 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Dhule district | |
|---|---|
 Laling Fort | |
.svg) Location of Dhule district in Maharashtra | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Division | Nashik Division |
| Headquarters | Dhule |
| Tehsils | 1. Dhule, 2. Shirpur, 3. Sindkheda, 4. Sakri |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | 1. Dhule (shared with Nashik District), 2. Nandurbar (ST) (shared with Nandurbar District) (Based on Election Commission website) |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | 1. Dhule City, 2. Dhule Rural (Includes Dhule Outer), 3. Shirpur, 4. Sindkheda, 5. Sakri |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,195 km2 (2,778 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 2,050,862 |
| • Density | 290/km2 (740/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 777,569 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 72.80% |
| • Sex ratio | 946 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Major highways | NH-3, NH-6, NH-211 Nagaon Bari |
| Average annual precipitation | 544 mm |
| Website | http://dhule.nic.in |
Dhule district is a district of the Maharashtra state in the western region of India. The city of Dhule is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is part of North Maharashtra.[1]
The Dhule district previously comprised tracts of land predominantly inhabited by tribal populations. The Dhule district was then bifurcated on 1 July 1998 into two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar, the latter comprising the tribal region. Agriculture remains the basic profession of the population in this district. Most parts of the district do not have irrigation infrastructure and thus cultivation heavily depends on regular Monsoon or rainwater. Apart from wheat, bajra, jowar, jwari or onion, the most favoured commercial crop is cotton. The majority of the population in the rural area speaks Ahirani (a dialect of Marathi), however, Marathi is more widely spoken in the urban areas. Around 26.11% of the Dhule district's population reside in urban areas.[2]
Dhule district is famous for the production of pure milk. Milk cattle used to be fed with cotton pend (cattle feed made by using cotton extract), which would produce rich quality milk. Customers in Delhi used to wait for the delivery of milk from this region.
Dondaicha, part of Dhule district, is the only town in the State to produce glucose, sugar, and other products from maize. The district is also famous for the production and market of chilies.[citation needed]
The Dhule District is a part of Maharashtra's historical region of Khandesh. For administrative purposes, it is now part of the Nashik Division.
History
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2021) |
[3] The district of Dhule was previously known as West Khandesh district.[4] The ancient name of this region was Rasika. It is bounded on the east by Berar (Ancient Vidarbha), on the north by the Nemad district (Ancient Anupa) and on the south by the Aurangabad (ancient Mulaka) and Bhir (ancient Asmaka) districts. Later the country came to be called as Seunadesa after the king, Seunchandra of the early Yadava dynasty, who ruled over it. Subsequently, its name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title khan given to the Faruqi kings by King Ahmad I of Guzerat.
Agastya Sage was the first to crossed Vindhya and resided on the bank of Godavari. This territory was included in the empire of Ashoka. Pushyamitra, the founder of Shunga dynasty overthrew Maurya dynasty. Later on, Satavahan ruled over the region.
About A.D. 250, the Satavahans were supplanted by the Abhiras or Ahirs in Western Maharashtra (Region Isvarsena). The names of feudatories of Abhiras that ruled in Khandesh was found from copperplates discovered at Kalachala (Gujarath) and Cave X5II at Ajanta. After the downfall of Satavahans, the Vakatakas rose to power in Vidarbha. The Vakatakas were overthrown by the Rastrakuta family. This region was ruled by Chalukyas of Badami and subsequently Yadavas.
In A.D. 1296, Ala-ud-din Khilji invaded Ramachandra Yadava who agreed to pay a heavy ransom. His son Sankaragana discontinued sending the stipulated tribute to Delhi and then defected and slain by Malik Kafur in A.D. 1318.
In 1345, Devagiri was passed into the hands of Hasan Gangu, the founder of the Bahamani dynasty. However, Khandesh formed the Southern boundaries of the Tashlug empire.
