Indian Railways organisational structure: Difference between revisions

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The [[Indian Railways]] are broadly organised from functional groups within the Indian Railway Service. India's rail system is managed at a regional level since Indian Railways have divided themselves into eighteen zonal railways.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Railways (Railway Board) |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section_new.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,305 |website=www.indianrailways.gov.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> Each zone, headed by a General Manager, is semi-autonomous and this creates a matrix organisation where the functional branches are under dual control viz.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's railway history : a research handbook |date=3 August 2012 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004230033 |pages=270 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPB5RTODBJAC |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>
{{Short description|none}}
* Operational Control at Zonal level
'''[[Indian Railways]]''' is a [[statutory body]] under the [[ownership]] of the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] of the [[Government of India]] that operates India's national railway system. It is headed by a [[Railway Board]] whose [[Chairperson of the Railway Board|chairman]] reports to the Ministry of Railways. It is organized into separate functional groups or verticals while divided into 19 operational zones geographically. Each zone, headed by a General Manager, is semi-autonomous thus creating a matrix organization where the functional branches are under dual control.
* Functional Policy & Guidance from the Railway Board


==Railway Board==
==Railway Board==
In March 1905, the railway branch of the [[Central Public Works Department|Public Works Department]] was transferred to the newly established railway board under the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry|department of commerce and industry]] by the Indian Railway Board Act.<ref>{{cite act|url=https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1905-4.pdf|title=The Indian Railway Board Act, 1905|legislature=Parliament of India|year=1905}}</ref> In 1908, the set up was re-organized on the recommendations of the Railway Finance Committee (1908) by constituting the [[Railway Board]] headed by a president as a separate department.<ref name="IR">{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/irfc1/chapter%20-%201%20(R).pdf|title=IRFC|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> Pursuant to the [[William Mitchell Acworth|Acworth]] committee's recommendations in 1921, the railway board was expanded to four members with the addition of a financial commissioner in 1924 apart from the chief commissioner, one commissioners responsible for ways and works, projects and stores and the other responsible for general administration, staff and traffic.<ref name="IR"/> In 1929, an additional member was added to the board and was assigned the responsibility for staff, so that the member in charge of traffic could focus solely on transport and commercial matters.<ref name="IRFCA">{{cite web|url=https://irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html|title=History of Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|work=IRFCA}}</ref> In 1950, the railway board was re-constituted to four members with the senior-most functional member appointed the chairman of the board with no absolute over riding power.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://nair.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1430369298618-general%20overview.pdf|title=Overview of Indian Railways|publisher=National Academy of Indian Railways|access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="IRFCA1">{{cite web|url=https://irfca.org/faq/faq-history4.html|title=History of Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|work=IRFCA}}</ref> In October 1954, the [[Chairperson of the Railway Board|chairman]] of the board was made responsible for decisions on technical and policy matters, with the status of a principal secretary to the [[Government of India]] with an additional member added.<ref name="IRFCA1"/> The board was expanded with an additional member responsible for electrical engineering in 1972 and a further member responsible for health in 1976.<ref name="IRFCA2">{{cite web|url=https://irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html|title=History of Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|work=IRFCA}}</ref> In 2004, the board is expanded by the introduction of two new members responsible for signalling & telecom and for stores respectively.<ref name="IRFCA3">{{cite web|url=https://irfca.org/faq/faq-history6.html|title=History of Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|work=IRFCA}}</ref> In December 2019, the [[Cabinet of India|Union Cabinet]] decided to reduce the size of the board from eight to five.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cabinet-approves-restructuring-of-railway-board-11577181494500.html|title=Cabinet approves restructuring of Railway Board|date=24 December 2019|work=Livemint|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
The chairman of the railway board reports to the Ministry of Railways and act on behalf of the ministry. The following report to the railway board:<ref>{{cite book|last=Rao|first=M.A.|year=1988|title=Indian Railways|location=New Delhi|publisher=National Book Trust|isbn=978-8-1237-2589-5|pages=49–54}}</ref><ref name="OC">{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/Year_Book/Org_Chart_1.pdf|title=Organization chart|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* General managers of various zones
* Heads of functional divisions
* Heads/Managers of production units
* Heads of [[Public Sector Undertaking]]s
* Heads of railway institutes
* Heads of special divisions


