Karan Singh: Difference between revisions

Karan Singh
Karan Singh
1st Governor of Jammu and Kashmir
	In office; 30 March 1965 – 15 May 1967
Preceded by	Position established; Himself as Sadr-i-Riyasat
Succeeded by	Bhagwan Sahay
Sadr-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir
	In office; 17 November 1952 – 30 March 1965
Prime Minister	Sheikh Abdullah; Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad ; Khwaja Shamsuddin ; Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished; Himself as Governor
Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir
	In office; 20 June 1949 – 17 November 1952
Monarch	Hari Singh
Ambassador of India to the United States of America
	In office; 1989–1990
Preceded by	P. K. Kaul
Succeeded by	Abid Hussain
Minister of Education and Culture
	In office; 30 July 1979 – 14 January 1980
Prime Minister	Charan Singh
Preceded by	Pratap Chandra Chunder
Succeeded by	B. Shankaranand
Minister for Health and Family Planning
	In office; 9 November 1973 – 24 March 1977
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Preceded by	Uma Shankar Dikshit
Succeeded by	Raj Narain
Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation
	In office; 13 March 1967 – 9 November 1973
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Preceded by	Ministry established
Succeeded by	R. Bahadur
Member of the Rajya Sabha for; National Capital Territory of Delhi
	In office; 28 January 2000 – 27 January 2018
Member of the Lok Sabha for Udhampur
	In office; 1971–1984
Preceded by	G. S. Brigadier
Succeeded by	Girdhari Lal Dogra
	In office; 1967–1968
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	G. S. Brigadier
Personal details
Born	9 March 1931 (age 94); Cannes, France
Political party	Indian National Congress (1947 - 1979, 2000 - Present)
Other political; affiliations	Indian National Congress (U) (1979 - 1984) ; Independent (1984) ; National Conference (1996 - 1999)
Spouse(s)	Yasho Rajya Lakshmi
Relations	Dogra dynasty; Chitrangada Singh (daughter-in-law); Bhim Singh (kinsman); Dhian Singh (ancestral Kinsman)
Children	Ajatshatru Singh, Vikramaditya Singh
Parent(s)	Maharaja Hari Singh; Maharani Tara Devi
Alma mater	University of Kashmir (B.A.); University of Delhi (M.A., PhD)
Awards	Padma Vibhushan
Signature
Website	karansingh.com

Revision as of 03:42, 9 January 2022

Karan Singh (born 9 March 1931) is an Indian politician and philosopher.^[1] He is the son of the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh. He was the prince regent of Jammu and Kashmir until 1952. From 1952 to 1965 he was the Sadr-i-Riyasat (President) of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the Republic of India.^[2] For the 2022 Indian Presidential Election, he was reported as a potential candidate in Indian media, as recommended for nomination by Ankit Love.^[3]

Singh was a member of India's Upper House of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, representing the national capital territory of Delhi. He is a senior member of the Indian National Congress party who served successively as President (Sadr-i-Riyasat)^[2]^[4] and Governor of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. He was a life trustee and president of India International Center. He was elected chancellor of Banaras Hindu University for three terms,^[5] and served till 2018.^[6] He has been a prospective presidential candidate over the years.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Early and personal life

Karan Singh was born at the Martinez Hotel,^[11] Cannes, France into the Dogra dynasty. He was the only son of Maharaja Hari Singh,^[12] the ruling Maharaja of Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir. His mother, Maharani Tara Devi, who was the fourth wife of his father, was the daughter of a landowning Katoch Rajput family and came from Bijapur (Vijaypur near Bilaspur) in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.^{[dubious – discuss]}^{[citation needed]}

Singh was educated at Doon School, Dehra Dun, a boarding school, which represented a departure from the usual practise of princes being educated by tutors at home. The school was very elite, but it nevertheless meant that Karan Singh shared the classroom (though not the hostel) with boys from non-royal backgrounds, and received a standard education. Unusually for the scion of an Indian royal family, he then enrolled in a college for a graduate degree, receiving first a B.A. degree from Jammu and Kashmir University, Srinagar, and subsequently an M.A. degree in Political Science and a PhD degree from University of Delhi.^[13]

