Rohini (satellite): Difference between revisions

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{{other uses|Rohini (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|Series of Indian satellites}}
{{Other uses|Rohini (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
{{Infobox spacecraft class
| image        =  
| image        =  
| caption      =
| caption      =
| name        = Rohini  
| name        = Rohini  
| manufacturer = [[ISRO]]
| manufacturer = [[ISRO]]
| country      = India
| country      = [[India]]
| applications = Experimental Satellites
| applications = Experimental Satellites
| orbits      = 400km Circular [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbits      = 400km Circular [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| operator    = [[ISRO]]
| operator    = ISRO
| lifetime    = 8
| lifetime    = 8
| derivedfrom  =6  
| derivedfrom  = 6  
| derivatives  =5
| derivatives  = 5
 
| status      = Retired
| status      = Retired
| launched    = 4
| launched    = 4
| retired      = 2
| retired      = 2
| lost        = 2
| lost        = 2
| first        = [[Rohini Technology Payload|RTP]]<br/><small>10 August 1979</small>
| first        = [[Rohini Technology Payload|RTP]]<br/><small>10 August 1979</small>
[[Rohini Satellite 1]] <br/><small>18 July 1980</small><br/><small>(Successful)</small>
| last        = [[Rohini RS-D2]]<br/><small>17 April 1983</small>
| last        = [[Rohini RS-D2]]<br/><small>17 April 1983</small>
| lastretired  = [[Rohini RS-D2]]
| lastretired  = [[Rohini RS-D2]]


|autoconvert = off
|autoconvert   = off
| mass        = {{convert|30|-|41.5|kg|lb}}
| mass        = {{convert|30|-|41.5|kg|lb}}
| power        = 3&nbsp;watts (RTP)<br/>16&nbsp;watts (others)
| power        = 3&nbsp;watts (RTP)<br/>16&nbsp;watts (others)
| batteries    =  
| batteries    =  
| equipment    = Launch Vehicle monitor<br/>Solid State camera(RS-D2)
| equipment    = Launch Vehicle monitor<br/>Solid State camera(RS-D2)
| dimensions  = 360
| dimensions  = 360
}}
}}


'''Rohini''' is a series of satellites launched by the Indian Space Research organization  (ISRO). The Rohini series consisted of four satellites, each of which was launched by the Satellite Launch Vehicle ([[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]])<ref name="Isro-Slv">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv |title=SLV |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref> and three of which made it successfully to orbit. The series were mostly experimental satellites.
'''Rohini''' is a series of satellites launched by [[ISRO]]. The Rohini series consisted of four satellites, each of which was launched by the [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (SLV)<ref name="Isro-Slv2">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |title=SLV |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529133357/http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv |archive-date=29 May 2017 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO}}</ref> and three of which made it successfully to orbit. The series were mostly experimental satellites, with the first launch being in 1979. There was an earlier series of ISRO [[Rohini (rocket family)|sounding rockets]] with the same name, first launched 1967.
 
== Satellites in series ==
=== Rohini Technology Payload (RTP) ===
It was a {{convert|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 3[[Watt|W]] of power and was launched on 10 August 1979 from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|SDSC]].<ref name="Isro-RTP">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rtp-1 |title=RTP |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731195814/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rtp-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The satellite contained instruments to monitor the launch vehicle. The satellite could not be placed into its intended orbit.


==Satellites in series==
=== Rohini RS-1 ===
{{Main article|Rohini Satellite 1}}
It was also a {{convert|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16[[Watt|W]] of power and was successfully launched on 18 July 1980 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre<ref name="Isro-Rs1">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-1-1 |title=RS-1 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193346/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-1-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> into an orbit of {{cvt|305|x|919|km}} with an inclination of 44.7°. It was the first satellite successfully launched by the indigenous launch vehicle SLV. This was India's first indigenous satellite launch, making it the seventh nation to possess the capability to launch its own satellites on its own rockets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-achieves-satellite-launch-capability-with-slv-3-rocket-successfully-puts-rohini-satellite-into-orbit-101689964367295.html|title=From HT Archives: India successfully launches Rohini on indigenous rocket}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/892545/blast-from-the-past-an-insiders-account-of-indias-first-successful-experimental-satellite-launch|title=Blast from the past: An insider’s account of India’s first successful experimental satellite launch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/independence-day-2023-rohini-the-forgotten-mother-of-indias-space-odyssey-12978542.html|title=Independence Day 2023: Rohini, the forgotten mother of India’s space odessey}}</ref> It provided data on the fourth stage of SLV. The satellite had mission life of 1.2 years and an orbital life of 20 months.