At the apex of the management organisation is the [[Railway Board]], a part of the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]]. The board is headed by a [[Chairman Railway Board (India) | Chairman]] who directly reports to the Railway Minister. The board has five other members.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian railway ready for 'privatization to run trains'! |url=https://www.wiki.meramaal.com/2019/06/20/indian-railway-knockout-of-privatization/ |accessdate=2 August 2019 |work=Meramaal Wiki |date=20 June 2019}}</ref>
== Functional division ==
The organization is divided into separate functional groups of [[Railway electric traction|traction]], [[Railway engineering|engineering]], [[traffic]], [[rolling stock]], [[Railway signalling|signalling]], [[materials]], [[human resources|personnel]], [[Railway Protection Force|RPF]], [[finance]], [[health]] and [[safety]].<ref name="ZR">{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/Year_Book/Org_Chart_1.pdf|title=Organization Chart|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>


The General Managers of the zonal railways and the production units report to the Board.
== Zonal management ==
 
In 1944, all the railway companies in existence at the time were taken over by the Government.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/financecode/ADMIN_FINANCE/AdminFinanceCh1_Data.htm|title=Evolution of Indian Railways-Historical Background|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> In December 1950, the Central Advisory Committee for Railways approved the plan for re-organizing Indian Railways into six [[Zones and divisions of Indian Railways|regional zones]] which were divided subsequently to create newer zones. As of 2025, there are 19 operational zones of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/eff_res/Circulars/List_Zones-Divisions.pdf|title=List of zones and divisions|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref> The zones are headed by a General manager and are further sub-divided into divisions. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM), who are responsible for the operation and maintenance in the respective divisions.<ref name="DM"/>
==Zonal management==
<!--- Please attempt to preserve the accuracy of the zone# that corresponds to the map --->
 
The 19 operational zones and their divisions are listed below. [[South Coast Railway zone]] is the newest railway zone.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=189105|title=Cabinet approves South Coast Railway zone|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=20 May 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402144738/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=189105|url-status=live}}</ref>
The current 18 zones of the Indian Railways are
[[File:Indianrailwayzones-numbered.png|thumb|300px|Indian Railway Zones|alt=1]]
 
