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{{Other uses|Kandi (disambiguation){{!}}Kandi}}
{{Other uses|Kandi (disambiguation){{!}}Kandi}}
{{cleanup|reason=grammar, style, |date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
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| pushpin_map_caption            = Location in West Bengal, India
| pushpin_map_caption            = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23.95|N|88.03|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23.95|N|88.03|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Kandi, India |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Kandi.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref>
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_name                = {{flagu|India}}
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| founder                        =  
| founder                        =  
| named_for                      =  
| named_for                      =  
| government_type                = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| government_type                = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body                  = [[Kandi Municipality]]
| governing_body                  = Kandi Municipality
| leader_title1                  = [[Chairman]]
| leader_title1                  = [[Chairman]]
| leader_name1                    = [[Apurba Sarkar ]]&nbsp;—<small>[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]</small>
| leader_name1                    = [[Joydev Ghatak]]&nbsp;—<small>[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]</small>
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name='Kandi City'>{{cite web|title=Kandi City|url=http://kandimunicipality1869.com/demography/}}</ref>
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name='Kandi City'>{{cite web|title=Kandi City|url=http://kandimunicipality1869.com/demography/|access-date=25 November 2020|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518102951/http://kandimunicipality1869.com/demography/}}</ref>
| area_rank                      =  
| area_rank                      =  
| area_total_km2                  = 12.97
| area_total_km2                  = 12.97
| elevation_footnotes            =  
| elevation_footnotes            = <ref name=":0" />
| elevation_m                    = 20
| elevation_m                    = 25
| population_total                = 55632
| population_total                = 55632
| population_as_of                = 2011
| population_as_of                = 2011
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| postal_code_type                = Postal Code <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code_type                = Postal Code <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code                    = 742137, 742138, 742139, 742140
| postal_code                    = 742137, 742138, 742139, 742140
| registration_plate              = WB/57, WB/57
| registration_plate              = WB99
| blank1_name_sec1                = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_name_sec1                = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1                = [[Baharampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampore]]
| blank1_info_sec1                = [[Baharampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampore]]
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}}


'''Kandi''' is a sub-divisional town and a municipality in [[Murshidabad district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Kandi subdivision]] and is located on the east bank of [[Mayurakshi River|Kana Mayurakshi River]]. It is also known as the rice store of [[Murshidabad district]], owing to its large production of rice. It is situated 30&nbsp;km away from [[Berhampore]], the district headquarter of Murshidabad and approximately 195 km from [[Kolkata]], the capital of West Bengal.
'''Kandi''' is a sub-divisional town and municipality in [[Murshidabad district]] in [[West Bengal]], India. It is the headquarters of the [[Kandi subdivision]] and is located on the east bank of [[Mayurakshi River|Kana Mayurakshi River]]. The town is known for being one of the oldest municipal bodies in India, having acquired municipality status in 1869.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} The area is also known as the 'rice store' of Murshidabad district, owing to its large production of rice.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
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{{Clear|left}}


===Location===
=== Location ===
Kandi is located at {{Coord|23.95|N|88.03|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Kandi.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kandi]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{cvt|20|m}}.
The above map covers the Kandi and [[Berhampore subdivision|Berhampore]] subdivisions, which are spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district: [[Rarh region|Rarh]] and Bagri.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |access-date=24 July 2017 |work=Physiography, Page 13 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Murshidabad |url=http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 |access-date=24 July 2017 |work=Geography |publisher=Murshidabad district authorities}}</ref> Kandi is {{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from [[Berhampore]], the district headquarters of Murshidabad, and approximately {{Convert|195|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Kolkata]], the capital of West Bengal. It is near two other districts: [[Bardhaman district|Burdwan]] (32&nbsp;km) [[Nadia district|Nadia]] (30km) and [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] (21&nbsp;km). According to the ''District Census Handbook, Murshidabad'' (2011), Kandi covers an area of 12.97&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |access-date=26 June 2021 |work=Section II Town Directory, Pages 981-987: Statement I: Growth History, Pages 990-993: Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 993-995: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 995-1001 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Pages 1 001- 1002: Statement VI: Industry & Banking |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal}}</ref>


