Central Armed Police Forces: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Indian national specialized police forces}}
{{short description|Central police forces of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{For|other law enforcement agencies named "armed police"|Armed Police (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname        = Central Armed Police Forces
| agencyname        = Central Armed Police Forces
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| employees        =  
| employees        =  
| volunteers        =  
| volunteers        =  
| budget            = {{INRConvert|92000|c}} <small>(2020–2021)</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=MHA gets 1.67 lakh crore;emphasis on police,census |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/mha-gets-rs-167-lakh-crore-emphasis-on-police-census/1723700}}</ref>
| budget            = {{INRConvert|102686|c|lk=on}} <small>(2022–23)</small><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bureau|first=The Hindu|date=2022-02-01|title=Union Budget 2022 {{!}} ₹1.85 lakh crore allocation to MHA; CAPF, police get funds for modernisation|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/185-lakh-crore-allocation-to-mha-in-budget/article38358957.ece|access-date=2022-02-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| nongovernment    =  
| nongovernment    =  
| country          = India
| country          = India
Line 49: Line 50:
| minister1name    = [[Amit Shah]]
| minister1name    = [[Amit Shah]]
| minister1pfo      = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Minister]]
| minister1pfo      = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Minister]]
| chief1name        = CAPF Cadre Officers
| chief1name        =  
| chief1position    =  
| chief1position    =  
| parentagency      = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
| parentagency      = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
| child1agency      = [[Border Security Force|BSF]]
| child1agency      = [[File:Assam Rifles LOGO.svg|25px]] [[Assam Rifles|AR]]
| child2agency      = [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]]
| child2agency      = [[File:BSF Insignia.svg|25px]] [[Border Security Force|BSF]]
| child3agency      = [[Central Industrial Security Force|CISF]]
| child3agency      = [[File:CISF LOGO.svg|25px]] [[Central Industrial Security Force|CISF]]
| child4agency      = [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police|ITBP]]
| child4agency      = [[File:CRPF Logo.svg|25px]] [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]]
| child5agency     = [[National Security Guard|NSG]]
| child5agency      = [[File:ITBP Logo.svg|25px]] [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police|ITBP]]
| child6agency     = [[Sashastra Seema Bal|SSB]]
| child6agency     = [[File:National Security Guard-India.svg|25px]] [[National Security Guard|NSG]]
| child7agency      = [[Assam Rifles|AR]]
| child7agency     = [[File:Sashastra Seema Bal.svg|25px]] [[Sashastra Seema Bal|SSB]]
| unittype          =  
| unittype          =  
| unitname          =  
| unitname          =  
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| anniversary1      =  
| anniversary1      =  
| award1            =  
| award1            =  
| website          = {{URL|http://capf.gov.in| Official Website}}
| website          = {{URL|https://www.mha.gov.in/about-us/central-armed-police-forces}}
| footnotes        =  
| footnotes        =  
| reference        =  
| reference        =  
}}
}}
'''Central Armed Police Forces''' ('''CAPF''') is the collective name of [[Federal police|central police]] organisations in India under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] (MHA).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Government of India |first1=Ministry of Home Affairs |title=Office Memorandum |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/OM2-020513.pdf |website=mha.gov.in |publisher=Director (Personnel), MHA |access-date=19 September 2020 |pages=1 |date=18 March 2011}}</ref> These are technically [[paramilitary]] forces formerly known as Central Para-Military Forces (CPMF). Since 2011, India adopted the term "central armed police forces" to drop the word "paramilitary". These forces are responsible for [[internal security]] and guarding the borders.<ref name="Telegraph"/>


[[File:Indian BSF Soldier.jpg|thumb|A member of India's [[Border Security Force]] in ceremonial attire|271x271px]]
CAPF is further classified into three: Border Guarding Forces—[[Assam Rifles]] (AR), [[Border Security Force]] (BSF), [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP), and [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (SSB); Forces for Internal Security—[[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF) and [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF); and Special Task Force—[[National Security Guard]] (NSG).<ref name=RajyaSabha>{{cite book |author=Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs |title=Working conditions in Border Guarding Forces (Assam Rifles, Sashastra Seema Bal, Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Border Security Force) |date=12 December 2018 |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] |page=1 |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/15/107/214_2019_11_11.pdf |access-date=18 August 2022 |format=Pdf}}</ref>