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
{|class="toccolours" cellpadding="3" style="border:0px;text-align:left"
|+ Indian Railway zones
|----
!rowspan=2|{{tooltip|Number|Number corresponding to the map}}
!Name
!rowspan=2|Railway zone
!Abbr.
!rowspan=2|Code
!Headquarters
!rowspan=2|Headquarters<ref name="IRYB">{{cite report|url=https://iritm.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1680252282408-PDF%20Year%20Book%202021-22-English.pdf|title=Year book 2021-22|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103050732/https://iritm.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1680252282408-PDF%20Year%20Book%202021-22-English.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|----
!rowspan=2|Established<ref>{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/eff_res/downloads/2021/List%20of%20Zones%20%26%20Divisions.pdf|title=Indian railway zones|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref>
|'''[[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]'''
!colspan=2|Route length{{efn|as of March 2023}}<ref name="Route-map">{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/PDF/Railway%20Map%20of%20india_Corrected%20up%20to%2031_03_2023.pdf|title=Route map, 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref>
|CR
!rowspan=2|Stations
|[[Mumbai]]
!rowspan=2|Divisions<ref>{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/eff_res/Circulars/List_Zones-Divisions.pdf|title=List of zones and divisions|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref>
|----
|-
|'''[[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]]'''
!km
|ER
!miles
|[[Kolkata]]
|-
|----
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
|'''[[East Central Railway]]'''
| [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
|ECR
| style="text-align:center;" | NR
|[[Hajipur]]
| [[Delhi]]
|----
| style="text-align:center;" | 1952
|'''[[East Coast Railway]]'''
| {{convert|7363|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|ECoR
| style="text-align:center;" | 1013<ref>{{cite report|url=https://nr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1686654402287-Table1_NR%20SYS%20MAP_2023.pdf|title=System map, NR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211021214/https://nr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1686654402287-Table1_NR%20SYS%20MAP_2023.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[Bhubaneswar]]
| [[Ambala railway division|Ambala]], [[Delhi railway division|Delhi]], [[Firozpur railway division|Firozpur]], [[Lucknow NR railway division|Lucknow]], [[Moradabad railway division|Moradabad]], [[Jammu railway division|Jammu]]
|----
|-
| '''[[Northern Railway (India)|Northern Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
|NR
| [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]
|[[Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | NER
|----
| [[Gorakhpur]]
|'''[[North Central Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 1952
|NCR
| {{convert|3470.5|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|[[Prayagraj]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 537<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1541144028517-smap.pdf|title=System map, NER|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=29 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329003343/https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1541144028517-smap.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|----
| [[Izzatnagar railway division|Izzatnagar]], [[Lucknow NER railway division|Lucknow]], [[Varanasi railway division|Varanasi]]
|'''[[North Western Railway]]'''
|-
|NWR
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
|[[Jaipur]]
| [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
|----
| style="text-align:center;" | NFR
|'''[[North Eastern Railway (India)|North Eastern Railway]]'''
| [[Guwahati]]
|NER
| style="text-align:center;" | 1958
|[[Gorakhpur]]
| {{convert|4348|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|----
| style="text-align:center;" | 547<ref>{{cite report|url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1607579974323-cos.pdf|title=Station classification, NFR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=5 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905004729/https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1607579974323-cos.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|'''[[Northeast Frontier Railway]]'''
| [[Alipurduar railway division|Alipurduar]], [[Katihar railway division|Katihar]], [[Lumding railway division|Lumding]], [[Rangiya railway division|Rangiya]], [[Tinsukia railway division|Tinsukia]]
|NFR
|-
|[[Guwahati|Maligaon (Guwahati)]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|----
| [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
|'''[[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ER
|SR
| [[Kolkata]]
|[[Chennai]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1952
|----
| {{convert|2823.2|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|'''[[South Central Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 587<ref>{{cite report|url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1624521405374-.4%20Category_wise%20Stations%20ZZZ.pdf|title=Category wise stations, ER|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
|SCR
| [[Asansol railway division|Asansol]], [[Howrah railway division|Howrah]], [[Malda railway division|Malda]], [[Sealdah railway division|Sealdah]]
|[[Secunderabad]] ([[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]])
|-
|----
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
|'''[[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railway]]'''
| [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]]
|SCoR
| style="text-align:center;" | SER
|[[Visakhapatnam]]
|----
|'''[[South Eastern Railway (India)|South Eastern Railway]]'''
|SER
| [[Kolkata]]
| [[Kolkata]]
|----
| style="text-align:center;" | 1955
|'''[[South East Central Railway]]'''
| {{convert|2758.6|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|SECR
| style="text-align:center;" | 363<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,2,406,2246,2247|title=Category of stations, SER|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur, CG]]
| [[Adra railway division|Adra]], [[Chakradharpur railway division|Chakradharpur]], [[Kharagpur railway division|Kharagpur]], [[Ranchi railway division|Ranchi]]
|----
|-
|'''[[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
|SWR
| [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway]]
|[[Hubballi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | SCR
|----
| [[Secunderabad]]
|'''[[Western Railway (India)|
| style="text-align:center;" | 1965
Western Railway]]'''
| {{convert|6560.5|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|WR
| style="text-align:center;" | 701<ref>{{cite web |title=Number of stations, SCR |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291 |access-date=1 December 2023 |publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref>
| [[Mumbai]]
| [[Secunderabad railway division|Secunderabad]], [[Hyderabad railway division|Hyderabad]], [[Nanded railway division|Nanded]] 
|----
|-
|'''[[West Central Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