Kandi is present in the [[Mayurakshi River]] basin. [[Mayurakshi River]] and its tributaries are bound in this area. This area is part of the Rarh Anchal.
The ruins of [[Karnasubarna]], the capital of [[Shashanka]], the first important king of ancient [[Bengal]] who ruled in the 7th century, is located {{convert|9.6|km}} south-west of Berhampore.<ref>Ray, Nihar Ranjan, ''Bangalir Itihas Adi Parba'', {{in lang|bn}}, 1980 edition, pp. 160-161, Paschim Banga Niraksharata Durikaran Samiti</ref><ref>Sengupta, Nitish, ''History of the Bengali-speaking People'', p.25, UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd.</ref><ref>Majumdar, Dr. R.C., ''History of Ancient Bengal'', first published 1971, reprint 2005, pp. 5-6, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, {{ISBN|81-89118-01-3}}.</ref> The entire area is overwhelmingly rural, with over 80% of the population living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_6MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= District Primary Census Abstract page 26|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 2 July 2021}}</ref>
 
Kandi is a small sub-divisional administrative headquarters in the district of Murshidabad, West Bengal.
 
It is {{cvt|30|km}} from the district headquarters of Berhampore. It is in close proximity to two other districts namely Burdwan at 32&nbsp;km and Birbhum at 21&nbsp;km.
 
The town is renowned for being one of the oldest municipal bodies in India. It has acquired the status of a municipality in 1869.
 
The area is critically prone to perpetual flood and drainage congestion and remain totally cut-off for many days together from other parts of the district during flood. The aforesaid area is drained by three main river systems namely, the Mayurakshi - Bele, the Brahmani- Dwarka and the Bakreshwar – Kopai – Kuye. All the three systems combine into one and finally outfalls into the river Bhagirathi through the Babla – Uttarasan system. The river systems described above carry huge discharge during monsoon causing wide spread flood and drainage congestion in Kandi and adjoining areas as most of the embankments, constructed decades ago through ex-zamindary or other sources, are in dilapidated conditions. The perpetual occurrence of flood and drainage congestion cause untold misery to the people. The average annual damage is to the tune of Rs. 97.55 Crore. Transport of relief materials and rapid evacuation of affected people becomes really challenging task in such time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kandi Master Plan (A comprehensive flood management scheme for Murshidabad and Birbhum)|url=https://wbiwd.gov.in/index.php/applications/kandi|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
===Area overview===
The area shown in the map alongside, covering [[Berhampore subdivision|Berhampore]] and [[Kandi subdivision|Kandi]] subdivisions, is spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district, [[Rarh region|Rarh]] and Bagri.<ref>{{cite web| url =  http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20  Part XII A  | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2  | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher=  Murshidabad district  authorities| access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref>The headquarters of Murshidabad district, [[Berhampore]], is in this area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2  | title= Murshidabad | publisher=  Murshidabad district  authorities| access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>The ruins of [[Karnasubarna]], the capital of [[Shashanka]], the first important king of ancient [[Bengal]] who ruled in the 7th century, is located {{convert|9.6|km}} south-west of Berhampore.<ref>Ray, Nihar Ranjan, ''Bangalir Itihas Adi Parba'', {{in lang|bn}}, 1980 edition, pp. 160-161, Paschim Banga Niraksharata Durikaran Samiti</ref><ref>Sengupta, Nitish, ''History of the Bengali-speaking People'', p.25, UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd.</ref><ref>Majumdar, Dr. R.C., ''History of Ancient Bengal'', first published 1971, reprint 2005, pp. 5-6, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, {{ISBN|81-89118-01-3}}.</ref> The entire area is overwhelmingly rural with over 80% of the population living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_6MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= District Primary Census Abstract page 26|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 2 July 2021}}</ref>


<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>


<gallery mode="packed">
=== Geography ===
</gallery>
Kandi is located in the [[Mayurakshi River]] basin. The area is drained by three main river systems: the Mayurakshi–Bele, the Brahmani–Dwarka, and the Bakreshwar–Kopai–Kuye. All the three systems combine into one and finally flow into the [[Bhagirathi River]] through the Babla–Uttarasan system. These river systems carry huge discharges during monsoon season, causing wide-spread flooding and drainage congestion in Kandi and adjoining areas, as most of the decades-old embankments are in dilapidated conditions. During floods, the area can be totally cut off from other parts of the district for days, making the transport of relief materials and rapid evacuation challenging. In 2015, the average annual damage caused by these problems is {{INRConvert|97.55|c|lk=on|year=2015}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kandi Master Plan (A comprehensive flood management scheme for Murshidabad and Birbhum) |url=https://wbiwd.gov.in/index.php/applications/kandi}}</ref>


