Federated state: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:07, 4 April 2026

Federated states of various types exist within many of the modern federal states (represented in green).

A federated state (also known as state, province, region, canton, land, governorate, oblast, emirate, or country) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation.^[1] A federated state does not have international sovereignty since powers are divided between the other federated states and the federal government. Unlike international sovereign states, which have what is often referred to as Westphalian sovereignty (such as exercised by their federal government), federated states operate under their domestic or federal law with relation to the rest of the world.

Federated states do not have automatic standing as entities of international law. Instead, the federal union (federation) as a single entity is the sovereign state for purposes of international law.^[2] Depending on the constitutional structure of a particular federation, a federated state can hold various degrees of legislative, judicial, and administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government. A federated state may nonetheless establish offices internationally, for example, to promote trade or tourism, while still operating only within the trade policy or other applicable law of their federation, and their host country. They also may enter into international regional agreements under the laws of their federation and state, such as to protect a cross-border resource like water or other shared matters.

In some cases, a federation is created from the union of political entities that are either independent or dependent territories of another sovereign entity (most commonly a colonial power).^{[upper-alpha 1]} In other cases, federated states have been created out of the administrative divisions of previously unitary states.^{[upper-alpha 2]} Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not international law.

In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities – states, provinces, counties, cantons, Länder, etc. – are partially self-governing and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed autonomy that varies substantially from one federation to another.^{[upper-alpha 3]} Depending on the form the decentralization of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or vetoed by the federal government. Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the national or federal constitution, and, if they exist, state constitutions as well.

In terms of internal politics, federated states can have republican or monarchical forms of government. Those of republican form (federated republics) are usually called states (like states of the US) or republics (like republics in the former USSR).

List of constituents by federation[edit | edit source]

The federated units in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it. ^{[citation needed]}