|WCR
| [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
|[[Jabalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" | SR
| [[Chennai]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1950
|{{convert|5093|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 727<ref>{{cite report|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1659695525713-SR.pdf|title=List of stations, SR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Chennai railway division|Chennai]], [[Madurai railway division|Madurai]], [[Palakkad railway division|Palakkad]], [[Salem railway division|Salem]], [[Thiruvananthapuram railway division|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Tiruchirappalli railway division|Tiruchirappalli]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | CR
| [[Mumbai]] ([[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|CSMT]])
| style="text-align:center;" | 1951
|{{convert|4203.3|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 486<ref>{{cite report|url=https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,287,396,593|title=Divisions of CR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
|[[Bhusawal railway division|Bhusawal]], [[Mumbai CR railway division|Mumbai CR]], [[Nagpur CR railway division|Nagpur]], [[Pune railway division|Pune]], [[Solapur railway division|Solapur]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | WR
| [[Mumbai]] ([[Churchgate railway station|Churchgate]])
| style="text-align:center;" | 1951
| {{convert|6156.6|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1046<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1631706743442-System%20Map%20-%20ENGLISH.pdf|title=System map, WR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Ahmedabad railway division|Ahmedabad]], [[Bhavnagar railway division|Bhavnagar]], [[Mumbai WR railway division|Mumbai WR]], [[Rajkot railway division|Rajkot]], [[Ratlam railway division|Ratlam]], [[Vadodara railway division|Vadodara]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | NWR
| [[Jaipur]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2002
| {{convert|5705.6|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 578<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|title=About us, NWR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Ajmer railway division|Ajmer]], [[Bikaner railway division|Bikaner]], [[Jaipur railway division|Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur railway division|Jodhpur]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | SWR
| [[Hubli|Hubballi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003
| {{convert|3692.34|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 388<ref>{{cite web|url=https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,1,800,802|title=Category wise stations, SWR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref>
| [[Bangalore railway division|Bengaluru]], [[Hubli railway division|Hubballi]], [[Mysore railway division|Mysuru]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | WCR
| [[Jabalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003
| {{convert|3060|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 247<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wcr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,1,304,368,836,848,854|title=Category wise list of stations, WCR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Bhopal railway division|Bhopal]], [[Jabalpur railway division|Jabalpur]], [[Kota railway division|Kota]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | NCR
| [[Allahabad|Prayagraj]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003
| {{convert|3522.6|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 411<ref>{{cite report|url=https://ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1657609148892-System_map_2022_A4_Final-13.pdf|title=System map, NCR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=29 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329003403/https://ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1657609148892-System_map_2022_A4_Final-13.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[Agra railway division|Agra]], [[Jhansi railway division|Jhansi]], [[Allahabad railway division|Prayagraj]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | SECR
| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1998
| {{convert|2396.6|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 358<ref>{{cite web|url=https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in//downloadfile_2.jsp?filename=1686829825066-SECR%20System%20Map-23%20(%20A-1).pdf|title=System map, SECR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Bilaspur railway division|Bilaspur]], [[Nagpur SEC railway division|Nagpur]], [[Raipur railway division|Raipur]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 15
| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ECoR
| [[Bhubaneswar]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003
| {{convert|3017.2|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 133<ref>{{cite report|url=https://eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1542885436800-Classification%20of%20stations%20ofcomm.pdf|title=Classification of stations, ECoR|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Khurda Road railway division|Khurda Road]], [[Sambalpur railway division|Sambalpur]], [[Rayagada railway division|Rayagada]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ECR
| [[Hajipur]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1996
| {{convert|4238|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 340<ref>{{cite report |url=https://ecr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1338377427418-UTS,%20UTS%20cum%20PRS%20&%20PRS%20locations.pdf |title=UTS locations, ECR |publisher=[[Indian Railways]] |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Danapur railway division|Danapur]], [[Dhanbad railway division|Dhanbad]], [[Mughalsarai railway division|Mughalsarai]], [[Samastipur railway division|Samastipur]], [[Sonpur railway division|Sonpur]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 17
| [[Konkan Railway zone|Konkan Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" | KR
| [[Navi Mumbai]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1984
| {{convert|756.25|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 72<ref>{{cite web |title=Konkan Railway Map |url=https://konkanrailway.com/kr_map |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=Konkan Railway Map |publisher=[[Konkan Railway]]}}</ref>
| [[Ratnagiri railway division|Ratnagiri]], [[Karwar railway division|Karwar]]
|-
|-
|'''[[Metro Railway, Kolkata|Metro Railway]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 18
|MTP
| [[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railway]]
|[[Kolkata]]
| style="text-align:center;" | SCoR
|----
| [[Visakhapatnam]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2019
| {{convert|3062|km|1|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|
| [[Visakhapatnam railway division|Visakhapatnam]], [[Vijayawada railway division|Vijayawada]], [[Guntur railway division|Guntur]], [[Guntakal railway division|Guntakal]]
|}
|}
{{notelist}}


