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{{About|the municipality|the district|Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh|parliamentary constituency|Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|state constituency|Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency)}}
{{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh, India|}}
 
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
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<!--See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details-->
<!--See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details-->
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Ghaziabad
| name                     = Ghaziabad
| native_name                    = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| settlement_type          = City
| native_name_lang                =  
| image_skyline            = {{multiple image
| settlement_type                = [[Metropolis]]
| border                  = infobox
| image_skyline                   = {{photomontage
| total_width              = 250
| photo1a = Indirapuram.jpg
| image_style              =  
| photo2a = New Academic Block & Library, IMT Ghaziabad.jpg
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/1
| photo2b = Shipra Mall, Ghaziabad.jpg
| image1= Indirapuram.jpg
| photo3b = Clock House.jpg
| image2 = New Academic Block & Library, IMT Ghaziabad.jpg
| photo3a = Kaushambi.jpg
| image3 = Kaushambi.jpg
| photo4a = Hindon Airport.jpg
| image5 = Clock House.jpg
|size = 275 |border=0 |spacing=1 |color=none
| image4 = Shipra Mall, Ghaziabad.jpg
| image6 = Hindon Airport.jpg
}}
}}
| image_size                     =  
| image_size               =  
| image_alt                       =  
| image_alt               =  
| image_caption                   = Clockwise from Top:<br />[[Indirapuram]] Skyline, Shipra Mall, Clock House, [[Hindon Airport]], [[Kaushambi, Ghaziabad|Kaushambi]] Skyline and [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]]
| image_caption           = Clockwise from Top:<br />[[Indirapuram]] Skyline, Shipra Mall, Clock House, [[Hindon Airport]], [[Kaushambi, Ghaziabad|Kaushambi]] Skyline and [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]]
| nickname                       = Gateway of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| nickname                 = Gateway of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| image_map                       =  
| image_map               =  
| map_alt                         =  
| map_alt                 =  
| map_caption                     =  
| map_caption             =  
| pushpin_map                     = India#India Uttar Pradesh#Asia
| pushpin_map             = India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position         =  
| pushpin_label_position   =  
| pushpin_map_alt                 = Map of Ghaziabad
| pushpin_map_alt         = Map of Ghaziabad
| pushpin_map_caption             =  
| pushpin_map_caption     =  
| coordinates                     = {{coord|28.67|N|77.42|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates             = {{coord|28.67|N|77.42|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = [[Country]]
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name               = [[India]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[List of states and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Ghaziabad District, India|Ghaziabad]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flagicon image|..Uttar Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| established_title               = <!-- Established -->
| subdivision_name2       = [[Meerut Division|Meerut]]
| established_date               = 1740
| subdivision_name3        = [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]]
| founder                         = Wazir Ghazi-ud-Din
| established_title       =  
| named_for                       =  
| established_date         =  
| government_type                 =  
| founder                 =  
| governing_body                 = Municipal Corporation
| named_for               =  
| leader_title                   = Mayor, Municipal Commissioner
| government_type         = [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_name                     = Asha Sharma ([[BJP]]), Dinesh Chandra
| governing_body           = [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| area_footnotes                 = <ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'>{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Information|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html}}</ref>
| leader_name             = Sunita Dayal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| area_total_km2                 = 210
| leader_title1            = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| elevation_footnotes             =  
| leader_name1            = Nitin Gaur, IAS<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/in-a-reshuffle-before-civic-polls-gmc-gets-new-commissioner/articleshow/94314521.cms|title=In a reshuffle before civic polls, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation|work=The Times of India|accessdate=20 September 2022}}</ref>
| elevation_m                     = 214
| unit_pref               = Metric
| population_total               = 1,729,000
| area_footnotes           = <ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'>{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Information|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html}}</ref>
| population_as_of               = 2011 census provisional data
| area_total_km2           = 210
| population_footnotes           = <ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/>
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| population_density_km2         = auto
| elevation_m             =  
| population_rank                 =  
| population_total         = 1,729,000
| population_demonym             = Ghaziabadi
| population_as_of         = 2011
| demographics_type1             = Languages
| population_footnotes     = <ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/>
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| population_density_km2   = auto
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_rank         =  
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| population_demonym       = Ghaziabadi
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| demographics_type1       = Languages
| postal_code                     = 201 XXX
| demographics1_title1     = Official
| area_code                       = 91-120
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| area_code_type                 = [[Telephone code]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| registration_plate             = UP-14
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| website                         = {{URL|http://ghaziabad.nic.in/}}
| postal_code             = 201 XXX
| footnotes                       =  
| area_code               = 91-120
| demographics1_info1             = [[Hindi]]
| area_code_type           = [[Telephone code]]
| official_name                   =  
| registration_plate       = UP-14
| website                 = {{URL|http://ghaziabad.nic.in/}}
| footnotes               =  
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi]]
| official_name           =  
}}
}}