"'''Central Armed Police Forces'''" ('''CAPF''') refers to uniform nomenclature of five Armed forces<ref>{{Cite web|last=ITBP|title=Armed Force of the Union|url=https://itbpolice.nic.in/somepdfs/itbp_act_rules.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BSF Act And Rule|url=https://bsf.gov.in/ActAndRule?LangId=dHJ1ZQ==|access-date=2021-06-29|website=bsf.gov.in}}</ref> of the Union of [[India]] under the authority of the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. Their role is to defend the national interest mainly against the internal threats. They are the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF), [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF), [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF), [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP) and the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (SSB).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Government of India |first1=Ministry of Home Affairs |title=Office Memorandum |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/OM2-020513.pdf |website=mha.gov.in |publisher=Director (Personnel), MHA |access-date=19 September 2020 |pages=1 |date=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Government of India |first1=Ministry of Home Affairs |title=Office Memorandum |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/OM1-020513.pdf |website=mha.gov.in |publisher=Director (Personnel), MHA |access-date=19 September 2020 |date=23 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Online |first1=The Telegraph |title=For the paramilitary, all's in a new name |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/for-the-paramilitary-all-s-in-a-new-name/cid/415027 |website=telegraphindia.com |publisher=The Telegraph |access-date=19 September 2020 |date=26 March 2011}}</ref>
==History==
CAPF were formerly known as Central Para-Military Forces (CPMF), also various referred by Central Police Organisations (CPOs), Para-Military Forces (PMF) and Central Police Forces (CPF) interchangeably. In 2011, the [[Government of India]] released a circular adopting a uniform nomenclature to change the name of the forces to Central Armed Police Forces under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. Initially, only five forces—BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP and SSB were covered under the new nomenclature, since AR was under the operational control of the Indian Army and NSG personnel were completely deputed from the Indian Army and other CAPFs. The name change was made for political reasons, to improve the international impression of the force, since in some countries the paramilitary refers to militant groups.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web |last1=Online |first1=The Telegraph |title=For the paramilitary, all's in a new name |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/for-the-paramilitary-all-s-in-a-new-name/cid/415027 |website=telegraphindia.com |publisher=The Telegraph |access-date=19 September 2020 |date=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Government of India |first1=Ministry of Home Affairs |title=Office Memorandum |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/OM1-020513.pdf |website=mha.gov.in |publisher=Director (Personnel), MHA |access-date=19 September 2020 |date=23 November 2011}}</ref>


== Organisation and leadership ==
Currently, all the seven forces are listed under the CAPF definition by the Ministry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Central Armed Police Forces {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/about-us/central-armed-police-forces |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=19 August 2022}}</ref>
Central Armed Police Forces are organised with the primary role of border guarding for BSF, ITBP, SSB; Security of sensitive establishments by CISF, Assisting Police to tackle Law & Order, Counter-Terrorist Operations, Counter Naxal Operations by CRPF, [[National Security Guard|NSG]]. Apart from the primary role, all CAPFs are involved in assisting Police in Law & Order situations and also Army in Counter-Terrorist Operations. BSF & CRPF have assisted the army during external aggression in the past. CAPFs work along with both [[Indian Army|Army]] & Police in different roles assigned to them.


Central Armed Police Forces personnel also serve in various important organisations such as [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW), [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG), [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]  (IB), [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF), [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] (NCB) State Armed Police Force (Jharkhand Jaguars, [[Bihar Military Police]], UP/MP STF, DRG, IRB, Chattishgarh Armed Police etc.) on deputation and have attachment/training in various levels/formations/courses along with the [[Indian Army]]. Their role and performance, therefore, assumes a great significance due to the special features of an emergency force which is pressed in aid to the civil power to perform multiple roles in extremely difficult situations.
== Role ==
Central Armed Police Forces are organised with the primary role of border guarding for AR, BSF, ITBP, SSB; Security of sensitive establishments by CISF, Assisting Police to tackle Law & Order, Counter-Terrorist Operations, Counter Naxal Operations by CRPF, [[National Security Guard|NSG]]. Apart from the primary role, all CAPFs are involved in assisting Police in Law & Order situations and also Army in Counter-Terrorist Operations. BSF & CRPF have assisted the army during external aggression in the past. CAPFs work along with both [[Indian Army]] & Police in different roles assigned to them.


== Organized Group ‘A’ Service (OGAS) to Group ‘A’ Executive Cadre Officers ==
Central Armed Police Forces personnel also serve in various important organisations such as [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW), [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG), [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB), [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF), [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] (NCB) State Armed Police Force (Jharkhand Jaguars, [[Bihar Military Police]], UP/MP STF, DRG, IRB, Chattishgarh Armed Police etc.) on deputation and have attachment/training in various levels/formations/courses along with the [[Indian Army]]. Their role and performance, therefore, assumes a great significance due to the special features of an emergency force which is pressed in aid to the civil power to perform multiple roles in extremely difficult situations.
===Supreme Court Ruling===
On 5 February 2019, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] of India ruled<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-upholds-hc-order-on-nffu-for-capf-officers-5571027/</ref><ref>https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2013/7829/7829_2013_Judgement_05-Feb-2019.pdf</ref> that all CAPFs would be granted better pay benefits or Non-Functional Financial Upgradation (NFFU),<ref>https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/14017_47_2011-Estt.RR-01082012.pdf</ref> and the status of Organised Group ‘A’ Services (OGAS), ending a nearly decade-long battle for the central armed police. In a landmark judgment by [[Rohinton Fali Nariman|Justices Rohinton Fali Nariman]] and M R Shah, the court said the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Armed_Police_Forces&action=edit&section=6 CAPF] officers–from BSF, CRPF, SSB, ITBP, and CISF– will now be granted the NFFU and will be considered as organized Group A Central Services. [[Assam Rifles]] Cadre officers are not covered under this as they do not come under categorisation of CAPFs.