==Divisional organisation==
== Structure ==
 
In every zone, the functional verticals are represented by head of departments (HODs) responsible for the respective functions in the zone.<ref name="OC1">{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/secretary_branches/Office_Order_2022/Organization%20Chart%20of%20Zonal%20Railway%20PDF.pdf|title=Organization chart, Zonal railway|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> Each division has functional staff who report to the geographical divisional managers and functional HODs in a matrix organization and are tasked with the operation and maintenance of assets.<ref name="DM">{{cite book|title=India's railway history : a research handbook|date=3 August 2012|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9-0042-3003-3|pages=270|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPB5RTODBJAC|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
The Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) heads the organisation at the division level. There are currently [[Indian Railways#Railway zones|71 divisions]] on the system nationwide. The divisions are primarily involved with train running but may also have locomotive sheds (repair shops for locomotives), coaching depots (repair home bases for passenger trains), and wagon depots (repair and maintenance points for freight stock).
[[File:Indian Railways Departments & Roles.png|800px|center|Departments & Roles]]
 
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
Each division has all the functional organisations (both line and staff). The heads of these functional groups report to the DRM for administrative purposes but rely on the railway board and the zonal headquarters for policy guidelines.
|+Zonal administration<ref name="OC1"/>
 
! Department
==Cadres==
! HOD
The various Group A cadres are as below:
! Divisional manager
!Function
|-
| Stores
| Principal Chief Materials Manager (PCMM)
| Sr. Divisional Material Manager
| Material stores for maintenance of infrastructure
|-
| rowspan="2"|Mechanical
| rowspan="2"| Principal Chief Mechanical Engineer (PCME)
| Sr. Divisional Mechanical Engineer (Diesel)
| Maintenance of [[diesel locomotive]]s
|-
| Sr. Divisional Mechanical Engineer (Carriage & Wagon)
| Maintenance of [[rolling stock]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| Electrical
| rowspan="3"| Principal Chief Electrical Engineer (PCEE)
| Sr. Divisional Electrical Engineer (General)
| Maintenance of station lighting and power supply
|-
| Sr. Divisional Electrical Engineer (Traction distribution)
| Maintenance of overhead equipment
|-
| Sr. Divisional Electrical Engineer (Traction rolling stock)
| Maintenance of [[electric locomotive]]s and [[Multiple unit]]s
|-
| Signal & Telecommunication
| Principal Chief Signal & Telecom Engineer (PCSTE)
| Sr. Divisional Signal & Telecommunication Engineer (DSTE)
| Management of the signalling and telecommunication infrastructure
|-
| rowspan="2"| Engineering
| rowspan="2"| Principal Chief Engineer (PCE)
| Sr. Divisional Engineer
| rowspan="2"| Maintenance of fixed assets
|-
| Sectional Sr. Divisional Engineer
|-
| Operations
| Principal Chief Operations Manager (PCOM)
| Sr. Divisional Operations Manager
| Train operations
|-
| Accounts
| Principal Financial Advisor (PFA)
| Sr. Divisional Finance Manager
| Accounting and financials
|-
| Commercial
| Principal Chief Commercial Manager (PCCM)
| Sr. Divisional Commercial Manager
| Passenger ticketing, checking, freight booking and fare collection
|-
| Medical
| Principal Chief Medical Director (PCMD)
| Chief Medical Superintendent
| Providing medical facilities
|-
| Safety
| Principal Chief Safety Officer (PCSO)
| Sr. Divisional Safety Officer
| Safety of train operations
|-
| Personnel
| Principal Chief Personnel Officer (PCPO)
| Sr. Divisional Personnel Officer
| Human resources
|-
| Security
| Principal Chief Security Commissioner (PCSC)
| Sr. Divisional Security Commissioner
| Security of railway material, passenger and belongings
|-
| Management
| Additional General Manager (AGM)
| Divisional Railway Manager
| Management of all departments
|-
|}


'''Non Technical Services recruitment through Civil Services Examination (CSE) conducted by UPSC:'''
== Human resources ==
* [[Indian Railway Traffic Service|IRTS]] -  Indian Railway Traffic Service
{{see also|Indian Railways Management Service|Railway Recruitment Control Board}}
* [[Indian Railway Personnel Service|IRPS]] - Indian Railway Personnel Service
* [[Indian Railway Accounts Service|IRAS]] - Indian Railway Accounts Service
* [[Railway Protection Force|IRPFS]] - Indian Railway Protection Force Service


