S. R. Bommai: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Short description|Indian politician (1924–2007)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
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| caption      =  
| caption      =  
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|06|06}}
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|06|06}}
| birth_place  = Karadagi, [[Shiggaon]] (in present-day [[Haveri district|Haveri]]), [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]]
| birth_place  = [[Karadagi]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2007|10|10|1924|06|06}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2007|10|10|1924|06|06}}
| death_place  = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_place  = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| office        = [[Minister of Human Resource Development]]
| office        = [[Minister of Human Resource Development|Union Minister of Human Resource Development]]
| term_start    = 5 June 1996
| term_start    = 5 June 1996
| term_end      = 19 March 1998
| term_end      = 19 March 1998
| predecessor  = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| predecessor  = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor    = [[Murali Manohar Joshi]]
| successor    = [[Murali Manohar Joshi]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Orissa]] (''[[Rajya Sabha]]'')
| primeminister = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br/>[[I. K. Gujral]]
| primeminister = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br/>[[I. K. Gujral]]
| office1      = 11th [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]]
| office1      = 11th [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]]
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| predecessor1  = [[Ramakrishna Hegde]]
| predecessor1  = [[Ramakrishna Hegde]]
| successor1    = [[President's rule]]
| successor1    = [[President's rule]]
| constituency_AM2 = Hubli Rural
| constituency_AM4 = Hubli Rural
| assembly2     = Karnataka Legislative  
| assembly4     = Karnataka Legislative  
| term_start2   = 1978
| term_start4   = 1978
| term_end2     = 1989
| term_end4     = 1989
| predecessor2 = G. Rangaswamy Sandra
| predecessor4 = G. Rangaswamy Sandra
| successor2   = G. Rangaswamy Sandra
| successor4   = G. Rangaswamy Sandra
| party        = [[Janata Party]]
| constituency3      = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]
| otherparty    =  
| term_start3        = 3 April 1998
| term_end3        = 2 April 2004
| successor3          =
| office2            = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency2      = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]]
| term_start2        = 2 July 1992
| term_end2        = 2 April 1998
| successor2          =
| party        = [[All India Progressive Janata Dal]](2002-2007)
| otherparty    = *[[Janata Dal (United)]] <small>(1999–2002)</small>
*[[Janata Dal]] <small>(1993–1999)</small>
*[[Samajwadi Janata Party]] <small>(1990–1993)</small>
*[[Janata Party]] <small>(1977–1990)</small>
*[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]] <small>(1972–1977)</small>
*[[Radical Democratic Party (India)|Radical Democratic Party]] <small>(1940)</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=S. R. Bommai|url=http://www.kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/SRBommai.htm|access-date=2021-08-17|website=www.kla.kar.nic.in}}</ref>
| spouse        = Gangamma
| spouse        = Gangamma
| children      = 4; including [[Basavaraj Bommai|Basavaraj]]
| children      = 4; including [[Basavaraj Bommai]]
| occupation    =  
| occupation    =  
| signature    =  
| signature    =  
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}}
}}


'''Somappa Rayappa Bommai''' (6 June 1924 – 10 October 2007) was an Indian Politician who was the 11th [[Chief Minister]] of [[Karnataka]] . He was also the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Human Resource Development Minister]] in the [[United Front (India)|United Front]] government from 1996 to 1998.<ref name="stat100">{{cite web|title = List of former Ministers in charge of Education/HRD|url = http://hrm.mhrd.gov.in/ministers|publisher = Government of India}}</ref>
'''Somappa Rayappa Bommai''' (6 June 1924 – 10 October 2007) was an Indian Politician who was the 11th [[Chief Minister]] of [[Karnataka]]. He was also the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Human Resource Development Minister]] in the [[United Front (India)|United Front]] government from 1996 to 1998.<ref name="stat100">{{cite web|title = List of former Ministers in charge of Education/HRD|url = http://hrm.mhrd.gov.in/ministers|publisher = Government of India}}</ref> He is widely remembered as the champion for the landmark judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], [[S. R. Bommai v. Union of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title = As Basavaraj Bommai rises, how his father changed the course of Indian politics|url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/as-basavaraj-bommai-rises-how-his-father-changed-the-course-of-indian-politics-101627534313130.html|publisher = Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = What is the S.R. Bommai case, and why is it quoted often?|url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-is-the-sr-bommai-case-and-why-is-it-quoted-often/article23929119.ece|work = The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Bommai verdict: A law for all time|url = https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-perspective/bommai-verdict-a-law-for-all-time-1015309.html|publisher = Deccan Herald}}</ref>
 
