List of national symbols of the Republic of India

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia

The modern Republic of India (Hindi: भारत के राष्‍ट्रीय चिन्ह); has several official National symbols including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just 21 days before Independence, on the 24th of July in 1947. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, fruit, flower and tree. These have all been selected carefully to project the image of to reflect Indian culture and beliefs and also the positive tributes often associated with Indian traditions respectively.

Other Indian National and Official symbols[edit]

"(Official name) भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Republic of India".

The Name of the Country

Religions of India is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Republic of India is officially a Secular state and has No "State religion". The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.[1]

There is no hand to catch time. To give jewels to a donkey is as stupid as giving a eunuch to a woman. He who dreams for too long will become like his shadow. To control the mind is like trying to control a drunken monkey that has been bitten by a scorpion. Whoever eats a pancake never counts the holes in it. The thief that is not caught is a King. When you are in difficulty, go to the house of your friend — not your sister’s. He who does not climb, will not fall either. When an elephant is in trouble, even a frog will kick him. The man who has mounted an elephant will not fear the bark of a dog. What good is giving sugar to the dead? When a camel is at the foot of a mountain only then judge his height. It is hard for an ex-king to become a night watchman. Where the needle goes, the thread follows. Don’t eat your bread on someone Else’s table.

Symbol Name Image References
National personification Bharatmata भारताम्बा ("Mother Goddess India") Bharat Mata at Jatiya Shaktipeeth, Kolkata.jpg [2]
National flag Flag of India तिरंगा ("Tiraṅgā") Flag of India.svg [3]
National emblem State emblem of India भारत का राजचिह्न ("Official Coat of Arms") AshokaLions.jpg [4]
National motto Satyameva Jayate Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते ("Truth Alone Triumphs") Emblem of India.svg [5]
Father of the Nation महान आत्मा ("The Great Soul of India") Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi राष्ट्रपिता ("Bapu Ji") Mahatma-Gandhi, studio, 1931.jpg [6]
Mother of the Nation राष्ट्रमाता Sarojini Chattopadhyay Naidu भारत की कोकिला ("Nightingale of India") Sarojini Naidu 1964 stamp of India.jpg [7]
National patron saint Hadrat Fakir Sai Baba of Shirdi शिरडी साईं बाबा Shirdi Sai Baba 2.jpg [8]
National hero ("Defender of Indian Nationalism") Bal Keshav Gangadhar Tilak स्वदेशी नेता ("Swadeshi Leader") Bal Gangadhar Tilak crop.jpg [9]
National poet Rabindranath Tagore गुरुदेव ("Gurudev") Rabindranath Tagore unknown location.jpg [10][11][12]
National anthem Jana Gana Mana राष्ट्रगान ("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People") Jana Gana Mana sheet music.jpgFile:आज़ाद हिंद फ़ौज कौमी तराना.ogg [13]
National song Sare Jahan se Accha राष्ट्रीय गीत ("Tarāna-e-Hind") [14]
National slogan/National March Vande Mataram राष्ट्रीय जुलूस ("I praise thee, O Motherland") A rare painting of our national song, Vande Mataram, published in 1923.jpg [15]
National Cry राष्ट्रीय युद्ध का नारा Jai Hind/Bharatmata Jee ("Victory to India") हिन्दुस्तान ज़िन्दाबाद 1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg [16][17][18]
National days Independence day स्वतंत्रता दिवस (भारत)
Republic Day (India) गणतन्त्र दिवस (भारत) 		Republic day parade (India) montage.jpg [19]
Non-National language status declared Hindustani/Hindavi हिन्दवी
Indian English भारतीय अंग्रेजी भाषा ("Officialised languages") 		Hindi.svg
India Gate, detail, New Delhi.jpg 		[20][21]
State language भारत की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ Languages with official status in India
Main article: Languages of India
 		Indian-languages-map.jpg [22]
National Official map of Great India Survey of India Rivers and lakes topo map.png [23]
National deity ॐ नमः शिवाय।। Shiva/Mahadeva ("The Deity of Deities" or "The Great Yogi") IMG j257.jpg [24][25]
National weapon राष्ट्रीय रक्षात्मक हथियार Trishul/Trident त्रिशूल Trishula.svg
National epic राष्ट्रीय महाकाव्य Mahabharata ("Great Epic of Ancient India") Kurukshetra.jpg [26][27]
Iconic symbols प्रतिष्ठित प्रतीक Ashoka Chakra ("The Law of the Wheel")
Religion in India ("Official") 		Ashoka Chakra.svg
ReligiousSymbolsIndian.PNG 		[28]
National book राष्ट्रीय पुस्तक Bhagavad Gita श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता BhagavadGita-19th-century-Illustrated-Sanskrit-Chapter 1.20.21.jpg [29]
National colours राष्ट्रीय रंग Saffron, White and Green    