'''Technical Services recruitment through Engineering Services Examination (ESE) conducted by UPSC:'''
Staff are classified into gazetted (Groups A and B) and non-gazetted (Groups C and D) employees with gazetted employees carrying out executive/managerial level tasks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Railway Board Directorates |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,388|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530064841/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,388|archive-date=30 May 2012|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref> As of March 2022, Groups A & B constitute 1.5% of the total workforce, while Group C & D account for 98.5%.<ref name="IRYB"/> 80% of Group-A employees are recruited through [[Indian Railways Management Service]] (IRMS) with remaining through promotions.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Recruitment to Indian Railway Management Service (IRMS) to be done through a specially designed examination (IRMS Examination)|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1880524|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Indian Railway Service of Engineers|IRSE]] - Indian Railway Service (Civil) Engineers
The various Group A cadres are as below include:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,530,1525|title=Railway board|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref>
* [[Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers|IRSEE]] - Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers
* Central Civil Services recruitment through Civil Services Examination (CSE)
* [[Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers|IRSME]] - Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers
** [[Indian Railway Traffic Service]] (IRTS)
* [[Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers|IRSSE]] - Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers
** [[Indian Railway Personnel Service]] (IRPS)
* [[Indian Railway Stores Service|IRSS]] - Indian Railway Stores Service
** [[Indian Railway Accounts Service]] (IRAS)
** [[Railway Protection Force|Indian Railway Protection Force Service]] (IRPFS)
* Central Engineering Services recruitment through Engineering Services Examination (ESE)
** [[Indian Railway Service of Engineers]] (IRSE)
** [[Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers]] (IRSEE)
** [[Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers]] (IRSME)
** [[Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers]] (IRSSE)
** [[Indian Railway Stores Service]] (IRSS)
* Central Health Science Services recruitment through Combined Medical Services Examination (CMSE)
** [[Indian Railway Health Service]] (IRHS)


'''Medical Services recruitment through Combined Medical Services Examination (CMSE) conducted by UPSC:'''
Group B employees are recruited by departmental promotional exams of Group C employees. Recruitment of Group C employees are through exams conducted by the [[Railway Recruitment Control Board]] (RRCB) and Group D staffs are recruited by zonal Railway Recruitment Cells (RRC).<ref>{{cite report|title=Indian Railways Establishment Manual|url=http://rrcb.gov.in/rrbs.html |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525103317/http://rrcb.gov.in/RRBS.HTML|archive-date=25 May 2012 |publisher=RRCB|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> Indian Railways operates [[Centralised Training Institutes of the Indian Railways|seven centralized training institutes]] and 295 training centers.<ref name="IRYB"/>
* [[Indian railway medical service|IRMS]] - Indian Railway Medical Service


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Zones and divisions of Indian Railways]]
* [[Centralised Training Institutes of the Indian Railways]]
{{Indian Railways}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* Official websites
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20120719043627/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Central Railway ]
** [http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/ Eastern Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20140112090715/http://www.ecr.indianrailways.gov.in/ East Central Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20140626115535/http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/ East Coast Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20160130001823/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Northern Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180251/http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/ North Central Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20140427190605/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/ North Western Railway ]
** [http://www.ner.indianrailways.gov.in/ North Eastern Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215011857/http://www.nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Northeast Frontier Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120015723/http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Southern Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20130128160800/http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/ South Central Railway ]
** [http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/ South Eastern Railway]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20121204064436/http://www.secr.indianrailways.gov.in/ South East Central Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20160121142348/http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/ South Western Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20120723112533/http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Western Railway ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313040609/http://wcr.indianrailways.gov.in/ West Central Railway ]
** [http://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/ Metro Railway, Kolkata ]


[[Category:Indian Railways|organisational structure]]
[[Category:Indian Railways|organisational structure]]

Latest revision as of 18:57, 21 March 2026


Indian Railways is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It is headed by a Railway Board whose chairman reports to the Ministry of Railways. It is organized into separate functional groups or verticals while divided into 19 operational zones geographically. Each zone, headed by a General Manager, is semi-autonomous thus creating a matrix organization where the functional branches are under dual control.

Railway Board[edit | edit source]

In March 1905, the railway branch of the Public Works Department was transferred to the newly established railway board under the department of commerce and industry by the Indian Railway Board Act.[1] In 1908, the set up was re-organized on the recommendations of the Railway Finance Committee (1908) by constituting the Railway Board headed by a president as a separate department.[2] Pursuant to the Acworth committee's recommendations in 1921, the railway board was expanded to four members with the addition of a financial commissioner in 1924 apart from the chief commissioner, one commissioners responsible for ways and works, projects and stores and the other responsible for general administration, staff and traffic.[2] In 1929, an additional member was added to the board and was assigned the responsibility for staff, so that the member in charge of traffic could focus solely on transport and commercial matters.[3] In 1950, the railway board was re-constituted to four members with the senior-most functional member appointed the chairman of the board with no absolute over riding power.[4][5] In October 1954, the chairman of the board was made responsible for decisions on technical and policy matters, with the status of a principal secretary to the Government of India with an additional member added.[5] The board was expanded with an additional member responsible for electrical engineering in 1972 and a further member responsible for health in 1976.[6] In 2004, the board is expanded by the introduction of two new members responsible for signalling & telecom and for stores respectively.[7] In December 2019, the Union Cabinet decided to reduce the size of the board from eight to five.[8] The chairman of the railway board reports to the Ministry of Railways and act on behalf of the ministry. The following report to the railway board:[9][10]

