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{{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh, India|}} | {{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh, India|}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date= | {{distinguish|Ghaziabad, Pakistan}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} | |||
<!-- linked from redirect Ghaziabad --> | <!-- linked from redirect Ghaziabad --> | ||
<!--See [[ | <!--See [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details--> | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Ghaziabad | ||
| settlement_type | | native_name = | ||
| image_skyline | | official_name = | ||
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Six cities to get metropolitan status|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Six-cities-to-get-metropolitan-status/articleshow/2210886.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 October 2006 |access-date=8 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223071608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Six-cities-to-get-metropolitan-status/articleshow/2210886.cms|archive-date=23 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image | |||
| border = infobox | | border = infobox | ||
| total_width = | | total_width = 300 | ||
| image_style = | | image_style = | ||
| perrow = 1/2/2/1 | | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | ||
| Line 19: | Line 22: | ||
| image6 = Hindon Airport.jpg | | image6 = Hindon Airport.jpg | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_size | | image_size = | ||
| image_alt | | demographics1_title2 = Native | ||
| image_caption | | demographics1_info2 = [[Khariboli]] | ||
| nickname | | image_alt = | ||
| image_map | | image_caption = Clockwise from Top:<br />[[Indirapuram]] Skyline, [[Kaushambi, Ghaziabad|Kaushambi]] Skyline, Clock House, [[Hindon Airport]], Shipra Mall and [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]] | ||
| map_alt | | nickname = Gateway of [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
| map_caption | | image_map = | ||
| pushpin_map | | map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | map_caption = | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_label_position = | ||
| coordinates | | pushpin_map_alt = Map of Ghaziabad | ||
| subdivision_type | | pushpin_map_caption = | ||
| subdivision_name | | coordinates = {{coord|28.67|N|77.42|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type3 | | subdivision_type1 = [[List of states and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name3 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
| established_title | | subdivision_name2 = [[Meerut Division|Meerut]] | ||
| established_date | | subdivision_name3 = [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]] | ||
| founder | | established_title = | ||
| named_for | | established_date = | ||
| government_type | | founder = | ||
| governing_body | | named_for = | ||
| leader_title | | government_type = [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| leader_name | | governing_body = [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| leader_title1 | | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | ||
| leader_name1 | | leader_name = Sunita Dayal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) | ||
| unit_pref | | leader_title1 = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] | ||
| area_footnotes | | leader_name1 = Nitin Gaur, IAS<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/in-a-reshuffle-before-civic-polls-gmc-gets-new-commissioner/articleshow/94314521.cms|title=In a reshuffle before civic polls, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation|work=The Times of India|date=20 September 2022 |accessdate=20 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
| area_total_km2 | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | area_footnotes = <ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|title=Ghaziabad City|website=www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201106/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| elevation_m | | area_total_km2 = 210 | ||
| population_total | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| population_as_of | | elevation_m = | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_total = 1,729,000 | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_rank | | population_footnotes = <ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> | ||
| population_demonym | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| demographics_type1 | | population_rank = | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | population_demonym = Ghaziabadi | ||
| timezone1 | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| utc_offset1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| postal_code_type | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] | ||
| postal_code | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| area_code | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| area_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| registration_plate | | postal_code = 201 XXX | ||
| website | | area_code = 91-120 | ||
| footnotes | | area_code_type = [[Telephone code]] | ||
| registration_plate = UP-14 | |||
| website = {{URL|http://ghaziabad.nic.in/}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA | '''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA|hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪|lang}}) is a city in the Indian state<ref>{{Cite web |last=CareersHelp |date=29 March 2022 |title=Slums Problems 2022 - A Reality Of India Slums Problems And Solutions |url=https://careers.help/slums-problems/ |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=Careers Help - More Than Just Career Help |language=en-US |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006032836/https://careers.help/slums-problems/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[Western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is part of the [[Meerut division|Meerut Division]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. | ||
It is sometimes referred to as the " | It is sometimes referred to as the "Gateway of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2009 |title=Ghaziabad slum dwellers clash with authorities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ghaziabad-slum-dwellers-clash-with-authorities/ |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> work has led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Sad State Of Ghaziabad Slums, People Deprived of Basic Amenities |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENpZ_hrUgWg |language=en |access-date=19 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a [[Vizier|wazir]] in the court of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.<ref>Anu Kapur, In 1864, with the advent of the railways, the name was shortened to Ghaziabad for administrative purposes p. 83-85, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&dq=ghaziuddinnagar&pg=PT83 Mapping Place Names of India]</ref> The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|title=history1|publisher=nagarnigamghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name=" | [[File:Hindoun Railway Bridge near Ghaziabad.jpg|thumb|left|A photograph of the Hindan Bridge taken in 1858 by Major Robert Christopher Tytler and his wife, Harriet. The Hindon River was the scene of a battle between the British and the Indian rebels in May 1857.]] | ||