Sky blue (sports)  
National passport Indian passport राष्ट्रीय पहचान Indian Passport cover 2015.jpg
National airline Air India ध्वज वाहक ("Flag carrier") Air.india.b747-400.onground.arp.jpg [30]
National currency Indian rupee भारतीय रुपया (₹/Rs. INR) Banknote of india.jpg [31]
National dresses ("Indian garments") Sari साड़ी ("female") Dhoti धोती ("male") Sari 2.jpg
Dhoti clothing.jpg 		[32][33]
National media and film industry Bollywood/Hindi cinema बॉलीवुड India film clapperboard.svg [34][35]
National calendar Saka calendar भारतीय राष्ट्रीय पंचांग Almanac 1911.jpg [36]
National flower राष्ट्रीय फूल Indian Lotus/Sacred Lotus पवित्र कमल ("Cultural") Nelumbo-nucifera-3- 1200.jpg
National tree राष्ट्रीय वृक्ष Banyan fig वटवृक्षः ("Religious") Banyan tree Ananthagiri.jpg [37]
National fruit राष्ट्रीय फल Mango आम ("Official") Alphonso mango.jpg [38][39]
National vegetable राष्ट्रीय सब्जी Indian pumpkin टिण्डा ("Official") Indian pumpkin.jpg [40]
National dish राष्ट्रीय खाना Khichdi खिचड़ी ("Traditional cuisine") Khichdi (Khichrri).JPG [41]
National spice राष्ट्रीय मसाला Turmeric/Haldi हल्दी Curcuma longa roots.jpg
Tinh-bot-nghe 61.jpg
National crop राष्ट्रीय फसल Rice चावल ("Agrarian and Staple") कृषि और प्रधान Paddy cultivation in Nagaon.jpg [42]
National beverage राष्ट्रीय पेय पदार्थ Lassi लस्सी ("National Yoghurt drink") Cool Lassi.jpg [43]
National confectionery राष्ट्रीय मिठाई Laddu लड्डू Ladu on plate.JPG [44][45]
National pets राष्ट्रीय पालतू Indian spitz भारतीय स्पिट्ज
Blue-winged parakeet/Malabar parakeet 		Indian spitz adult.JPG
2005-malabar-parkeet-p.jpg 		[46]
National dove/pigeon राष्ट्रीय डव/कबूतर Asian emerald dove भारतीय स्पिट्ज
Jacobin pigeon जैकोबिन कबूतर 		Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica by Female Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN1106 (7).jpg
Par bijelih perikera.jpg 		[47][48]
National horse breed राष्ट्रीय घोड़ा नस्ल Marwari horse/Malani मारवाड़ी घोड़ा MarwariHorseRajasthan.jpg

Marwari Stallion.jpg
National feral राष्ट्रीय जंगली Indian Halari Donkey भारतीय हलारी गधा Carrying Water in Thar.JPG
National poultry/fowl राष्ट्रीय मुर्गी Kadaknath/Kali Masi कड़कनाथ/काली मासी கடக்நாத் சேவல்.jpg [49]
National buffalo/cattle राष्ट्रीय भैंस/मवेशी Indian Nagpuri Buffalo भारतीय नागपुरी भैंस

Brahman cattle ब्राह्मण मवेशी 		Buffalo at Chinawal.jpg

GTM Brahmans cow and calf.jpg
National sheep/goat राष्ट्रीय बकरी/भेड़ Magra sheep/Bikaneri Chokhla मगर भेड़/बीकानेरी चोखला Jamnapari goat जमनापारी बकरी Magra Sheep Flock.JPG