His son [[Basavaraj Bommai]] became the Chief Minister of Karnataka in 2021 making them only the second father and son duo after [[H. D. Devegowda]] and [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] to become the Chief Ministers of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|title = Basavaraj Bommai to be latest in father-son duo club to occupy CM's chair|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/basavaraj-bommai-to-be-latest-in-father-son-duo-club-to-occupy-cms-chair/articleshow/84800127.cms|work = The Times of India}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
S.R.Bommai was born on 6 June 1924  in a ''Sadar Lingayat'' family at Karadagi village of [[Shiggaon]] taluk of the then undivided [[Dharwad]] District. He took part in the [[Quit India movement]] of 1942. He also played an active role in the unification (''Ekikarana'' in [[Kannada]]) of [[Karnataka]] which had been divided into Mysore kingdom, Bombay Presidency, Hyderabad, and Madras Presidency, during the British rule.<ref name=stat1>{{cite news|title=Bommai receives Ekikarana Award|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/10/stories/2007011008050500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001011111/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/10/stories/2007011008050500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 January 2007}}</ref>
S. R. Bommai was born on 6 June 1924  in a [[Sadar Lingayats|Sadar Lingayat]] family at Karadagi village of [[Shiggaon]] taluk of the then undivided [[Dharwad]] District. He took part in the [[Quit India movement]] of 1942. He also played an active role in the unification (''Ekikarana'' in [[Kannada]]) of [[Karnataka]] which had been spread among Mysore kingdom, Bombay Presidency, Hyderabad, and Madras Presidency, during the British rule.<ref name=stat1>{{cite news|title=Bommai receives Ekikarana Award|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/10/stories/2007011008050500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001011111/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/10/stories/2007011008050500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 January 2007}}</ref>


A lawyer by profession, he was elected to the [[Karnataka legislature|Karnataka Legislative assembly]] many times from the Hubballi rural constituency and was also a member of the Karnataka Legislative council from 1972 to 1978.
A lawyer by profession, he was elected to the [[Karnataka legislature|Karnataka Legislative assembly]] many times from the Hubballi rural constituency and was also a member of the Karnataka Legislative council from 1972 to 1978.
Line 49: Line 66:
He along with [[Ramakrishna Hegde]], [[J. H. Patel]] and [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] — was instrumental in the [[Janata Party]] forming a government in the State for the first time in the State in 1983.<ref name=stat10>{{cite web|title=Former CM S R Bommai - the Man, Life and Career|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/printer.asp?nid=38998|publisher=Daijiworld}}</ref>  He was given the weighty portfolio of Industries in the Ramakrishna Hegde government. After Hegde quit on moral grounds, Mr. Bommai took charge as Chief Minister of the State on 13 August 1988 and his government was dismissed by the then Governor, P. Venkatasubbaiah, on 21 April 1989. The dismissal was on the grounds that his government had lost its majority following large-scale defections engineered by several Janata Party leaders of the day. Bommai had sought some time from the Governor to prove his majority on the floor of the Legislature and he was denied this. He challenged this order in the Supreme Court.<ref name=stat2>{{cite news|title=S.R. Bommai passes away|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011220918/http://hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 October 2007}}</ref>
He along with [[Ramakrishna Hegde]], [[J. H. Patel]] and [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] — was instrumental in the [[Janata Party]] forming a government in the State for the first time in the State in 1983.<ref name=stat10>{{cite web|title=Former CM S R Bommai - the Man, Life and Career|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/printer.asp?nid=38998|publisher=Daijiworld}}</ref>  He was given the weighty portfolio of Industries in the Ramakrishna Hegde government. After Hegde quit on moral grounds, Mr. Bommai took charge as Chief Minister of the State on 13 August 1988 and his government was dismissed by the then Governor, P. Venkatasubbaiah, on 21 April 1989. The dismissal was on the grounds that his government had lost its majority following large-scale defections engineered by several Janata Party leaders of the day. Bommai had sought some time from the Governor to prove his majority on the floor of the Legislature and he was denied this. He challenged this order in the Supreme Court.<ref name=stat2>{{cite news|title=S.R. Bommai passes away|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011220918/http://hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 October 2007}}</ref>