Federation	Federated units	Other units
Argentina^[3]	23 provinces: Template:Country data Buenos Aires Province Template:Country data Catamarca Template:Country data Chaco Template:Country data Chubut Template:Country data Córdoba Template:Country data Corrientes Template:Country data Entre Ríos Template:Country data Formosa Template:Country data Jujuy Template:Country data La Pampa Template:Country data La Rioja (Argentina) Template:Country data Mendoza Template:Country data Misiones Template:Country data Neuquén Template:Country data Río Negro (Argentina) Template:Country data Salta Template:Country data San Juan Template:Country data San Luis Template:Country data Santa Cruz Template:Country data Santa Fe Template:Country data Santiago del Estero Template:Country data Tierra del Fuego Template:Country data Tucumán	1 autonomous city: Template:Country data Buenos Aires^{[upper-alpha 4]}
Australia^[4]	6 states: Template:Country data New South Wales Template:Country data Queensland Template:Country data South Australia Template:Country data Tasmania Template:Country data Victoria Template:Country data Western Australia	3 internal territories: Template:Country data Australian Capital Territory^{[upper-alpha 4]} Jervis Bay Territory Template:Country data Northern Territory
Australia^[4]		7 external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands Australian Antarctic Territory Template:Country data Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands Territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands Template:Country data Norfolk Island
Austria^[5]	9 states: Template:Country data Vienna^{[upper-alpha 4]} Template:Country data Lower Austria Template:Country data Upper Austria Template:Country data Styria Template:Country data Tyrol Template:Country data Carinthia Template:Country data Salzburg Template:Country data Vorarlberg Template:Country data Burgenland
Belgium^[6]	3 regions:^{[upper-alpha 5]} Template:Country data Flemish Region Template:Country data Wallonia Template:Country data Brussels-Capital Region^{[upper-alpha 4]}
Belgium^[6]	3 communities:^{[upper-alpha 6]} Template:Country data Flemish Community Template:Country data French Community Template:Country data German-speaking Community
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2 entities:^{[upper-alpha 7]} Republika Srpska Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina	1 self-governing district: Brčko (officially condominium of both constituents)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself a federation of 10 cantons: Una-Sana Posavina Tuzla Zenica-Doboj Bosnian Podrinje Central Bosnia Herzegovina-Neretva West Herzegovina Sarajevo^{[upper-alpha 4]} Canton 10^[7]
Brazil^[8]	26 states: Template:Country data Acre Template:Country data Alagoas Template:Country data Amapá Template:Country data Amazonas Template:Country data Bahia Template:Country data Ceará Template:Country data Espírito Santo Template:Country data Goiás Template:Country data Maranhão Template:Country data Mato Grosso Template:Country data Mato Grosso do Sul Template:Country data Minas Gerais Template:Country data Pará Template:Country data Paraíba Template:Country data Paraná Template:Country data Pernambuco Template:Country data Piauí Template:Country data Rio de Janeiro Template:Country data Rio Grande do Norte Template:Country data Rio Grande do Sul Template:Country data Rondônia Template:Country data Roraima Template:Country data Santa Catarina Template:Country data São Paulo Template:Country data Sergipe Template:Country data Tocantins
Brazil^[8]	1 federal district: Template:Country data Brazilian Federal District^{[upper-alpha 4]}^{[upper-alpha 8]}
Canada^[9]	10 provinces: Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan	3 territories: Northwest Territories Nunavut Yukon
Comoros^[10]	3 autonomous islands: Template:Country data Anjouan Template:Country data Grande Comore Template:Country data Mohéli
Ethiopia^[11]	12 regions: Afar Amhara Benishangul-Gumuz Template:Country data Central Ethiopia Regional State Central Ethiopia Gambela Harari Oromia Sidama Somali South Ethiopia Southwest Tigray	2 chartered cities: Addis Ababa^{[upper-alpha 4]} Dire Dawa
Germany^[12]	16 states: Template:Country data Baden-Württemberg Template:Country data Bavaria Template:Country data Berlin^{[upper-alpha 4]} Template:Country data Brandenburg Template:Country data Bremen Template:Country data Hamburg Template:Country data Hesse Template:Country data Lower Saxony Template:Country data Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Template:Country data North Rhine-Westphalia Template:Country data Rhineland-Palatinate Template:Country data Saarland Template:Country data Saxony Template:Country data Saxony-Anhalt Template:Country data Schleswig-Holstein Template:Country data Thuringia
India^[13]	28 states: Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal	8 union territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu National Capital Territory of Delhi^{[upper-alpha 4]} Jammu and Kashmir^{[upper-alpha 9]} Ladakh^{[upper-alpha 9]} Lakshadweep Puducherry
Iraq^[14]	19 governorates: Al Anbar Erbil Babylon Baghdad^{[upper-alpha 4]} Basra Dhi Qar Diyala Duhok Halabja Karbala Kirkuk Maysan Muthanna Najaf Nineveh Al-Qādisiyyah File:Flag of Saladin Governorate, Iraq.svg Saladin Sulaymaniyah Wasit	1 federal region: Template:Country data Kurdistan Region^{[upper-alpha 10]} (overlaps the area of Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah—including Halabja—governorates)
Malaysia^[15]	13 states: Template:Country data Johor Template:Country data Kedah Template:Country data Kelantan Template:Country data Malacca Template:Country data Negeri Sembilan Template:Country data Pahang Template:Country data Penang Template:Country data Perak Template:Country data Perlis Template:Country data Sabah Sarawak Template:Country data Selangor Template:Country data Terengganu	3 federal territories: Template:Country data Putrajaya Template:Country data Kuala Lumpur^{[upper-alpha 4]} Template:Country data Labuan
Mexico^[16]	31 states: Template:Country data Aguascalientes Template:Country data Baja California Template:Country data Baja California Sur Template:Country data Campeche Template:Country data Chiapas Template:Country data Chihuahua Template:Country data Coahuila Template:Country data Colima Template:Country data Durango Template:Country data Guanajuato Template:Country data Guerrero Template:Country data Hidalgo Template:Country data Jalisco Template:Country data State of Mexico Template:Country data Michoacán Template:Country data Morelos Template:Country data Nayarit Template:Country data Nuevo León Template:Country data Oaxaca Template:Country data Puebla Template:Country data Querétaro Template:Country data Quintana Roo Template:Country data San Luis Potosí Template:Country data Sinaloa Template:Country data Sonora Template:Country data Tabasco Template:Country data Tamaulipas Template:Country data Tlaxcala Template:Country data Veracruz Template:Country data Yucatán Template:Country data Zacatecas
Mexico^[16]	1 autonomous city: Template:Country data Mexican Federal District^{[upper-alpha 4]}
Template:Country data Micronesia^[17]	4 states: Template:Country data Chuuk Template:Country data Kosrae Template:Country data Pohnpei Template:Country data Yap
Nepal	7 provinces: Bagmati Gandaki Karnali Koshi Lumbini Madhesh Sudurpashchim
Nigeria^[18]	36 states: Abia Adamawa Akwa Ibom Anambra Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Cross River Delta Ebonyi Edo Ekiti Enugu Gombe Imo Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Lagos Nasarawa Niger Ogun Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Rivers Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara	1 territory: Federal Capital Territory^{[upper-alpha 4]}
Pakistan^[19]	4 provinces: Template:Country data Balochistan Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Template:Country data Punjab Sindh	2 autonomous territories:^{[upper-alpha 7]} Template:Country data Azad Kashmir^{[upper-alpha 9]} Gilgit-Baltistan^{[upper-alpha 9]}
Pakistan^[19]		1 federal territory: Template:Country data Islamabad^{[upper-alpha 4]}
Russia^[20]^[21]	48 oblasts: Template:Country data Amur Oblast Template:Country data Arkhangelsk Oblast Template:Country data Astrakhan Oblast Template:Country data Belgorod Oblast Template:Country data Bryansk Oblast Template:Country data Chelyabinsk Oblast Template:Country data Irkutsk Oblast Template:Country data Ivanovo Oblast Template:Country data Kaliningrad Oblast Template:Country data Kaluga Oblast Template:Country data Kemerovo Oblast Template:Country data Kirov Oblast Template:Country data Kherson Oblast (Russia)^{[upper-alpha 11]} Template:Country data Kostroma Oblast Template:Country data Kurgan Oblast Template:Country data Kursk Oblast Template:Country data Leningrad Oblast Template:Country data Lipetsk Oblast Template:Country data Magadan Oblast Template:Country data Moscow Oblast Template:Country data Murmansk Oblast Template:Country data Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Template:Country data Novgorod Oblast Template:Country data Novosibirsk Oblast Template:Country data Omsk Oblast Template:Country data Orenburg Oblast Template:Country data Oryol Oblast Template:Country data Penza Oblast Template:Country data Pskov Oblast Template:Country data Rostov Oblast Template:Country data Ryazan Oblast Template:Country data Sakhalin Oblast Template:Country data Samara Oblast Template:Country data Saratov Oblast Template:Country data Smolensk Oblast Template:Country data Sverdlovsk Oblast Template:Country data Tambov Oblast Template:Country data Tomsk Oblast Template:Country data Tver Oblast Template:Country data Tula Oblast Template:Country data Tyumen Oblast Template:Country data Ulyanovsk Oblast Template:Country data Vladimir Oblast Template:Country data Volgograd Oblast Template:Country data Vologda Oblast Template:Country data Voronezh Oblast Template:Country data Yaroslavl Oblast Template:Country data Zaporizhzhia Oblast (Russia)^{[upper-alpha 11]}
	24 republics:^{[upper-alpha 7]} Template:Country data Adygea Template:Country data Altai Republic Template:Country data Bashkortostan Template:Country data Buryatia Template:Country data Chechnya Template:Country data Chuvashia Template:Country data Republic of Crimea^{[upper-alpha 11]} Template:Country data Dagestan Donetsk^{[upper-alpha 11]} Template:Country data Ingushetia Template:Country data Kabardino-Balkaria Template:Country data Kalmykia Template:Country data Karachay-Cherkessia Template:Country data Karelia Template:Country data Khakassia Template:Country data Komi Luhansk^{[upper-alpha 11]} Template:Country data Mari El Template:Country data Mordovia Template:Country data North Ossetia-Alania Template:Country data Sakha Republic Template:Country data Tatarstan Template:Country data Tuva Template:Country data Udmurtia
	9 krais: Template:Country data Altai Krai Template:Country data Kamchatka Krai Template:Country data Khabarovsk Krai Template:Country data Krasnodar Krai Template:Country data Krasnoyarsk Krai Template:Country data Perm Krai Template:Country data Primorsky Krai Template:Country data Stavropol Krai Template:Country data Zabaykalsky Krai
	4 autonomous okrugs:^{[upper-alpha 7]} Template:Country data Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Template:Country data Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug Template:Country data Nenets Autonomous Okrug Template:Country data Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
	3 federal cities: Template:Country data Moscow^{[upper-alpha 4]} Template:Country data Saint Petersburg Template:Country data Sevastopol^{[upper-alpha 11]}
	1 autonomous oblast:^{[upper-alpha 7]} Template:Country data Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1 autonomous island: Template:Country data Nevis	Saint Kitts: Saint Kitts
Somalia^[22]^[23]	7 federal member states:^{[upper-alpha 12]} Template:Country data Galmudug Hirshabelle Template:Country data Jubaland Khatumo Template:Country data Puntland Somaliland^{[upper-alpha 13]} South West^{[upper-alpha 7]}
South Sudan	10 states:^[24] Central Equatoria Eastern Equatoria Jonglei Lakes Northern Bahr el Ghazal Unity Upper Nile Warrap Western Bahr el Ghazal Western Equatoria	3 administrative areas:^[24] Abyei^{[upper-alpha 9]} Greater Pibor Ruweng
Sudan^[25]	18 states: Blue Nile Central Darfur East Darfur Gezira Kassala Khartoum^{[upper-alpha 4]} North Darfur North Kordofan Northern Al Qadarif Red Sea Sennar South Darfur South Kordofan River Nile West Darfur West Kordofan White Nile	1 special administrative status area:^[26] Abyei^{[upper-alpha 9]}
Switzerland^[27]	26 cantons: Template:Country data Aargau Template:Country data Appenzell Ausserrhoden Template:Country data Appenzell Innerrhoden Template:Country data Basel-Landschaft Template:Country data Basel-Stadt Template:Country data Bern Template:Country data Fribourg Template:Country data Geneva Template:Country data Glarus Template:Country data Grisons Template:Country data Jura Template:Country data Lucerne Template:Country data Neuchâtel Template:Country data Nidwalden Template:Country data Obwalden Template:Country data Schaffhausen Template:Country data Schwyz Template:Country data Solothurn Template:Country data St. Gallen Template:Country data Thurgau Template:Country data Ticino Template:Country data Uri Template:Country data Valais Template:Country data Vaud Template:Country data Zug Template:Country data Zürich
United Arab Emirates^[28]	7 emirates: Template:Country data Abu Dhabi Template:Country data Ajman Template:Country data Dubai Fujairah Template:Country data Ras Al Khaimah Template:Country data Sharjah Template:Country data Umm al-Quwain
United States^[29]	50 states: Template:Country data Alabama Template:Country data Alaska Template:Country data Arizona Template:Country data Arkansas Template:Country data California Template:Country data Colorado Template:Country data Connecticut Template:Country data Delaware Template:Country data Florida File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg Georgia Template:Country data Hawaii Template:Country data Idaho Illinois Template:Country data Indiana Template:Country data Iowa Template:Country data Kansas Template:Country data Kentucky Template:Country data Louisiana Template:Country data Maine Template:Country data Maryland Template:Country data Massachusetts Template:Country data Michigan Template:Country data Minnesota Template:Country data Mississippi Template:Country data Missouri Template:Country data Montana Template:Country data Nebraska Template:Country data Nevada Template:Country data New Hampshire Template:Country data New Jersey Template:Country data New Mexico Template:Country data New York Template:Country data North Carolina Template:Country data North Dakota Template:Country data Ohio Template:Country data Oklahoma Template:Country data Oregon Template:Country data Pennsylvania Template:Country data Rhode Island Template:Country data South Carolina Template:Country data South Dakota Template:Country data Tennessee Template:Country data Texas Template:Country data Utah Template:Country data Vermont Template:Country data Virginia Template:Country data Washington (state) Template:Country data West Virginia Template:Country data Wisconsin Template:Country data Wyoming	1 federal district: Template:Country data District of Columbia^{[upper-alpha 4]}
		1 incorporated territory: Palmyra Atoll
		13 unincorporated territories: Template:Country data American Samoa Template:Country data Guam Template:Country data Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Template:Country data U.S. Virgin Islands Minor outlying islands: Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Wake Island Bajo Nuevo Bank^{[upper-alpha 9]} Serranilla Bank^{[upper-alpha 9]}
Venezuela^[30]	23 states: Amazonas Template:Country data Anzoátegui Template:Country data Apure Template:Country data Aragua Template:Country data Barinas Template:Country data Bolívar Template:Country data Carabobo Template:Country data Cojedes Template:Country data Delta Amacuro Template:Country data Falcón Template:Country data Guárico Template:Country data Lara Template:Country data Mérida Template:Country data Miranda Template:Country data Monagas Template:Country data Nueva Esparta Template:Country data Portuguesa Template:Country data Sucre Template:Country data Táchira Template:Country data Trujillo Template:Country data Vargas Template:Country data Yaracuy Template:Country data Zulia	1 capital district: Template:Country data Caracas Template:Preview warning Distrito Capital^{[upper-alpha 4]}
Venezuela^[30]		1 federal dependency: Template:Country data Federal Dependencies of Venezuela

