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Shades of green
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Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.
Computer web color greens[edit]
Green[edit]
Template:Infobox color The color defined as green in the RGB color model is the brightest green that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the color named green in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the RGB color space along with red and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum range of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set.
This color is also called regular green. It is at precisely 120 degrees on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel (Image of RGB color wheel). Its complementary color is magenta.
HTML/CSS uses the name lime for this color, using green to refer to a darker shade. See the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11.
Green takes up a large portion of the CIE chromaticity diagram because it is in the central area of human color perception.
Green (HTML/CSS color) [edit]
Template:Infobox color The color defined as green in HTML/CSS color standard is the color called green, low green, or medium green in many of the older eight-bit computer palettes.
Another name for this color is green W3C or office green.
Dark green (X11)[edit]
Template:Infobox color This is the X11/HTML color dark green.
Light green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Light green is a light tint of green.
Lime green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Lime green is a web color. It is a vivid yellowish shade of green.
Bright green[edit]
Template:Infobox color At right is displayed the color bright green. The color Bright green is on The Official Register of Color Names Database.[1]
Pale green[edit]
Template:Infobox color This is the X11/HTML color pale green.
Erin[edit]
Template:Infobox color The first recorded use of erin as a color name was in 1922.
Harlequin[edit]
Template:Infobox color Harlequin is a color described as being located between green and yellow (closer to green than to yellow) on the color wheel. On color plate 17 in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color (see reference below), the color harlequin is shown as being a highly saturated rich color at a position halfway between chartreuse and green. Thus in modern color terminology, harlequin is the color halfway between green and chartreuse green on the RGB color wheel.
The first recorded use of harlequin as a color name in English was in 1923.[2]
Harlequin is a pure spectral color at approximately 552 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram.[citation needed]
Silver Patron tequila is sold in harlequin-colored boxes.
Harlequin is also an adjective used to describe something that is colored in a pattern, usually a diamond-shaped pattern,[3] as in the dress traditionally associated with harlequins. Similarly, it can mean anything multicolored or prismatic, such as opals or other precious gems which are highly variegated in color and hue. In the early 2000s, a harlequin color paint was invented for automobiles that appears different colors from different angles of view.
Neon green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Neon green is a bright tone of green used in psychedelic art and in fashion.
Additional definitions of green[edit]
Green (CMYK) (pigment green)[edit]
Template:Infobox color The color defined as green in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as pigment green, is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions.
The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing.
The color indicated is only approximate as the colors of printing inks may vary.
The color displayed is an approximation of the CMYK color on an RGB screen, and cannot replicate the color accurately.
Green (NCS) (psychological primary green)[edit]
Template:Infobox color The color defined as green in the NCS or Natural Color System is NCS 2060-G. The natural color system is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision. The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.
Green (Munsell)[edit]
Template:Infobox color The Munsell color system (Munsell 5G) includes a color defined as green. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly in three dimensions in the elongated oval at an angle shaped Munsell color solid according to the logarithmic scale which governs human perception. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut.
Green (Pantone)[edit]
Template:Infobox color Green (Pantone) is the color that is called green in Pantone.
The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color # green C, EC, HC, PC, U, or UP—green.[4]
Green (Crayola)[edit]
Template:Infobox color Green (Crayola) is the color called green in Crayola crayons.
Green was one of the original Crayola crayons introduced in 1903.
Green in biological nature[edit]
Green is common in nature, especially in plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.[5] Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants. Due to varying ratios of chlorophylls (and different amounts as well as other plant pigments being present), the plant kingdom exhibits many shades of green in both hue (true color) and value (lightness/darkness). The chlorophylls in living plants have distinctive green colors, while dried or cooked portions of plants are different shades of green due to the chlorophyll molecules losing their inner magnesium ion.
Artichoke green (Pantone)[edit]
Template:Infobox color This is the color called artichoke green in Pantone. The source is Pantone 18-0125 TPX.[6]
Evergreen[edit]
Template:Infobox color Evergreen is a color that resembles evergreens.
It is currently unknown when evergreen was first used as a color name.
