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* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal|last1=Swaminathan|first1=M. S.|year=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal 26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=42|pages=266–274|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017|author-link1=M. S. Swaminathan}}</ref> | * [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal|last1=Swaminathan|first1=M. S.|year=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal 26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=42|pages=266–274|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017|doi-access=free|author-link1=M. S. Swaminathan}}</ref> | ||
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1987)}} | * [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1987)}} | ||
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'''Benjamin Peary Pal''' or '''B. P. Pal''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was an Indian plant breeder and agronomist who served as a director of the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] in Delhi and as the first Director General of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | title=Agriculture | publisher=.iisc.ernet.in | access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref> | '''Benjamin Peary Pal''' or '''B. P. Pal''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was an Indian plant breeder and agronomist who served as a director of the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] in Delhi and as the first Director General of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | title=Agriculture | publisher=.iisc.ernet.in | access-date=30 August 2015 | archive-date=27 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114450/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Pal was born in Mukandpur, the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram and Inder Devi. The family came from [[Jalandhar]] but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born '''Brahma Das Pal''' but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at St Michael's School in | Pal was born in Mukandpur, the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram and Inder Devi. The family came from [[Jalandhar]] but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born ''' Brahma Das Pal''' but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at St Michael's School in [[Pyin Oo Lwin|Maymyo]] in 1914. A rose garden at the school may have inspired his early interest in them. He completed his [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[biology]] and [[Master of Science]] degrees at [[Rangoon University]] in [[botany]], with a study on Burmese Charophyta for his master's. He then went for his doctoral studies at the [[University of Cambridge]] in [[biology]] under [[Rowland Biffen]] and later [[Frank Engledow]], studying hybrid vigour in wheat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035132/http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 September 2015 | title=Dr Benjamin Peary Pal | publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]] | access-date=30 August 2015 }}</ref> He then worked as a rice research officer in Burma in 1932 and then moved to Pusa in Bihar as a second economic botanist. He became an Imperial Economic Botanist at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in 1937. In 1936, the institute moved to New Delhi following an earthquake. He moved there and became the director of the institute in September 1950. In 1954, after 18 years of research, he developed the 'NP 809' wheat. This variety of wheat could combat all three types of rust (a crop disease). He became the first director-general of the newly reorganized [[Indian Council for Agricultural Research]] in 1965 and worked there until his retirement in 1972. Pal worked on rust resistance in wheat and helped release several varieties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Swaminathan|first=M. S.|date=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal. 26 May 1906-14 September 1989|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/770209|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=42|pages=267–274|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017 |doi-access=free|jstor=770209 |issn=0080-4606|url-access=subscription}}</ref> | ||
Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal. | Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal. | ||
==Awards and honours== | ==Awards and honours== | ||
He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1972|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972]]. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. | He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1972|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972]]. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. | ||
* Awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1959, | * Awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1959, | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N46-0536 INSA biography] | * [http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N46-0536 INSA biography] | ||
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{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}} | {{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Benjamin Peary}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Benjamin Peary}} | ||
[[Category:1906 births]] | [[Category:1906 births]] | ||
[[Category:1989 deaths]] | [[Category:1989 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering]] | ||
[[Category:Indian agronomists]] | [[Category:Indian agronomists]] | ||
[[Category:University of Yangon alumni]] | [[Category:University of Yangon alumni]] | ||
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]] | [[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]] | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]] | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]] | ||
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]] | [[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century agronomists]] | |||
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]] | |||
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]] | |||
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:59, 7 February 2026
Benjamin Peary Pal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 26 May 1906 |
| Died | 14 September 1989 (aged 83) |
| Alma mater |
|
| Awards |
|
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Plant breeding |
| Institutions | Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| Doctoral advisor | Rowland Biffen, Frank Engledow |
Benjamin Peary Pal or B. P. Pal FRS (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was an Indian plant breeder and agronomist who served as a director of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in Delhi and as the first Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.[2]
Biography[edit | edit source]
Pal was born in Mukandpur, the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram and Inder Devi. The family came from Jalandhar but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born Brahma Das Pal but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at St Michael's School in Maymyo in 1914. A rose garden at the school may have inspired his early interest in them. He completed his Bachelor of Science in biology and Master of Science degrees at Rangoon University in botany, with a study on Burmese Charophyta for his master's. He then went for his doctoral studies at the University of Cambridge in biology under Rowland Biffen and later Frank Engledow, studying hybrid vigour in wheat.[3] He then worked as a rice research officer in Burma in 1932 and then moved to Pusa in Bihar as a second economic botanist. He became an Imperial Economic Botanist at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in 1937. In 1936, the institute moved to New Delhi following an earthquake. He moved there and became the director of the institute in September 1950. In 1954, after 18 years of research, he developed the 'NP 809' wheat. This variety of wheat could combat all three types of rust (a crop disease). He became the first director-general of the newly reorganized Indian Council for Agricultural Research in 1965 and worked there until his retirement in 1972. Pal worked on rust resistance in wheat and helped release several varieties.[4]
Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal.
Awards and honours[edit | edit source]
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
- Awarded the Padma Shri in 1959,
- Awarded Padma Bhushan in 1968[5]
A rose garden from the library at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute is named in his honour.[4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Swaminathan, M. S. (1996). "Benjamin Peary Pal 26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 266–274. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017.
- ↑ "Agriculture" (PDF). .iisc.ernet.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ↑ "Dr Benjamin Peary Pal". Indian National Science Academy. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Swaminathan, M. S. (1996). "Benjamin Peary Pal. 26 May 1906-14 September 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 267–274. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017. ISSN 0080-4606. JSTOR 770209.
- ↑ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
External links[edit | edit source]
Template:1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering