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{{short description|National highway in India}} | {{short description|National highway in India}}{{More citations needed|date=February 2026}}{{For|the old National Highway 1 or 1A|National Highway 44 (India)}} | ||
{{ | |||
{{For | the old National Highway 1A|National Highway 44 (India)}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox road | {{Infobox road | ||
| country = IND | | country = IND | ||
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| map_custom = yes | | map_custom = yes | ||
| map_notes = | | map_notes = | ||
| image = | | image = National Highway 1D India.JPG | ||
| image_width = | | image_width = | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| image_notes = | | image_notes = NH 1 through the Himalayan mountains | ||
| spur_type = NH | | spur_type = NH | ||
| spur_of = | | spur_of = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
[[File:Renumbered National Highways map of India (Schematic).jpg|right|200px|thumb|Schematic map of National Highways in India]] | |||
'''National Highway 1''' (NH 1) in India runs between the [[States and territories of India|union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]. It comprises parts of old [[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|NH1A]] and [[National Highway 1D |NH1D]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf |title=New National Highways notification - GOI |website=[[The Gazette of India]] |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="renumber">{{cite web |url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf |title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways |publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]] |access-date=3 April 2012 |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The number 1 indicates, under the new numbering system,<ref name="renumber" /> that it is the northernmost East–west highway in India. | |||
==History== | |||
A track between [[Srinagar]] in the [[Kashmir Valley]] and [[Leh]] in [[Ladakh]] had existed since medieval times, and it was a prime trade route for many centuries. It passed through the [[Zoji La]] pass—{{convert|3528|m}}—over the [[Great Himalaya]]n range, which is snowbound for half the year. | |||
After the [[Independence of India]], the Government of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] started building a motorable road along the route in 1954.{{sfn|Das|2021|p=100}} The construction was suspended in 1958 after discovery of corruption among the contractors and engineers, and an enquiry was initiated.{{sfn|Das|2021|p=100}}<ref>{{citation |last=Kavic |first=Lorne J. |title=India's Quest for Security: Defence Policies 1947-1965 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJbpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |year=2021 |orig-year=1967 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-33159-4 |page=51}}</ref> In 1960, the Government of India created the [[Border Roads Organisation]] (BRO) to take charge of strategic border roads and it was entrusted with completing the road. Setting up a 'Project Beacon' in Leh, the BRO completed the road by August 1962, and also extended it to [[Chushul]] by September 1962, just a few weeks before [[Sino-Indian War|hostilities]] were initiated by China.{{sfn|Das|2021|pp=101–102}} | |||
In addition to the Zoji La pass, the highway also had to cross the [[Ladakh Range]] between [[Kargil]] and Leh, via the [[Fotu La]] pass—{{convert|4108|m}}—which is however less snowbound than Zoji La. | |||
A segment of the highway came under attack by Pakistani intruders between [[Drass, Ladakh|Drass]] and Kargil in 1999, who occupied the mountain tops on the Indian side of the [[Line of Control]] and shelled the highway. This led to the [[Kargil War]], which ended by the Indian Army eventually evicting the intruders. | |||
== Route description == | == Route description == | ||
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{{Jctbtm}} | {{Jctbtm}} | ||
== | ==Traffic== | ||
The [[Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corporation]] (JKSRTC) operates regular Deluxe and Ordinary bus services between [[Srinagar]] and [[Leh]] on this route with an overnight halt at [[Kargil]]. Taxis (cars and jeeps) are also available at Srinagar for the journey. | The [[Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corporation]] (JKSRTC) operates regular Deluxe and Ordinary bus services between [[Srinagar]] and [[Leh]] on this route with an overnight halt at [[Kargil]]. Taxis (cars and jeeps) are also available at Srinagar for the journey. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Leh#Modern_highways|Various highways to Leh and Ladakh]] | |||
* [[Leh-Manali Highway]] | * [[Leh-Manali Highway]] | ||
* [[List of | * [[List of national highways in India]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==Bibliography== | |||