==Demographics==
== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kandi had a total population of 55,632, of which 28,442 (51%) were males and 27,190 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 5,889. The total number of literate persons in Kandi was 40,816 (82.05% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 801661, page 44-45|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 5 July 2021}}</ref>
According to the [[2011 census of India]], Kandi had a total population of 55,632, of which 28,442 (51%) were males and 27,190 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 5,889. The total number of literate persons in Kandi was 40,816 (82.05% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 801661, page 44-45|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 5 July 2021}}</ref>


{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kandi had a population of 50,345. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kandi has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 60%. In Kandi, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
As of the [[2001 census of India]], Kandi had a population of 50,345. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kandi has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 60%. In Kandi, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>


==Infrastructure==
==Economy==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Murshidabad'',  2011, Kandi covered an area of 12.97&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It had 118&nbsp;km roads with both open and covered drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from treated source, hand pump. It had 7,788 domestic electric connections, 1,985 road lighting points. Among the medical facilities it had 2 hospitals (with 200 beds), 2 dispensaries/ health centres, 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity & child welfare centre, 1 maternity home, 1 TB hospital/ clinic, 1 nursing home, 1 veterinary hospital, 132 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 30 primary schools, 1 middle school, 4 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools, 2 general degree colleges. It had  19  non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan), 1 specialised school for disabled. Among the social, recreational & cultural facilities it had 1 cinema theatre, 1 auditorium/ community hall, 3 public libraries. It produced handloom, tobacco, bell metal products. It had the branch offices of 4 nationalised banks, 1 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank, 2 agricultural credit society, 45 non-agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title =  District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 981-987: Statement I: Growth History,  Pages 990-993: Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 993-995: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 995-1001 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Pages 1 001- 1002: Statement VI: Industry & Banking  | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal  |access-date =  26 June 2021}}</ref>
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Economically, the area produces handloom textiles, tobacco, bell metal products.<ref name=":0" /> It has branch offices of 7 nationalised banks, 3 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank, 2 agricultural credit societies, and 45 non-agricultural credit societies.<ref name=":0" /> Among medical facilities, it has 2 hospitals with 200 beds (the governmental Kandi Subdivision Hospital is in the center of the town), one [[tuberculosis]] clinic, one non-government nursing home, and one veterinary hospital.<ref name=":0" />


==Economy==
===Banking and financial services===
===Banking & financial services===
*State Bank of India, Main Branch
*State Bank of India, Main Branch
*State Bank of India, Bus Stand Branch
*State Bank of India, Bus Stand Branch
*State Bank of India, C.C. Rasorah
*State Bank of India, C.C. Rasorah
*Punjab National Bank
*Punjab National Bank
*Allahabad Bank, Radhabazar Branch
*INDIAN Bank, Main Road - Beside of LICI Building
*Allahabad Bank, Main Road - Beside of LICI Building
*Bank of Baroda, Khorsa-High Road
*Bank of Baroda, Khorsa-High Road
*Bank of India, Petrol Pump-High Road
*Bank of India, Petrol Pump-High Road
Line 141: Line 135:
*IDBI Bank, Hospital Road
*IDBI Bank, Hospital Road
*HDFC BANK LTD, Hospital Road
*HDFC BANK LTD, Hospital Road
*ICICI BANK LTD, BUS STAND
*Canara Bank, School Road
*Canara Bank, School Road
*Kandi Co-Operative Credit Society, Girls School More
*Kandi Co-Operative Credit Society, Girls School More
Line 146: Line 141:
*Axis Bank, Girls School More
*Axis Bank, Girls School More
*Bandhan Bank Near Police Station
*Bandhan Bank Near Police Station
*new India Insurance Company Limited, Petrol Pump-High Road.
*The New India Assurance Company Limited, Petrol Pump-High Road
*K.D.C.M.P.U.Ltd (Amul)
*K.D.C.M.P.U. Ltd ([[Amul]])
 
===Tourism and festivals===
Some popular tourist spots and festivals of Kandi are listed here:


