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'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA-hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[New Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref>
'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA-hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[New Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref>
==History==
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a [[Vizier|wazir]] in the court of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.<ref>Anu Kapur, p. 83-85, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT83&dq=ghaziuddinnagar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBgcHztcPiAhUIVH0KHZIrBSIQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=ghaziuddinnagar&f=false Mapping Place Names of India]</ref> The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|title=history1|publisher=nagarnigamghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=7 March 2005 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|website=ghaziabad.nic.in|publisher=District Administration, Ghaziabad|access-date=5 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161131/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the [[Hindon River|Hindon]] in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Debashish|title=Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|agency=The Hindu|date=14 August 2011|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>
Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Azimabadi|first1=Badr|title=Great Personalities in Islam|date=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers|location=Daryaganj, Delhi|page=218|isbn=9788174351227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&pg=PP5}}</ref> The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]], connecting [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]], up till [[Ambala]] through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> With the completion of the [[Amritsar]]-[[Saharanpur]]-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, [[Delhi]] was connected to [[Multan]] through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref>
Ghaziabad, along with [[Meerut]] and [[Bulandshahr]], remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA200 |title=Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books |date=8 June 2007 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>
Ghaziabad was associated with the [[Indian independence movement]] from the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com"/>
== Economy ==
[[File:Crossing Republik Ghaziabad (NH 24).jpg|left|thumb|Residential apartments near [[Vaishali metro station|Vaishali Metro Station]], Ghaziabad]]
[[File:MAIT Administrative Block.JPG|left|thumb|MAIT Administrative Block in Ghaziabad.]]
Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=30, 92, 98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC}}</ref> John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at [[Rawalpindi]] was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=172}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Mohan Meakin]] breweries were also set up in the year 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohanmeakin.com/index.php |title=Mohan Meakin Group |publisher=Mohanmeakin.com |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=92}}</ref>
In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Central Electronics Limited]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=97, 98}}</ref> Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=124, 93, 11, 39, 69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC&pg=PA1}}</ref>
==Demographics==
===Population===
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 93.81%.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 July 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233834/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 2 April 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of Empowered Committee |url=http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930090010/http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |url-status = dead|archive-date=30 September 2011 |work=Minutes of the Meeting Report |publisher=Government of India |access-date=18 March 2013 }}</ref> It is the second largest industrial city in [[Uttar Pradesh]] after [[Kanpur]].<ref name="ghaziabad1">{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |title=district and session court-ghaziabad |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214015019/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |archive-date=14 February 2014 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Ghaziabad |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Religion |right1=Percent(%) |float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|Orange|72.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|25.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Yellow|0.49}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.41}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|Red|0.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Gray|0.07}}
}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
Hinduism is the most popular religion in Ghaziabad with 72.93% followers, followed by 25.35% Muslim followers, 0.41% Christian followers, and 0.49% Sikh followers who make up the smallest percentage of followers in the city. There are around 0.07 Buddhists, 0.35% Jain followers who are minorities. There are many religious sites in Ghaziabad such as the Dudheshwar Mahadev Mandir, ISKCON Temple for Hindus, Jama Masjid for Muslims, Holy Trinity Church for Christians, and Shri Guru Singh Sabha Gurudwara for Sikhs.
==Climate==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
As it is connected to the national capital, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. [[Rajasthan]]'s dust storms and snowfall in the [[Himalayas]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] hills name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the district at the end of June or the first week of July and normally it rains until October.
As in other districts of northern India mainly three seasons - summer, winter and rainy - prevail here, but sometimes due to severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills, adverse weather can also be seen.
Due to a number of construction and highway projects causing cutting down hundreds of old trees rapidly, the pollution and rising temperature issues have increased significantly.