S. R. Bommai was the president of Karnataka state unit till the state unit got merged with [[Janata Dal]] in 1993 before [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994 Karnataka Assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=July 31|first1=SARITHA RAI|last2=July 31|first2=1993 ISSUE DATE|last3=July 24|first3=1993UPDATED|last4=Ist|first4=2013 16:50|title=Ramakrishna Hegde and H.D. Deve Gowda patch up in Karnataka|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19930731-ramakrishna-hegde-h-d-deve-gowda-patch-up-in-karnataka-811370-1993-07-31|access-date=2021-08-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
==''S. R. Bommai v. Union of India'' case==
{{Main|S. R. Bommai v. Union of India}}
[[S. R. Bommai v. Union of India]] was a landmark judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], where the Court discussed at length, the provisions of [[Article 356]] of the [[Constitution of India]] and related issues. The apex court spelt out restrictions on the Centre's power to dismiss a state government under Article 356.<ref name=stat8>{{cite web|title=S.R. Bommai vs Union Of India on 11 March, 1994|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/141126788/|publisher=Indian Kanoon}}</ref>  This case had huge impact on Centre-State Relations. Instances of imposition of [[President's rule]] have reduced after this judgement.<ref name=stat9>{{cite web|title=Protecting secularism and federal fair play|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1422/14220170.htm|publisher=Frontline}}</ref>
[[S. R. Bommai v. Union of India]] was a landmark judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], where the Court discussed at length, the provisions of [[Article 356]] of the [[Constitution of India]] and related issues. The apex court spelt out restrictions on the Centre's power to dismiss a state government under Article 356.<ref name=stat8>{{cite web|title=S.R. Bommai vs Union Of India on 11 March, 1994|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/141126788/|publisher=Indian Kanoon}}</ref>  This case had huge impact on Centre-State Relations. Instances of imposition of [[President's rule]] have reduced after this judgement.<ref name=stat9>{{cite web|title=Protecting secularism and federal fair play|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1422/14220170.htm|publisher=Frontline}}</ref>


Bommai was National president of the [[Janata Dal]] from 1990 to 1996. He was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], two times in 1992 and 1998.<ref name=stat3>{{cite web|title=Bommai, Oscar and Naidu will make it to RS from Karnataka|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/17rsk.htm|publisher=Rediff on the net}}</ref>  In 1996, he became the Union minister for Human resource development in the United Front government and served with both the prime ministers [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[I. K. Gujral]]. In 1999, after the [[Janata Dal]] split, he sided with the JD(U) faction and later formed the [[All India Progressive Janata Dal]] in 2002, as a platform for merger of different factions of Janata Dal.<ref name=stat5>{{cite news|title=Janata Dal leader Bommai floats new party|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27326879_1_new-party-s-r-bommai-new-outfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060623/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27326879_1_new-party-s-r-bommai-new-outfit|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 December 2002}}</ref><ref name=stat6>{{cite news|title=JD factions float All-India Janata Dal|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27293850_1_bommai-new-outfit-jd-factions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27293850_1_bommai-new-outfit-jd-factions|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 December 2002}}</ref>  However, after large scale defections, the weakened party was finally merged with JD(U).<ref name=stat7>{{cite news|title=AIPJD agrees to merge with JDU|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-12/bangalore/28323449_1_aipjd-india-progressive-janata-dal-assembly-seats|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-12/bangalore/28323449_1_aipjd-india-progressive-janata-dal-assembly-seats|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 March 2004}}</ref>
Bommai was National president of the [[Janata Dal]] from 1990 to 1996. He was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], two times in 1992 and 1998.<ref name=stat3>{{cite web|title=Bommai, Oscar and Naidu will make it to RS from Karnataka|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/17rsk.htm|publisher=Rediff on the net}}</ref>  In 1996, he became the Union minister for Human resource development in the United Front government and served with both the prime ministers [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[I. K. Gujral]]. In 1999, after the [[Janata Dal]] split, he sided with the JD(U) faction and later formed the [[All India Progressive Janata Dal]] in 2002, as a platform for merger of different factions of Janata Dal.<ref name=stat5>{{cite news|title=Janata Dal leader Bommai floats new party|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27326879_1_new-party-s-r-bommai-new-outfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060623/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27326879_1_new-party-s-r-bommai-new-outfit|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 December 2002}}</ref><ref name=stat6>{{cite news|title=JD factions float All-India Janata Dal|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27293850_1_bommai-new-outfit-jd-factions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-11/bangalore/27293850_1_bommai-new-outfit-jd-factions|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 December 2002}}</ref>  However, after large scale defections, the weakened party was finally merged with JD(U).<ref name=stat7>{{cite news|title=AIPJD agrees to merge with JDU|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-12/bangalore/28323449_1_aipjd-india-progressive-janata-dal-assembly-seats|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-12/bangalore/28323449_1_aipjd-india-progressive-janata-dal-assembly-seats|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 March 2004}}</ref>