In 1950, the 19-year-old Karan Singh was married to 13-year-old Yasho Rajya Lakshmi, daughter of a nobleman belonging to the Rana family of Nepal. Her father, General Sharada Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, was a senior army officer and the son of Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, the last Rana Prime Minister of Nepal.^[14] The match, arranged by their families in the usual Indian way, was entirely harmonious and lasted all their lives. The couple had three children:

Yuvraj Vikramaditya Singh, elder son and crown prince; married Chitrangada Scindia, the daughter of Madhavrao Scindia of Gwalior, in 1987.^[15]
Ajatshatru Singh, second son; took to politics, was elected to the state assembly from the Nagrota constituency and became a minister in the state government. His wife is the daughter of an army officer.
Jyotsna Singh, only daughter, married into a chauhan family belonging to Mainpuri in Uttar Pradesh.

Political career

In 1949, at age of eighteen, Singh was appointed as the prince regent of Jammu and Kashmir state after his father stepped down as the ruler, following the state's accession to India.^[16] From that point, he served successively as regent, the Sadr-i-Riyasat, and the first governor of the state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1965 to 1967.

On August 8, 1953 as the President (Sadr-i-Riyasat) of Jammu and Kashmir, Karan Singh backed a coup d'etat against the elected Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah,^[17] allegedly for harboring independent ambitions for Kashmir, which led to the imprisonment of Abdullah for eleven years following the Kashmir Conspiracy Case.

In 1967, he resigned as Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, and became the youngest-ever member of the Union Cabinet, holding the portfolios of Tourism and Civil Aviation between 1967 and 1973.^[18]^[19] Two years later, he voluntarily surrendered his privy purse, which he had been entitled to since the death of his father in 1961. He placed the entire sum into a charitable trust named after his parents.

In the 26th amendment^[20] to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India, of which Karan Singh was a Union cabinet minister, abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses).^[21] During the conclusion of the Cold War, he was India's ambassador to the USA. Singh received the Padma Vibhushan in 2005.

Dr. Karan Singh and President of India Pratibha Pati present the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding to German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the Presidential Palace in New Delhi, India in 2009.

In 1971, he was sent as an envoy to the Eastern Bloc nations to explain India's position with regard to East Pakistan, then engaged in civil war with West Pakistan.^[22] He attempted to resign following an aircraft crash in 1973, but the resignation was not accepted. The same year, he became the Minister for Health and Family planning, serving in this post until 1977.

Following the Emergency, Karan Singh was elected to the Lok Sabha from Udhampur in 1977 on a Congress ticket [the party had not split into Congress(I) and Congress(U) factions till then], and became Minister of Education and Culture in 1979 in Charan Singh's cabinet, representing Congress(U), which had split from Indira's Congress. Notably, Charan Singh became Prime Minister after the fall of Janata Party government headed by Morarji Desai. And Charan Singh himself resigned without facing Parliament even for a day as he was not sure of having a confidence motion passed in his favour. Karan Singh contested the 1980 Lok Sabha election on a Congress(U) ticket and won. In 1989–1990, he served as Indian Ambassador to the US, and this experience became the subject of a book he wrote, "Brief Sojourn".^[23]

From 1967 to 1984, Karan Singh was a member of the Lok Sabha. In 1984, he contested the Lok Sabha polls as an independent candidate from Jammu but lost the election. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 30 November 1996 to 12 August 1999, representing National Conference, a Muslim dominated party active in Jammu and Kashmir. Later, he was a Rajya Sabha member from 28 January 2000 to 27 January 2018 representing INC. He is known for switching his loyalties from one political party to another quite frequently. He has served as Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University, Jammu and Kashmir University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and NIIT University.^[24]

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh addressing at the launch of a film - I Believe Universal Values for a Global Society, by Raja Choudhury based on the beliefs of Dr. Karan Singh in 2011.
Dr. Karan Singh, along with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Rahul Gandhi present the Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award to Dr. Kiran Seth in 2011.
Dr. Karan Singh meets Hillary Clinton along with Congress party President Sonia Gandhi, and Rahul Gandhi. July 2009