  • General managers of various zones
  • Heads of functional divisions
  • Heads/Managers of production units
  • Heads of Public Sector Undertakings
  • Heads of railway institutes
  • Heads of special divisions

Functional division[edit | edit source]

The organization is divided into separate functional groups of traction, engineering, traffic, rolling stock, signalling, materials, personnel, RPF, finance, health and safety.[11]

Zonal management[edit | edit source]

In 1944, all the railway companies in existence at the time were taken over by the Government.[12] In December 1950, the Central Advisory Committee for Railways approved the plan for re-organizing Indian Railways into six regional zones which were divided subsequently to create newer zones. As of 2025, there are 19 operational zones of Indian Railways.[13] The zones are headed by a General manager and are further sub-divided into divisions. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM), who are responsible for the operation and maintenance in the respective divisions.[14] The 19 operational zones and their divisions are listed below. South Coast Railway zone is the newest railway zone.[15]

1
Indian Railway Zones
Indian Railway zones
Number Railway zone Code Headquarters[16] Established[17] Route length[lower-alpha 1][18] Stations Divisions[19]
km miles
1 Northern Railway NR Delhi 1952 7,363 4,575.2 1013[20] Ambala, Delhi, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad, Jammu
2 North Eastern Railway NER Gorakhpur 1952 3,470.5 2,156.5 537[21] Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi
3 Northeast Frontier Railway NFR Guwahati 1958 4,348 2,701.7 547[22] Alipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangiya, Tinsukia
4 Eastern Railway ER Kolkata 1952 2,823.2 1,754.3 587[23] Asansol, Howrah, Malda, Sealdah
5 South Eastern Railway SER Kolkata 1955 2,758.6 1,714.1 363[24] Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi
6 South Central Railway SCR Secunderabad 1965 6,560.5 4,076.5 701[25] Secunderabad, Hyderabad, Nanded
7 Southern Railway SR Chennai 1950 5,093 3,164.6 727[26] Chennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirappalli
8 Central Railway CR Mumbai (CSMT) 1951 4,203.3 2,611.8 486[27] Bhusawal, Mumbai CR, Nagpur, Pune, Solapur
9 Western Railway WR Mumbai (Churchgate) 1951 6,156.6 3,825.5 1046[28] Ahmedabad, Bhavnagar, Mumbai WR, Rajkot, Ratlam, Vadodara
11 North Western Railway NWR Jaipur 2002 5,705.6 3,545.3 578[29] Ajmer, Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur
10 South Western Railway SWR Hubballi 2003 3,692.34 2,294.3 388[30] Bengaluru, Hubballi, Mysuru
12 West Central Railway WCR Jabalpur 2003 3,060 1,901.4 247[31] Bhopal, Jabalpur, Kota
13 North Central Railway NCR Prayagraj 2003 3,522.6 2,188.8 411[32] Agra, Jhansi, Prayagraj
14 South East Central Railway SECR Bilaspur 1998 2,396.6 1,489.2 358[33] Bilaspur, Nagpur, Raipur
15 East Coast Railway ECoR Bhubaneswar 2003 3,017.2 1,874.8 133[34] Khurda Road, Sambalpur, Rayagada
16 East Central Railway ECR Hajipur 1996 4,238 2,633.4 340[35] Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur
17 Konkan Railway KR Navi Mumbai 1984 756.25 469.9 72[36] Ratnagiri, Karwar
18 South Coast Railway SCoR Visakhapatnam 2019 3,062 1,902.6 Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur, Guntakal
  1. as of March 2023

Structure[edit | edit source]

In every zone, the functional verticals are represented by head of departments (HODs) responsible for the respective functions in the zone.[37] Each division has functional staff who report to the geographical divisional managers and functional HODs in a matrix organization and are tasked with the operation and maintenance of assets.[14]