Notes[edit | edit source]

↑ Examples are Australia, Canada and the United States.
↑ This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.
↑ For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringements from the central government than most non-Western federations.
↑ ^4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 ^4.10 ^4.11 ^4.12 ^4.13 ^4.14 ^4.15 ^4.16 ^4.17 Federal capital district, region or territory.
↑ Flanders and Wallonia are subdivided into five provinces each, which are mandated by the Constitution of Belgium. Provincial governance is the responsibility of the regional governments.
↑ The communities and regions of Belgium are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 autonomous area
↑ The Brazilian federal district has a level of self-ruling equal to the other main federal units.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 ^9.5 ^9.6 ^9.7 Sovereignty over territory actively disputed by another sovereign state or the international community.
↑ Has the authority to manage its internal affairs, provided it does not conflict with the provisions of the constitution of Iraq and/or the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 ^11.5 Claimed by Ukraine and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine.
↑ Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.
↑ Partially recognized by one UN member state. Claimed by Somalia and considered by most of the international community to be part of Somalia.

References[edit | edit source]

↑ The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition, pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. ISBN 978-0-19-551771-2.
↑ Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
↑ Daniel, Kate; Special Broadcasting Service Corporation (2008). SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. p. 827. ISBN 978-1-74066-648-0. p26. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p38
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p46
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p74
↑ "Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Canton 10". Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p101
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p132
↑ "Comoros". CIA. Archived from the original on 2025-08-30. Retrieved 2025-09-17.
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p239
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p275
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p328
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p346
↑ "CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACT 2022" (PDF). Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia. January 25, 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p481
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p486
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p537
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p549
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p600
↑ "Chapter 3. The Federal Structure: Article 65". The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
↑ "The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution" (PDF). Federal Republic of Somalia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
↑ "Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution". Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1 Mednick, Sam (2020-02-23). "After 6 years of war, will peace finally come to South Sudan? | News". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2020-08-20. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p687
↑ "Sudan: Protocol on the resolution of Abyei conflict – Sudan". ReliefWeb. 26 May 2004. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p700
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p760
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p774
↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p798

Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration

[3] Examples are Australia, Canada and the United States.

[4] This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.

[5] For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringements from the central government than most non-Western federations.

[fedcap-7] 4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 ^4.10 ^4.11 ^4.12 ^4.13 ^4.14 ^4.15 ^4.16 ^4.17 Federal capital district, region or territory.

[11] Flanders and Wallonia are subdivided into five provinces each, which are mandated by the Constitution of Belgium. Provincial governance is the responsibility of the regional governments.

[12] The communities and regions of Belgium are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.

[autonarea-13] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 autonomous area

[16] The Brazilian federal district has a level of self-ruling equal to the other main federal units.

[sovdisp-22] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 ^9.5 ^9.6 ^9.7 Sovereignty over territory actively disputed by another sovereign state or the international community.