===Approval By Cabinet===
==Organisations==
In July 2019, [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet]] granted<ref>https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1576843</ref><ref>https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/centre-gives-nods-to-grant-ogas-status-to-group-a-executive-cadre-officers-119070301021_1.html</ref> Organised Group 'A' Service (OGAS) status to Group 'A' executive cadre officers of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). It also extended the benefit of Non-Functional Financial Up-gradation(NFFU) and Non-Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) to the executive cadre officers at an enhanced rate of 30%.
===Assam Rifles===
The [[Assam Rifles]] is a [[Law enforcement agency|central police]] and [[paramilitary]] organisation responsible for [[border security]], [[counter-insurgency]], and [[rule of law|law and order]] in [[Northeast India]]. Its primary role is to guard the 1,643 kilometre long [[Indo-Myanmar border]]. The AR comes under the administration of the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] (MHA), while its operational control is maintained by the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=ANI |title=MHA to explain functioning of Assam Rifles in northeastern states before Parliamentary panel |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/mha-to-explain-functioning-of-assam-rifles-in-northeastern-states-before-parliamentary-panel20220525105037/#:~:text=Assam%20Rifles%20is%20the%20only,Ministry%20of%20Defence%20(MoD). |access-date=19 August 2022 |work=[[ANI News]] |date=25 May 2022}}</ref> It is the oldest paramilitary force in India.


== Recruitment, ranks and structure ==
=== Border Security Force (BSF) ===
Recruitment of candidates to the CAPFs may be conducted by the [[Union Public Service Commission]], the [[Staff Selection Commission]], or the respective service HQs depending on the post to be filled. There are three possible pathways for recruitment to the CAPFs:
[[File:Indian BSF Soldier.jpg|thumb|A member of India's [[Border Security Force]] in ceremonial attire|271x271px]]
The primary role of the [[Border Security Force]] is to guard the [[India–Pakistan border|Indo-Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh–India border|Indo-Bangladesh]] borders, it is deployed both on the international border and the [[Line of Control|LOC]]. The BSF also has active roles during times of war. It has 292,000 personnel in 192 battalions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bsf.nic.in/en/air-wing.html|title=Border Security Force|website=bsf.nic.in|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820142102/http://www.bsf.nic.in/en/air-wing.html|archive-date=20 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 1, 2 and 7 battalion of [[National Disaster Response Force|NDRF]] are requisitioned from [[Border Security Force|BSF.]] It is also known for being the largest dedicated border guarding force in the world.


===Gazetted officers===
=== Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) ===
Officers in CAPFs are recruited through the Central Armed Police Forces (Assistant Commandants) Examination conducted by UPSC. They are appointed as Assistant Commandants and are Gazetted Officers generally referred to as DAGOs (Directly Appointed Gazetted Officers) in CRPF, AC (Direct Entry) in BSF. DEGOs (Departmental Entry Gazetted Officers) are those officers who have been promoted through departmental exams conducted internally for Subordinate Officers. They are known as encounter specialists among police forces of India.
One of the largest industrial security forces in the world, the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] provides security to various [[List of public sector undertakings in India|Public Sector Undertakings]] (PSUs) and other critical infrastructure installations, [[List of airports in India|major airports]] across the country and provides security during [[Elections in India|elections]] and other [[internal security]] duties and [[Very important person|VVIP]] protection. It has a total strength of about 144,418 personnel in 132 battalions<ref name=":0" /> including 9 reserve battalions.


{| class="wikitable"
=== Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) ===
|-
The [[Central Reserve Police Force]] is the largest of the Central Armed Police Forces units with 313,678 personnel in 247 battalions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf|title=MHA Annual Report 2016-2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200948/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Central Reserve Police includes:
!''' CAPFs ranks '''!! Police ranks !! Army ranks !! Navy ranks !! Air Force ranks !! Coast Guard ranks
*The [[Rapid Action Force]] (RAF), a 15 battalion anti-riot force trained to respond to sectarian violence.
|-
*The [[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action]] (COBRA), a 10 battalion strong anti-[[Naxalite]]/[[Counter-insurgency|COIN]] force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/COBRA-to-sting-Naxal-virus-new-force-gets-Centre-nod/354579/ |title=COBRA to sting Naxal virus: new force gets Centre nod |publisher=Financial Express |date=2008-08-29 |access-date=2014-02-26}}</ref>
| [[Director General]] (Apex Scale)|| [[Director General]] of State Police Force. ||[[Lieutenant General]]||[[Vice Admiral]]||[[Air Marshal]]||[[Director General]]
|-
| [[Additional Director General]] (ADG) || [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General]] (ADG) ||[[Lieutenant General]]  || [[Vice Admiral]]  || [[Air Marshal]]  || [[Additional Director General]]
|-
| [[Inspector General]] (IG) || [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector General]](IG) ||[[Major General]] || [[Rear Admiral]] || [[Air Vice Marshal]] || [[Inspector General]]
|-
| [[Deputy Inspector General]] (DIG) || [[Deputy Inspector General]] (DIG) ||[[Brigadier]] || [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]  || [[Air commodore]] || [[Deputy Inspector General]]
|-
| [[Commandant]]|| [[Superintendent (police)|Senior Superintendent of Police]](SSP) ||[[Colonel]] || [[Captain]]  || [[Group Captain]] || [[commandant]]
|-
| [[Second-in-Command]] || [[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]]/[[Superintendent of Police]] (SP) ||[[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]]||[[Commander]]||[[Wing commander|Wing Commander]]||[[commandant]] (Jr grade).