Jamunapari Buck.jpg 		[50][51]
National guard dog राष्ट्रीय कुत्ता नस्ल Indian Pariah dog/South Asian Pye dog or Desi Dog देसी कुत्ता An Indian Street Dog.jpg
National animal राष्ट्रीय जानवर Indian elephant भारतीय हाथी ("Official animal") I am Big.jpg [52][53][54]
National birds राष्ट्रीय पक्षी Green peafowl/Blue peafowl भारतीय मोर ("Official bird") Green Peafowl Pavo muticus Manipur by Raju Kasambe..jpg
National bird - Peacock.jpg 		[46]
National aquatic marine mammal राष्ट्रीय जलीय समुद्री स्तनपायी Ganges river dolphin गंगा नदी डॉल्फिन [55]
National social mammal राष्ट्रीय सामाजिक स्तनपायी Gray langur/Hanuman langur हनुमान लंगूर Gray Langur crippled mother.jpg [56]
National bird of prey राष्ट्रीय शिकारी पक्षी Red-backed sea eagle/Brahminy kite fish eagle ब्राह्मिनी चील ("Insignia of IAF") भारतीय वायु सेना Brahminy Kite in Sundarban.jpgBadge of the Indian Air Force.png [46]
National predator राष्ट्रीय दरिंदा Indian lion एशियाई सिंह Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg [46]
National heritage animal राष्ट्रीय विरासत पशु Tiger बाघ ("Official") Panthera tigris5.jpg [46]
National heritage bird राष्ट्रीय विरासत पक्षी Sarus crane सारस क्रेन Sarus Crane I IMG 8628.jpg [57][58]
National reptile राष्ट्रीय साँप King cobra/Snake Eater नागराज (सांप) King cobra.jpg [46]
National butterfly राष्ट्रीय तितली Kaiser-i-Hind कैसर-ए-हिंद Teinopalpus imperialis verso.JPG [59][60]
National fish राष्ट्रीय मछली Indian mackerel भारतीय मैकेरल Indian Mackere.JPG
National amphibians राष्ट्रीय उभयचर Red Knobby Crocodile Newt/Crocodile Salamander हिमालय न्यूट/सैलामैंडर