[24] Has the authority to manage its internal affairs, provided it does not conflict with the provisions of the constitution of Iraq and/or the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government.

[claimed-32] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 ^11.5 Claimed by Ukraine and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine.

[35] Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.

[Somaliland-36] Partially recognized by one UN member state. Claimed by Somalia and considered by most of the international community to be part of Somalia.

[1] The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition, pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. ISBN 978-0-19-551771-2.

[2] Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

[sbswg2008-6] Daniel, Kate; Special Broadcasting Service Corporation (2008). SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. p. 827. ISBN 978-1-74066-648-0. p26. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2020-11-11.

[8] SBS World Guide 2008, p38

[9] SBS World Guide 2008, p46

[10] SBS World Guide 2008, p74

[14] "Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Canton 10". Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.

[15] SBS World Guide 2008, p101

[17] SBS World Guide 2008, p132

[18] "Comoros". CIA. Archived from the original on 2025-08-30. Retrieved 2025-09-17.

[19] SBS World Guide 2008, p239

[20] SBS World Guide 2008, p275

[21] SBS World Guide 2008, p328

[23] SBS World Guide 2008, p346

[25] "CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACT 2022" (PDF). Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia. January 25, 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2024.

[26] SBS World Guide 2008, p481

[27] SBS World Guide 2008, p486

[28] SBS World Guide 2008, p537

[29] SBS World Guide 2008, p549

[30] SBS World Guide 2008, p600

[31] "Chapter 3. The Federal Structure: Article 65". The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2010-07-11.

[FRSom-33] "The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution" (PDF). Federal Republic of Somalia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.

[Gttsdpc-34] "Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution". Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.

[auto-37] 24.0 ^24.1 Mednick, Sam (2020-02-23). "After 6 years of war, will peace finally come to South Sudan? | News". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2020-08-20. Retrieved 2021-12-07.

[38] SBS World Guide 2008, p687

[39] "Sudan: Protocol on the resolution of Abyei conflict – Sudan". ReliefWeb. 26 May 2004. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-21.

[40] SBS World Guide 2008, p700

[41] SBS World Guide 2008, p760

[42] SBS World Guide 2008, p774

[43] SBS World Guide 2008, p798

[1]

[2]

[upper-alpha 1]

[upper-alpha 2]

[upper-alpha 3]

[3]

[upper-alpha 4]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[upper-alpha 5]

[upper-alpha 6]

[upper-alpha 7]

[7]

[8]

[upper-alpha 8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[upper-alpha 9]

[14]

[upper-alpha 10]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[upper-alpha 11]

[22]

[23]

[upper-alpha 12]

[upper-alpha 13]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

Federated state: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:07, 4 April 2026