|-
=== Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) ===
| [[Deputy Commandant]]||[[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|DCP/Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police]]/Additional Superintendent of Police (ASP)||[[Major]] || [[Lieutenant Commander]] || [[Squadron Leader]] || [[Deputy Commandant]]
The [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] is deployed for guarding duties on the [[China–India border|Indo-China border]] from [[Karakoram Pass]] in [[Ladakh]] to [[Diphu Pass]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] covering a total distance of 3,488&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=16 |title=Indo-Tibetan Border Police |publisher=Archive.india.gov.in|access-date=2014-02-09}}</ref> It has 89,432 personnel in 56 fighting battalions, 2 DM and 4 specialised battalions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html|title=Home {{!}} Indo Tibetan Border Police, Ministry of Home Affairs|website=itbpolice.nic.in|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
| [[Assistant Commandant|Assistant Commandant/Assistant Commandant]]([[Officer Trainee]])


|| [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)]] / [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)]]||[[Captain]]/[[Lieutenant]]||[[Lieutenant]]/[[Sub Lieutenant]] || [[Flying Lieutenant]]/[[Flying Officer]] || [[Assistant Commandant]]
===National Security Guard===
|-
The [[National Security Guard]] (NSG), commonly known as Black Cats, is a [[counter-terrorism]] unit under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was founded on 16 October 1984 under the National Security Guard Act, 1986. All personnel are deputed from other CAPFs and the Indian Army.
|}


===Subordinate officers===
=== Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) ===
Sub Inspectors are recruited through competitive examination conducted by Staff Selection Commission and they are referred to as DASOs (Directly Appointed Subordinate Officers). DESOs (Departmental Entry Subordinate Officers) are those officers who have been promoted through departmental exams conducted internally for Constables, Head Constables, and Assistant Sub Inspectors.
The objective of the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (English: ''Armed Border Force'') is to guard the [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal]] and [[Bhutan–India border|Indo-Bhutan]] borders. It has 76,337 personnel and 73 battalions, as well as some reserved battalions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egov.eletsonline.com/2013/03/guarding-the-nations-frontiers/ |title=Guarding the Nation's Frontiers &#124; eGov Magazine |publisher=Egov.eletsonline.com |date=2013-03-06 |access-date=2014-01-05}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=37&lev=2&lid=9&langid=1&Cid=0|title=Force Profile- SSB Ministry Of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India|website=ssb.nic.in|access-date=2017-08-12}}</ref>


===Constables===
== Personnel ==
Constables are recruited through a competitive examination conducted by [[Staff Selection Commission]].
On 5 February 2019, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] of India ruled that five CAPFs would be granted Non-Functional Financial Upgradation (NFFU),<ref>https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/14017_47_2011-Estt.RR-01082012.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> and the status of Organised Group ‘A’ Services (OGAS), ending a nearly decade-long battle for the central armed police. In the judgment by [[Rohinton Fali Nariman]] and M. R. Shah, the court said that officers from BSF, CRPF, SSB, ITBP, and CISF should be granted the NFFU and will be considered as Organised Group A Central Services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-upholds-hc-order-on-nffu-for-capf-officers-5571027/|title = Give paramilitary officers higher grade salary if you can't promote them when eligible: SC to Govt|date = 6 February 2019}}</ref><ref>https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2013/7829/7829_2013_Judgement_05-Feb-2019.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>


Apart from the above modes, CAPFs conduct recruitment for specialized posts such as Engineers, Doctors, etc. among DAGOs and Wireless operators, Technicians, Nursing Staff, etc. among subordinate officers and constables directly under their own authority([[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|MoHF]]).
In July 2019, the [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet]] granted<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1576843|title = Cabinet approves proposal for Grant of Organized Group 'A' Service (OGAS) to Group 'A' Executive Cadre Officers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/centre-gives-nods-to-grant-ogas-status-to-group-a-executive-cadre-officers-119070301021_1.html|title=Centre gives nods to grant OGAS status to Group 'A' Executive Cadre Officers|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=3 July 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref> Organised Group 'A' Service (OGAS) status to Group 'A' executive cadre officers of five Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). It also extended the benefit of Non-Functional Financial Up-gradation(NFFU) and Non-Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) to the executive cadre officers at an enhanced rate of 30%.