Later life

He has been engaged by Sansad TV (a merged Global TV Channel of Lok Sabha TV and Rajya Sabha TV) as a Guest Anchor along with some other senior celebrated experts from diverse fields such as Bibek Debroy, Amitabh Kant, Shashi Tharoor, Hemant Batra, Maroof Raza and Sanjeev Sanyal to present some flagship programmes.^[25]^[26]^[27]

Academic career

Karan Singh served as the chancellor of Banaras Hindu University for three terms up until 2018. In 2008, he awarded an honorary doctorate to the then prime minister Manmohan Singh,^[28] and in 2016, he was asked by university administration to award an honorary doctorate to prime minister Modi, that the prime minister declined.^[29]

The Chancellor, Banaras Hindu University, Dr. Karan Singh presenting Honorary Doctorate Degree to the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, at the '90th Convocation Ceremony' in Varanasi on 15 March 2008

Prime Minister Narendra Modi being welcomed by Dr. Karan Singh, on his arrival at the Banaras Hindu University, in Varanasi on February 22, 2016.

Views

On population

"In 1974, I led the Indian delegation to the World Population Conference in Bucharest, where my statement that 'development is the best contraceptive' became widely known and oft quoted. I must admit that 20 years later I am inclined to reverse this, and my position now is that 'contraception is the best development'.”^[30]

Bibliography

Towards A New India (1974)
Population, Poverty and the Future of India (1975)
One Man's World (1986)
Essays on Hinduism. Ratna Sagar. 1987. ISBN 81-7070-173-2.
Humanity at the Crossroads, with Daisaku Ikeda. Oxford University Press, 1988.
Autobiography (2 vols.)(1989)
Brief Sojourn (1991)
Hymn to Shiva and Other Poems (1991)
The Transition to a Global Society (1991)
Mountain of Shiva (1994)
Autobiography. Oxford University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-19-563636-8.
Hinduism. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2005. ISBN 1-84557-425-7
Mundaka Upanishad: The Bridge to Immortality.
Ten Gurus of the Sikhs Their Life Story, Tr. into English Pramila Naniwadekar & Moreshwar Naniwadekar.
Nehru's Kashmir. Wisdom Tree. ISBN 978-81-8328-160-7.
A Treasury of Indian Wisdom. Penguin Ananda, 2010. ISBN 978-0-670-08450-0.
An Examined Life ed. Raghav Verma. Harper Collins, 2019. ISBN 9353570239^[31]^[32]