===Tourism and festivals===
Some popular tourist spots and festivals of Kandi include:
* Netaji Shubash Park
* Narayandhar Park
* Narayandhar Park
* Radhaballav Mandir  
* [[Radhaballav Mandir|Radhaballav Mandir,Kandi]]
* Kandi Rajbari  
* Kandi Rajbari  
* Shyamsagar Par  
* Shyamsagar Par  
Line 170: Line 165:
===Roadways===
===Roadways===


SH-11 passes through Kandi. Kandi Town is gateway of Murshidabad District, as 10 districts of South Bengal is directly connected to. Kandi is well connected to places like Berhampur, Suri, Bolpur, Tarapith, Rampurhat, Burdwan, Katwa, Asansol, etc. by road.
Kandi Town is the gateway of Murshidabad district, as 10 districts of South Bengal are directly connected to it. Kandi is well connected by road to places like Berhampur, Suri, Bolpur, Tarapith, Rampurhat, Burdwan, Katwa, and Asansol. The SH-11 passes through Kandi.
 
Public transport systems in Kandi Town include government and private buses, [[electric rickshaw]]s, [[taxi]]s, and [[auto rickshaw]]s.{{citations needed|date= October 2025}}
 


Public transport systems in Kandi Town include the Government and private buses, [[electric rickshaw]]s, [[taxi]]s and [[auto rickshaw]]s.
==Railways ==
There is no railway station in Kandi. The nearest ones are:


===Railways ===
* {{stnlnk|Salar}} on the [[Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop]] line (25&nbsp;km away)
There is no railway station. The nearest ones are at: {{stnlnk|Salar}} at 25&nbsp;km, [[Khagraghat Road railway station|Khagraghat Road (KGLE) railway station]] at 28&nbsp;km on [[Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop]] line, Berhampur, at 34&nbsp;km on [[Sealdah–Lalgola line]]. {{stnlnk|Sainthia Junction}} at 39&nbsp;km on [[Sahibganj loop]] line. {{stnlnk|Kurmodanga}} (well known as Futisanko) at 34&nbsp;km on [[Ahmadpur–Katwa line]].
* [[Chowrigacha railway station|Chowrigacha]] on the [[Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop]] line (15 KM)
* [[Khagraghat Road railway station|Khagraghat Road (KGLE) railway station]] on the [[Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop]] line (28&nbsp;km away)
* Berhampur on the [[Sealdah–Lalgola line]] (34&nbsp;km away)
* {{stnlnk|Sainthia Junction}} on the [[Sahibganj loop]] line (39&nbsp;km away)
* {{stnlnk|Kurmodanga}} (Futisanko) on the [[Ahmadpur–Katwa line]] (34&nbsp;km away)


==Education==
==Education==
Among educational facilities, the Kandi area has 30 primary schools, 1 middle school, 4 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools, and 2 general degree colleges. It has 19 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) and one specialised school for the disabled.<ref name=":0" />
===Colleges===
===Colleges===


Line 187: Line 192:


===Schools===
===Schools===
*Kandi Raj High School(H.S)
*Kandi Raj High School
*Kandi Raja Manindra Chandra Girls' High School(H.S),
*Kandi Raja Manindra Chandra Girls' High School
*Jemo N.N High School(H.S)
*Jemo N.N High School
*Sri Bishnu High School
*Sri Bishnu High School
*Bahara Adarsha Vidyapith
*Bahara Adarsha Vidyapith
*Bahara Girls School
*Bahara Girls School
*Bagdanga R.S.S Vidyapith(H.S)
*Bagdanga R.S.S Vidyapith (high school)
*Bagdanga P.C. Girls School
*Bagdanga P.C. Girls School
*Chatinakandi Gurupada High School
*Chatinakandi Gurupada High School
*Namukandi High School
*Namukandi High School
*Rasorah Ambika High School  
*Rasorah Ambika High School  
*Saraswati Devi Public School.H.S. (Affiliated to C.B.S.E )  
*Saraswati Devi Public High School (affiliated to [[C.B.S.E.]])  
*Jagriti Public School (Affiliated to C.B.S.E)
*Jagriti Public School (affiliated to C.B.S.E)
 
The educational revolution of this place started when Kandi Raj High School was established by converting a theater owned by the Zamindars of the Kandi Raj family. This was done on an appeal by Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the eminent educationist and social reformer during the renaissance in Bengal.
 
The Zamindar family, commonly referred to as ''Rajas'', have contributed to the spread of education in a commendable way. They also took initiative for [[female education]] in and around the Kandi subdivision.
 