Contents

List of constituents by federation[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federal union}}
 {{Redirect|Federated states|the western Pacific state|Federated States of Micronesia}}
-{{Distinguish|Federation}}
+{{Distinguish|Federation|Federal republic}}
-[[File:Map of unitary and federal states.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|Federated states of various types exist within many of the modern [[federation|federal states]] (represented in green color)]]
+[[File:Map of unitary and federal states.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|Federated states of various types exist within many of the modern [[federation|federal states]] (represented in green).]]
-A '''federated state''' (which may also be referred to as a state, a [[province]], a region, a [[canton (country subdivision)|canton]], a [[Länder|land]], a [[governorate]], an [[oblast]], an [[emirate]], or a [[country]]) is a territorial and [[constitution]]al community forming part of a [[federation]].<ref>''The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition'', pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. {{ISBN|978-0-19-551771-2}}.</ref> Such states differ from fully [[sovereign state]]s, in that they do not have full sovereign powers, as the sovereign powers have been divided between the federated states and the central or federal government. Importantly, federated states do not have standing as entities of international law. Instead, the federal union as a single entity is the [[sovereign state]] for purposes of international law.<ref>Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.</ref> Depending on the constitutional structure of a particular federation, a federated state can hold various degrees of legislative, judicial, and administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government.
+A '''federated state''' (also known as [[State (polity)|state]], [[province]], [[region]], [[Canton (administrative division)|canton]],  [[Länder|land]],  [[governorate]],  [[oblast]], [[emirate]], or  [[country]]) is a [[territorial]] and [[constitution]]al community forming part of a [[federation]].<ref>''The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition'', pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. {{ISBN|978-0-19-551771-2}}.</ref> A federated state does not have international [[sovereignty]] since powers are divided between the other federated states and the [[federal government]]. Unlike international [[sovereign state]]s, which have what is often referred to as [[Westphalian sovereignty]] (such as exercised by their federal government), federated states operate under their domestic or federal law with relation to the rest of the world.
-In some cases, a federation is created from the union of political entities that are either independent or [[dependent territories]] of another sovereign entity (most commonly a [[colonial power]]).{{efn-ua|Examples are [[Australia]] and the [[United States]].}} In other cases, federated states have been created out of the [[administrative division]]s of previously [[unitary state]]s.{{efn-ua|This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.}} Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not [[international law]].
+Federated states do not have automatic standing as entities of international law. Instead, the federal union (federation) as a single entity is the sovereign state for purposes of international law.<ref>Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.</ref> Depending on the constitutional structure of a particular federation, a federated state can hold various degrees of legislative, judicial, and administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government.  A federated state may nonetheless establish offices internationally, for example, to promote trade or tourism, while still operating only within the trade policy or other applicable law of their federation, and their host country.  They also may enter into international regional agreements under the laws of their federation and state, such as to protect a cross-border resource like water or other shared matters.
-In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities – states, provinces, counties, cantons, Länder, etc. - are partially [[self-governing]] and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed [[autonomy]] that varies substantially from one federation to another.{{efn-ua|For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringements from the central government than most non-Western federations.}} Depending on the form the [[decentralization]] of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or [[veto]]ed by the federal government. [[Law]]s governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the national or federal constitution, and, if they exist, [[Constitution#Distribution of sovereignty|state constitutions]] as well.
+In some cases, a federation is created from the union of political entities that are either independent or [[dependent territories]] of another sovereign entity (most commonly a [[colonial power]]).{{efn-ua|Examples are [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and the [[United States]].}} In other cases, federated states have been created out of the [[administrative division]]s of previously [[unitary state]]s.{{efn-ua|This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.}} Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not [[international law]].
+In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities – states, provinces, counties, cantons, Länder, etc. – are partially [[self-governing]] and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed [[autonomy]] that varies substantially from one federation to another.{{efn-ua|For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringements from the central government than most non-Western federations.}} Depending on the form the [[decentralization]] of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or [[veto]]ed by the federal government. [[Law]]s governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the national or federal constitution, and, if they exist, [[Constitution#Distribution of sovereignty|state constitutions]] as well.
 In terms of internal politics, federated states can have [[republic]]an or [[monarchical]] forms of government. Those of republican form (federated republics) are usually called ''states'' (like [[states of the US]]) or ''republics'' (like [[Republics of the USSR|republics]] in the former [[USSR]]).
 == List of constituents by federation ==
-The ''federated units'' in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
+The ''federated units'' in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it. {{cn|date=August 2023}}
 {{Further|Federal district|Federal territory}}
 {| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid #aaa;"
 |-
-! style="width:18%;"| Federation !! style="width:61%;"| Federated units !! style="width:21%;"| Other units
+! style="width:18%;" | Federation !! style="width:63%;" | Federated units !! style="width:21%;" | Other units
 |-
 | style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Argentina}}<ref name="sbswg2008">{{cite book |last=Daniel |first=Kate |author2=Special Broadcasting Service Corporation |author2-link=Special Broadcasting Service Corporation |title=SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed. |publisher=Hardie Grant Books |year=2008 |location=Prahran, Victoria, Australia |page=827 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wU1LMAAACAAJ&q=SBS+World+Guide:+The+Complete+Fact+File+On+Every+Country |id=p26 |isbn=978-1-74066-648-0 |access-date=2020-11-11 |archive-date=2021-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727022927/https://books.google.com/books?id=wU1LMAAACAAJ&q=SBS+World+Guide:+The+Complete+Fact+File+On+Every+Country |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 50: / Line 52: @@
 }}
 }}
-|'''[[Provinces of Argentina|1 autonomous city]]:'''
+| '''[[Provinces of Argentina|1 autonomous city]]:'''
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flag|Buenos Aires}}{{efn-ua|name=fedcap|Federal [[Capital districts and territories|capital district, region or territory]].}}
@@ Line 75: / Line 77: @@
 |-
 | '''[[States and territories of Australia|7 external territories]]:'''
-{{plainlist|
+{{plainlist|* {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australian Antarctic Territory]]
 * {{flag|Christmas Island}}
-* {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}
+* {{flagicon image|}} [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Coral Sea Islands Territory]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]
@@ Line 109: / Line 110: @@
 * {{flag|Brussels-Capital Region|name=Brussels}}{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
 }}
 | rowspan="2" |
 |-
 | '''[[Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium|3 communities]]:'''{{efn-ua|The communities and regions of Belgium are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.}}
@@ Line 120: / Line 121: @@
 | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
 | '''[[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|2 entities]]:'''{{efn-ua|name=autonarea|[[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous area]]}}
-{{plainlist|
+{{plainlist|* {{flag|Republika Srpska}}
-* {{flag|Republika Srpska}}
+* {{noflag}} [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
 }}
 | rowspan="2" | '''[[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|1 self-governing district]]:'''
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 |-