[[File:Ranks of Gazetted Officers in CAPF.jpg|thumb|Ranks and Insignia|alt=|center|720x720px]]
===Rank structure===
;Officers
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (Assam Rifles)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (BSF)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (CISF)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (CRPF)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (NSG)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (Sashastra Seema Bal)}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan=1| '''Police equivalent'''
| colspan=4|
| style="vertical-align:top;" colspan=2 rowspan=1 |
{| style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"
| Director General
| Director General
| Additional<br />Director General
|}
| colspan=2| Inspector General
| colspan=2| Deputy Inspector General
| colspan=2| Senior Superintendent
| colspan=2| Superintendent
| colspan=2| Additional Superintendent
| colspan=2| Deputy Superintendent
| colspan=6| ACP/ASP
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}


==Women in the Central Armed Police Forces==
;Enlisted ranks
Initially, women were not recruited for the Central Armed Police Forces. In 1992, [[Asha Sinha]] created history by being the first Woman Commandant of any of the Central Armed Forces in India when she was selected as Commandant, [[Central Industrial Security Force]], for [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited]]. Earlier the role of Women was allowed but limited to supervisory roles in the Central Armed Police Forces.<ref name="ET">{{cite news |title=Government allows women to be combat officers in all Central Armed Police Forces |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/government-allows-women-to-be-combat-officers-in-all-central-armed-police-forces/articleshow/51380021.cms |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> The [[Parliamentary Committees of India]] for women's empowerment recommended greater roles for women in the CAPF. On these recommendations, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] declared reservation for women in constabulary in paramilitary forces, and later declared that they can also be inducted as officers in combat roles in all five Central Armed Police Forces.<ref name="ET"/> The Union Home Minister announced that women's representation in the CRPF and CISF would be made 15 percent while it would be 5 percent in the BSF, ITBP and SSB.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women quota in CRPF, CISF to be made 15 percent |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/women-quota-in-crpf-cisf-to-be-made-15-per-cent/cid/1681181 |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> On 5 January 2016, it was decided that 33 percent of posts at the constabulary level would be reserved for women in the CRPF and the CISF to begin with, and 14-15 percent of posts at the constable level in the BSF, SSB and ITBP in a phased manner, [[Kiren Rijiju]] said. In 2016, an IPS Officer Archana Ramasundaram of 1980 Batch rewrote history when she became the first woman to become the [[Director General of Police]] of a Paramilitary Force as DG, [[Sashastra Seema Bal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Selvaraj |first1=A. |title=Archana Ramasundram becomes first woman to head paramilitary forces {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Archana-Ramasundram-becomes-first-woman-to-head-paramilitary-forces/articleshow/50811752.cms |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |language=en}}</ref>
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (Assam Rifles)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (BSF)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (CISF)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (CRPF)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (NSG)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (Sashastra Seema Bal)}}
|}


== Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) ==
===Recruitment===
The [[Central Reserve Police Force]] is the largest of the Central Armed Police Forces units with 313,678 personnel in 245 battalions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf|title=MHA Annual Report 2016-2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200948/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Central Reserve Police includes:
Recruitment of candidates to the CAPFs may be conducted by the [[Union Public Service Commission]], the [[Staff Selection Commission]], or the respective service HQs depending on the post to be filled.
*The [[Rapid Action Force]] (RAF), a 15 battalion anti-riot force trained to respond to sectarian violence.
*The [[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action]] (COBRA), a 10 battalion strong anti-[[Naxalite]]/[[Counter-insurgency|COIN]] force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/COBRA-to-sting-Naxal-virus-new-force-gets-Centre-nod/354579/ |title=COBRA to sting Naxal virus: new force gets Centre nod |publisher=Financial Express |date=2008-08-29 |access-date=2014-02-26}}</ref>


== Border Security Force (BSF) ==
The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] and the [[Staff Selection Commission]] of the [[Union Government of India]] allowed the recruitment examination of the CAPF be conducted in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, [[Malayalam]], [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]), [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], Telugu, Odia, [[Urdu]], Punjabi, and Konkani, 13 of the [[22 official languages of the Indian Republic]], in addition to Hindi & English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri among 13 regional languages approved for CAPF exam |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-among-13-regional-languages-approved-for-capf-exam |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-15 |title=CAPF Recruitment Examination In Assamese, Manipuri, Bengali, Odia & Other Regional Languages - NE India Broadcast |url=https://neindiabroadcast.com/2023/04/15/capf-recruitment-examination-in-assamese-manipuri-bengali-odia-other-regional-languages/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Women personnel of India's Border Security Force.jpg|thumb|Women personnel of Indian [[Border Security Force]]]]
The primary role of the [[Border Security Force]] is to guard the [[India–Pakistan border|Indo-Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh–India border|Indo-Bangladesh]] borders, it is deployed both on the international border and the [[Line of Control|LOC]]. The BSF also has active roles during times of war. It has 2,57,363 personnel in 186 battalions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bsf.nic.in/en/air-wing.html|title=Border Security Force|website=bsf.nic.in|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820142102/http://www.bsf.nic.in/en/air-wing.html|archive-date=20 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 1, 2 and 7 battalion of [[National Disaster Response Force|NDRF]] are requisitioned from [[Border Security Force|BSF.]] It also known for being the largest dedicated border guarding force in the world.


== Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) ==
;Officers
One of the largest industrial security forces in the world, the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] provides security to various [[List of public sector undertakings in India|Public Sector Undertakings]] (PSUs) and other critical infrastructure installations, [[List of airports in India|major airports]] across the country and provides security during [[Elections in India|elections]] and other [[internal security]] duties and [[Very important person|VVIP]] protection. It has a total strength of about 1,44,418 personnel in 132 battalions<ref name=":0" /> including 9 reserve battalions.
Officers in CAPFs are recruited through the Central Armed Police Forces (Assistant Commandants) Examination conducted by UPSC. They are appointed as Assistant Commandants and are Gazetted Officers generally referred to as DAGOs (Directly Appointed Gazetted Officers) in CRPF, AC (Direct Entry) in BSF. DEGOs (Departmental Entry Gazetted Officers) are those officers who have been promoted through departmental exams conducted internally for Subordinate Officers. They are known as encounter specialists among police forces of India.


== Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) ==
;Enlisted ranks
The [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] is deployed for guarding duties on the [[China–India border|Indo-China border]] from [[Karakoram Pass]] in [[Ladakh]] to [[Diphu Pass]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] covering a total distance of 3488&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=16 |title=Indo-Tibetan Border Police |publisher=Archive.india.gov.in|access-date=2014-02-09}}</ref> It has 89,432 personnel in 56 fighting, 2 DM and 4 specialised battalions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html|title=Home {{!}} Indo Tibetan Border Police, Ministry of Home Affairs|website=itbpolice.nic.in|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
Sub Inspectors are recruited through competitive examination conducted by Staff Selection Commission and they are referred to as DASOs (Directly Appointed Subordinate Officers). DESOs (Departmental Entry Subordinate Officers) are those officers who have been promoted through departmental exams conducted internally for Constables, Head Constables, and Assistant Sub Inspectors.


== Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) ==
Constables are recruited through a competitive examination conducted by [[Staff Selection Commission]]. Apart from the above modes, CAPFs conduct recruitment for specialized posts such as Engineers, Doctors, etc. among DAGOs and Wireless operators, Technicians, Nursing Staff, etc. among subordinate officers and constables directly under their own authority ([[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|MHA]]).
The objective of the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (English: ''Armed Border Force'') is to guard the [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal]] and [[Bhutan–India border|Indo-Bhutan]] borders. It has 76,337 personnel and 67 battalions, as well as some reserved battalions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egov.eletsonline.com/2013/03/guarding-the-nations-frontiers/ |title=Guarding the Nation's Frontiers &#124; eGov Magazine |publisher=Egov.eletsonline.com |date=2013-03-06 |access-date=2014-01-05}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=37&lev=2&lid=9&langid=1&Cid=0|title=Force Profile-   SSB Ministry Of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India|website=ssb.nic.in|access-date=2017-08-12}}</ref>
 
===Women in CAPF===
Women were not recruited for the Central Armed Police Forces until 1992. Earlier, the role of women was limited to supervisory roles.<ref name="ET">{{cite news |title=Government allows women to be combat officers in all Central Armed Police Forces |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/government-allows-women-to-be-combat-officers-in-all-central-armed-police-forces/articleshow/51380021.cms |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> The [[Parliamentary Committees of India]] for women's empowerment recommended expanding women's roles in CAPF. The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] declared reservation for women in constabulary, and later declared that they can also be inducted as officers in combat roles in five CAPFs.<ref name="ET"/> The Union Home Minister announced that women's representation in the CRPF and CISF would be made 15 percent while it would be 5 percent in the BSF, ITBP and SSB.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women quota in CRPF, CISF to be made 15 percent |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/women-quota-in-crpf-cisf-to-be-made-15-per-cent/cid/1681181 |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, it was decided that 33 percent of posts at the constabulary level would be reserved for women in the CRPF and the CISF, and 14-15 percent of posts at the constable level in the BSF, SSB and ITBP in a phased manner.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Selvaraj |first1=A. |title=Archana Ramasundram becomes first woman to head paramilitary forces   |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Archana-Ramasundram-becomes-first-woman-to-head-paramilitary-forces/articleshow/50811752.cms |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 174: Line 196:
*[[Law enforcement in India]]
*[[Law enforcement in India]]
*[[Indian Armed Forces]]
*[[Indian Armed Forces]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}


==References==
==References==
Line 179: Line 204:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}

Revision as of 14:43, 28 August 2023


For other law enforcement agencies named "armed police", see Armed Police (disambiguation).