Currently, female education has picked up momentum. There are many educational libraries, sporting clubs in neighbouring villages.
 
==Personalities and notable peoples==


* [[Haraprasad Shastri]] (linguist, educationist and litterateur)
Regional development in education began when Kandi Raj High School was established by converting a theatre owned by the Zamindars of the Kandi Raj family.{{When?|date=January 2024}} This was done on an appeal by Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the eminent educationist and social reformer during the renaissance in Bengal. The Zamindar family, commonly referred to as ''Rajas'', have contributed to the spread of education; in particular, they have taken initiative and built momentum for [[female education]] in and around the Kandi subdivision.{{citations needed|date= October 2025}}
* [[Ramendra Sundar Tribedi]] (Scientist & writer)
* [[Byomkes Chakrabarti]] (linguist and educationist)
* [[Atish Chandra Sinha]] (nationalist and politician)
* [[Bikash Sinha|Bikash Chandra Sinha]] (physicist and scientist)
* Dr. Kanjaksha Ghosh, scientist, Director of National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research


==Arts and culture==
==Arts and culture==


The region has a special reputation for making a type of sweet confectionery called ''Monohara''.
The region has a local sweet confectionery called ''monohara''.{{citations needed|date= October 2025}}


The city can be considered one of the major cultural centers of Murshidabad. Renowned groups have originated from this town. These groups hold theater festivals throughout the year, mostly during the winter, in Kandi. On [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] (January 26), major sports events, programs and parades are held here. Kandi is also commonly known for the famous Kali Puja of the Roychowdhury royal family, the erstwhile rulers of Kandi and the surrounding areas.
==Notable people==
* [[Ramendra Sundar Tribedi]] – scientist and writer
* [[Byomkes Chakrabarti]] – linguist and educationist
* [[Atish Chandra Sinha]] – nationalist and politician
* [[Bikash Sinha|Bikash Chandra Sinha]] – physicist and scientist
*[[Madanmohan Tarkalankar]] - Sanskrit Scholar


==Healthcare==
== Temples and Religious Centers ==
There is a government hospital Kandi Subdivision Hospital in the heart of the town and people from the neighbouring towns and villages visit there for medical treatment. There is also a non-government nursing home named Kabita Nursing Home.
* Radhaballav Mandir: prominent temple in Kandi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Murshidabad News: লালাবাবুর তিরোধানে কান্দির রাধাবল্লভ মন্দিরে ৬৪ মোহান্ত ভোগ! জানেন এর ইতিহাস? |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/murshidabad/know-about-lalababu-history-of-kandi-radhaballav-mandir-murshidabad-sb-lcn-824998.html |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=bengali.news18.com |language=bn}}</ref>
* Dakhina Kali Mandir: temple dedicated to the goddess Kali.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Aajkaal Sarod |date=2024-10-29 |script-title=bn:ব্যাঘ্র রূপে পূজিত হন দোহালিয়ার মা দক্ষিণা কালী |url=https://durgapuja.aajkaal.in/kali-puja/dakshina-kali-is-worshiped-as-a-tiger-idol-in-kandi-temple-in-murshidabad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126053902/https://durgapuja.aajkaal.in/kali-puja/dakshina-kali-is-worshiped-as-a-tiger-idol-in-kandi-temple-in-murshidabad |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=bn |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Gopal Tungi Mandir: Another notable temple in the area.


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 15:04, 27 February 2026

For other uses, see Kandi.
Kandi
Town
Nickname: 
Rice Store of Murshidabad
Location in West Bengal, India
Kandi (India)
Coordinates: 23°57′N 88°02′E / 23.95°N 88.03°E / 23.95; 88.03[1]
Country India
StateWest Bengal
DistrictMurshidabad
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • BodyKandi Municipality
 • ChairmanJoydev Ghatak —TMC
Area
[2]
 • Total12.97 km2 (5.01 sq mi)
Elevation
[3]
25 m (82 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total55,632
 • Density4,300/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Postal Code
742137, 742138, 742139, 742140
Vehicle registrationWB99
Lok Sabha constituencyBaharampore
Vidhan Sabha constituencyKandi

Kandi is a sub-divisional town and municipality in Murshidabad district in West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Kandi subdivision and is located on the east bank of Kana Mayurakshi River. The town is known for being one of the oldest municipal bodies in India, having acquired municipality status in 1869.[citation needed] The area is also known as the 'rice store' of Murshidabad district, owing to its large production of rice.[citation needed]