Fern green[edit]
Template:Infobox colorTemplate:Infobox color Fern green is a color that resembles ferns. A Crayola crayon named fern was created in 1998.
The first recorded use of fern green as a color name in English was in 1902.[7]
Forest green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Forest green refers to a green color said to resemble the color of the trees and other plants in a forest.[8]
The first recorded use of forest green as the name of a color in the English language was in 1810.[9]
Honeydew[edit]
Template:Infobox color The color honeydew is a representation of the color of the interior flesh of a honeydew melon.
Jungle green[edit]
Template:Infobox color In 1990, Crayola named and formulated a specific tone called jungle green.
The first recorded use of jungle green as a name of a color in the English language was in 1926.[10]
Kelly green[edit]
Kelly green is an intense, pure green named after the common Irish family name, Kelly. It evokes the lush green Irish meadows and is also commonly associated with St. Patrick’s Day.
Mantis[edit]
Template:Infobox color Mantis is a color that is a representation of the color of a praying mantis.
The first use of mantis as a color name in English was when it was included as one of the colors on the Xona.com color list, promulgated in 2001.
Mint green[edit]
Mint green is a pale tint of green that resembles the color of mint green pigment, and was a popular color in the 1990s.
Myrtle[edit]
Myrtle is a dark green shade that resembles the color of Myrtus leaves.
Sap green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Sap green is a green-looking pigment that was traditionally made of ripe buckthorn berries. However, modern colors marketed under this name are usually a blend of other pigments, commonly with a basis of Phthalocyanine Green G. It is one of the greens used in The Joy of Painting.
Tea green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Tea green is a light shade of green. It is a representation of the color of brewed green tea, i.e., the color of the hot green tea after the green tea leaves have been brewed in boiling water.[11]
The first recorded use of tea green as a color name in English was in 1858.[12]
Green in non-biological nature[edit]
Emerald[edit]
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Emerald, also called emerald green, is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the emerald gemstone.[13]
The first recorded use of emerald as a color name in English was in 1598.[14]
Ireland is sometimes referred to as the Emerald Isle due to its lush greenery. The May birthstone is emerald. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the Emerald City, because its abundant rainfall creates lush vegetation. In the Middle Ages, The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus was believed to contain the secrets of alchemy. "Emerald City", from the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is a city where everything from food to people are emerald green. However, it is revealed at the end of the story that everything in the city is normal colored, but the glasses everyone wears are emerald tinted. The Green Zone in Baghdad is sometimes ironically and cynically referred to as the Emerald City.[15] The Emerald Buddha is a figurine of the sitting Buddha, made of green jade (rather than emerald), clothed in gold, and about 45 cm tall. It is kept in the Chapel of the Emerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew) on the grounds of the Grand Palace in Bangkok. The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino, Humboldt, and Trinity in Northern California, United States[16] because these three counties are the biggest marijuana producing counties in California and also the US.[16] A county-commissioned study reports pot accounts for up to two-thirds of the economy of Mendocino.[16] Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development is a book published in 2010 by Joan Fitzgerald, director of the law, policy and society program at Northeastern University, about ecologically sustainable city planning.
Emerald was invented in Germany in 1814. By taking acetic acid, mixing and boiling it with vinegar, and then by adding some arsenic, a bright blue-green hue was formed.[17] During the 19th century, the arsenic-containing dye Paris green was marketed as emerald green.[18] It was notorious for causing deaths due to it being a popular color used for wallpaper. Victorian women used this bright color for dresses, and florists used it on fake flowers.[19]
Green earth[edit]
Template:Infobox color The color green earth is also known as terre verte and Verona green. It is an inorganic pigment derived from the minerals celadonite and glauconite.[20][21]
Hooker's green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Hooker's green is a dark green color created by mixing Prussian blue and gamboge. Hooker's green takes its name from botanical artist William Hooker (1779–1832) who first created it particularly for illustrating leaves.[22]
Jade[edit]
Template:Infobox color Jade, also called jade green, is a representation of the color of the gemstone called jade, although the stone itself varies widely in hue.