Pignose frog बैंगनी मेढक का बच्चा

Krokodilmolch-01.jpg
Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis Davidraju IMG 3613.jpg 		[46]
National insect राष्ट्रीय कीट Giant Forest Scorpion विशाल वन बिच्छू Giant forest scorpion.JPG [46]
National Oceanic creatures Whale shark व्हेल शार्क Indian Ocean humpback dolphin हिंद महासागर हम्पबैक डॉल्फ़िन Dharavandhoo Thila - Whale Shark.jpg
Dolphin-Musandam 2.jpg
National microbe राष्ट्रीय सूक्ष्म जीव Lactobacillus bulgaricus 20101210 014809 LactobacillusBulgaricus.jpg [61]
National fossil राष्ट्रीय जीवाश्म Asian Straight-tusked Elephant प्राचीन भारतीय हाथी Largest land mammals size chart.jpg [62]
National hog creature राष्ट्रीय सुअर Moupin pig/Indian Wild boar मौपिन सुअर/भारतीय जंगली सूअर Sus scrofa cristatus.jpg [63]
National river राष्ट्रीय नदी Ganges River/Holy River गंगा/पवित्र नदी ("National lifeline of India") भारत की राष्ट्रीय जीवन रेखा Ganga the soul of India.jpg [64]
National mountain राष्ट्रीय पर्वत Nanda Devi नंदा देवी ("Sacred peak") पवित्र शिखर Cloud crowned mountain.jpg [65]
National lake राष्ट्रीय झील Lake Nakki नक्की झील Nakki Lake, Mount Abu, Rajasthan.jpg [66]
National mineral राष्ट्रीय खनिज Iron ore लौह अयस्क Iron ore3.JPG [67]
National gemstone राष्ट्रीय मणि पत्थर Blue Sapphire/Star Sapphire नीलम ("Star of India") भारत का सितारा Star of India Gem.JPG [68]
National sport राष्ट्रीय खेल Field hockey खेत हॉकी ("Unofficial") Indian Hockey team.jpg [69]
National dance राष्ट्रीय नृत्य Bharatanatyam भरतनाट्यम ("Cultural dance") सांस्कृतिक नृत्य कहानी कहने Manjula 2.jpg [70][71][72][71]
National instrument राष्ट्रीय साधन Veena Vina वीणा ("Traditional instrument") पारंपरिक वाद्य यंत्र Veena.png [73]
National fort राष्ट्रीय किला Lal Qila लाल किला ("Red Fort Delhi") Red fort new delhi with indian flag.jpg [74]
National heritage राष्ट्रीय ऐतिहासिक धरोहर ("Historical") Elephanta Caves घारापुरी गुफाएँ ("The City of Caves") गुफाओं का शहर Elephanta caves3.jpg [75]
National Islamic shrine of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय इस्लामी मंदिर Ajmer Sharif Dargah अजमेर शरीफ दरगाह ("Ajmer Sharif") Ajmer dargah.png [76]
National Islamic heritage ("Imperial") राष्ट्रीय इस्लामी विरासत शाही Taj Mahal ताज महल ("Crown of the Palace") पैलेस का ताज Taj agost 05.jpg [77]
National mandir of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय मंदिर ("Santana Dharma Sacred Site") संताना धर्म पवित्र स्थल Akshardham Temple अक्षरधाम मंदिर, दिल्ली ("Hindu National Temple") हिंदू राष्ट्रीय मंदिर AkshyarDham Mandir.jpg [78][79]
National derasar of India राष्ट्रीय डेरा सर (Indian Sacred Jain Temple) भारतीय पवित्र जैन मंदिर Palitana Jain Temples पालिताना जैन मंदिर/Shri Shatrunjaya Tirtha श्री शत्रुंजय तीर्थ ("National Jain Dharam Temple of India") or ("City of Temples") मंदिरों का शहर Palitana.jpg [80][81]
National monastery of India राष्ट्रीय मठ (Indian Sacred Buddhist Temple) भारतीय पवित्र बौद्ध मंदिर Mahabodhi Temple महाबोधि मंदिर/"Great Awakening Temple" महान जागृत मंदिर ("National Budh Dharam Temple of India") Mahabodhitemple.jpg [82]
National gurdwara of India राष्ट्रीय गुरुद्वारा (Indian Sacred Sikh Temple) भारतीय पवित्र सिख मंदिर Golden Temple/Harmandir Darbār Sahib अमृत ​​हरमंदिर दरबार साहिब ("National Sikh Dharam Temple of India") Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg [83]
National mosque of India राष्ट्रीय मस्जिद (Islamic Place of Worship) इस्लामी पूजा स्थल Masjid e Jahan Numa/World-Reflecting Mosque/Great Delhi Friday Mosque ("National Muslim Dharam mosque of India") विश्व-परावर्तन मस्जिद Jama Masjid, Delhi, morning view.jpg
National park राष्ट्रीय सार्वजनिक पार्क Janeshwar Mishra Park जनेश्वर मिश्र उद्यान (Asia's Largest Urban Public Park) एशिया का सबसे बड़ा शहरी सार्वजनिक पार्क Janeshwar Mishra Park.jpg
National memorial राष्ट्रीय शहीद स्मारक Gandhi Smriti गाँधी स्मृति Gandhi Smriti Delhi.jpg [84]
National stadium राष्ट्रीय स्टेडियम Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi) जवाहरलाल नेहरू स्टेडियम (दिल्ली) Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Delhi outside view, July 2016.jpg
National monument राष्ट्रीय स्मारक India Gate इण्डिया गेट A View of India Gate.jpg [85]
National library National Library of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय National Library, Calcutta 2007.jpg [86][87][88]
National museum National Museum of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय संग्रहालय India national museum 01.jpg [89]
National passageway ("Traditional Trade-route") पारंपरिक व्यापार-मार्ग Bombay Gate गेटवे ऑफ़ इन्डिया ("National passageway of India") भारत का राष्ट्रीय मार्ग Gateway of India - HDR.jpg [90]
National beating retreat or flags lowering ceremony नेशनल बीटिंग रिट्रीट समारोह या झंडे कम समारोह (Since 1959 से) Joint-drill parade अटारी सीमा परेड ("Indo-Pakistani International Border") भारत-पाकिस्तान अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सीमा Indo Pak Wagha Border 5056.jpg [91]