Geography[edit | edit source]

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Location[edit | edit source]

The above map covers the Kandi and Berhampore subdivisions, which are spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district: Rarh and Bagri.[4][5] Kandi is 30 km (19 mi) away from Berhampore, the district headquarters of Murshidabad, and approximately 195 km (121 mi) from Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal. It is near two other districts: Burdwan (32 km) Nadia (30km) and Birbhum (21 km). According to the District Census Handbook, Murshidabad (2011), Kandi covers an area of 12.97 km2.[3]

The ruins of Karnasubarna, the capital of Shashanka, the first important king of ancient Bengal who ruled in the 7th century, is located 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Berhampore.[6][7][8] The entire area is overwhelmingly rural, with over 80% of the population living in the rural areas.[9]

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Geography[edit | edit source]

Kandi is located in the Mayurakshi River basin. The area is drained by three main river systems: the Mayurakshi–Bele, the Brahmani–Dwarka, and the Bakreshwar–Kopai–Kuye. All the three systems combine into one and finally flow into the Bhagirathi River through the Babla–Uttarasan system. These river systems carry huge discharges during monsoon season, causing wide-spread flooding and drainage congestion in Kandi and adjoining areas, as most of the decades-old embankments are in dilapidated conditions. During floods, the area can be totally cut off from other parts of the district for days, making the transport of relief materials and rapid evacuation challenging. In 2015, the average annual damage caused by these problems is ₹97.55 crore (equivalent to ₹118 crore or US$17 million in 2019).[10]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

According to the 2011 census of India, Kandi had a total population of 55,632, of which 28,442 (51%) were males and 27,190 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 5,889. The total number of literate persons in Kandi was 40,816 (82.05% of the population over 6 years).[11]

As of the 2001 census of India, Kandi had a population of 50,345. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kandi has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 60%. In Kandi, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.[12]

Economy[edit | edit source]

Economically, the area produces handloom textiles, tobacco, bell metal products.[3] It has branch offices of 7 nationalised banks, 3 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank, 2 agricultural credit societies, and 45 non-agricultural credit societies.[3] Among medical facilities, it has 2 hospitals with 200 beds (the governmental Kandi Subdivision Hospital is in the center of the town), one tuberculosis clinic, one non-government nursing home, and one veterinary hospital.[3]

Banking and financial services[edit | edit source]

  • State Bank of India, Main Branch
  • State Bank of India, Bus Stand Branch
  • State Bank of India, C.C. Rasorah
  • Punjab National Bank
  • INDIAN Bank, Main Road - Beside of LICI Building
  • Bank of Baroda, Khorsa-High Road
  • Bank of India, Petrol Pump-High Road
  • Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank, Zemo Branch -School Road
  • Oriental Bank of Commerce, Hospital Road
  • IDBI Bank, Hospital Road
  • HDFC BANK LTD, Hospital Road
  • ICICI BANK LTD, BUS STAND
  • Canara Bank, School Road
  • Kandi Co-Operative Credit Society, Girls School More
  • Life Insurance Corporation Of India, Main Road Branch
  • Axis Bank, Girls School More
  • Bandhan Bank Near Police Station
  • The New India Assurance Company Limited, Petrol Pump-High Road
  • K.D.C.M.P.U. Ltd (Amul)

Tourism and festivals[edit | edit source]

Some popular tourist spots and festivals of Kandi include:

  • Netaji Shubash Park
  • Narayandhar Park
  • Radhaballav Mandir,Kandi
  • Kandi Rajbari
  • Shyamsagar Par
  • Radhasagar Par
  • Jemo Rajbati
  • Dakhina Kali Mandir
  • Gopal Tungi Mandir
  • Panchamukhi Shib Mandir
  • Bagdanga Rudradev Mandir
  • Kali puja of Eroali
  • Kali puja of Gokarna
  • Sarbamangala Temple of Jajan

Transport[edit | edit source]

Roadways[edit | edit source]

Kandi Town is the gateway of Murshidabad district, as 10 districts of South Bengal are directly connected to it. Kandi is well connected by road to places like Berhampur, Suri, Bolpur, Tarapith, Rampurhat, Burdwan, Katwa, and Asansol. The SH-11 passes through Kandi.