'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA-hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪}}) is a city in the [[India]]n state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[New Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref>
'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA-hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪}}) is a city in the Indian state <ref>{{Cite web |last=CareersHelp |date=2022-03-29 |title=Slums Problems 2022 - A Reality Of India Slums Problems And Solutions |url=https://careers.help/slums-problems/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Careers Help - More Than Just Career Help |language=en-US}}</ref> of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref>
 
It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[New Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-29 |title=Ghaziabad slum dwellers clash with authorities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ghaziabad-slum-dwellers-clash-with-authorities/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Sad State Of Ghaziabad Slums, People Deprived of Basic Amenities |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENpZ_hrUgWg |language=en |access-date=2022-11-19}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Delhi Gate Ghaziabad.jpg|thumb|left|Delhi Gate, Ghaziabad]]
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a [[Vizier|wazir]] in the court of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.<ref>Anu Kapur, In 1864, with the advent of the railways, the name was shortened to Ghaziabad for administrative purposes p. 83-85, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&dq=ghaziuddinnagar&pg=PT83 Mapping Place Names of India]</ref> The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|title=history1|publisher=nagarnigamghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=7 March 2005 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|website=ghaziabad.nic.in|publisher=District Administration, Ghaziabad|access-date=5 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161131/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the [[Hindon River|Hindon]] in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Debashish|title=Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|agency=The Hindu|date=14 August 2011|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a [[Vizier|wazir]] in the court of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.<ref>Anu Kapur, p. 83-85, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT83&dq=ghaziuddinnagar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBgcHztcPiAhUIVH0KHZIrBSIQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=ghaziuddinnagar&f=false Mapping Place Names of India]</ref> The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|title=history1|publisher=nagarnigamghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=7 March 2005 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|website=ghaziabad.nic.in|publisher=District Administration, Ghaziabad|access-date=5 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161131/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the [[Hindon River|Hindon]] in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Debashish|title=Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|agency=The Hindu|date=14 August 2011|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>


Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Azimabadi|first1=Badr|title=Great Personalities in Islam|date=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers|location=Daryaganj, Delhi|page=218|isbn=9788174351227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&pg=PP5}}</ref> The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]], connecting [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]], up till [[Ambala]] through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> With the completion of the [[Amritsar]]-[[Saharanpur]]-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, [[Delhi]] was connected to [[Multan]] through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref>
Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Azimabadi|first1=Badr|title=Great Personalities in Islam|date=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers|location=Daryaganj, Delhi|page=218|isbn=9788174351227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&pg=PP5}}</ref> The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]], connecting [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]], up until [[Ambala]] through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> With the completion of the [[Amritsar]]-[[Saharanpur]]-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, [[Delhi]] was connected to [[Multan]] through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref>


Ghaziabad, along with [[Meerut]] and [[Bulandshahr]], remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA200 |title=Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books |date=8 June 2007 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>
Ghaziabad, along with [[Meerut]] and [[Bulandshahr]], remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA200 |title=Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books |date=8 June 2007 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>
Line 83: Line 88:
Ghaziabad was associated with the [[Indian independence movement]] from the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com"/>
Ghaziabad was associated with the [[Indian independence movement]] from the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com"/>


===Industrial growth===
== Economy ==
[[File:Crossing Republik Ghaziabad (NH 24).jpg|left|thumb|Residential apartments near [[Vaishali metro station]], Ghaziabad]]
[[File:MAIT Administrative Block.JPG|left|thumb|MAIT Administrative Block in Ghaziabad.]]
Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=30, 92, 98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC}}</ref> John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at [[Rawalpindi]] was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=172}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Mohan Meakin]] breweries were also set up in the year 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohanmeakin.com/index.php |title=Mohan Meakin Group |publisher=Mohanmeakin.com |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=92}}</ref>
Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=30, 92, 98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC}}</ref> John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at [[Rawalpindi]] was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=172}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Mohan Meakin]] breweries were also set up in the year 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohanmeakin.com/index.php |title=Mohan Meakin Group |publisher=Mohanmeakin.com |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|page=92}}</ref>


In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Central Electronics Limited]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=97, 98}}</ref> Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=124, 93, 11, 39, 69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC&pg=PA1}}</ref>
In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the [[Electronics industry]], with the setting up of [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Central Electronics Limited]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=97, 98}}</ref> Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saxena|first1=Aruna|title=Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|date=1989|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170222508|pages=124, 93, 11, 39, 69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC&pg=PA1}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==