References

↑ "Dr. Karan Singh". karansingh.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Karan Singh on Accession of Kashmir to India". Outlook India magazine. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
↑ "Ankit Love wants nomination of Dr Karan Singh & Bhim Singh for President and Vice President of India". News - Cross Town News, a Leading Newspaper of J&K. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
↑ Saraf, Nandini (2012). The Life and Times of Lokmanya Tilak. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 341. ISBN 9788184301526. Before leaving Srinagar he also had long talks with Yuvraj Karan Singh, who was then being pressed to become the Sadr-i-Riyasat - Head of State of the State.
↑ "Karan Singh elected BHU chancellor for 3rd time". The Times of India. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Madan Mohan Malaviya's grandson next BHU chancellor". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
↑ "I'm available for the top job: Karan Singh". Hindustan Times. PTI. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Ankit Love wants nomination of Dr Karan Singh & Bhim Singh for President and Vice President of India". Cross Town News. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Bhim Singh pitches Dr Karan Singh as next President", Daily Excelsior, 5 June 2017, archived from the original on 19 December 2021, retrieved 18 June 2017
↑ "Propose Dr. Karan Singh as next President: Prof. Bhim". JK Monitor. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
↑ "Karan Singh recalls his French Connection". NetIndian. Retrieved 22 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Rajya Sabha MP Karan Singh slams attempts to brand Hari Singh as communal". 28 January 2017.
↑ "Dr. Karan Singh Profile". Doon School. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009.
↑ "Jammu & Kashmir Dharmarth Trust - Maharani Yasho Rajya Lakshmi". Archived from the original on 24 September 2010.
↑ The Gwalior Royal Wedding Event covered in India Today
↑ Dr. Karan Singh Raj Bhawan, Jammu and Kashmir official website.
↑ Puri, Jammu and Kashmir, State Politics in India 2015, p. 229.
↑ "COUNCIL OF MINISTERS: GANDHI 2". kolumbus.fi. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
↑ "COUNCIL OF MINISTERS: GANDHI 3". kolumbus.fi. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
↑ "The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971", indiacode.nic.in, Government of India, 1971, retrieved 9 November 2011
↑ 1. Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian princes and their states. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4., "Through a constitutional amendment passed in 1971, Indira Gandhi stripped the princes of the titles, privy purses and regal privileges which her father's government had granted." (p 278). 2. Naipaul, V. S. (2003), India: A Wounded Civilization, Random House Digital, Inc., p. 37, ISBN 978-1-4000-3075-0 Quote: "The princes of India – their number and variety reflecting to a large extent the chaos that had come to the country with the break up of the Mughal empire – had lost real power in the British time. Through generations of idle servitude they had grown to specialize only in style. A bogus, extinguishable glamour: in 1947, with Independence, they had lost their state, and Mrs. Gandhi in 1971 had, without much public outcry, abolished their privy purses and titles." (pp 37–38). 3. Schmidt, Karl J. (1995), An atlas and survey of South Asian history, M.E. Sharpe, p. 78, ISBN 978-1-56324-334-9 Quote: "Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses." (page 78). 4. Breckenridge, Carol Appadurai (1995), Consuming modernity: public culture in a South Asian world, U of Minnesota Press, p. 84, ISBN 978-0-8166-2306-8 Quote: "The third stage in the political evolution of the princes from rulers to citizens occurred in 1971, when the constitution ceased to recognize them as princes and their privy purses, titles, and special privileges were abolished." (page 84). 5. Guha, Ramachandra (2008), India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy, HarperCollins, p. 441, ISBN 978-0-06-095858-9 Quote: "Her success at the polls emboldened Mrs. Gandhi to act decisively against the princes. Through 1971, the two sides tried and failed to find a settlement. The princes were willing to forgo their privy purses, but hoped at least to save their titles. But with her overwhelming majority in Parliament, the prime minister had no need to compromise. On 2 December, she introduced a bill to amend the constitution and abolish all princely privileges. It was passed in the Lok Sabha by 381 votes to six, and in the Rajya Sabha by 167 votes to seven. In her own speech, the prime minister invited 'the princes to join the elite of the modern age, the elite which earns respect by its talent, energy and contribution to human progress, all of which can only be done when we work together as equals without regarding anybody as of special status.' " (page 441). 6. Cheesman, David (1997). Landlord power and rural indebtedness in colonial Sind, 1865–1901. London: Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7007-0470-5. Quote: "The Indian princes survived the British Raj by only a few years. The Indian republic stripped them of their powers and then their titles." (page 10). 7. Merriam-Webster, Inc (1997), Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary, Merriam-Webster, p. 520, ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9 Quote: "Indian States: "Various (formerly) semi-independent areas in India ruled by native princes .... Under British rule ... administered by residents assisted by political agents. Titles and remaining privileges of princes abolished by Indian government 1971." (page 520). 8. Ward, Philip (September 1989), Northern India, Rajasthan, Agra, Delhi: a travel guide, Pelican Publishing, p. 91, ISBN 978-0-88289-753-0 Quote: "A monarchy is only as good as the reigning monarch: thus it is with the princely states. Once they seemed immutable, invincible. In 1971 they were "derecognized," their privileges, privy purses and titles all abolished at a stroke" (page 91)
↑ "Dr. Karan Singh".
↑ Karan echoes Omar, but ‘J&K part of India’, Arun Sharma, Jammu, Sat 23 October 2010, The Indian Express Limited
↑ "NIIT University: Best University in India for B Tech, Integrated MBA, Ph. D Courses". niituniversity.in.
↑ "All set for Sansad TV launch; Karan Singh, Tharoor, Kant, Sanyal to host special shows". Tribune India.
↑ "PM Narendra Modi to launch Sansad TV on September 15: Report". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 10 September 2021 – via Press Trust of India.
↑ "PM Modi to launch Sansad TV on September 15, say sources". The Times of India.
↑ "Manmohan Singh awarded honorary doctorate degree by BHU | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
↑ "Take pride in India's heritage, culture: PM Modi at BHU convocation ceremony". Business Standard India. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
↑ "Quotations". populationmatters.org. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
↑ SINGH, KARAN. VERMA, RAGHAV. (2019). EXAMINED LIFE : essays and reflections by karan singh. [S.l.]: HARPERCOLLINS INDIA. ISBN 978-93-5357-023-1. OCLC 1100771553.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "An Examined Life". HarperCollins Publishers India. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