In 1370, Firoz Taghluq assigned the district of Thalner and Karavanda to Malik Raja Faruqui, the founder of the Faruqui dynasty. His family claimed the descent from Khaliph Umer Faruq. He established himself at Thaler. The governor of Gujarat honoured Malik Raja with the little ‘Sipahsalar of Khandesh’. From the little Khan, the region came to be known as ‘Khandesh’ the country of Khan. During the period, a rich ahir 'Asa' of Asirgad had many storehouses in Gondwana and Khandesh which were opened in order to sell the corn. However, his wife was of a charitable disposition persuaded Asa to allow the grains to be distributed to the poor and suffering without payment to which Asa agreed. It was also with a view to employing many of the sufferers as labours that Asa levelled the old wall of Asir and constructed a fort built of masonry. Asa also distributed food to aged and decrepit who were unable to perform manual labour. The Ahir chief in spite of his wealth and strength of this fort, without any struggle, acknowledged the supremacy of Malik Raja bequeathed Laling to his elder son Malik Nasir and Thalner to Malik Iftikar.
Malik Nasir had decided that upon seizing Asirgad, he would make it his own capital. He, therefore, wrote to Asa complaining that he was in great problems as the chief of Baglana, Antur and Kherla was rising against him. Of those; two had collected large forces. Laling, to close to enemy territories was not a safe retreat. He requested Asa to afford his family a safe retreat. Asa ordered suitable apartments to be filled up for the Malik Nasir's ladies. Shortly after that several covered litters with women were brought into Asirgad and were visited by Asa's wife and daughters. The next day another of 200 litters arrived reportedly occupied by Malik Nasir's family. Asa along with his son went to receive them but to his astonishment instead of women, he found the litters full of armed soldiers who leapt up and murdered Asa and his innocent sons in cold blood. Not a single male child in the family was left alive. The treacherous and cunning Malik Nasir returned from his camp at laling to the Asirgad fort. Shortly after this a disciple of Shaikh Zain Uddin, the tutelary saint of the family came to congratulate Malik Nasir on his success. On his advice, Malik Nasir built two cities on the bank of Tapi, on the east Bank called Zainabad after the Saikh and the other on the west Bank called Burhanpur after Shaikh Burhanuddin of Daulatabad. The Burhanpur became the capital of farugui dynasty. In 1917 Malik Nasir defected his younger brother Malik Iftikar.
On 6 January 1601 Khandesh came under the Akbar regime. Khandesh was fancifully named by Akbar a Dandes after his son Daniyal. In 1634 Khandesh was made into a Suba.
On 3 June 1818, the Peshva surrendered himself before the British and Khandesh came under British rule. It was part of Khandesh district till that district was divided in 1906,[4] and although the present name was not used then, the present district can be traced back to that year.
Geography
Climate
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2021) |
| Climate data for Dhule | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29 (84) |
32 (90) |
36 (97) |
38 (100) |
39 (102) |
34 (93) |
30 (86) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
32 (90) |
30 (86) |
28 (82) |
32 (90) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12 (54) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
19 (66) |
15 (59) |
12 (54) |
19 (66) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33.33 (1.31) |
2.1 (0.08) |
3.3 (0.13) |
3.5 (0.14) |
4.4 (0.17) |
114.2 (4.50) |
115.6 (4.55) |
119.6 (4.71) |
121.6 (4.79) |
60.8 (2.39) |
10.7 (0.42) |
6.5 (0.26) |
595.63 (23.45) |
| Source: Dhule Weather | |||||||||||||
The climate of this district is on the whole dry except during the southwest monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south-west monsoon season which follows thereafter lasts till September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The average annual rainfall in the district is 674.0 mm. (26.53"). The rainfall is heavier in the hilly regions of the western ghats and the Satpuda ranges. Navapur near the western border has an annual rainfall of 1097.1 mm (43.19"). The rainfall during the south-west monsoon constitutes about 88 per cent of the annual rainfall, July being the rainiest month. Some rainfall is received mostly as thunder-showers in the post-monsoon season.
Except during the south-west monsoon season when the humidity is above 70 per cent, the air is rather dry over the district during the rest of the year. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the relative humidity is only 20 to 25 per cent in the afternoons.
From about the latter half of February, temperatures increase steadily till May which is the hottest part of the year with the mean daily maximum temperature at 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) and the mean daily minimum at 25.80 C (78.4 °F). Hot, dry winds blow during April and May and the heat is intense with the maximum temperatures going above 45 °C (113.0 °F) on some days. Thunder-showers occur during the afternoons and bring welcome relief from the heat on some days. With the onset of the southwest monsoon by about the second week of June, there is an appreciable drop in day temperatures and the weather is pleasant in the south-west monsoon season. By about the beginning of October when the south-west monsoon withdraws, day temperatures begin to rise and a secondary maximum in day temperature is reached in October. The night temperatures, however, steadily decrease. From November, both day and night temperatures drop rapidly till January which is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 30.'3 °C (86.50 F) and the mean daily minimum at 16.2 °C (61.2 °F). During the cold season, cold waves which sometimes affect the district in association with western disturbances which pass across north India the minimum temperature may drop down to about 8° to 9 °C (46.4° to 48.2 °F).
