From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia
Walt Whitman , often described as the United States' national poet
A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture .[1] The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism , as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states , as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.[1]
Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets." Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.[2] Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",[3] with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".[4]
The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereign states or countries , though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation " (as cultural concept), "country " (as geographical concept) and "state " (as political concept) are not synonyms .
Country
Poet
Afghanistan
Rumi , Khushal Khattak [6]
Azerbaijan
Fuzûlî , Imadaddin Nasimi , Samad Vurgun
Bangladesh
Kazi Nazrul Islam
China
Du Fu , Li Bai , Lu Xun , Luo Binwang , Wang Bo , Lu Zhaolin , Song Zhiwen , Du Shenyan , Yang Jiong , Chen Zi'ang , Zhang Jiuling , Wang Wei , Meng Haoran , Huangfu Ran , Wang Changling , He Zhizhang , Wang Zhihuan , Liu Zongyuan , Han Yu , Bai Juyi , Du Mu , Su Shi , Huang Tingjian , Wang Anshi , Li Qingzhao , Yue Fei , Mi Fu , Cai Xiang , Xin Qiji , Fan Zhongyan , Fan Chengda , Yan Shu , Su Zhe , Sima Guang , Lu You , Ouyang Xiu , Wen Tianxiang
Cambodia
Preah Botumthera Som , Krom Ngoy , Chuon Nath
India
Valmiki , Jhaverchand Meghani , Vedavyasa , Kalidasa , Amir Khusrau , Daagh Dehlvi , Ghalib , Mir Taqi Mir , Tulsidas , Maithili Sharan Gupt , Rabindranath Tagore , Ramdhari Singh Dinkar , Subramanya Bharathi , Kuvempu , Harivansh Rai Bachchan , M. Govinda Pai , G.S. Shivarudrappa , Pradeep , Sohan Lal Dwivedi
Indonesia
Chairil Anwar
Iran
Ferdowsi , Rumi , Hafez , Attar , Abu Sa'eed , Sanai , Rudaki , Nezami Ganjavi , Saadi , Omar Khayyám , Nasir Khusraw , Vahshi Bafqi , Aref Qazvini , Nima Yooshij , Simin Behbahani , Adib Boroumand , Mohammad-Taqi Bahar , Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar , Parvin E'tesami , hushang ebtehaj , ahmad shamlou , forugh farrokhzad , Akhavān-Sāless
Iraq
Al-Mutanabbi , Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi , Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri , Badr Shakir al-Sayyab , Muthaffar al-Nawab , Nazik Al-Malaika , Ahmed Matar , Saadi Youssef , Lamia Abbas , Maruf al Rusafi
Israel
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Japan
Koizumi Yakumo , Murasaki Shikibu , Matsuo Bashō , Kobayashi Issa , Ishikawa Takuboku , Tanikawa Shuntaro
Jordan
Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal
Kazakhstan
Abai Qunanbaiuli
Korea
Cho Ki-chon ,[7] Yun Dongju , Han Yong-un , Park Mok-wol , Jeong Cheol
Template:Country data Kurdistan
Khana Qubadi , Ahmad Khani , Haji Qadir Koyi , Faqi Tayran , Sherko Bekas , Malaye Jaziri
Kyrgyzstan
Toktogul Satylganov
Lebanon
Kahlil Gibran , Said Akl
Malaysia
Usman Awang
Mongolia
Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj , Byambyn Rinchen , Hadaa Sendoo
Myanmar
Min Thu Wun
Nepal
Madhav Prasad Ghimire
Pakistan
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Palestine
Mahmoud Darwish
Philippines
Francisco Balagtas
Saudi Arabia
Ghazi Abdul Rahman Al Gosaibi
Sri Lanka
Ananda Samarakoon
Syria
Adunis , Nizar Qabbani
Taiwan
Loa Ho , Yu Kwang-chung , Luo Fu (poet) , Yang Mu
Tajikistan
Rudaki , Ferdowsi , Saadi , Molavi , Nasir Khusraw , Sadriddin Ayni , Gulnazar Keldi
Thailand
Thammathibet , Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai (disputed), Sunthorn Phu , Vajiravudh , Thommayanti
Turkmenistan
Magtymguly Pyragy
Uzbekistan
Abdulla Oripov , Erkin Vohidov , Gʻafur Gʻulom , Mirtemir
Vietnam
Nguyễn Du , Nguyễn Đình Chiểu , Hàn Mặc Tử
Yemen
Abdullah Al-Baradouni
Country
Poet
Albania
Gjergj Fishta , Naim Frashëri
Andorra
Albert Salvadó
Armenia
Grigor Narekatsi , Sayat-Nova , Hovhannes Tumanyan , Yeghishe Charents