Central Armed Police Forces
AbbreviationCAPF
Agency overview
Annual budget₹102,686 crore (US$14 billion) (2022–23)[1]
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agencyIN
Operations jurisdictionIN
Governing bodyMinistry of Home Affairs
General nature
Operational structure
Minister responsible
Parent agencyMinistry of Home Affairs
Child agencies
Website
www.mha.gov.in/about-us/central-armed-police-forces

Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) is the collective name of central police organisations in India under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).[2] These are technically paramilitary forces formerly known as Central Para-Military Forces (CPMF). Since 2011, India adopted the term "central armed police forces" to drop the word "paramilitary". These forces are responsible for internal security and guarding the borders.[3]

CAPF is further classified into three: Border Guarding Forces—Assam Rifles (AR), Border Security Force (BSF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB); Forces for Internal Security—Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) and Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF); and Special Task Force—National Security Guard (NSG).[4]

History

CAPF were formerly known as Central Para-Military Forces (CPMF), also various referred by Central Police Organisations (CPOs), Para-Military Forces (PMF) and Central Police Forces (CPF) interchangeably. In 2011, the Government of India released a circular adopting a uniform nomenclature to change the name of the forces to Central Armed Police Forces under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Initially, only five forces—BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP and SSB were covered under the new nomenclature, since AR was under the operational control of the Indian Army and NSG personnel were completely deputed from the Indian Army and other CAPFs. The name change was made for political reasons, to improve the international impression of the force, since in some countries the paramilitary refers to militant groups.[3][5]

Currently, all the seven forces are listed under the CAPF definition by the Ministry.[6]

Role

Central Armed Police Forces are organised with the primary role of border guarding for AR, BSF, ITBP, SSB; Security of sensitive establishments by CISF, Assisting Police to tackle Law & Order, Counter-Terrorist Operations, Counter Naxal Operations by CRPF, NSG. Apart from the primary role, all CAPFs are involved in assisting Police in Law & Order situations and also Army in Counter-Terrorist Operations. BSF & CRPF have assisted the army during external aggression in the past. CAPFs work along with both Indian Army & Police in different roles assigned to them.

Central Armed Police Forces personnel also serve in various important organisations such as Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) State Armed Police Force (Jharkhand Jaguars, Bihar Military Police, UP/MP STF, DRG, IRB, Chattishgarh Armed Police etc.) on deputation and have attachment/training in various levels/formations/courses along with the Indian Army. Their role and performance, therefore, assumes a great significance due to the special features of an emergency force which is pressed in aid to the civil power to perform multiple roles in extremely difficult situations.

Organisations

Assam Rifles

The Assam Rifles is a central police and paramilitary organisation responsible for border security, counter-insurgency, and law and order in Northeast India. Its primary role is to guard the 1,643 kilometre long Indo-Myanmar border. The AR comes under the administration of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), while its operational control is maintained by the Indian Army.[7] It is the oldest paramilitary force in India.

Border Security Force (BSF)

A member of India's Border Security Force in ceremonial attire

The primary role of the Border Security Force is to guard the Indo-Pakistan and Indo-Bangladesh borders, it is deployed both on the international border and the LOC. The BSF also has active roles during times of war. It has 292,000 personnel in 192 battalions.[8] The 1, 2 and 7 battalion of NDRF are requisitioned from BSF. It is also known for being the largest dedicated border guarding force in the world.

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

One of the largest industrial security forces in the world, the Central Industrial Security Force provides security to various Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and other critical infrastructure installations, major airports across the country and provides security during elections and other internal security duties and VVIP protection. It has a total strength of about 144,418 personnel in 132 battalions[9] including 9 reserve battalions.

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

The Central Reserve Police Force is the largest of the Central Armed Police Forces units with 313,678 personnel in 247 battalions.[9] The Central Reserve Police includes:

Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police is deployed for guarding duties on the Indo-China border from Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Diphu Pass in Arunachal Pradesh covering a total distance of 3,488 km.[11] It has 89,432 personnel in 56 fighting battalions, 2 DM and 4 specialised battalions.[12][9]

National Security Guard

The National Security Guard (NSG), commonly known as Black Cats, is a counter-terrorism unit under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was founded on 16 October 1984 under the National Security Guard Act, 1986. All personnel are deputed from other CAPFs and the Indian Army.

Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

The objective of the Sashastra Seema Bal (English: Armed Border Force) is to guard the Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders. It has 76,337 personnel and 73 battalions, as well as some reserved battalions.[13][9][14]

Personnel

On 5 February 2019, the Supreme Court of India ruled that five CAPFs would be granted Non-Functional Financial Upgradation (NFFU),[15] and the status of Organised Group ‘A’ Services (OGAS), ending a nearly decade-long battle for the central armed police. In the judgment by Rohinton Fali Nariman and M. R. Shah, the court said that officers from BSF, CRPF, SSB, ITBP, and CISF should be granted the NFFU and will be considered as Organised Group A Central Services.[16][17]

In July 2019, the Union Cabinet granted[18][19] Organised Group 'A' Service (OGAS) status to Group 'A' executive cadre officers of five Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). It also extended the benefit of Non-Functional Financial Up-gradation(NFFU) and Non-Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) to the executive cadre officers at an enhanced rate of 30%.

Rank structure

Officers
Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (Assam Rifles)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (BSF)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (CISF)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (CRPF)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (NSG)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (Sashastra Seema Bal)
Equivalent
NATO code		 OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D) and student officer
Police equivalent
Director General Director General Additional
Director General
Inspector General Deputy Inspector General Senior Superintendent Superintendent Additional Superintendent Deputy Superintendent ACP/ASP
Enlisted ranks
Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (Assam Rifles)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (BSF)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (CISF)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (CRPF)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (NSG)Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (Sashastra Seema Bal)
Equivalent
NATO code		 OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1

Recruitment

Recruitment of candidates to the CAPFs may be conducted by the Union Public Service Commission, the Staff Selection Commission, or the respective service HQs depending on the post to be filled.