Detailed Profile: Dr. Karan Singh Government of India portal

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Post created following abdication of Hari Singh	Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir 1949–1952	Succeeded by Head of State of Jammu and Kashmir (Sadr-i-Riyasat)
Preceded by Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir	Head of State of Jammu and Kashmir (Sadr-i-Riyasat) 1952–1964	Succeeded by Succeeded by that of Governor of Jammu and Kashmir
Preceded by Head of State of Jammu and Kashmir (Sadr-i-Riyasat)	Governor of Jammu and Kashmir 1964–1967	Succeeded by Bhagwan Sahay
Preceded by Ministry established	Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation 13 March 1967 – 9 November 1973	Succeeded by R. Bahadur
Preceded by Uma Shankar Dikshit	Minister of Health and Family Planning 9 November 1973 – 24 March 1977	Succeeded by Raj Narain
Preceded by	Minister of Education and Culture 1979–1980	Succeeded by
Preceded by P.K. Kaul	Indian Ambassador to the United States 1989–1990	Succeeded by Abid Hussain

Template:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

[1] "Dr. Karan Singh". karansingh.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.

[auto-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Karan Singh on Accession of Kashmir to India". Outlook India magazine. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.

[3] "Ankit Love wants nomination of Dr Karan Singh & Bhim Singh for President and Vice President of India". News - Cross Town News, a Leading Newspaper of J&K. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

[4] Saraf, Nandini (2012). The Life and Times of Lokmanya Tilak. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 341. ISBN 9788184301526. Before leaving Srinagar he also had long talks with Yuvraj Karan Singh, who was then being pressed to become the Sadr-i-Riyasat - Head of State of the State.

[5] "Karan Singh elected BHU chancellor for 3rd time". The Times of India. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[6] "Madan Mohan Malaviya's grandson next BHU chancellor". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

[7] "I'm available for the top job: Karan Singh". Hindustan Times. PTI. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[8] "Ankit Love wants nomination of Dr Karan Singh & Bhim Singh for President and Vice President of India". Cross Town News. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[9] "Bhim Singh pitches Dr Karan Singh as next President", Daily Excelsior, 5 June 2017, archived from the original on 19 December 2021, retrieved 18 June 2017

[10] "Propose Dr. Karan Singh as next President: Prof. Bhim". JK Monitor. Retrieved 18 June 2017.

[11] "Karan Singh recalls his French Connection". NetIndian. Retrieved 22 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[12] "Rajya Sabha MP Karan Singh slams attempts to brand Hari Singh as communal". 28 January 2017.

[13] "Dr. Karan Singh Profile". Doon School. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009.

[14] "Jammu & Kashmir Dharmarth Trust - Maharani Yasho Rajya Lakshmi". Archived from the original on 24 September 2010.

[15] The Gwalior Royal Wedding Event covered in India Today

[16] Dr. Karan Singh Raj Bhawan, Jammu and Kashmir official website.