 | The '''Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina''' is itself a federation of '''[[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|10 cantons]]''':
-{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
+{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|{{plainlist|
-{{plainlist|
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Una-Sana.svg}} [[Una-Sana Canton|Una-Sana]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Posavina.svg}} [[Posavina Canton|Posavina]]
@@ Line 139: / Line 138: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Central Bosnia.svg}} [[Central Bosnia Canton|Central Bosnia]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg}} [[Herzegovina-Neretva Canton|Herzegovina-Neretva]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg}} [[West Herzegovina Canton|West Herzegovina]]
+* {{noflag|[[West Herzegovina Canton|West Herzegovina]]}}
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Sarajevo Canton.png}} [[Sarajevo Canton|Sarajevo]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg}} [[Canton 10]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Canton 10 |url=http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/hr/open_page_nw.php?l=hr&pid=158 |publisher=Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731121839/http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/hr/open_page_nw.php?l=hr&pid=158 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* {{noflag|[[Canton 10]]}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Canton 10 |url=http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/hr/open_page_nw.php?l=hr&pid=158 |publisher=Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731121839/http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/hr/open_page_nw.php?l=hr&pid=158 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 }}
 }}
@@ Line 150: / Line 149: @@
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flag|Acre}}
+* {{flag|Alagoas}}
 * {{flag|Amapá}}
 * {{flag|Amazonas}}
-* {{flag|Pará}}
-* {{flag|Rondônia}}
-* {{flag|Roraima}}
-* {{flag|Tocantins}}
-* {{flag|Alagoas}}
 * {{flag|Bahia}}
 * {{flag|Ceará}}
+* {{flag|Espírito Santo}}
+* {{flag|Goiás}}
 * {{flag|Maranhão}}
+* {{flag|Mato Grosso}}
+* {{flag|Mato Grosso do Sul}}
+* {{flag|Minas Gerais}}
+* {{flag|Pará}}
 * {{flag|Paraíba}}
+* {{flag|Paraná}}
 * {{flag|Pernambuco}}
 * {{flag|Piauí}}
+* {{flag|Rio de Janeiro}}
 * {{flag|Rio Grande do Norte}}
-* {{flag|Sergipe}}
-* {{flag|Goiás}}
-* {{flag|Mato Grosso}}
-* {{flag|Mato Grosso do Sul}}
-* {{flag|Espírito Santo}}
-* {{flag|Minas Gerais}}
-* {{flag|Rio de Janeiro}}
-* {{flag|São Paulo}}
-* {{flag|Paraná}}
 * {{flag|Rio Grande do Sul}}
+* {{flag|Rondônia}}
+* {{flag|Roraima}}
 * {{flag|Santa Catarina}}
+* {{flag|São Paulo}}
+* {{flag|Sergipe}}
+* {{flag|Tocantins}}
 }}
 }}
 | rowspan="2" |
 |-
 | '''[[States of Brazil|1 federal district]]:'''
@@ Line 207: / Line 206: @@
 }}
 |-
-| style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Comoros}}
+| style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Comoros}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Comoros|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros/ |website=[[CIA]] |language=en |access-date=2025-09-17|archive-date=2025-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830143618/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros/ }}</ref>
-| '''[[Comoros|3 islands]]:'''{{efn-ua|name=autonarea}}
+| '''[[Subdivisions of the Comoros|3 autonomous islands]]:'''
+{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flag|Anjouan}}
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
 * {{flag|Mohéli}}
 }}
-|
+}}
 |-
 | style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Ethiopia}}<ref>SBS World Guide 2008, p239</ref>
-| '''[[Regions of Ethiopia|11 regions]]:'''
+| '''[[Regions of Ethiopia|12 regions]]:'''
 {{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
 {{plainlist|
@@ Line 223: / Line 223: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Amhara Region.svg}} [[Amhara Region|Amhara]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region.svg}} [[Benishangul-Gumuz Region|Benishangul-Gumuz]]
+* {{flagdeco|Central Ethiopia Regional State}} [[Central Ethiopia Regional State|Central Ethiopia]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Gambella Region.svg}} [[Gambela Region|Gambela]]
 * {{flagicon image|Harari Flag.svg}} [[Harari Region|Harari]]
@@ Line 228: / Line 229: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Sidama.svg}} [[Sidama Region|Sidama]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Somali Region (1994-2008).svg}} [[Somali Region|Somali]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of South West Ethiopia.svg}} [[South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region|South West]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Southern Ethiopia.svg}} [[South Ethiopia Regional State|South Ethiopia]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region.svg}} [[Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region|Southern]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of South West Ethiopia.svg}} [[South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region|Southwest]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Tigray Region.svg}} [[Tigray Region|Tigray]]
 }}
@@ Line 236: / Line 237: @@
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Addis Ababa.svg}} [[Addis Ababa]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Dire Dawa.png}} [[Dire Dawa]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.png}} [[Dire Dawa]]
 }}
 |-
@@ Line 268: / Line 269: @@
 {{plainlist|
 * [[Andhra Pradesh]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Arunachal Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
+* [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
-* {{flagicon image|Seal of Assam.svg}} [[Assam]]
+* [[Assam]]
-* {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
+* [[Bihar]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Chhattisgarh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Chhattisgarh]]
+* [[Chhattisgarh]]
 * [[Goa]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Gujarat.svg}} [[Gujarat]]
+* [[Gujarat]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Haryana Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Haryana]]
+* [[Haryana]]
-*[[Himachal Pradesh]]
+* [[Himachal Pradesh]]
-* {{flagicon image|Government banner of Jharkhand.png}} [[Jharkhand]]
+* [[Jharkhand]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Karnataka Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Karnataka]]
+* [[Karnataka]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Kerala]]
+* [[Kerala]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Madhya Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]
+* [[Madhya Pradesh]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Maharashtra]]
+* [[Maharashtra]]
 * [[Manipur]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Meghalaya Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Meghalaya]]
+* [[Meghalaya]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Mizoram Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Mizoram]]
+* [[Mizoram]]
-*  [[Nagaland]]
+* [[Nagaland]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
+* [[Odisha]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Punjab Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
+* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Rajasthan Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Rajasthan]]
+* [[Rajasthan]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Government of Sikkim.svg}} [[Sikkim]]
+* [[Sikkim]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Tamil Nadu]]
+* [[Tamil Nadu]]
 * [[Telangana]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Tiripura Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Tripura]]
+* [[Tripura]]
-* {{flagicon image|..Uttar Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Uttar Pradesh]]
+* [[Uttar Pradesh]]
 * [[Uttarakhand]]
-* {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
+* [[West Bengal]]
 }}
 }}
 | '''[[Union territory|8 union territories]]:'''
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flagicon image|Andaman and Nicobar Administration Banner.png}} [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
+* [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
 * [[Chandigarh]]
-* {{flagicon image|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png}} [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
+* [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}} [[Delhi|National Capital Territory of Delhi]] {{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
+* [[Delhi|National Capital Territory of Delhi]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
-* {{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.png}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] {{efn-ua|name=sovdisp|Sovereignty over territory actively disputed by another sovereign state or the international community.}}
+* [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp|Sovereignty over territory actively disputed by another sovereign state or the international community.}}
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Ladakh, India.svg}} [[Ladakh]] {{efn-ua|name=sovdisp|Sovereignty over territory actively disputed by another sovereign state or the international community.}}
+* [[Ladakh]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp|Sovereignty over territory actively disputed by another sovereign state or the international community.}}
 * [[Lakshadweep]]