===Rohini Technology Payload (RTP)===
It was a {{convert|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 3[[Watt|W]] of power and was launched on 10 August 1979 from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|SDSC]].<ref name="Isro-RTP">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rtp-1 |title=RTP |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref> The satellite contained instruments to monitor the launch vehicle. It did not achieve its intended orbit as the carrier rocket SLV was only 'partially successful'.


===RS-1===
It was also a {{convert|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16[[Watt|W]] of power and was successfully launched on 18 July 1980 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre<ref name="Isro-Rs1">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-1-1 |title=RS-1 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref> into an orbit of {{cvt|305|x|919|km}} with an inclination of 44.7°. It was the first satellite successfully launched by the indigenous launch vehicle SLV. It provided data on the fourth stage of SLV. The satellite had mission life of 1.2 years and an orbital life of 20 months.
    .


===RS-D1===
=== Rohini RS-D1 ===
It was a {{convert|38|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16[[Watt|W]] of power and was launched on 31 May 1981.<ref name="Isro-RsD1">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-d1 |title=RS-D1 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref> The launch of the [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]] was a partial success as the satellite did not reach the intended height and thus it only stayed in orbit for 9 days. It achieved an orbit of {{cvt|186|x|418|km}} with an inclination of 46°. The satellite carried a solid state camera for remote sensing applications (Landmark Tracker) and performed to specifications.
It was a {{convert|38|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16[[Watt|W]] of power and was launched on 31 May 1981.<ref name="Isro-RsD1">{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/RohiniSatellite_RS_D1.html|title=Rohini Satellite RS-D1 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=3 December 2022}}</ref> The launch of the [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]] was a partial success as the satellite did not reach the intended height and thus it only stayed in orbit for 9 days. It achieved an orbit of {{cvt|186|x|418|km}} with an inclination of 46°. The satellite carried a solid state camera for [[remote sensing]] applications (Landmark Tracker) and performed to specifications.


===RS-D2===
=== Rohini RS-D2 ===
It was a {{convert|41.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16[[Watt|W]] of power and was launched successfully on 17 April 1983<ref name="Isro-RsD2">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-d2 |title=RS-D2 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref> into an orbit of {{cvt|371|x| 861|km}} and an inclination of 46°. The satellite was in operation (mission life) for 17 months and its main payload, a smart sensor camera, took over 2500 pictures. The camera had the capability to take pictures both in visible and infrared bands. After an orbital life of 7 years, the satellite reentered the Earth atmosphere on 19 April 1990.
It was a {{convert|41.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16[[Watt|W]] of power and was launched successfully on 17 April 1983<ref name="Isro-RsD2">{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/RohiniSatellite_RS_D2.html?timeline=timeline |title=Rohini Satellite RS-D2 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=3 December 2022}}</ref> into an orbit of {{cvt|371|x| 861|km}} and an inclination of 46°. The satellite was in operation (mission life) for 17 months and its main payload, a smart sensor camera, took over 2500 pictures. The camera had the capability to take pictures both in visible and infrared bands. After an orbital life of 7 years, the satellite reentered the Earth atmosphere on 19 April 1990.