[FOOTNOTEPuri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir,_State_Politics_in_India2015229-17] Puri, Jammu and Kashmir, State Politics in India 2015, p. 229.

[18] "COUNCIL OF MINISTERS: GANDHI 2". kolumbus.fi. Retrieved 10 March 2018.

[19] "COUNCIL OF MINISTERS: GANDHI 3". kolumbus.fi. Retrieved 10 March 2018.

[20] "The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971", indiacode.nic.in, Government of India, 1971, retrieved 9 November 2011

[21] 1. Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian princes and their states. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4., "Through a constitutional amendment passed in 1971, Indira Gandhi stripped the princes of the titles, privy purses and regal privileges which her father's government had granted." (p 278). 2. Naipaul, V. S. (2003), India: A Wounded Civilization, Random House Digital, Inc., p. 37, ISBN 978-1-4000-3075-0 Quote: "The princes of India – their number and variety reflecting to a large extent the chaos that had come to the country with the break up of the Mughal empire – had lost real power in the British time. Through generations of idle servitude they had grown to specialize only in style. A bogus, extinguishable glamour: in 1947, with Independence, they had lost their state, and Mrs. Gandhi in 1971 had, without much public outcry, abolished their privy purses and titles." (pp 37–38). 3. Schmidt, Karl J. (1995), An atlas and survey of South Asian history, M.E. Sharpe, p. 78, ISBN 978-1-56324-334-9 Quote: "Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses." (page 78). 4. Breckenridge, Carol Appadurai (1995), Consuming modernity: public culture in a South Asian world, U of Minnesota Press, p. 84, ISBN 978-0-8166-2306-8 Quote: "The third stage in the political evolution of the princes from rulers to citizens occurred in 1971, when the constitution ceased to recognize them as princes and their privy purses, titles, and special privileges were abolished." (page 84). 5. Guha, Ramachandra (2008), India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy, HarperCollins, p. 441, ISBN 978-0-06-095858-9 Quote: "Her success at the polls emboldened Mrs. Gandhi to act decisively against the princes. Through 1971, the two sides tried and failed to find a settlement. The princes were willing to forgo their privy purses, but hoped at least to save their titles. But with her overwhelming majority in Parliament, the prime minister had no need to compromise. On 2 December, she introduced a bill to amend the constitution and abolish all princely privileges. It was passed in the Lok Sabha by 381 votes to six, and in the Rajya Sabha by 167 votes to seven. In her own speech, the prime minister invited 'the princes to join the elite of the modern age, the elite which earns respect by its talent, energy and contribution to human progress, all of which can only be done when we work together as equals without regarding anybody as of special status.' " (page 441). 6. Cheesman, David (1997). Landlord power and rural indebtedness in colonial Sind, 1865–1901. London: Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7007-0470-5. Quote: "The Indian princes survived the British Raj by only a few years. The Indian republic stripped them of their powers and then their titles." (page 10). 7. Merriam-Webster, Inc (1997), Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary, Merriam-Webster, p. 520, ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9 Quote: "Indian States: "Various (formerly) semi-independent areas in India ruled by native princes .... Under British rule ... administered by residents assisted by political agents. Titles and remaining privileges of princes abolished by Indian government 1971." (page 520). 8. Ward, Philip (September 1989), Northern India, Rajasthan, Agra, Delhi: a travel guide, Pelican Publishing, p. 91, ISBN 978-0-88289-753-0 Quote: "A monarchy is only as good as the reigning monarch: thus it is with the princely states. Once they seemed immutable, invincible. In 1971 they were "derecognized," their privileges, privy purses and titles all abolished at a stroke" (page 91)

[22] "Dr. Karan Singh".

[23] Karan echoes Omar, but ‘J&K part of India’, Arun Sharma, Jammu, Sat 23 October 2010, The Indian Express Limited

[24] "NIIT University: Best University in India for B Tech, Integrated MBA, Ph. D Courses". niituniversity.in.

[25] "All set for Sansad TV launch; Karan Singh, Tharoor, Kant, Sanyal to host special shows". Tribune India.