* {{citation |last=Das |first=Pushpita |title=India's Approach to Border Management: From Barriers to Bridges |publisher=KW Publishers & Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=2021 |url=https://idsa.in/system/files/book/indias-approach-to-border-management.pdf}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[ | *[https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/13066220 NH 1 on OpenStreetMap] | ||
{{commons category|NH 1 (India)}} | {{commons category|NH 1 (India)}} | ||
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{{IND NH1 sr}} | {{IND NH1 sr}} | ||
[[Category:National highways | [[Category:National highways of India]] | ||
[[Category:National | [[Category:National highways in Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:Transport in Ladakh]] | [[Category:Transport in Ladakh]] | ||
[[Category:National | [[Category:National highways in Ladakh]] | ||
[[Category:Transport in Kashmir Division]] | [[Category:Transport in Kashmir Division]] | ||
[[Category:Transport in Leh]] | [[Category:Transport in Leh]] | ||
[[Category:Transport in Baramulla]] | [[Category:Transport in Baramulla]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:24, 16 February 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2026) |
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Maintained by BRO | ||||
| Length | 534 km (332 mi) | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| East end |  NH 3, Leh | |||
| West end | Invalid type: S, Hattian Bala | |||
| Location | ||||
| States | Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh | |||
| Primary destinations | Baramulla, Srinagar, Kargil | |||
| Highway system | ||||
| ||||
.jpg)
National Highway 1 (NH 1) in India runs between the union territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. It comprises parts of old NH1A and NH1D.[1][2] The number 1 indicates, under the new numbering system,[2] that it is the northernmost East–west highway in India.
History[edit | edit source]
A track between Srinagar in the Kashmir Valley and Leh in Ladakh had existed since medieval times, and it was a prime trade route for many centuries. It passed through the Zoji La pass—3,528 metres (11,575 ft)—over the Great Himalayan range, which is snowbound for half the year.
After the Independence of India, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir started building a motorable road along the route in 1954.[3] The construction was suspended in 1958 after discovery of corruption among the contractors and engineers, and an enquiry was initiated.[3][4] In 1960, the Government of India created the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) to take charge of strategic border roads and it was entrusted with completing the road. Setting up a 'Project Beacon' in Leh, the BRO completed the road by August 1962, and also extended it to Chushul by September 1962, just a few weeks before hostilities were initiated by China.[5]
In addition to the Zoji La pass, the highway also had to cross the Ladakh Range between Kargil and Leh, via the Fotu La pass—4,108 metres (13,478 ft)—which is however less snowbound than Zoji La.
A segment of the highway came under attack by Pakistani intruders between Drass and Kargil in 1999, who occupied the mountain tops on the Indian side of the Line of Control and shelled the highway. This led to the Kargil War, which ended by the Indian Army eventually evicting the intruders.
Route description[edit | edit source]
NH 1 passes from Uri to Baramulla, Srinagar, Sonamarg, Zoji La, Dras, Kargil and Leh. The route passes through high mountain passes and most of the road clings to mountainsides. The NH is the lifeline of the Ladakh region. An alternative route, the Leh-Manali Highway, exists but it climbs over even higher mountain passes. NH 1 passes near the India-Pakistan border.
Major intersections[edit | edit source]
Template:Jcttop/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctint/core Template:Jctbtm
Traffic[edit | edit source]
The Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corporation (JKSRTC) operates regular Deluxe and Ordinary bus services between Srinagar and Leh on this route with an overnight halt at Kargil. Taxis (cars and jeeps) are also available at Srinagar for the journey.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "New National Highways notification - GOI" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways" (PDF). New Delhi: Department of Road Transport and Highways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Das 2021, p. 100.
- ↑ Kavic, Lorne J. (2021) [1967], India's Quest for Security: Defence Policies 1947-1965, Univ of California Press, p. 51, ISBN 978-0-520-33159-4
- ↑ Das 2021, pp. 101–102.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Das, Pushpita (2021), India's Approach to Border Management: From Barriers to Bridges (PDF), KW Publishers & Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
External links[edit | edit source]