He died on 10 October 2007, aged 84.<ref name=stat4>{{cite news|title=S R Bommai passes away|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-11/bangalore/27968920_1_s-r-bommai-janata-parivar-union-minister|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-11/bangalore/27968920_1_s-r-bommai-janata-parivar-union-minister|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 October 2007}}</ref> His one son, M.S.Bommai is an industrialist in Bangalore, and the other [[Basavaraj Bommai]] inherited his political legacy and went on to become a minister in the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] government in 2008.
He died on 10 October 2007, aged 84.<ref name=stat4>{{cite news|title=S R Bommai passes away|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-11/bangalore/27968920_1_s-r-bommai-janata-parivar-union-minister|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-11/bangalore/27968920_1_s-r-bommai-janata-parivar-union-minister|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 October 2007}}</ref> His one son, M.S. Bommai is an industrialist in Bengaluru, and the other [[Basavaraj Bommai]] inherited his political legacy and went on to become the Chief Minister of Karnataka  on 28th July 2021.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 10:05, 7 December 2021


S. R. Bommai
Somappa Rayappa Bommai 132.jpg
Union Minister of Human Resource Development
In office
5 June 1996 – 19 March 1998
Prime MinisterH. D. Deve Gowda
I. K. Gujral
Preceded byAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded byMurali Manohar Joshi
ConstituencyOrissa (Rajya Sabha)
11th Chief Minister of Karnataka
In office
13 August 1988 – 21 April 1989
GovernorPendekanti Venkatasubbaiah
Preceded byRamakrishna Hegde
Succeeded byPresident's rule
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
2 July 1992 – 2 April 1998
ConstituencyOdisha
In office
3 April 1998 – 2 April 2004
ConstituencyKarnataka
Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly
for Hubli Rural
In office
1978–1989
Preceded byG. Rangaswamy Sandra
Succeeded byG. Rangaswamy Sandra
Personal details
Born(1924-06-06)6 June 1924
Karadagi
Died10 October 2007(2007-10-10) (aged 83)
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Political partyAll India Progressive Janata Dal(2002-2007)
Other political
affiliations
Spouse(s)Gangamma
Children4; including Basavaraj Bommai

Somappa Rayappa Bommai (6 June 1924 – 10 October 2007) was an Indian Politician who was the 11th Chief Minister of Karnataka. He was also the Human Resource Development Minister in the United Front government from 1996 to 1998.[2] He is widely remembered as the champion for the landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India, S. R. Bommai v. Union of India.[3][4][5]

His son Basavaraj Bommai became the Chief Minister of Karnataka in 2021 making them only the second father and son duo after H. D. Devegowda and H. D. Kumaraswamy to become the Chief Ministers of Karnataka.[6]

Biography[edit]

S. R. Bommai was born on 6 June 1924 in a Sadar Lingayat family at Karadagi village of Shiggaon taluk of the then undivided Dharwad District. He took part in the Quit India movement of 1942. He also played an active role in the unification (Ekikarana in Kannada) of Karnataka which had been spread among Mysore kingdom, Bombay Presidency, Hyderabad, and Madras Presidency, during the British rule.[7]

A lawyer by profession, he was elected to the Karnataka Legislative assembly many times from the Hubballi rural constituency and was also a member of the Karnataka Legislative council from 1972 to 1978.