Austria
Franz Grillparzer , Peter Rosegger , Johann Nepomuk Nestroy
Belarus
Yanka Kupala , Yakub Kolas
Belgium
Emile Verhaeren , Maurice Maeterlinck
Template:Country data Catalonia
Jacint Verdaguer
Template:Country data Galicia
Rosalía de Castro , Eduardo Pondal , Afonso X , Castelao
Template:Country data Flanders
Hendrik Conscience , Guido Gezelle , Hugo Claus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Izet Sarajlić , Aleksa Šantić , Mak Dizdar
Bulgaria
Hristo Botev ,[8] Ivan Vazov
Croatia
Marko Marulić , Miroslav Krleža
Cyprus
Vasilis Michaelides
Czech Republic
Karel Hynek Mácha , Božena Němcová , Jan Neruda
Denmark
Adam Oehlenschläger , Søren Kierkegaard
Faroe Islands
William Heinesen
England
Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare ,[9] William Blake , William Wordsworth , Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Estonia
Lydia Koidula , Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
Finland
Eino Leino ,[10] Johan Ludvig Runeberg [11]
France
Victor Hugo , Charles Baudelaire
Georgia
Shota Rustaveli
Germany
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Friedrich von Schiller
Gibraltar
Héctor Licudi
Greece
Homer , Dionysios Solomos
Template:Country data Guernsey
George Métivier
Hungary
Sándor Petőfi , János Arany
Iceland
Jónas Hallgrímsson , Hallgrímur Pétursson
Ireland
Thomas Moore , William Butler Yeats , Seamus Heaney
Template:Country data Isle of Man
T. E. Brown
Italy
Dante Alighieri , Giosuè Carducci , Giacomo Leopardi , Ugo Foscolo , Gabriele D'Annunzio
Latvia
Rainis , Andrejs Pumpurs
Liechtenstein
Peter Kaiser
Lithuania
Kristijonas Donelaitis , Maironis
Luxembourg
Edmond de la Fontaine , Michel Rodange , Michel Lentz
Malta
Dun Karm Psaila
Moldova
Grigore Vieru , Mihai Eminescu
Monaco
Louis Notari
Montenegro
Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
Netherlands
Joost van den Vondel , Jacob Cats
Template:Country data Friesland
Gysbert Japicx (or Japiks)
North Macedonia
Kočo Racin , Georgi Pulevski and Kole Nedelkovski
Norway
Henrik Wergeland
Poland
Jan Kochanowski , Adam Mickiewicz , Juliusz Słowacki , Zygmunt Krasiński , Cyprian Norwid
Portugal
Luís de Camões , Fernando Pessoa
Romania
Mihai Eminescu
Russia
Alexander Pushkin
Template:Country data Dagestan
Rasul Gamzatov
Template:Country data North Ossetia-Alania
Kosta Khetagurov
San Marino
Pio Chiaruzzi
Scotland
Robert Burns , Hugh MacDiarmid , Hamish Henderson , Robert Tannahill
Serbia
Petar II Petrović-Njegoš , Vladislav Petković Dis , Oskar Davičo , Desanka Maksimović (Yugoslavia , Serbia and Montenegro )[12]
Kosovo
Din Mehmeti , Ali Podrimja
Slovakia
Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav
Slovenia
France Prešeren
Spain
Miguel de Cervantes , Lope de Vega ,[1] Federico García Lorca
Sweden
Carl Michael Bellman , Gustaf Fröding , Verner von Heidenstam , Esaias Tegnér
Switzerland
Gottfried Keller , Carl Spitteler
Turkey
Mehmet Akif Ersoy , Nâzım Hikmet
Ukraine
Taras Shevchenko , Ivan Franko , Lesya Ukrainka
Wales
Dylan Thomas , Dafydd ap Gwilym
North America [ edit ]
Country (or region)
Poets
Barbados
Kamau Brathwaite
Canada
Pauline Johnson , John McCrae , Margaret Atwood , Lucy Maud Montgomery
Quebec
Gilles Vigneault , Félix Leclerc , Gaston Miron , Gérald Godin , Émile Nelligan , Octave Crémazie
Cuba
José Martí , Lezama Lima ,[13] Nicolás Guillén [14]
Costa Rica
Aquileo J. Echeverría , Carmen Lyra
Dominican Republic
Pedro Mir
Guatemala
Miguel Ángel Asturias
Haiti
Jacques Roumain
Jamaica
Claude McKay
Mexico
Ramón López Velarde , Octavio Paz
Nicaragua
Rubén Darío
Panama
Ricardo Miró [15]
Saint Lucia
Derek Walcott [16]
Puerto Rico
Julia de Burgos ,[17] Giannina Braschi ,[18] Juan Antonio Corretjer ,[19] Lola Rodríguez de Tió ,[20] Nimia Vicéns [21]
United States
Walt Whitman ,[22] [23] Emily Dickinson , Robert Frost , Langston Hughes , Maya Angelou , Gwendolyn Brooks [24]
Oceania [ edit ]
South America [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nemoianu, Virgil (2002). Esterhammer, Angela (ed.). "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry . John Benjamins Publishing. p. 537. ISBN 9789027234506 .