Related pages[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Basu, Durga Das (2013). Introduction to the Constitution of India (21 ed.). LexisNexis. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-8038-918-4.
  2. ↑ Bharat Mata's third temple will be built in Kurukshetra, 5 acres of land will be near Jyotisar
  3. ↑ "Flag Code of India, 2002". Press Information Bureau. Government of India. 3 April 2002. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "State Emblem". Know India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  5. ↑ "Hindus laud Mick Jagger for singing in Sanskrit - Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  6. ↑ Nehru, Jawaharlal. An Autobiography. Bodley Head.
  7. ↑ Augestine, Seline (17 June 2017). "Nightingale of India". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  8. ↑ The Illustrated Weekly of India. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1981.
  9. ↑ What is Swaraj? Archived 2012-09-01[Date mismatch] at WebCite. Retrieved on July 12, 2007.
  10. ↑ de Silva, K. M.; Wriggins, Howard (1988). J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a Political Biography – Volume One: The First Fifty Years. University of Hawaii Press. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-8248-1183-9.
  11. ↑ "Man of the series: Nobel laureate Tagore". The Times of India. Times News Network. 3 April 2011.
  12. ↑ "How Tagore inspired Sri Lanka's national anthem". IBN Live. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  13. ↑ "Tagore and Jana Gana Mana". Monish R. Chatterjee.
  14. ↑ "Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator". India Today. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  15. ↑ "Vande Mataram". Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
  16. ↑ Singh, Sarina (2009). Lonely Planet India (13, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-74179-151-8.
  17. ↑ Forbes, Duncan (1958). A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani. W.H. Allen and Company. p. 307.
  18. ↑ Monier Monier-Williams. "jaya (जय)". Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009). Harvard University Press.
  19. ↑ "India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day". Efi-news.com. Eastern Fare. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012.
  20. ↑ Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010). "There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  21. ↑ Press Trust of India (25 January 2010). "Hindi, not a national language: Court". The Hindu. Ahmedabad. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  22. ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  23. ↑ On 250th birthday, Survey of India wants to shed its cloak of secrecy, Indian Express.
  24. ↑ Flood 1996, pp. 17, 153
  25. ↑ Sivaraman, K. (1973). Saivism in Philosophical Perspective: A Study of the Formative Concepts, Problems, and Methods of Saiva Siddhanta. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 131. ISBN 978-81-208-1771-5.
  26. ↑ Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
  27. ↑ Sharma, T.R.S.; Seshdri, C.K.; Gaur, June (2000). Ancient Indian Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-260-0794-3.
  28. ↑ "Untitled Document". Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  29. ↑ "Bhagavad Gita- manual of life". ISKCON Desire Tree | IDT. 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  30. ↑ "Flying low; India's flag carrier is in big trouble". The Economist. 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "Don't take 1,000 and 500 Indian rupee notes to Nepal". Rib staff studies. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  32. ↑ Anita Rao Kashi. "How to Wear a Sari in India". World Hum. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  33. ↑ Indian clothes - Traditional Indian Dhoti, Dhoti Kurta, How to Wear a Dhoti, How to Tie Dhoti
  34. ↑ "'The word B'wood is derogatory'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  35. ↑ Richard Corliss (16 September 1996). "Hooray for Bollywood!". Time. Archived from the original on 11 July 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  36. ↑ Meghnad Saha Archived 2015-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ "National Tree". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  38. ↑ "Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives". Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit. 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
  39. ↑ "National Fruit". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  40. ↑ "National Vegetable". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  41. ↑ "National Dish". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  42. ↑ "National Crop". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  43. ↑ "National Drink". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  44. ↑ "Sweet shops make hay in Diwali shine". The New Indian Express. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
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  47. ↑ Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2012). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2: Attributes and Status (2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-84-96553-87-3.
  48. ↑ Seymour, Rev. Colin (Ed)(2006) Australian Fancy Pigeons National Book of Standards.
  49. ↑ "कड़कनाथ मुर्गीपालन" (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 2019-12-30.
  50. ↑ "Sheep and goat breeds of india". Fao.org. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
  51. ↑ "2.3 Goat Breeds".
  52. ↑ Guading, Madonna (2009). The signs and symbols bible : the definitive guide to mysterious markings. New York: Sterling Pub. Co. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-4027-7004-3.
  53. ↑ Binney, Ruth (2006). Nature's Ways Lore, Legend, Fact and Fiction. F+W Media. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7153-3393-8.
  54. ↑ "Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture". Fowler Museum at UCLA. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  55. ↑ "Declaration of Gangetic Dolphin as National Aquatic Animal" (PDF). Government of India - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 10 May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  56. ↑ Lele, Jayant (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 978-90-04-06370-9.
  57. ↑ Leslie, J. (1998). "A bird bereaved: The identity and significance of Valmiki's kraunca". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 26 (5): 455–487. doi:10.1023/A:1004335910775. S2CID 169152694.
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