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II|Ghazi-ud-Din II]], who served as a [[Vizier|wazir]] in the court of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.<ref>Anu Kapur, In 1864, with the advent of the railways, the name was shortened to Ghaziabad for administrative purposes p. 83-85, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&dq=ghaziuddinnagar&pg=PT83 Mapping Place Names of India]</ref> The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|title=history1|publisher=nagarnigamghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="The Economic Times" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=7 March 2005 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|website=ghaziabad.nic.in|publisher=District Administration, Ghaziabad|access-date=5 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161131/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the [[Hindon River|Hindon]] in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Debashish|title=Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|agency=The Hindu|date=14 August 2011|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status = dead}}</ref> | |||
Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Azimabadi|first1=Badr|title=Great Personalities in Islam|date=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers|location=Daryaganj, Delhi|page=218|isbn=9788174351227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&pg=PP5}}</ref> The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]], connecting [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]], up until [[Ambala]] through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> With the completion of the [[Amritsar]]-[[Saharanpur]]-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, [[Delhi]] was connected to [[Multan]] through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> | Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Azimabadi|first1=Badr|title=Great Personalities in Islam|date=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers|location=Daryaganj, Delhi|page=218|isbn=9788174351227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&pg=PP5}}</ref> The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]], connecting [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]], up until [[Ambala]] through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> With the completion of the [[Amritsar]]-[[Saharanpur]]-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, [[Delhi]] was connected to [[Multan]] through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
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Ghaziabad was associated with the [[Indian independence movement]] from the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com"/> | Ghaziabad was associated with the [[Indian independence movement]] from the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com"/> | ||
Ghaziabad was part of [[Meerut]] district, it became a new district on 14 November 1976 by then chief minister N.D. Tiwari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About District {{!}} ghaziabad {{!}} India |url=https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/about-district/ |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref> | |||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
===Population=== | ===Population=== | ||
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was | The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. According to official website of [https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/ Ghaziabad], the population of Ghaziabad is 34,06,061 with 18,60,400 males and 16,60,412 females as of January 24, 2025 . The city is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh. The literacy rate was 98.81%.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 July 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233834/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 2 April 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of Empowered Committee |url=http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930090010/http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |url-status = dead|archive-date=30 September 2011 |work=Minutes of the Meeting Report |publisher=Government of India |access-date=18 March 2013 }}</ref> It is the second largest industrial city in [[Uttar Pradesh]] after [[Kanpur]].<ref name="ghaziabad1">{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |title=district and session court-ghaziabad |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214015019/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |archive-date=14 February 2014 |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2019 |title=Caste will play role in casting votes in Ghaziabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-caste-will-play-role-in-casting-votes-in-ghaziabad/story-zDcPS6zS6jyHHJH34Mme1K.html |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=Hindustantimes |language=en}}</ref> | ||
{{bar box | |||
|title=Religions in Ghaziabad (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |||
|left1=Religion | |||
|right1=Percent | |||
|float=left | |||
|bars= | |||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|82.50}} | |||
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|14.18}} | |||
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.96}} | |||
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Uttar Pradesh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.78}} | |||
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Uttar Pradesh|Jainism]]|pink|0.71}} | |||
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.87}} | |||
|caption=Distribution of religions | |||
}} | |||
According to the final data, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,648,643 and a sex ratio of 885 females per 1000 males. Ghaziabad had a literacy rate of 84.78%. 12.67% of the population was under the age of 6. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 13.68% and 0.18% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Ghaziabad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1214/download/3870/DH_2011_0909_PART_A_DCHB_GHAZIABAD.pdf |access-date= |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |||
{{pie chart | |||
|thumb = left | |||
|caption = Languages in Ghaziabad (2011)<ref name="Lang"/> | |||