[26] "PM Narendra Modi to launch Sansad TV on September 15: Report". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 10 September 2021 – via Press Trust of India.

[27] "PM Modi to launch Sansad TV on September 15, say sources". The Times of India.

[28] "Manmohan Singh awarded honorary doctorate degree by BHU | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

[29] "Take pride in India's heritage, culture: PM Modi at BHU convocation ceremony". Business Standard India. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

[30] "Quotations". populationmatters.org. Retrieved 3 July 2014.

[31] SINGH, KARAN. VERMA, RAGHAV. (2019). EXAMINED LIFE : essays and reflections by karan singh. [S.l.]: HARPERCOLLINS INDIA. ISBN 978-93-5357-023-1. OCLC 1100771553.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[32] "An Examined Life". HarperCollins Publishers India. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

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v t e Padma Vibhushan award recipients
Arts	Ebrahim Alkazi Kishori Amonkar Amitabh Bachchan Teejan Bai M. Balamuralikrishna T. Balasaraswati Asha Bhosle Nandalal Bose Hariprasad Chaurasia Girija Devi Kumar Gandharva Adoor Gopalakrishnan Satish Gujral Gangubai Hangal Bhupen Hazarika M. F. Husain Ilaiyaraaja Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer Bhimsen Joshi Ali Akbar Khan Amjad Ali Khan Allauddin Khan Bismillah Khan Ghulam Mustafa Khan Yamini Krishnamurthy Dilip Kumar R. K. Laxman Birju Maharaj Kishan Maharaj Lata Mangeshkar Sonal Mansingh Mallikarjun Mansur Zubin Mehta Mario Miranda Chhannulal Mishra Kelucharan Mohapatra Raghunath Mohapatra Jasraj Motiram Benode Behari Mukherjee Hrishikesh Mukherjee Rajinikanth Ram Narayan D. K. Pattammal K. Shankar Pillai Balwant Moreshwar Purandare Akkineni Nageswara Rao Kaloji Narayana Rao Satyajit Ray S. H. Raza Zohra Sehgal Uday Shankar Ravi Shankar V. Shantaram Shivkumar Sharma Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman M. S. Subbulakshmi K. G. Subramanyan Kapila Vatsyayan Homai Vyarawalla K. J. Yesudas
Civil Service	Bimala Prasad Chaliha Naresh Chandra T. N. Chaturvedi Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri Suranjan Das Rajeshwar Dayal Basanti Devi P. N. Dhar Jyotindra Nath Dixit M. S. Gill Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim H. V. R. Iyengar Bhola Nath Jha Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi Ajudhiya Nath Khosla Rai Krishnadasa V. Krishnamurthy P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam Pratap Chandra Lal K. B. Lall Sam Manekshaw Om Prakash Mehra Mohan Sinha Mehta M. G. K. Menon Brajesh Mishra Sumati Morarjee A. Ramasamy Mudaliar Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan Braj Kumar Nehru Bhairab Dutt Pande Ghananand Pande Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit T. V. Rajeswar C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao V. K. R. V. Rao Khusro Faramurz Rustamji Harish Chandra Sarin Binay Ranjan Sen Homi Sethna Arjan Singh Harbaksh Singh Kirpal Singh Manmohan Singh Tarlok Singh Lallan Prasad Singh Balaram Sivaraman Chandrika Prasad Srivastava T. Swaminathan Arun Shridhar Vaidya Dharma Vira Narinder Nath Vohra
Literature and Education	V. S. R. Arunachalam Jagdish Bhagwati Satyendra Nath Bose Tara Chand Suniti Kumar Chatterji D. P. Chattopadhyaya Bhabatosh Datta Avinash Dixit Mahasweta Devi John Kenneth Galbraith Sarvepalli Gopal Lakshman Shastri Joshi Kaka Kalelkar Dhondo Keshav Karve Gopinath Kaviraj Kuvempu O. N. V. Kurup Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Sitakant Mahapatra John Mathai Kotha Satchidananda Murthy Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri Bal Ram Nanda R. K. Narayan P. Parameswaran Amrita Pritam K. N. Raj C. Rangarajan Raja Rao Ramoji Rao Hormasji Maneckji Seervai Rajaram Shastri Kalu Lal Shrimali Govindbhai Shroff Khushwant Singh Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey Mahadevi Varma Bashir Hussain Zaidi