-* {{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}} [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]}}
+* [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]}}
 |-
 | style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Iraq}}<ref>SBS World Guide 2008, p346</ref>
@@ Line 312: / Line 313: @@
 {{columns-list|colwidth=7.5em|
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Al Anbar Governorate.png}} [[Al Anbar Governorate|Al Anbar]]
+* [[Al Anbar Governorate|Al Anbar]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Arbil governorate|Arbil]]
+* [[Erbil governorate|Erbil]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Babil Governorate.png}} [[Babil Governorate|Babil]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Babylon Governorate.svg}} [[Babylon Governorate|Babylon]]
 * [[Baghdad Governorate|Baghdad]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Basra Governorate.svg}} [[Basra Governorate|Basra]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Dhi Qar Governorate|Dhi Qar]]
+* [[Dhi Qar Governorate|Dhi Qar]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Diyala Governorate.png}} [[Diyala Governorate|Diyala]]
-* {{Flagicon image|Dohuk Governorate logo.jpg}} [[Dohuk Governorate|Dohuk]]
+* [[Dohuk Governorate|Duhok]]
 * [[Halabja Governorate|Halabja]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Karbala Governorate|Karbala]]
+* [[Karbala Governorate|Karbala]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kirkuk Governorate.png}} [[Kirkuk Governorate|Kirkuk]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kirkuk Governorate.svg}} [[Kirkuk Governorate|Kirkuk]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Maysan Governorate|Maysan]]
+* [[Maysan Governorate|Maysan]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Muthanna governorate|Muthanna]]
+* [[Muthanna governorate|Muthanna]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Najaf Governorate|Najaf]]
+* [[Najaf Governorate|Najaf]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Nineveh Governorate.png}} [[Nineveh Governorate|Nineveh]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Nineveh Governorate.svg}} [[Nineveh Governorate|Nineveh]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate|Al-Qādisiyyah]]
+* [[Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate|Al-Qādisiyyah]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Saladin Governorate, Iraq.svg}} [[Saladin Governorate|Saladin]]
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Sulaymaniyah Governorate|Sulaymaniyah]]
+* [[Sulaymaniyah Governorate|Sulaymaniyah]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Wasit Governorate.png}} [[Wasit Governorate|Wasit]]
+* [[Wasit Governorate|Wasit]]
 }}
 }}
-| '''[[Governorates of Iraq|1 autonomous region]]:'''
+| '''[[Autonomous administrative division|1 federal region]]:'''
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flag|Iraqi Kurdistan}}{{efn-ua|name=autonarea}} (''region overlaps the area of the governorates'')
+* {{flag|Kurdistan Region}}{{efn-ua|Has the authority to manage its internal affairs, provided it does not conflict with the provisions of the constitution of Iraq and/or the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government.}} (''overlaps the area of Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah—including Halabja—governorates'')
 }}
 |-
-| style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Malaysia}}<ref>SBS World Guide 2008, p460</ref>
+| style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Malaysia}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2022 |title=CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACT 2022 |url=https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/1721506_BI/Act%20A1642.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928194927/https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/1721506_BI/Act%20A1642.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |website=Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia }}</ref>
 | '''[[States of Malaysia|13 states]]:'''
 {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
@@ Line 381: / Line 382: @@
 * {{flag|Hidalgo}}
 * {{flag|Jalisco}}
-* {{flag|México}}
+* {{flag|State of Mexico}}
 * {{flag|Michoacán}}
 * {{flag|Morelos}}
@@ Line 401: / Line 402: @@
 }}
 }}
 | rowspan="2" |
 |-
 | '''[[States of Mexico|1 autonomous city]]:'''
@@ Line 441: / Line 442: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Akwa Ibom State.svg}} [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Anambra State.png}} [[Anambra State|Anambra]]
-* {{flagicon image|Bauchi State Coat of arms.png}} [[Bauchi State|Bauchi]]
+* [[Bauchi State|Bauchi]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Bayelsa State.svg}} [[Bayelsa State|Bayelsa]]
 * {{flagicon image|Seal of Benue State.png}} [[Benue State|Benue]]
 * {{flagicon image|Borno State Flag.gif}} [[Borno State|Borno]]
 * {{flagicon image|Cross River State Flag.svg}} [[Cross River State|Cross River]]
-* {{flagicon image|Delta State Flag.gif}} [[Delta State|Delta]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Delta State.gif}} [[Delta State|Delta]]
 * {{flagicon image|Seal of Ebonyi State.png}} [[Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]]
 * {{flagicon image|Edo State Flag.png}} [[Edo State|Edo]]
@@ Line 453: / Line 454: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Gombe State.svg}} [[Gombe State|Gombe]]
 * {{flagicon image|Imo State Flag.svg}} [[Imo State|Imo]]
-* {{flagicon image|Jigawa State Flag.png}} [[Jigawa State|Jigawa]]
+* [[Jigawa State|Jigawa]]
-* {{flagicon image|Kaduna State Flag.png}} [[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]
+* [[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]
 * {{flagicon image|Kano State flag official.png}} [[Kano State|Kano]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Katsina State.svg}} [[Katsina State|Katsina]]
@@ Line 462: / Line 463: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Lagos State Flag.gif}} [[Lagos State|Lagos]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Nasarawa State.png}} [[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Niger State.png}} [[Niger State|Niger]]
+* [[Niger State|Niger]]
 * {{flagicon image|Ogun State Flag.jpg}} [[Ogun State|Ogun]]
-* {{flagicon image|Ondo State Flag.jpg}} [[Ondo State|Ondo]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Ondo State.png}} [[Ondo State|Ondo]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Osun State, Nigeria.svg}} [[Osun State|Osun]]
 * {{flagicon image|Oyo State Flag.svg}} [[Oyo State|Oyo]]
@@ Line 470: / Line 471: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Rivers State Flag.svg}} [[Rivers State|Rivers]]
 * {{flagicon image|Sokoto State Flag.svg}} [[Sokoto State|Sokoto]]
-* {{flagicon image|Taraba State Coat of Arms.png}} [[Taraba State|Taraba]]
+* [[Taraba State|Taraba]]
 * {{flagicon image|Yobe State Flag.png}} [[Yobe State|Yobe]]
 * {{flagicon image|Zamfara State Flag.svg}} [[Zamfara State|Zamfara]]
@@ Line 477: / Line 478: @@
 | '''[[Federal territory|1 territory]]:'''
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flagicon image|}} [[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|Federal Capital Territory]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Abuja.svg}} [[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|Federal Capital Territory]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
 }}
 |-
@@ Line 491: / Line 492: @@
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flag|Azad Kashmir|name=Azad Jammu and Kashmir}}{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
-* {{flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
+* [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
 }}
 |-
@@ Line 498: / Line 499: @@
 |-
 | rowspan="6" style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Russia}}<ref>SBS World Guide 2008, p600</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm |title=Chapter 3. The Federal Structure: Article 65 |work=The Constitution of the Russian Federation |access-date=2010-07-11 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225132251/http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
-| '''[[Oblasts of Russia|46 oblasts]]:'''
+| '''[[Oblasts of Russia|48 oblasts]]:'''
 {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
 {{plainlist|
@@ Line 513: / Line 514: @@
 * {{flag|Kemerovo Oblast|name=Kemerovo}}
 * {{flag|Kirov Oblast|name=Kirov}}
+* ''{{flagcountry|Kherson Oblast (Russia)|name=Kherson}}''{{efn-ua|name=claimed}}
 * {{flag|Kostroma Oblast|name=Kostroma}}
 * {{flag|Kurgan Oblast|name=Kurgan}}
@@ Line 547: / Line 549: @@
 * {{flag|Voronezh Oblast|name=Voronezh}}
 * {{flag|Yaroslavl Oblast|name=Yaroslavl}}
+* ''{{flagcountry|Zaporizhzhia Oblast (Russia)}}''{{efn-ua|name=claimed}}
 }}
 }}
 | rowspan="6" |
 |-
-| '''[[Republics of Russia|21 republics]]:'''{{efn-ua|name=autonarea}}
+| '''[[Republics of Russia|24 republics]]:'''{{efn-ua|name=autonarea}}
 {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
 {{plainlist|
@@ Line 560: / Line 563: @@
 * {{flag|Chechnya}}
 * {{flag|Chuvashia}}
+* ''{{flag|Republic of Crimea|name=Crimea}}''{{efn-ua|name=claimed|Claimed by [[Ukraine]] and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine.}}
 * {{flag|Dagestan}}
+* ''{{flag|Donetsk People's Republic|name=Donetsk}}''{{efn-ua|name=claimed}}
 * {{flag|Ingushetia}}
 * {{flag|Kabardino-Balkaria}}
@@ Line 568: / Line 573: @@
 * {{flag|Khakassia}}
 * {{flag|Komi}}
+* ''{{flag|Luhansk People's Republic|name=Luhansk}}''{{efn-ua|name=claimed}}
 * {{flag|Mari El}}
 * {{flag|Mordovia}}
@@ Line 601: / Line 607: @@