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 94.24 |color1 = orange | |||
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 1.52 |color2 = green | |||
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value3 = 1.06 |color3 = pink | |||
|label4 = Others |value4 = 3.18 |color4 = grey | |||
}} | |||
[[Hindi]] is the most spoken language. Other languages such as Urdu and Punjabi, are spoken by a minority. There is a smattering of speakers of other languages due to Ghaziabad's position in the Delhi metro area.<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |||
== Government and politics == | == Government and politics == | ||
Ghaziabad city is governed by the [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] under the [http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act], 1959.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis|hdl=10603/223280|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/223280}}</ref> Ghaziabad city is spread over {{cvt|210|km2}} of municipal area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad City|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|access-date=2020- | Ghaziabad city is governed by the [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] under the [http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233237/http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf |date=16 August 2017 }}, 1959.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis|hdl=10603/223280|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/223280}}</ref> Ghaziabad city is spread over {{cvt|210|km2}} of municipal area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad City|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|access-date=26 August 2020|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006042736/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]] on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.<ref name=":1" /> Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0" /> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.<ref name="Ghaziabad Official Information" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parshad List|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/parshad-list.html|access-date=29 October 2020|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725070011/https://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/parshad-list.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The local elections to all wards was last held in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 November 2017|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam Polls 2017: Ward-Wise Candidate and Municipal Corporation Details of Ghaziabad, UP|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/ghaziabad-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-ward-wise-candidate-and-municipal-corporation-details-of-ghaziabad-up-2675838/|access-date=26 August 2020|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> The executive head is Vikramaditya Singh Malik, the current [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} while the elected head is the [[Mayor]], Sunita dayal from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayaskant Das|date=12 December 2017|title=BJP leader Asha Sharma sworn in as new Ghaziabad mayor {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/bjp-leader-asha-sharma-sworn-in-as-new-ghaziabad-mayor/articleshow/62039904.cms|access-date=26 August 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
In 2022, Assembly Election [[Atul Garg]], [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] candidate won the election. | In 2022, Assembly Election [[Atul Garg]], [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] candidate won the election. | ||
The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/index.html|access-date=2020 | The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/index.html|access-date=29 October 2020|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organization{{!}}GMA- Ghaziabad Management Association|url=http://gmaindia.org/executive.php|access-date=29 October 2020|website=gmaindia.org}}</ref> | ||
=== Representation in state assembly === | === Representation in state assembly === | ||
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]] represented by [[ | The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]] represented by BJP's [[Atul Garg]] elected in 2024.<ref name="myneta.info">{{Cite web|title=Atul Garg(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(GHAZIABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=186|access-date=23 September 2020|website=myneta.info}}</ref> and one MLA elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency)|Vidhan Sabha constituency]], represented by BJP's [[Atul Garg]] elected in 2017.<ref name="myneta.info"/> | ||
=== Law and order === | === Law and order === | ||
In January 2020 it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020 | In January 2020, it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 January 2020|title=Commissionerate: New police system in Ghaziabad, Varanasi, Kanpur likely|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/commissionerate-new-police-system-in-ghaziabad-varanasi-kanpur-likely-6216869/|access-date=29 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who {{!}} District Ghaziabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/about-district/whos-who/|access-date=29 October 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
=== Development === | === Development === | ||
The [[Ghaziabad Development Authority]] (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure. | The [[Ghaziabad Development Authority]] (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure. | ||
The Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA) announced plans to develop Ghaziabad as the next solar city in the state after Ayodhya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-06 |title=In 3 yrs, solar power to account for 10% of Gzb's energy needs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/solar-energy-to-account-for-10-of-ghaziabads-energy-needs-by-2027/articleshow/112300376.cms |access-date=2025-09-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The city is expected to meet 10% of its electricity demand with solar power by 2027. Out of the targeted 22 GW power generation capacity under the plan, 6 GW is planned from rooftop solar systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=connect2783 |date=2023-09-13 |title=Slow Burn Of The Solar Boom |url=https://www.nagrika.org/post/solar-rooftops |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Nagrika |language=en}}</ref> | |||
The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017 | === Civic utilities === | ||
Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The [[Comprehensive planning|master plan]] for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, [[Uttar Pradesh]], which is department under the [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]] for the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / About Us / Profile|url=http://uptownplanning.gov.in/page/en/profile|access-date=26 August 2020|website=uptownplanning.gov.in|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029132356/http://uptownplanning.gov.in/page/en/profile|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=9 January 2017|title=Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/ghaziabad-s-residential-areas-to-get-water-atms-before-summer/story-IJp306qqdFn3IEhd0y9lOO.html|access-date=26 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The city also receives water from the [[Ganges|Ganga]] through 50 [[Cubic foot|cusec]] (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants<ref name=":2" /> but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad: New Ganga water treatment plant to tackle city's water scarcity|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/5967/ghaziabad-new-ganga-water-treatment-plant-to-tackle-city-s-water-scarcity|access-date=26 August 2020|website=www.cityspidey.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=4 September 2015|title=Treated water doesn't reach over half of Ghaziabad homes {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Treated-water-doesnt-reach-over-half-of-Ghaziabad-homes/articleshow/48796230.cms|access-date=26 August 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | |||
The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up [[sewage treatment plants]] and water treatment plants for the city.<ref name=":3" /> The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.<ref name=":4"/> Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.<ref name=":4" /> Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.<ref name=":4" /> | The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up [[sewage treatment plants]] and water treatment plants for the city.<ref name=":3" /> The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.<ref name=":4"/> Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.<ref name=":4" /> Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.<ref name=":4" /> | ||
As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to [[Meerut]], while 300 metric tonnes are sent to [[Pilkhuwa]], while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create [[compost]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|author=Abhijay Jha|date= | As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to [[Meerut]], while 300 metric tonnes are sent to [[Pilkhuwa]], while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create [[compost]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|author=Abhijay Jha|date=25 January 2019|title=Meerut allows Ghaziabad to dump 200 tonnes of waste daily {{!}} Ghaziabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/meerut-allows-ghaziabad-to-dump-200-tonnes-of-waste-daily/articleshow/67680428.cms|access-date=8 September 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar [[landfill]] until they stopped on the orders of a [[National Green Tribunal Act|National Green Tribunal]] committee.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=GZB Municipal corp to set up 10 garbage factories|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/business/gzb-municipal-corp-to-set-up-10-garbage-factories.html|access-date=8 September 2020|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem. | ||
=== Municipal finance === | |||
As per the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation reported a revenue of ₹665 crore (US$80 million) and an expenditure of ₹480 crore (US$58 million) in 2022–23. Taxes contributed to 31.6% of the revenue, while the corporation received ₹429 crore in grants during the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghaziabad Municipal Data |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/ghaziabad |publisher=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> | |||
== Economy == | |||
[[File:Crossing Republik Ghaziabad (NH 24).jpg|left|thumb|Residential apartments near [[Vaishali metro station]], Ghaziabad]] | |||
[[File:MAIT Administrative Block.JPG|left|thumb|MAIT Administrative Block in Ghaziabad.]] | |||
Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=30, 92, 98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC}}</ref> John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at [[Rawalpindi]] was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=172}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Mohan Meakin]] breweries were also set up in 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohanmeakin.com/index.php |title=Mohan Meakin Group |publisher=Mohanmeakin.com |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=92}}</ref> | |||
In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the [[Electronics industry]], with the setting up of [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Central Electronics Limited]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=97, 98}}</ref> Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=124, 93, 11, 39, 69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC&pg=PA1}}</ref> | |||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
[[File: | [[File:Delhi–Meerut Expressway in Ghaziabad 07.jpg|thumb|[[Delhi–Meerut Expressway]] connects Ghaziabad with [[Delhi]] and [[Meerut]].]] | ||
A proposal has been made to widen{{when|date=April 2020}} [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/make-nh-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-akhilesh-yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |title=Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020244/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Make-NH-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-Akhilesh-Yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref> | A proposal has been made to widen{{when|date=April 2020}} [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/make-nh-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-akhilesh-yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |title=Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020244/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Make-NH-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-Akhilesh-Yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref> | ||
===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
[[File:Delhi Metro.jpg|thumb|The [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue]] | [[File:Delhi Metro.jpg|thumb|The [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue]], [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red]] and [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink]] lines of [[Delhi Metro]] serve Ghaziabad]] | ||