Medicine	Jasbir Singh Bajaj B. K. Goyal Purshotam Lal A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar S. I. Padmavati Autar Singh Paintal Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti Balu Sankaran V. Shanta Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar Prakash Narain Tandon Brihaspati Dev Triguna M. S. Valiathan
Other	Sunderlal Bahuguna B. K. S. Iyengar Rambhadracharya Ravi Shankar Vishwesha Teertha Jaggi Vasudev
Public Affairs	L. K. Advani Montek Singh Ahluwalia Aruna Asaf Ali Fazal Ali Adarsh Sein Anand Madhav Shrihari Aney Parkash Singh Badal Sikander Bakht Milon K. Banerji Mirza Hameedullah Beg P. N. Bhagwati Raja Chelliah Chandra Kisan Daphtary Niren De C. D. Deshmukh Anthony Lancelot Dias Uma Shankar Dikshit Kazi Lhendup Dorjee George Fernandes P. B. Gajendragadkar Benjamin Gilman Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Zakir Husain V. R. Krishna Iyer Jagmohan Lakshmi Chand Jain Arun Jaitley Aditya Nath Jha Murli Manohar Joshi Anerood Jugnauth Mehdi Nawaz Jung Ali Yavar Jung Vijay Kelkar Hans Raj Khanna V. N. Khare Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai Jivraj Narayan Mehta V. K. Krishna Menon Hirendranath Mukherjee Ajoy Mukherjee Pranab Mukherjee Padmaja Naidu Gulzarilal Nanda Govind Narain Fali Sam Nariman Hosei Norota Nanabhoy Palkhivala K. Parasaran Hari Vinayak Pataskar Sunder Lal Patwa Sharad Pawar Naryana Raghvan Pillai Sri Prakasa N. G. Ranga Ravi Narayana Reddy Y. Venugopal Reddy Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq Lakshmi Sahgal P. A. Sangma M. C. Setalvad Karan Singh Nagendra Singh Swaran Singh Walter Sisulu Soli Sorabjee Kalyan Sundaram Sushma Swaraj Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi Atal Bihari Vajpayee M. N. Venkatachaliah Kottayan Katankot Venugopal Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
Science and Engineering	V. K. Aatre Salim Ali Norman Borlaug Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Rajagopala Chidambaram Charles Correa Satish Dhawan Anil Kakodkar A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan Har Gobind Khorana Daulat Singh Kothari Verghese Kurien Raghunath Anant Mashelkar G. Madhavan Nair Roddam Narasimha Jayant Narlikar Rajendra K. Pachauri Benjamin Peary Pal Yash Pal I. G. Patel Venkatraman Ramakrishnan K. R. Ramanathan Raja Ramanna C. R. Rao C. N. R. Rao Palle Rama Rao Udupi Ramachandra Rao Vikram Sarabhai Man Mohan Sharma Obaid Siddiqi E. Sreedharan M. R. Srinivasan George Sudarshan M. S. Swaminathan Narinder Singh Kapany
Social Work	Baba Amte Pandurang Shastri Athavale Janaki Devi Bajaj Mirabehn Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay Durgabai Deshmukh Nanaji Deshmukh Nirmala Deshpande Mohan Dharia U. N. Dhebar Valerian Gracias Veerendra Heggade Mary Clubwala Jadhav Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta Usha Mehta Sister Nirmala Nellie Sengupta
Sports	Viswanathan Anand Edmund Hillary Mary Kom Sachin Tendulkar
Trade and Industry	Dhirubhai Ambani Ghanshyam Das Birla Ashok Sekhar Ganguly Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan Lakshmi Mittal Anil Manibhai Naik N. R. Narayana Murthy M. Narasimham Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi Azim Premji Prathap C. Reddy J. R. D. Tata Ratan Tata
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