The color name jade green was first used in Spanish in the form piedra de ijada in 1569.[23] The first recorded use of jade green as a color name in English was in 1892.[24]
Malachite[edit]
Malachite, also called malachite green, is a color that is a representation of the color of the mineral malachite.
The first recorded use of malachite green as a color name in English was in the 1200s (exact year uncertain).[25]
Sea green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Sea green is a color that resembles the hue of shallow seawater as seen from the surface.
Other notable green colors[edit]
Celadon[edit]
Template:Infobox color Celadon /ˈsɛlədɒn/ is a pale greyish shade of green, or rather a range of such shades. Celadon originates as a term for a class of Chinese ceramics, copied by Korea and Japan. However, the name, which is European, may originate from the character Celadon in L'Astrée, a French pastoral novel of 1627, who wore a light green color.[26][27]
Celadon glazes were very common, with the green color being reliably produced from about the 10th century onwards; this was appreciated in Asia for resembling jade, the most prestigious material of all. The glaze color comes from iron oxide's transformation from ferric to ferrous iron (Fe2O3 → FeO) during the firing process,[28] but is affected by a wide range of other factors and chemicals, making the precise color very difficult to control. As well as green, a wide range of browns, yellows, greys and sometimes blues all count as "celadon".[13][29]
Hunter green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Hunter green is a color that is a representation of the color worn by hunters in the 19th century. Most hunters began wearing the color olive drab instead of hunter green about the beginning of the 20th century.[30] Some hunters still wear hunter green clothing or hunter green bandanas.
The first recorded use of hunter green as a color name in English was in 1892.[31]
Hunter green has been the official primary color of the Green Bay Packers since 1957, the New York Jets from 1998 to 2019, one of the two official colors of Ohio University and Oswego State, and one of the two official colors of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. It is also one of the main colors of Deerfield Academy.
In the bandana code of the gay leather subculture, a hunter green bandana, if worn on the left, indicates that one is a "leather daddy", whereas if a hunter green bandana is worn on the right, it indicates that one is looking for a leather daddy, i.e., looking for a "daddy-boy" relationship.[32][33][34]
Prison uniforms issued by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision are colored hunter green.[35]
New York City uses hunter green on its construction site fences and sidewalk sheds.[36]
India green[edit]
Template:Infobox color India green, the color of the lower band of the National Flag of India, represents fertility and prosperity.
Islamic green[edit]
Template:Infobox color The color green (Arabic: أخضر) has a number of traditional associations in Islam. In the Quran, it is associated with Islamic paradise. In the 12th century, green was chosen as dynastic color by the (Shiite) Fatimids,[citation needed] in contrast to the black used by the (Sunnite) Abbasids. After the Fatimid dynastic color, green remains particularly popular in Shi'ite iconography, but it is also widely used in by Sunni states. It is notably used in the flag of Saudi Arabia and flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
MSU green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Green and white are the primary school colors representing Michigan State University. The university board of trustees officially standardized MSU green as part of a larger university branding effort, replacing a lighter green (PMS 341) used from 1997 to 2010. The official color was chosen based on the traditional darker Spartan green found on the original university varsity letter jackets and marching band jackets. The official green of Michigan State University is represented by Pantone Matching System ink color 567 (PMS 567).
NDHU green[edit]
Template:Infobox color NDHU green is the official color of National Dong Hwa University, adopted in 1994. The university officially set NDHU green as part of a larger university branding effort. It represents the books, forest of knowledge, and its campus with nature-based setting.
Pakistan green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Pakistan green is a shade of dark green, used in web development and graphic design. It is also the background color of the national flag of Pakistan. It is almost identical to the HTML/X11 dark green in sRGB and HSV values.
Persian green[edit]
Template:Infobox color Persian green is a color used in Persian pottery and Persian carpets in Iran.
The first recorded use of Persian green as a color name in English was in 1892.[37][38]
Russian green[edit]
The first recorded use of Russian green as a color name in English was in the 1830s (exact year uncertain).[39] The term appears to refer to the medium shade of green worn by most regiments of the Imperial Russian Army from 1700 to 1914.