The [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue]] | The [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue]], [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red]] and [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink]] lines of Delhi Metro serve Ghaziabad and connect it with [[Delhi]]. The Red Line has 8 stations in the city, with its eastern terminus [[Shaheed Sthal metro station|Shaheed Sthal]] being located here. The Blue Line has 2 stations in Ghaziabad, viz., [[Kaushambi metro station|Kaushambi]], which serves the area of [[Kaushambi (Ghaziabad)|Kaushambi]], and [[Vaishali (Delhi Metro)|Vaishali]], which serves the areas of Vaishali, [[Vasundhra|Vasundhara]] and [[Indirapuram]]. Pink line also has 2 stations in Loni, Ghaziabad, viz., [[Johri Enclave metro station|Johri Enclave]] and [[Shiv Vihar (Delhi Metro)|Shiv Vihar]].<ref>{{cite web|date=15 July 2011|title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/|access-date=16 April 2013|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> | ||
The city | The main railway station in the city is [[Ghaziabad Junction railway station|Ghaziabad Junction]], which, as per the [[categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance]], has been ranked NSG-2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/Railway_station_zone-category_wise_list.pdf |title=List of zone/category-wise railway stations opened for passenger services in Indian Railways |date=1 December 2022 |website=indianrailways.gov.in |publisher=Indian Railways |access-date=22 December 2023 |page=61}}</ref> The station has been operating since 1864 and is an important one on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line|Delhi-Howrah line]]. It is spread across {{convert|150,000|m2|acre}} and has a daily footfall of 50,000 passengers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ranjput |first=Abhinav |date=21 December 2023 |title=Ghaziabad railway station on track for revamp |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/ghaziabad-railway-station-on-track-for-revamp/articleshow/106166618.cms |work=Times of India |location=New Delhi |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref> | ||
The [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]] is | The [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]] is an {{cvt|82.15|km}} [[Higher-speed rail|semi-high speed rail]] connecting Delhi, Ghaziabad, and [[Meerut]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/delhi-meerut-rrts-information-route-maps-fares-tenders-updates/ |title=Delhi–Meerut RRTS – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates |website=themetrorailguy.com |publisher=The Metro Rail Guy |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ncrtc.in/overview-project/ |title=Project Overview - NCRTC |website=ncrtc.in |publisher=NCRTC |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Journal|first=Tunnelling|date=31 December 2021|title=EPBMs ready for India's Delhi-Meerut Rapid Rail Project|url=https://tunnellingjournal.com/epbms-ready-indias-delhi-meerut-rapid-rail-project/|access-date=31 December 2021|website=The Tunnelling Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref> It is partly operational, with its priority section from [[Sahibabad]] to Duhai opened to public on 20 October 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last=Anand |first=Jatin |title=PM Modi flags off RRTS: What is this mass transport system, how it can benefit NCR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/pm-modi-to-flag-off-rrts-what-is-this-mass-transport-system-how-it-can-benefit-ncr-8991437/ |work=The Indian Express |date=20 October 2023 |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref> | ||
===Air=== | ===Air=== | ||
[[Hindon Airport]] is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] on 8 March 2019. The [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.<ref>[http://livemint.com/companies/news/udan-scheme-4-airlines-to-link-ghaziabad-to-8-small-towns-from-mid-may-1552043368616.html UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh] Livemint</ref> | [[Hindon Airport]] is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] on 8 March 2019. The [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.<ref>[http://livemint.com/companies/news/udan-scheme-4-airlines-to-link-ghaziabad-to-8-small-towns-from-mid-may-1552043368616.html UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh] Livemint</ref> [[Noida International Airport|A new airport in Noida]] is being built to relieve congestion at IGI coming from Ghaziabad and other cities inside NCR | ||
== | Ghaziabad has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref> | ||
Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are: | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add an institute to this list if it already has its own article on the English | ==Education== | ||
Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are: | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add an institute to this list if it already has its own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> | ||
*[[Christ University]] [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR Campus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi NCR Campus |url=https://ncr.christuniversity.in/ |website=NCR, Christ University |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> | *[[Christ University]] [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR Campus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi NCR Campus |url=https://ncr.christuniversity.in/ |website=NCR, Christ University |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> | ||
*[[ | * [[Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow]] | ||
*[[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]] (IMT) | * [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]] (IMT) | ||
* [[Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rkgit.edu.in/ |title = RKGIT:: Top Private engineering college in AKTU}}</ref> | |||
*[[Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rkgit.edu.in/ |title = RKGIT:: Top Private engineering college in AKTU}}</ref> | * [[Santosh Medical College]] | ||
*[[Santosh Medical College]] | |||
== Notable people == | == Notable people == | ||
===Arts, entertainment and television=== | ===Arts, entertainment and television=== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[Lara Dutta]], Miss Universe 2000 and Bollywood actress | * [[Lara Dutta]], Miss Universe 2000 and Bollywood actress<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-lara-dutta-her-top-moments/|title=Happy Birthday Lara Dutta: Her top moments|date=16 April 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=10 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175956/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-lara-dutta-her-top-moments/|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
* [[Luv Ranjan]], Indian film and music director, writer, lyricist and producer who works in [[Hindi cinema]] | |||