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==See also==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Portal|India|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of Indian satellites]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]


{{clear}}
{{Clear}}


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
== External links ==
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/isro/rohini.html|title=Rohini Satellite (RS-1) Series (Launched by Indian Rocket)|website=www.csre.iitb.ac.in|access-date=2016-06-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628235717/http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/isro/rohini.html|archive-date=2016-06-28}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/isro/rohini.html|title=Rohini Satellite (RS-1) Series (Launched by Indian Rocket)|website=www.csre.iitb.ac.in|access-date=2016-06-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628235717/http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/isro/rohini.html|archive-date=2016-06-28}}


Latest revision as of 15:02, 5 December 2025


For other uses, see Rohini (disambiguation).

Rohini
ManufacturerISRO
Country of originIndia
OperatorISRO
ApplicationsExperimental Satellites
Specifications
Launch mass30–41.5 kilograms (66–91 lb)
Dimensions360
Power3 watts (RTP)
16 watts (others)
EquipmentLaunch Vehicle monitor
Solid State camera(RS-D2)
Regime400km Circular Low Earth
Design life8
Dimensions
Production
StatusRetired
Launched4
Retired2
Lost2
Maiden launchRTP
10 August 1979 Rohini Satellite 1
18 July 1980
(Successful)
Last launchRohini RS-D2
17 April 1983
Last retirementRohini RS-D2
Related spacecraft
Derived from6
Derivatives5

Rohini is a series of satellites launched by ISRO. The Rohini series consisted of four satellites, each of which was launched by the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)[1] and three of which made it successfully to orbit. The series were mostly experimental satellites, with the first launch being in 1979. There was an earlier series of ISRO sounding rockets with the same name, first launched 1967.

Satellites in series[edit | edit source]

Rohini Technology Payload (RTP)[edit | edit source]

It was a 35 kg (77 lb) experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 3W of power and was launched on 10 August 1979 from SDSC.[2] The satellite contained instruments to monitor the launch vehicle. The satellite could not be placed into its intended orbit.

Rohini RS-1[edit | edit source]

Main article: Rohini Satellite 1

It was also a 35 kg (77 lb) experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16W of power and was successfully launched on 18 July 1980 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre[3] into an orbit of 305 km × 919 km (190 mi × 571 mi) with an inclination of 44.7°. It was the first satellite successfully launched by the indigenous launch vehicle SLV. This was India's first indigenous satellite launch, making it the seventh nation to possess the capability to launch its own satellites on its own rockets.[4][5][6] It provided data on the fourth stage of SLV. The satellite had mission life of 1.2 years and an orbital life of 20 months.


Rohini RS-D1[edit | edit source]

It was a 38 kg (84 lb) experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16W of power and was launched on 31 May 1981.[7] The launch of the SLV was a partial success as the satellite did not reach the intended height and thus it only stayed in orbit for 9 days. It achieved an orbit of 186 km × 418 km (116 mi × 260 mi) with an inclination of 46°. The satellite carried a solid state camera for remote sensing applications (Landmark Tracker) and performed to specifications.

Rohini RS-D2[edit | edit source]

It was a 41.5 kg (91 lb) experimental spin stabilized satellite that used 16W of power and was launched successfully on 17 April 1983[8] into an orbit of 371 km × 861 km (231 mi × 535 mi) and an inclination of 46°. The satellite was in operation (mission life) for 17 months and its main payload, a smart sensor camera, took over 2500 pictures. The camera had the capability to take pictures both in visible and infrared bands. After an orbital life of 7 years, the satellite reentered the Earth atmosphere on 19 April 1990.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "SLV". ISRO.gov. ISRO. 25 October 2015. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  2. ↑ "RTP". ISRO.gov. ISRO. 25 October 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "RS-1". ISRO.gov. ISRO. 25 October 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  4. ↑ "From HT Archives: India successfully launches Rohini on indigenous rocket".
  5. ↑ "Blast from the past: An insider's account of India's first successful experimental satellite launch".
  6. ↑ "Independence Day 2023: Rohini, the forgotten mother of India's space odessey".
  7. ↑ "Rohini Satellite RS-D1". ISRO.gov. ISRO. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  8. ↑ "Rohini Satellite RS-D2". ISRO.gov. ISRO. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2022.

External links[edit | edit source]

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