== Government and politics ==
Ghaziabad city is governed by the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation under the [http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act], 1959.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis|hdl=10603/223280|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/223280}}</ref>  Ghaziabad city is spread over {{cvt|210|km2}} of municipal area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad City|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]] on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.<ref name=":1" /> Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0" /> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.<ref name="Ghaziabad Official Information" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parshad List|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/parshad-list.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> The local elections to all wards was last held in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2017-11-25|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam Polls 2017: Ward-Wise Candidate and Municipal Corporation Details of Ghaziabad, UP|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/ghaziabad-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-ward-wise-candidate-and-municipal-corporation-details-of-ghaziabad-up-2675838/|access-date=2020-08-26|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> The executive head is Mahendra Singh Tanwar, the current [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} while the elected head is the [[Mayor]], Asha Sharma from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dec 12|first1=Ayaskant Das / TNN / Updated|last2=2017|last3=Ist|first3=19:14|title=BJP leader Asha Sharma sworn in as new Ghaziabad mayor {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/bjp-leader-asha-sharma-sworn-in-as-new-ghaziabad-mayor/articleshow/62039904.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/index.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organization{{!}}GMA- Ghaziabad Management Association|url=http://gmaindia.org/executive.php|access-date=2020-10-29|website=gmaindia.org}}</ref>
=== Representation in state assembly ===
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]] represented by [[Gen. (Retd.) V. K. Singh|Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar Singh]] from the BJP,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Kumar Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1667|access-date=2020-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref> and one MLA elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency)|Vidhan Sabha constituency]], represented by BJP's [[Atul Garg]] elected in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atul Garg(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(GHAZIABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=186|access-date=2020-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref>
=== Law and order ===
In January 2020 it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-15|title=Commissionerate: New police system in Ghaziabad, Varanasi, Kanpur likely|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/commissionerate-new-police-system-in-ghaziabad-varanasi-kanpur-likely-6216869/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who {{!}} District Ghaziabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/about-district/whos-who/|access-date=2020-10-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Development ===
The [[Ghaziabad Development Authority]] (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure.
== Civic utilities ==
Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The [[Comprehensive planning|master plan]] for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, [[Uttar Pradesh]], which is department under the [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]] for the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / About Us / Profile|url=http://uptownplanning.gov.in/page/en/profile|access-date=2020-08-26|website=uptownplanning.gov.in}}</ref>
The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-09|title=Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/ghaziabad-s-residential-areas-to-get-water-atms-before-summer/story-IJp306qqdFn3IEhd0y9lOO.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The city also receives water from the [[Ganges|Ganga]] through 50 [[Cubic foot|cusec]] (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants<ref name=":2" />  but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad: New Ganga water treatment plant to tackle city's water scarcity|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/5967/ghaziabad-new-ganga-water-treatment-plant-to-tackle-city-s-water-scarcity|access-date=2020-08-26|website=www.cityspidey.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last1=Sep 4|first1=TNN /|last2=2015|last3=Ist|first3=03:08|title=Treated water doesn't reach over half of Ghaziabad homes {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Treated-water-doesnt-reach-over-half-of-Ghaziabad-homes/articleshow/48796230.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up [[sewage treatment plants]] and water treatment plants for the city.<ref name=":3" />  The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.<ref name=":4"/> Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.<ref name=":4" /> Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.<ref name=":4" />
As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to [[Meerut]], while 300 metric tonnes are sent to [[Pilkhuwa]], while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create [[compost]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|last1=Jan 25|first1=Abhijay Jha / TNN /|last2=2019|last3=Ist|first3=10:28|title=Meerut allows Ghaziabad to dump 200 tonnes of waste daily {{!}} Ghaziabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/meerut-allows-ghaziabad-to-dump-200-tonnes-of-waste-daily/articleshow/67680428.cms|access-date=2020-09-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar [[landfill]] till they stopped on the orders of a [[National Green Tribunal Act|National Green Tribunal]] committee.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=GZB Municipal corp to set up 10 garbage factories|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/business/gzb-municipal-corp-to-set-up-10-garbage-factories.html|access-date=2020-09-08|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.
==Transport==
===Road===
[[File:National Highway 24.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] connects Ghaziabad. ]]
A proposal has been made to widen{{when|date=April 2020}} [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/make-nh-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-akhilesh-yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |title=Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020244/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Make-NH-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-Akhilesh-Yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
===Rail===
[[File:Delhi Metro.jpg|thumb|The [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue and Red Lines]] of the [[Delhi Metro]] serves Ghaziabad]]
The [[Delhi Metro]]'s [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue and Red Lines]] serves Ghaziabad and connects it with the National capital, Delhi. The [[Delhi Metro]] [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]] serves Ghaziabad, with eight stations and [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] with two stations. The Red Line's eastern terminus, [[Shaheed Sthal metro station]], is located in this city. Other stations include [[Hindon metro station|Hindon River Station]] which serves Raj Nagar Extension and [[Mohan Nagar metro station|Mohan Nagar Station]]. And from the Blue line another station exists at [[Vaishali (Delhi Metro)|Vaishali]], which serves that area as well as [[Vasundhara Enclave|Vasundhara]] and [[Indirapuram]], and there is also a station at [[Kaushambi (Ghaziabad)|Kaushambi]].<ref>{{cite web|date=15 July 2011|title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/|access-date=16 April 2013|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
The city receives [[Indian Railways]] service at [[Ghaziabad Junction railway station|Ghaziabad Junction Railway Station]]. This is one of the major Junctions and exists from 1864, being one of the first few stations opened, since the start of the Railways.
The [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]] is under-construction and will run through Ghaziabad.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Journal|first=Tunnelling|date=2021-12-31|title=EPBMs ready for India's Delhi-Meerut Rapid Rail Project|url=https://tunnellingjournal.com/epbms-ready-indias-delhi-meerut-rapid-rail-project/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=The Tunnelling Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref>
===Air===
[[Hindon Airport|Hindon Domestic Airport]] is the airport serving Ghaziabad and is operational in the city from 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi NCR after [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]. It (the passenger terminal) was inaugurated by Hon. Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi on 8 March 2019.
The closest international airport is the [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]. Hindon Domestic Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand and Hubli, Karnataka.<ref>[http://livemint.com/companies/news/udan-scheme-4-airlines-to-link-ghaziabad-to-8-small-towns-from-mid-may-1552043368616.html UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh] Livemint</ref>
==Sports==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2020}}
The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ghaziabad|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] is a Cricket stadium in Nehru Nagar, Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, is a Hockey Stadium in Shastri Nagar, Ghaziabad and Mahamaya Sports stadium is multi-purpose Sports Stadium in the city.
An International Cricket Stadium is under construction at Raj Nagar Extension and is supposed to be completed by 2021.
==Institutes==
Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are:-
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*[[IMS Engineering College]]
*[[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]] (IMT)
*[[Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad]]
*[[Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rkgit.edu.in/ |title = RKGIT:: Top Private engineering college in AKTU}}</ref>
*[[Santosh Medical College]]
*[[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]] (Delhi-NCR Campus)
== Notable people ==
===Arts, entertainment and television===
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* [[Lara Dutta]], Miss Universe 2000 and Bollywood actress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-lara-dutta-her-top-moments/|title=Happy Birthday Lara Dutta: Her top moments|date=2015-04-16|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-01-10|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175956/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-lara-dutta-her-top-moments/|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
===Business===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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* [[Nikesh Arora]], businessman, former president and COO of SoftBank Corp. and CEO of SoftBank Internet and Media, Inc.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Tk0XvEXQoUDplzSgqtHSFL/Googles-Nikesh-Arora-Man-with-a-plan.html|title=Google's Nikesh Arora: Man with a plan|work=Live Mint|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175355/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Tk0XvEXQoUDplzSgqtHSFL/Googles-Nikesh-Arora-Man-with-a-plan.html|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Kapil Mohan]], businessman <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1175170/old-monk-kapil-mohan-who-popularised-indias-legendary-rum-brand-is-no-more/|title=Old Monk's old man is no more|last=Thomas|first=Maria|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-01-10|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175415/https://qz.com/1175170/old-monk-kapil-mohan-who-popularised-indias-legendary-rum-brand-is-no-more/|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
===Politics and government===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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* [[Suresh Bansal]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061726/https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Madan Bhaiya]], politician,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807162340/https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Roop Chaudhary]], politician.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|title= Archived copy|access-date= 15 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155431/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|archive-date= 7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>       
* [[Arvind Kejriwal]], politician
* [[Rama Pilot]], politician.<ref name="LS">{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile: Pilot, Smt. Rama|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|publisher=[[Lok Sabha]]|access-date=4 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011604/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
* General [[V.K. Singh]] (Retd.), politician
* [[K.C. Tyagi]], politician
* [[Ram Chandra Vikal]], freedom fighter and deputy Chief Minister of UP.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217024002/http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>
===Sports===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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*[[Rajkumar Baisla]], Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghaziabad-8589007.html|title=पहलवान राजकुमार व निशानेबाज फरीद अली सम्मानित}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yespunjab.com/info4u/item/48743-list-of-dhyan-chand-award-recipients-india-s-highest-award-for-lifetime-achievement-in-sports-and-games |title = Home - YesPunjab.com}}</ref>
*[[Manoj Prabhakar]], cricketer
*[[Suresh Raina]], cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|title=Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|website=Cricbuzz|language=en|access-date=2018-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703051012/http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf|date=20 April 2011|title=Census of India 2011 – Provisional Population Totals &#124; Uttar Pradesh Series 10|access-date=14 September 2015}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/|title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work - Indian Express|work=indianexpress|access-date=14 September 2015}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.goghaziabad.com/artculture.html|title=Ghaziabad Art & Culture|publisher=goghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Ghaziabad}}
* [http://ghaziabad.nic.in Ghaziabad District Administration]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Ghaziabad}}
{{Ghaziabad district}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]
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