===Business=== | ===Business=== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[Nikesh Arora]], businessman, former president and COO of SoftBank Corp. and CEO of SoftBank Internet and Media, Inc | * [[Nikesh Arora]], businessman, former president and COO of SoftBank Corp. and CEO of SoftBank Internet and Media, Inc<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Tk0XvEXQoUDplzSgqtHSFL/Googles-Nikesh-Arora-Man-with-a-plan.html|title=Google's Nikesh Arora: Man with a plan|work=Live Mint|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175355/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Tk0XvEXQoUDplzSgqtHSFL/Googles-Nikesh-Arora-Man-with-a-plan.html|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
* [[Kapil Mohan]], businessman <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1175170/old-monk-kapil-mohan-who-popularised-indias-legendary-rum-brand-is-no-more/|title=Old Monk's old man is no more|last=Thomas|first=Maria|work=Quartz|access-date=2018 | * [[Kapil Mohan]], businessman<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1175170/old-monk-kapil-mohan-who-popularised-indias-legendary-rum-brand-is-no-more/|title=Old Monk's old man is no more|last=Thomas|first=Maria|work=Quartz|access-date=10 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175415/https://qz.com/1175170/old-monk-kapil-mohan-who-popularised-indias-legendary-rum-brand-is-no-more/|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
===Politics and government=== | ===Politics and government=== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[Suresh Bansal]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|title=FIR against unknown bike bourne criminals for attack on Loni MLA Nand Kishore Gurjar, NCR Hindi News - Hindustan|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061726/https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | * [[Suresh Bansal]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|title=FIR against unknown bike bourne criminals for attack on Loni MLA Nand Kishore Gurjar, NCR Hindi News - Hindustan|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061726/https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
* [[Madan Bhaiya]], politician | * [[Madan Bhaiya]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|title=Mafia don, News Photo, the notorious 'mafaia don' Mad|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807162340/https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
* [[Roop Chaudhary]], politician | * [[Roop Chaudhary]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|title= Bharatiya Janata Party|access-date= 15 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155431/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|archive-date= 7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
* [[Arvind Kejriwal]], politician | * [[Arvind Kejriwal]], politician | ||
* [[Rama Pilot]], politician | * [[Rama Pilot]], politician<ref name="LS">{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile: Pilot, Smt. Rama|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|publisher=[[Lok Sabha]]|access-date=4 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011604/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
* General [[V.K. Singh]] (Retd.), politician | * [[Rajnath Singh]], politician | ||
* [[K.C. Tyagi]], politician | * General [[V. K. Singh]] (Retd.), politician | ||
* [[Ram Chandra Vikal]], freedom fighter and deputy Chief Minister of UP | * [[K. C. Tyagi]], politician | ||
* [[Ram Chandra Vikal]], freedom fighter and deputy Chief Minister of UP<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|title=Former UP deputy CM Ram Chander Vikal dies|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217024002/http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status = live}}</ref> | |||
===Sports=== | ===Sports=== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
*[[Rajkumar Baisla]], Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https:// | *[[Rajkumar Baisla]], Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghaziabad-8589007.html|title=पहलवान राजकुमार व निशानेबाज फरीद अली सम्मानित -|website=Jagran}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://etherealitsolutions.com/digital-marketing-company-in-ghaziabad/ |title = Digital Marketing Companies in Ghaziabad| date=28 April 2023 }}</ref> | ||
*[[Donald Crowhurst]], sailor | |||
*[[Anshul Gupta]], cricketer | |||
*[[Manoj Prabhakar]], cricketer | *[[Manoj Prabhakar]], cricketer | ||
*[[Suresh Raina]], cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|title=Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|website=Cricbuzz|language=en|access-date=2018 | *[[Suresh Raina]], cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|title=Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|website=Cricbuzz|language=en|access-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703051012/http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status = live}}</ref> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English | *[[Jaya Sharma]], cricketer | ||
*[[Kunal Lal]], cricketer | |||
*[[Rahul Yadav (cricketer)|Rahul Yadav]], cricketer | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
| Line 195: | Line 242: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Ghaziabad}} | |||
* [http://ghaziabad.nic.in Ghaziabad District Administration] | * [http://ghaziabad.nic.in Ghaziabad District Administration] | ||
* | * {{Wikivoyage inline|Ghaziabad}} | ||
{{Ghaziabad district}} | {{Ghaziabad district}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:29, 11 March 2026
Ghaziabad | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from Top: Indirapuram Skyline, Kaushambi Skyline, Clock House, Hindon Airport, Shipra Mall and Institute of Management Technology | |
| Nickname: Gateway of Uttar Pradesh | |
  Ghaziabad  Ghaziabad  Ghaziabad | |
| Coordinates: 28°40′N 77°25′E / 28.67°N 77.42°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Meerut |
| District | Ghaziabad |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Sunita Dayal (BJP) |
| • Municipal Commissioner | Nitin Gaur, IAS[2] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 210 km2 (80 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[3] | |
| • Total | 1,729,000 |
| • Density | 8,200/km2 (21,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Ghaziabadi |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Native | Khariboli |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 201 XXX |
| Telephone code | 91-120 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-14 |
| Website | ghaziabad |
Ghaziabad (hns) is a city in the Indian state[4] of Uttar Pradesh and a part of Delhi NCR.[5] It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in Western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000.[3] Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.[6] The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.[3] Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India.[7][8] It is part of the Meerut Division of Uttar Pradesh.