The Ministry of Home Affairs and the Staff Selection Commission of the Union Government of India allowed the recruitment examination of the CAPF be conducted in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Odia, Urdu, Punjabi, and Konkani, 13 of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic, in addition to Hindi & English.[20][21]

Officers

Officers in CAPFs are recruited through the Central Armed Police Forces (Assistant Commandants) Examination conducted by UPSC. They are appointed as Assistant Commandants and are Gazetted Officers generally referred to as DAGOs (Directly Appointed Gazetted Officers) in CRPF, AC (Direct Entry) in BSF. DEGOs (Departmental Entry Gazetted Officers) are those officers who have been promoted through departmental exams conducted internally for Subordinate Officers. They are known as encounter specialists among police forces of India.

Enlisted ranks

Sub Inspectors are recruited through competitive examination conducted by Staff Selection Commission and they are referred to as DASOs (Directly Appointed Subordinate Officers). DESOs (Departmental Entry Subordinate Officers) are those officers who have been promoted through departmental exams conducted internally for Constables, Head Constables, and Assistant Sub Inspectors.

Constables are recruited through a competitive examination conducted by Staff Selection Commission. Apart from the above modes, CAPFs conduct recruitment for specialized posts such as Engineers, Doctors, etc. among DAGOs and Wireless operators, Technicians, Nursing Staff, etc. among subordinate officers and constables directly under their own authority (MHA).

Women in CAPF

Women were not recruited for the Central Armed Police Forces until 1992. Earlier, the role of women was limited to supervisory roles.[22] The Parliamentary Committees of India for women's empowerment recommended expanding women's roles in CAPF. The Ministry of Home Affairs declared reservation for women in constabulary, and later declared that they can also be inducted as officers in combat roles in five CAPFs.[22] The Union Home Minister announced that women's representation in the CRPF and CISF would be made 15 percent while it would be 5 percent in the BSF, ITBP and SSB.[23] In 2016, it was decided that 33 percent of posts at the constabulary level would be reserved for women in the CRPF and the CISF, and 14-15 percent of posts at the constable level in the BSF, SSB and ITBP in a phased manner.[24]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (1 February 2022). "Union Budget 2022 | ₹1.85 lakh crore allocation to MHA; CAPF, police get funds for modernisation". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 3 February 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  2. ↑ Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs (18 March 2011). "Office Memorandum" (PDF). mha.gov.in. Director (Personnel), MHA. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Online, The Telegraph (26 March 2011). "For the paramilitary, all's in a new name". telegraphindia.com. The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  4. ↑ Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs (12 December 2018). Working conditions in Border Guarding Forces (Assam Rifles, Sashastra Seema Bal, Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Border Security Force) (Pdf). Rajya Sabha. p. 1. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  5. ↑ Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs (23 November 2011). "Office Memorandum" (PDF). mha.gov.in. Director (Personnel), MHA. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  6. ↑ "Central Armed Police Forces | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  7. ↑ ANI (25 May 2022). "MHA to explain functioning of Assam Rifles in northeastern states before Parliamentary panel". ANI News. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Border Security Force". bsf.nic.in. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "MHA Annual Report 2016-2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017.
  10. ↑ "COBRA to sting Naxal virus: new force gets Centre nod". Financial Express. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "Indo-Tibetan Border Police". Archive.india.gov.in. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  12. ↑ "Home | Indo Tibetan Border Police, Ministry of Home Affairs". itbpolice.nic.in. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  13. ↑ "Guarding the Nation's Frontiers | eGov Magazine". Egov.eletsonline.com. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  14. ↑ "Force Profile- SSB Ministry Of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India". ssb.nic.in. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  15. ↑ https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/14017_47_2011-Estt.RR-01082012.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
  16. ↑ "Give paramilitary officers higher grade salary if you can't promote them when eligible: SC to Govt". 6 February 2019.
  17. ↑ https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2013/7829/7829_2013_Judgement_05-Feb-2019.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
  18. ↑ "Cabinet approves proposal for Grant of Organized Group 'A' Service (OGAS) to Group 'A' Executive Cadre Officers".
  19. ↑ "Centre gives nods to grant OGAS status to Group 'A' Executive Cadre Officers". Business Standard India. 3 July 2019 – via Business Standard.
  20. ↑ "Manipuri among 13 regional languages approved for CAPF exam". Imphal Free Press. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  21. ↑ "CAPF Recruitment Examination In Assamese, Manipuri, Bengali, Odia & Other Regional Languages - NE India Broadcast". 15 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Government allows women to be combat officers in all Central Armed Police Forces". The Economic Times. 11 July 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  23. ↑ "Women quota in CRPF, CISF to be made 15 percent". telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  24. ↑ Selvaraj, A. "Archana Ramasundram becomes first woman to head paramilitary forces". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

External links

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