Departments & Roles
Departments & Roles
Zonal administration[37]
Department HOD Divisional manager Function
Stores Principal Chief Materials Manager (PCMM) Sr. Divisional Material Manager Material stores for maintenance of infrastructure
Mechanical Principal Chief Mechanical Engineer (PCME) Sr. Divisional Mechanical Engineer (Diesel) Maintenance of diesel locomotives
Sr. Divisional Mechanical Engineer (Carriage & Wagon) Maintenance of rolling stock
Electrical Principal Chief Electrical Engineer (PCEE) Sr. Divisional Electrical Engineer (General) Maintenance of station lighting and power supply
Sr. Divisional Electrical Engineer (Traction distribution) Maintenance of overhead equipment
Sr. Divisional Electrical Engineer (Traction rolling stock) Maintenance of electric locomotives and Multiple units
Signal & Telecommunication Principal Chief Signal & Telecom Engineer (PCSTE) Sr. Divisional Signal & Telecommunication Engineer (DSTE) Management of the signalling and telecommunication infrastructure
Engineering Principal Chief Engineer (PCE) Sr. Divisional Engineer Maintenance of fixed assets
Sectional Sr. Divisional Engineer
Operations Principal Chief Operations Manager (PCOM) Sr. Divisional Operations Manager Train operations
Accounts Principal Financial Advisor (PFA) Sr. Divisional Finance Manager Accounting and financials
Commercial Principal Chief Commercial Manager (PCCM) Sr. Divisional Commercial Manager Passenger ticketing, checking, freight booking and fare collection
Medical Principal Chief Medical Director (PCMD) Chief Medical Superintendent Providing medical facilities
Safety Principal Chief Safety Officer (PCSO) Sr. Divisional Safety Officer Safety of train operations
Personnel Principal Chief Personnel Officer (PCPO) Sr. Divisional Personnel Officer Human resources
Security Principal Chief Security Commissioner (PCSC) Sr. Divisional Security Commissioner Security of railway material, passenger and belongings
Management Additional General Manager (AGM) Divisional Railway Manager Management of all departments

Human resources[edit | edit source]

Staff are classified into gazetted (Groups A and B) and non-gazetted (Groups C and D) employees with gazetted employees carrying out executive/managerial level tasks.[38] As of March 2022, Groups A & B constitute 1.5% of the total workforce, while Group C & D account for 98.5%.[16] 80% of Group-A employees are recruited through Indian Railways Management Service (IRMS) with remaining through promotions.[39] The various Group A cadres are as below include:[40]

Group B employees are recruited by departmental promotional exams of Group C employees. Recruitment of Group C employees are through exams conducted by the Railway Recruitment Control Board (RRCB) and Group D staffs are recruited by zonal Railway Recruitment Cells (RRC).[41] Indian Railways operates seven centralized training institutes and 295 training centers.[16]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. "The Indian Railway Board Act, 1905". Act of 1905 (PDF). Parliament of India.
  2. 2.0 2.1 IRFC (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  3. "History of Indian Railways". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  4. Overview of Indian Railways (PDF) (Report). National Academy of Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  5. 5.0 5.1 "History of Indian Railways". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  6. "History of Indian Railways". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  7. "History of Indian Railways". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  8. "Cabinet approves restructuring of Railway Board". Livemint. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  9. Rao, M.A. (1988). Indian Railways. New Delhi: National Book Trust. pp. 49–54. ISBN 978-8-1237-2589-5.
  10. Organization chart (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  11. Organization Chart (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  12. Evolution of Indian Railways-Historical Background (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  13. List of zones and divisions (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  14. 14.0 14.1 India's railway history : a research handbook. Brill. 3 August 2012. p. 270. ISBN 978-9-0042-3003-3. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  15. "Cabinet approves South Coast Railway zone" (Press release). Government of India. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 Year book 2021-22 (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  17. Indian railway zones (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  18. Route map, 2023 (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  19. List of zones and divisions (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  20. System map, NR (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  21. "System map, NER" (PDF). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  22. Station classification, NFR (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  23. Category wise stations, ER (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  24. "Category of stations, SER". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.[permanent dead link]
  25. "Number of stations, SCR". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  26. List of stations, SR (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  27. Divisions of CR (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  28. "System map, WR" (PDF). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  29. "About us, NWR". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  30. "Category wise stations, SWR". Indian Railways. Retrieved 4 February 2026.
  31. "Category wise list of stations, WCR". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  32. System map, NCR (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  33. "System map, SECR" (PDF). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  34. Classification of stations, ECoR (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  35. UTS locations, ECR (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  36. "Konkan Railway Map". Konkan Railway Map. Konkan Railway. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  37. 37.0 37.1 Organization chart, Zonal railway (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  38. "Railway Board Directorates". Indian Railways. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012.
  39. "Recruitment to Indian Railway Management Service (IRMS) to be done through a specially designed examination (IRMS Examination)" (Press release). Government of India. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  40. "Railway board". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  41. Indian Railways Establishment Manual (Report). RRCB. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2023.