It is sometimes referred to as the "Gateway of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to Delhi, on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.[9] Recent construction[10] work has led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.[11][12] Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.[13][14]
History[edit | edit source]
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din II, who served as a wazir in the court of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.[15] The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.[16][17][18][19] During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the Hindon in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.[17]
Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by Syed Ahmad Khan.[20] The Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway, connecting Delhi and Lahore, up until Ambala through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.[21] With the completion of the Amritsar-Saharanpur-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, Delhi was connected to Multan through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the East Indian Railway and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.[22]
Ghaziabad, along with Meerut and Bulandshahr, remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the British Raj.[23]
Ghaziabad was associated with the Indian independence movement from the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[16]
Ghaziabad was part of Meerut district, it became a new district on 14 November 1976 by then chief minister N.D. Tiwari.[24]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
Population[edit | edit source]
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. According to official website of Ghaziabad, the population of Ghaziabad is 34,06,061 with 18,60,400 males and 16,60,412 females as of January 24, 2025 . The city is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh. The literacy rate was 98.81%.[25] Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.[26] It is the second largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur.[27][28]
According to the final data, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,648,643 and a sex ratio of 885 females per 1000 males. Ghaziabad had a literacy rate of 84.78%. 12.67% of the population was under the age of 6. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 13.68% and 0.18% of the population respectively.[30]
Hindi is the most spoken language. Other languages such as Urdu and Punjabi, are spoken by a minority. There is a smattering of speakers of other languages due to Ghaziabad's position in the Delhi metro area.[31]
Government and politics[edit | edit source]
Ghaziabad city is governed by the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act Archived 16 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1959.[32] Ghaziabad city is spread over 210 km2 (81 sq mi) of municipal area.[33] It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a Municipal Corporation on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.[33] Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.[6] The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.[3][34] The local elections to all wards was last held in 2023.[35] The executive head is Vikramaditya Singh Malik, the current Municipal Commissioner[citation needed] while the elected head is the Mayor, Sunita dayal from the BJP.[36] In 2022, Assembly Election Atul Garg, Bhartiya Janta Party candidate won the election.
The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.[37] It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.[38]
Representation in state assembly[edit | edit source]
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the Lok Sabha constituency represented by BJP's Atul Garg elected in 2024.[39] and one MLA elected from the Vidhan Sabha constituency, represented by BJP's Atul Garg elected in 2017.[39]
Law and order[edit | edit source]
In January 2020, it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.[40] The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.[41]
Development[edit | edit source]
The Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure.
The Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA) announced plans to develop Ghaziabad as the next solar city in the state after Ayodhya.[42] The city is expected to meet 10% of its electricity demand with solar power by 2027. Out of the targeted 22 GW power generation capacity under the plan, 6 GW is planned from rooftop solar systems.[43]
Civic utilities[edit | edit source]
Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The master plan for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, which is department under the Department of Housing and Urban Planning for the state.[44]
The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.[45] The city also receives water from the Ganga through 50 cusec (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants[45] but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.[46] Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.[47]
The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up sewage treatment plants and water treatment plants for the city.[46] The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.[47] Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.[47] Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.[47]
As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to Meerut, while 300 metric tonnes are sent to Pilkhuwa, while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create compost.[48] The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar landfill until they stopped on the orders of a National Green Tribunal committee.[48] The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories[49]' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.