SGBUS green[edit]
Template:Infobox color SGBUS green is the color voted by the public and used by Singapore to color all its government-owned public buses.[40]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "The Official Register of Color Names". Color-register.org.
- ↑ Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930). "A Dictionary of Color" (1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill: 57 plate 17 color sample K11; p. 196. OCLC 1150631.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Paterson, Ian (2003). A Dictionary of Colour (1st paperback ed.). London: Thorogood Publishing (published 2004). p. 198. ISBN 1-85418-375-3. OCLC 60411025.
- ↑ "Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder—Type the word "Green" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear. There are six versions, all with the same color codes—C, EC, HC, PC, U, and UP". Pantone.
- ↑ The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002. ISBN 0-85229-787-4
- ↑ "PANTONE 18-0125 TPX Artichoke Green". Pantone. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 195; color sample of Fern Green: Page 65 Plate 21 Color Sample F5
- ↑ "SVG Color Keywords, CSS3 Color Module, W3C Candidate Recommendation 14 May 2003". W3C. Retrieved 6 January 2007.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 195; color sample of Jungle Green: Page 69 Plate 23 Color Sample L6
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; color sample of Jungle Green: Page 87 Plate 32 Color Sample L12 Note: The Color Sample shown as Jungle Green in Maerz and Paul is the color shown in the article on "jungle green" as dark jungle green.
- ↑ I. Patterson, A Dictionary of Colour, Thorogood, 2003, ISBN 1-85418-247-1, page 381. "tea green – The greyish green of green tea."
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; Color Sample of Tea Green: Page 65 Plate 21 Color Sample C2
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp. 220–221. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 194; Color Sample of Emerald: Page 75 Plate 26 Color Sample J10
- ↑ Chandraseekaran, Rajiv Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq's Green Zone 2007
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Regan, Trish (22 January 2009). "Pot growers thrive in Northern California: Cash crop now accounts for two-thirds of Mendocino County economy". CNBC.
- ↑ "Pigments through the Ages - History - Emerald green". www.webexhibits.org. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Emerald Green or Paris Green, the Deadly Regency Pigment". Jane Austen's World. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ Wright, Jennifer (17 March 2017). "The History of Green Dye Is a History of Death". Racked. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ Green earth Colourlex. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ Green earth. Pigments through the Ages. www.webexhibits.com. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. p. 81. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 162—Discussion of color Jade Green
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 198; Color Sample of Malachite Green: Page 79 Plate 28 Color Sample A9
- ↑ Gompertz, G.St.G.M., Chinese Celadon Wares, p. 21, 1980 (2nd edn.), Faber & Faber, ISBN 057118003521
- ↑ St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp. 232–233. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
- ↑ Dewar, Richard. (2002). Stoneware. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1837-X, p. 42.
- ↑ Vainker, S.J., Chinese Pottery and Porcelain, 1991, British Museum Press, 9780714114705, pp.53–55
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 162—Discussion of color Hunter Green
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196; Color Sample of Hunter Green Page Plate 24 Color Sample C11—Hunter Green
- ↑ Andrews, Vincent (2010), The Leatherboy Handbook, The Nazca Plains Corp., ISBN 978-1-61098-046-3
- ↑ Hankycode on gaycitiusa.com Archived 2007-12-06 at the Wayback Machine access date 2012-03-30
- ↑ Hankycode on leathernjonline.com access date 2010-03-30
- ↑ Beam, Christopher (3 December 2010). "When did prisoners start dressing in orange?". Explainer (column). Slate. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ↑ "Tribeca Citizen | Nosy Neighbor: Why Are Construction Fences Always Green?". Tribeca Citizen. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; color sample of Persian green: Page 85 Plate 31 Color Sample H7
- ↑ The source of this color is the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955), a color dictionary used by stamp collectors to identify the colors of stamps, now on the Internet—see sample of the color Persian green (color sample #159) displayed on indicated web page: [1] Archived 30 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of Russian Green: Page 83 Plate 30 Color Sample D7
- ↑ "'Lush Green' picked as colour for new Singapore buses". Channel NewsAsia. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017.
Template:Shades of green Template:Web colors Template:Color shades Template:Color topics