 }}
 |-
-| '''[[Federal cities of Russia|2 federal cities]]:'''
+| '''[[Federal cities of Russia|3 federal cities]]:'''
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flag|Moscow}}{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
 * {{flag|Saint Petersburg}}
+* ''{{flag|Sevastopol}}''{{efn-ua|name=claimed}}
 }}
 |-
@@ Line 617: / Line 624: @@
 * {{flag|Nevis}}
 }}
-|'''[[Administrative divisions of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts]]:'''
+| '''[[Administrative divisions of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts]]:'''
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flag|Saint Kitts}}
+* [[Saint Kitts]]
 }}
 |-
 | style="vertical-align: top" | {{flag|Somalia}}<ref name="FRSom">{{cite web |title=The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution |url=http://dastuurkeenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/120708-Harmonized-Draft-Constitution-Eng-Tran-_incl-errata-changes.pdf |publisher=Federal Republic of Somalia|access-date=2 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021519/http://dastuurkeenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/120708-Harmonized-Draft-Constitution-Eng-Tran-_incl-errata-changes.pdf|archive-date=20 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gttsdpc">{{cite web |title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution |url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref>
-| '''[[States and regions of Somalia|5 federal member states]]:'''{{efn-ua|Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.}}
+| '''[[States and regions of Somalia|7 federal member states]]:'''{{efn-ua|Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.}}
 {{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
 {{plainlist|
@@ Line 629: / Line 636: @@
 * {{flagicon image|Hirshabeelle.png|Flag of Hirshabelle}} [[Hirshabelle]]
 * {{flag|Jubaland}}
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Khaatumo State of Somalia.svg|Khatumo State}} [[Khatumo State|Khatumo]]
 * {{flag|Puntland}}
+* ''{{flag|Somaliland}}''{{efn-ua|name=Somaliland|Partially recognized by [[Israel|one UN member state]]. Claimed by [[Somalia]] and considered by most of the international community to be part of Somalia.}}
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Southwestern Somalia.svg|Flag of South West Somalia}} [[South West State of Somalia|South West]]{{efn-ua|name=autonarea}}
 }}
@@ Line 639: / Line 648: @@
 {{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Northern Bahr el Ghazal.png}} [[Northern Bahr el Ghazal]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Western Bahr el Ghazal.png}} [[Western Bahr el Ghazal]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Northern Bahr el Ghazal.png}} [[Lakes (state)|Lakes]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Warrap State.png}} [[Warrap (state)|Warrap]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Western Equatoria.png}} [[Western Equatoria]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Central Equatoria.png}} [[Central Equatoria]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Eastern Equatoria.png}} [[Eastern Equatoria]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jonglei.png}} [[Jonglei]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Northern Bahr el Ghazal.png}} [[Lakes (state)|Lakes]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Northern Bahr el Ghazal.png}} [[Northern Bahr el Ghazal]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Unity State.png}} [[Unity (state)|Unity]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Upper Nile State.png}} [[Upper Nile (state)|Upper Nile]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Warrap State.png}} [[Warrap (state)|Warrap]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Western Bahr el Ghazal.png}} [[Western Bahr el Ghazal]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Western Equatoria.png}} [[Western Equatoria]]
 }}
 }}
@@ Line 654: / Line 663: @@
 {{plainlist|
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Abyei Area.png}} [[Abyei]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Greater Pibor Administrative Area.png}} [[Pibor Administrative Area|Pibor]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Greater Pibor Administrative Area.png}} [[Greater Pibor Administrative Area|Greater Pibor]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ruweng.png}} [[Ruweng State|Ruweng]]
 }}
@@ Line 662: / Line 671: @@
 {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
 {{plainlist|
-* [[Al Jazirah, Sudan|Al Jazirah]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Blue Nile State.png}} [[Blue Nile, Sudan|Blue Nile]]
-* [[Sennar (state)|Sennar]]
-* [[White Nile, Sudan|White Nile]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of Central Darfur State.png}} [[Central Darfur]]
-* [[East Darfur]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of East Darfur.png}} [[East Darfur]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of Gezira State.png}} [[Gezira State|Gezira]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kassala Wilayyah.svg}} [[Kassala (state)|Kassala]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Khartoum Wilayah.png}} [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of North Darfur State.png}} [[North Darfur]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of North Kordofan.png}} [[North Kordofan]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of Northern State (Sudan).png}} [[Northern, Sudan|Northern]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Al Qadarif State.png}} [[Al Qadarif (state)|Al Qadarif]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of Red Sea State.png}} [[Red Sea, Sudan|Red Sea]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of Sennar State.png}} [[Sennar (state)|Sennar]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Darfur State.png}} [[South Darfur]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of South Kordofan.png}} [[South Kordofan]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of River Nile State.png}} [[River Nile, Sudan|River Nile]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of West Darfur State.png}} [[West Darfur]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kassala State.png}} [[Kassala (state)|Kassala]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of West Kordofan.png}} [[West Kordofan]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Al Qadarif State.png}} [[Al Qadarif (state)|Al Qadarif]]
+* {{flagicon image|Seal of White Nile State.png}}[[White Nile, Sudan|White Nile]]
-* [[Red Sea, Sudan|Red Sea]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of Khartoum State.png}} [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum]]{{efn-ua|name=fedcap}}
-* [[North Kurdufan]]
-* [[South Kurdufan]]
-* [[West Kurdufan]]
-* [[Northern, Sudan|Northern]]
-* [[River Nile, Sudan|River Nile]]
 }}
 }}
-|| '''[[States of Sudan|1 special administrative status area]]:'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-protocol-resolution-abyei-conflict |title=Sudan: Protocol on the resolution of Abyei conflict – Sudan |website=ReliefWeb |access-date=2021-10-21 |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021094030/https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-protocol-resolution-abyei-conflict |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|| '''[[States of Sudan|1 special administrative status area]]:'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-protocol-resolution-abyei-conflict |title=Sudan: Protocol on the resolution of Abyei conflict – Sudan |website=ReliefWeb |date=26 May 2004 |access-date=2021-10-21 |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021094030/https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-protocol-resolution-abyei-conflict |url-status=live }}</ref>
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Abyei Area.png}} [[Abyei]] {{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Abyei Area.png}} [[Abyei]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
 }}
 |-
@@ Line 728: / Line 737: @@
 * {{flag|Ajman}}
 * {{flag|Dubai}}
-* {{flag|Fujairah}}
+* {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of Fujairah.svg}} [[Emirate of Fujairah|Fujairah]]
 * {{flag|Ras Al Khaimah}}
 * {{flag|Sharjah}}
@@ Line 798: / Line 807: @@
 |-
 | '''[[Territories of the United States|1 incorporated territory]]:'''
-{{plainlist|
+{{plainlist|[[Palmyra Atoll]]
-* {{noflag| [[Palmyra Atoll]]}}
 }}
 |-
@@ Line 809: / Line 817: @@
 * {{flag|Puerto Rico}}
 * {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}
-* {{hlist|[[Baker Island]] | [[Howland Island]] | [[Jarvis Island]] | [[Johnston Atoll]] | [[Kingman Reef]] | [[Midway Atoll]] | [[Navassa Island]] | [[Wake Island]] | [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}} | [[Serranilla Bank]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
+* [[United States Minor Outlying Islands|Minor outlying islands]]: {{hlist|[[Baker Island]] | [[Howland Island]] | [[Jarvis Island]] | [[Johnston Atoll]] | [[Kingman Reef]] | [[Midway Atoll]] | [[Navassa Island]] | [[Wake Island]] | [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}} | [[Serranilla Bank]]{{efn-ua|name=sovdisp}}
 }}
 }}
@@ Line 855: / Line 863: @@
 == See also ==
 * [[Associated state]]
+* [[Country|Constituent country]]
 * [[Federal district]]
 * [[Federal territory]]
 * [[Federation]]
+* [[List of countries by federal system]]
 * [[List of administrative divisions by country]]
 * [[List of autonomous areas by country]]
 * [[List of sovereign states]]
 * [[Supranational union]]
-* [[-stan]]
 == Notes ==