Municipal finance[edit | edit source]
As per the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation reported a revenue of ₹665 crore (US$80 million) and an expenditure of ₹480 crore (US$58 million) in 2022–23. Taxes contributed to 31.6% of the revenue, while the corporation received ₹429 crore in grants during the year.[50]
Economy[edit | edit source]
.jpg)
Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of Punjab.[51] John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at Rawalpindi was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.[52] Subsequently, the Mohan Meakin breweries were also set up in 1949.[53] This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.[54]
In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of Bharat Electronics Limited and Central Electronics Limited[55] Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).[56]
Transportation[edit | edit source]
Road[edit | edit source]
A proposal has been made to widen[when?] National Highway 24 (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.[57]
Rail[edit | edit source]
The Blue, Red and Pink lines of Delhi Metro serve Ghaziabad and connect it with Delhi. The Red Line has 8 stations in the city, with its eastern terminus Shaheed Sthal being located here. The Blue Line has 2 stations in Ghaziabad, viz., Kaushambi, which serves the area of Kaushambi, and Vaishali, which serves the areas of Vaishali, Vasundhara and Indirapuram. Pink line also has 2 stations in Loni, Ghaziabad, viz., Johri Enclave and Shiv Vihar.[58]
The main railway station in the city is Ghaziabad Junction, which, as per the categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance, has been ranked NSG-2.[59] The station has been operating since 1864 and is an important one on the Delhi-Howrah line. It is spread across 150,000 square metres (37 acres) and has a daily footfall of 50,000 passengers.[60]
The Delhi–Meerut RRTS is an 82.15 km (51.05 mi) semi-high speed rail connecting Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut.[61][62][63] It is partly operational, with its priority section from Sahibabad to Duhai opened to public on 20 October 2023.[64]
Air[edit | edit source]
Hindon Airport is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after Indira Gandhi International Airport. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 8 March 2019. The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.[65] A new airport in Noida is being built to relieve congestion at IGI coming from Ghaziabad and other cities inside NCR
Ghaziabad has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'.[66]
Education[edit | edit source]
Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are:
- Christ University Delhi NCR Campus[67]
- Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
- Institute of Management Technology (IMT)
- Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology[68]
- Santosh Medical College
Notable people[edit | edit source]
Arts, entertainment and television[edit | edit source]
- Lara Dutta, Miss Universe 2000 and Bollywood actress[69]
- Luv Ranjan, Indian film and music director, writer, lyricist and producer who works in Hindi cinema
Business[edit | edit source]
- Nikesh Arora, businessman, former president and COO of SoftBank Corp. and CEO of SoftBank Internet and Media, Inc[70]
- Kapil Mohan, businessman[71]
Politics and government[edit | edit source]
- Suresh Bansal, politician[72]
- Madan Bhaiya, politician[73]
- Roop Chaudhary, politician[74]
- Arvind Kejriwal, politician
- Rama Pilot, politician[75]
- Rajnath Singh, politician
- General V. K. Singh (Retd.), politician
- K. C. Tyagi, politician
- Ram Chandra Vikal, freedom fighter and deputy Chief Minister of UP[76]
Sports[edit | edit source]
- Rajkumar Baisla, Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)[77][78]
- Donald Crowhurst, sailor
- Anshul Gupta, cricketer
- Manoj Prabhakar, cricketer
- Suresh Raina, cricketer[79]
- Jaya Sharma, cricketer
- Kunal Lal, cricketer
- Rahul Yadav, cricketer
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Six cities to get metropolitan status". The Times of India. 20 October 2006. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ↑ "In a reshuffle before civic polls, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation". The Times of India. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Ghaziabad City". www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ↑ CareersHelp (29 March 2022). "Slums Problems 2022 - A Reality Of India Slums Problems And Solutions". Careers Help - More Than Just Career Help. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ↑ "National Capital Region- Constituent Areas". NCRPB. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam". Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ↑ Athique and Hill, Adrian and Douglas (17 December 2009). The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure (2010 ed.). New York. pp. 110–114. ISBN 9781135181888.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History". NIC. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ↑ "Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P". Ghaziabad.nic.in. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ↑ "Ghaziabad slum dwellers clash with authorities". The Indian Express. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ↑ "Business". 17 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011.
- ↑ Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. "The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010., current listings: "World's fastest growing urban areas (1)". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
- ↑ "Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us". Archived from the original on 1 February 2013.
- ↑ Sad State Of Ghaziabad Slums, People Deprived of Basic Amenities, retrieved 19 November 2022
- ↑ Anu Kapur, In 1864, with the advent of the railways, the name was shortened to Ghaziabad for administrative purposes p. 83-85, Mapping Place Names of India
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "history1". nagarnigamghaziabad.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Roy, Debashish (14 August 2011). "Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
- ↑ "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- ↑ "History". ghaziabad.nic.in. District Administration, Ghaziabad. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
- ↑ Azimabadi, Badr (2007). Great Personalities in Islam. Daryaganj, Delhi: Adam Publishers. p. 218. ISBN 9788174351227.
- ↑ "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
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- ↑ "In 3 yrs, solar power to account for 10% of Gzb's energy needs". The Times of India. 6 August 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
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- ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer". Hindustan Times. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
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- ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 30, 92, 98. ISBN 8170222508.
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- ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 92. ISBN 8170222508.
- ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 97, 98. ISBN 8170222508.
- ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 124, 93, 11, 39, 69. ISBN 8170222508.
- ↑ "Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
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- ↑ UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh Livemint
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "पहलवान राजकुमार व निशानेबाज फरीद अली सम्मानित -". Jagran.
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- ↑ "Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats". Cricbuzz. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "Census of India 2011 – Provisional Population Totals | Uttar Pradesh Series 10" (PDF). 20 April 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- "Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work - Indian Express". indianexpress. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- "Ghaziabad Art & Culture". goghaziabad.com. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