Winds are generally light to moderate with some strengthening in force during the summer and monsoon seasons. During the southwest monsoon season, winds are mainly south-westerly to westerly. In the post-monsoon season winds are light and variable in directions in the mornings and north-easterly to easterly in the afternoon. In the winter and summer seasons winds are mostly from directions between south-west and north-west, with northerly or northeasterly winds blowing on some afternoons.
Divisions
| This section does not cite any sources. (March 2021) |
The district is further divided into two sub-divisions and four talukas for administrative purposes. Dhule and Sakri talukas are part of Dhule sub-division while Sindkheda and Shirpur talukas are part of Shirpur sub-division. Earlier there were five Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. These were Sakri, Shirpur, Sindkheda, Kusumba and Dhule. Dhule was the only Lok Sabha constituency in this district. Shirpur Vidhan Sabha constituency was part of the Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency.
After 2002 delimitation, now there is only one Lok Sabha constituency in the district which is Dhule Lok Sabha constituency comprising the six Maharashtra Assembly constituencies of Dhule Rural, Dhule City and Sindkheda. From Nashik district, Malegaon Outer, Malegaon City and Baglan are included in this lok sabha constituency. Sakri and Shirpur taluka's, though they are from Dhule district, the Legislative Assembly are the part of Nandurbar Lok Sabha seat.
There are five Maharashtra State Assembly seats namely Dhule Rural, Dhule City, Sindkheda, Sakri and Shirpur.
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Dhule one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[5] It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[5]
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Dhule district has a population of 2,050,862,[6] roughly equal to the nation of Botswana[7] or the US state of New Mexico.[8] This gives it a ranking of 223rd in India (out of a total of 640).[6] The district has a population density of 285 inhabitants per square kilometre (740/sq mi) .[6] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.96%.[6] Dhule has a sex ratio of 946 females for every 1000 males,[6] and a literacy rate of 72.80%.[6]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 257,194 | — |
| 1911 | 320,907 | +2.24% |
| 1921 | 340,792 | +0.60% |
| 1931 | 410,080 | +1.87% |
| 1941 | 485,081 | +1.69% |
| 1951 | 608,112 | +2.29% |
| 1961 | 785,278 | +2.59% |
| 1971 | 969,714 | +2.13% |
| 1981 | 1,202,284 | +2.17% |
| 1991 | 1,473,170 | +2.05% |
| 2001 | 1,707,947 | +1.49% |
| 2011 | 2,050,862 | +1.85% |
| source:[9] | ||
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 33.78% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 28.70% Khandeshi, 10.51% Bhili, 6.74% Urdu, 5.88% Pawri, 3.27 Hindi, 3.07% Kokna, 1.96% Konkani, 1.14% Mawchi and 1.11% Banjari as their first language.[10]
Languages spoken include Ahirani, a Kandeshi tongue with approximately 780 000 speakers, similar to Marathi and Bhili;[11] Bhilali, with 150 000 speakers;[12] and three mutually unintelligible Bareli languages: Palya Bareli, a Bhil language with approximately 10 000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh;[13] Pauri Bareli, with approximately 175 000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script;[14] and Rathwi Bareli, with approximately 64 000 speakers.[15]
See also
- Nashik division
- Dhule City
- Dhule City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
- Dhule Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
- Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)
- List of villages in Dhule district
References
- ↑ Sonawane, Santosh. "Harmonized growth of North Maharashtra". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ↑
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 July 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "History of Dhule District". Official Website of Dhule District. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 771.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Botswana 2,065,398
- ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
New Mexico - 2,059,179
- ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ↑ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
- ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Ahirani: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
- ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhilali: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bareli, Palya: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
- ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bareli, Pauri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
- ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bareli, Rathwi: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
External links
Places adjacent to Dhule district | |
|---|---|
| Topics | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regions | |||||||||||||
| Divisions and Districts |
| ||||||||||||
| Million-plus cities in Maharashtra | |||||||||||||
| Other cities with municipal corporations | |||||||||||||