He along with Ramakrishna Hegde, J. H. Patel and H. D. Deve Gowda — was instrumental in the Janata Party forming a government in the State for the first time in the State in 1983.[8] He was given the weighty portfolio of Industries in the Ramakrishna Hegde government. After Hegde quit on moral grounds, Mr. Bommai took charge as Chief Minister of the State on 13 August 1988 and his government was dismissed by the then Governor, P. Venkatasubbaiah, on 21 April 1989. The dismissal was on the grounds that his government had lost its majority following large-scale defections engineered by several Janata Party leaders of the day. Bommai had sought some time from the Governor to prove his majority on the floor of the Legislature and he was denied this. He challenged this order in the Supreme Court.[9]

S. R. Bommai was the president of Karnataka state unit till the state unit got merged with Janata Dal in 1993 before 1994 Karnataka Assembly elections.[10]

S. R. Bommai v. Union of India case[edit]

Main article: S. R. Bommai v. Union of India

S. R. Bommai v. Union of India was a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India, where the Court discussed at length, the provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India and related issues. The apex court spelt out restrictions on the Centre's power to dismiss a state government under Article 356.[11] This case had huge impact on Centre-State Relations. Instances of imposition of President's rule have reduced after this judgement.[12]

Bommai was National president of the Janata Dal from 1990 to 1996. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha, two times in 1992 and 1998.[13] In 1996, he became the Union minister for Human resource development in the United Front government and served with both the prime ministers H. D. Deve Gowda and I. K. Gujral. In 1999, after the Janata Dal split, he sided with the JD(U) faction and later formed the All India Progressive Janata Dal in 2002, as a platform for merger of different factions of Janata Dal.[14][15] However, after large scale defections, the weakened party was finally merged with JD(U).[16]

He died on 10 October 2007, aged 84.[17] His one son, M.S. Bommai is an industrialist in Bengaluru, and the other Basavaraj Bommai inherited his political legacy and went on to become the Chief Minister of Karnataka on 28th July 2021.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "S. R. Bommai". www.kla.kar.nic.in. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "List of former Ministers in charge of Education/HRD". Government of India.
  3. ↑ "As Basavaraj Bommai rises, how his father changed the course of Indian politics". Hindustan Times.
  4. ↑ "What is the S.R. Bommai case, and why is it quoted often?". The Hindu.
  5. ↑ "Bommai verdict: A law for all time". Deccan Herald.
  6. ↑ "Basavaraj Bommai to be latest in father-son duo club to occupy CM's chair". The Times of India.
  7. ↑ "Bommai receives Ekikarana Award". The Hindu. 10 January 2007. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.
  8. ↑ "Former CM S R Bommai - the Man, Life and Career". Daijiworld.
  9. ↑ "S.R. Bommai passes away". The Hindu. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007.
  10. ↑ July 31, SARITHA RAI; July 31, 1993 ISSUE DATE; July 24, 1993UPDATED; Ist, 2013 16:50. "Ramakrishna Hegde and H.D. Deve Gowda patch up in Karnataka". India Today. Retrieved 17 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ "S.R. Bommai vs Union Of India on 11 March, 1994". Indian Kanoon.
  12. ↑ "Protecting secularism and federal fair play". Frontline.
  13. ↑ "Bommai, Oscar and Naidu will make it to RS from Karnataka". Rediff on the net.
  14. ↑ "Janata Dal leader Bommai floats new party". The Times of India. 11 December 2002. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
  15. ↑ "JD factions float All-India Janata Dal". The Times of India. 11 December 2002. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
  16. ↑ "AIPJD agrees to merge with JDU". The Times of India. 12 March 2004. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
  17. ↑ "S R Bommai passes away". The Times of India. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
Preceded by
Ramakrishna Hegde 		Chief Minister of Karnataka
13 August 1988 – 21 April 1989 		Succeeded by
President's rule
Preceded by
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (as Prime minister) 		Human Resource Development Minister
5 June 1996 – 19 March 1998 		Succeeded by
Murli Manohar Joshi
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