↑ "Our National Poets," Ricardo Blanco, Academy of American Poets, 2020. https://poets.org/our-national-poets
↑ John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., Figures of National Poets (2004), p. 11.
↑ Michael Baron, Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing (1995), p. 13.
↑ J. Cameron; W. A. Dodd (17 May 2014). Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research . Elsevier Science. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-4831-5914-0 .
↑ Morgenstierne, G. (1960). "Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society . 47 : 49–57. doi :10.1080/03068376008731684 .
↑ 기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]<백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산> (in 한국어). Korean American National Coordinating Council . 23 September 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2020 .
↑ Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine , Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007
↑ Michael Dobson (17 November 1994), The Making of the National Poet - Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769 , Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-818323-5
↑ "Kansallisrunoilija pelkäsi kansaa" , Yleisradio (in Finnish), Helsinki: Yleisradio, 2017, retrieved 7 February 2021 {{citation }}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link )
↑ "kansallisrunoilija" , Kielitoimiston sanakirja (in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus, 2020, retrieved 7 February 2021 {{citation }}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link )
↑ Balazsr2=Michal Kopecek (1 November 2006). National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements . Central European University Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-963-7326-60-8 . Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...]
↑ "José Lezama Lima | Cuban author" . Encyclopedia Britannica .
↑ Foundation, Poetry (25 December 2020). "Nicolás Guillén" . Poetry Foundation .
↑ Daniel Balderston, Mike (2004). Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003 . Routledge. p. 666. ISBN 0-415-30687-6 .
↑ Cole, Teju (21 February 2014). "Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)" – via NYTimes.com.
↑ "Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)" . 3 May 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
↑ Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. ISBN 9780822946182
↑ García, Marta Yazmín (7 November 2008). "Alabanza al poeta nacional" [Praise to the national poet]. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (in español). Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2021 .
↑ Rojas, Enrique (2 February 2015). "Cuba y Puerto Rico tienen la presión" [Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure]. ESPN Deportes.com (in español). Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021 .
↑ Tió, Elsa (12 August 2020). "Nimia Vicéns: Corazón de la patria con semillas silvestres en sus versos" [Nimia Vicéns: Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses]. El Adoquín Times (in español). Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021 .
↑ Nathanael O'Reilly, "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass Template:'- ", Irish Journal of American Studies .
↑ O'Reilly, Nathanael (2009). "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass" . Irish Journal of American Studies . 1 : 1–9. Retrieved 11 October 2020 .
↑ Foundation, Poetry (25 December 2020). "Gwendolyn Brooks" . Poetry Foundation .
↑ James Woodall, Borges: A Life , Basic Books (1996). ISBN 0-465-04361-5 . Relevant excerpt available on the New York Times web site, accessed 9 March 2007.
↑ "Gabriela Mistral" . National Women's History Museum .
Further reading [ edit ]
Template:Global Poets Laureate
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Template:National symbols
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