Public transport systems in Kandi Town include government and private buses, electric rickshaws, taxis, and auto rickshaws.


Railways[edit | edit source]

There is no railway station in Kandi. The nearest ones are:

Education[edit | edit source]

Among educational facilities, the Kandi area has 30 primary schools, 1 middle school, 4 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools, and 2 general degree colleges. It has 19 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) and one specialised school for the disabled.[3]

Colleges[edit | edit source]

Kandi Raj College was established in 1950 by the Kandi Raj family of Kandi. Affiliated to the University of Kalyani, it has the following departments: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science, Bengali, English, Sanskrit, History, Geography, Political science, Philosophy and Economics.[13][14]

Raja Birendra Chandra College was established in 1965 at Kandi. It was earlier known as Kandi Raj College of Commerce. Affiliated to the University of Kalyani, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, geography and BCom.[15]

Bimal Chandra College of Law was established at Kandi in 2002 with the untiring efforts of Atish Chandra Sinha, a doyen of the Kandi Raj family. It is affiliated with the University of Kalyani and approved by the Bar Council of India.[16]

Schools[edit | edit source]

  • Kandi Raj High School
  • Kandi Raja Manindra Chandra Girls' High School
  • Jemo N.N High School
  • Sri Bishnu High School
  • Bahara Adarsha Vidyapith
  • Bahara Girls School
  • Bagdanga R.S.S Vidyapith (high school)
  • Bagdanga P.C. Girls School
  • Chatinakandi Gurupada High School
  • Namukandi High School
  • Rasorah Ambika High School
  • Saraswati Devi Public High School (affiliated to C.B.S.E.)
  • Jagriti Public School (affiliated to C.B.S.E)

Regional development in education began when Kandi Raj High School was established by converting a theatre owned by the Zamindars of the Kandi Raj family.[when?] This was done on an appeal by Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the eminent educationist and social reformer during the renaissance in Bengal. The Zamindar family, commonly referred to as Rajas, have contributed to the spread of education; in particular, they have taken initiative and built momentum for female education in and around the Kandi subdivision.

Arts and culture[edit | edit source]

The region has a local sweet confectionery called monohara.

Notable people[edit | edit source]

Temples and Religious Centers[edit | edit source]

  • Radhaballav Mandir: prominent temple in Kandi.[17]
  • Dakhina Kali Mandir: temple dedicated to the goddess Kali.[18]
  • Gopal Tungi Mandir: Another notable temple in the area.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Kandi, India". www.fallingrain.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Kandi City". Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Section II Town Directory, Pages 981-987: Statement I: Growth History, Pages 990-993: Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 993-995: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 995-1001 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Pages 1 001- 1002: Statement VI: Industry & Banking. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A" (PDF). Physiography, Page 13. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  5. ↑ "Murshidabad". Geography. Murshidabad district authorities. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  6. ↑ Ray, Nihar Ranjan, Bangalir Itihas Adi Parba, (in Bengali), 1980 edition, pp. 160-161, Paschim Banga Niraksharata Durikaran Samiti
  7. ↑ Sengupta, Nitish, History of the Bengali-speaking People, p.25, UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
  8. ↑ Majumdar, Dr. R.C., History of Ancient Bengal, first published 1971, reprint 2005, pp. 5-6, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, ISBN 81-89118-01-3.
  9. ↑ "District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B" (PDF). District Primary Census Abstract page 26. Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  10. ↑ "Kandi Master Plan (A comprehensive flood management scheme for Murshidabad and Birbhum)".
  11. ↑ "District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B" (PDF). Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 801661, page 44-45. Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  12. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  13. ↑ "Kandi Raj College". KRC. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  14. ↑ "Kandi Raj College". College Admission. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "Raja Birendra Chandra College". RBCC Kandi. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  16. ↑ "Bimal Chandra College of Law". BCCL. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  17. ↑ "Murshidabad News: লালাবাবুর তিরোধানে কান্দির রাধাবল্লভ মন্দিরে ৬৪ মোহান্ত ভোগ! জানেন এর ইতিহাস?". bengali.news18.com (in Bengali). 13 June 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
  18. ↑ ব্যাঘ্র রূপে পূজিত হন দোহালিয়ার মা দক্ষিণা কালী. Aajkaal Sarod (in Bengali). 29 October 2024. Archived from the original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved 7 April 2025.

External links[edit | edit source]

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