===Population===
===Population===
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 93.81%.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 July 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233834/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 2 April 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of Empowered Committee |url=http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930090010/http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |url-status = dead|archive-date=30 September 2011 |work=Minutes of the Meeting Report |publisher=Government of India |access-date=18 March 2013 }}</ref> It is the second largest industrial city in [[Uttar Pradesh]] after [[Kanpur]].<ref name="ghaziabad1">{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |title=district and session court-ghaziabad |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214015019/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |archive-date=14 February 2014 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 93.81%.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 July 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233834/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 2 April 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of Empowered Committee |url=http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930090010/http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf |url-status = dead|archive-date=30 September 2011 |work=Minutes of the Meeting Report |publisher=Government of India |access-date=18 March 2013 }}</ref> It is the second largest industrial city in [[Uttar Pradesh]] after [[Kanpur]].<ref name="ghaziabad1">{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |title=district and session court-ghaziabad |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214015019/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html |archive-date=14 February 2014 |url-status = dead}}</ref> Brahmin constitutes more than 6 lakh population becoming the single largest community of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-11 |title=Caste will play role in casting votes in Ghaziabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-caste-will-play-role-in-casting-votes-in-ghaziabad/story-zDcPS6zS6jyHHJH34Mme1K.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
 
===Religion===
 
Hinduism is the most popular religion in Ghaziabad with 72.93% followers, followed by 25.35% Muslim followers, 0.41 Christian followers, and 0.49% Sikh followers who make up the smallest percentage of followers in the city. There are around 0.07 Buddhists, 0.35% Jain followers who are minorities. There are many religious sites in Ghaziabad such as the ISKCON Temple for Hindus, Jama Masjid for Muslims, Holy Trinity Church for Christians, and Shri Guru Singh Sabha Gurudwara for Sikhs.
 
==Climate==
As it is connected to the national capital, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. [[Rajasthan]]'s dust storms and snowfall in the [[Himalayas]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] hills name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the district at the end of June or the first week of July and normally it rains until October.
As in other districts of northern India mainly three seasons - summer, winter and rainy - prevail here, but sometimes due to severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills, adverse weather can also be seen.
Due to a number of construction and highway projects causing cutting down hundreds of old trees rapidly, the pollution and rising temperature issues have increased significantly.


== Government and politics ==
== Government and politics ==
Ghaziabad city is governed by the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation under the [http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act], 1959.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/223280}}</ref>  Ghaziabad city is spread over 210 sq. km of municipal area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad City|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It upgraded from a [[Municipal Board]] to a [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]] on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.<ref name=":1" /> Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0" /> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.<ref name="Ghaziabad Official Information" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parshad List|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/parshad-list.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> The local elections to all wards was last held in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2017-11-25|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam Polls 2017: Ward-Wise Candidate and Municipal Corporation Details of Ghaziabad, UP|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/ghaziabad-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-ward-wise-candidate-and-municipal-corporation-details-of-ghaziabad-up-2675838/|access-date=2020-08-26|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> The executive head is Dinesh Chandra, the current [[Municipal commissioner|Municipal Commissioner]]<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Feb 18|first1=Abhijay Jha / TNN /|last2=2019|last3=Ist|first3=21:45|title=GMC: Dinesh Chandra is GMC's new municipal commissioner {{!}} Ghaziabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/dinesh-chandra-is-gmcs-new-municipal-commissioner/articleshow/68053163.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> while the elected head is the [[Mayor]], Asha Sharma from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dec 12|first1=Ayaskant Das / TNN / Updated|last2=2017|last3=Ist|first3=19:14|title=BJP leader Asha Sharma sworn in as new Ghaziabad mayor {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/bjp-leader-asha-sharma-sworn-in-as-new-ghaziabad-mayor/articleshow/62039904.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
Ghaziabad city is governed by the [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] under the [http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Uttar-Pradesh-Uttarakhand-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1959.pdf Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act], 1959.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis|hdl=10603/223280|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/223280}}</ref>  Ghaziabad city is spread over {{cvt|210|km2}} of municipal area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad City|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/ghaziabad-city.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]] on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.<ref name=":1" /> Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0" /> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.<ref name="Ghaziabad Official Information" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parshad List|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/parshad-list.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> The local elections to all wards was last held in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2017-11-25|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam Polls 2017: Ward-Wise Candidate and Municipal Corporation Details of Ghaziabad, UP|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/ghaziabad-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-ward-wise-candidate-and-municipal-corporation-details-of-ghaziabad-up-2675838/|access-date=2020-08-26|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> The executive head is Nitin Gaur , the current [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} while the elected head is the [[Mayor]], Sunita dayal from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayaskant Das|date=Dec 12, 2017|title=BJP leader Asha Sharma sworn in as new Ghaziabad mayor {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/bjp-leader-asha-sharma-sworn-in-as-new-ghaziabad-mayor/articleshow/62039904.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
In 2022, Assembly Election [[Atul Garg]], [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] candidate won the election.


The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/index.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organization{{!}}GMA- Ghaziabad Management Association|url=http://gmaindia.org/executive.php|access-date=2020-10-29|website=gmaindia.org}}</ref>
The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website|url=http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/index.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ghaziabadnagarnigam.in}}</ref> It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organization{{!}}GMA- Ghaziabad Management Association|url=http://gmaindia.org/executive.php|access-date=2020-10-29|website=gmaindia.org}}</ref>


=== Representation in state assembly ===
=== Representation in state assembly ===
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]] represented by [[V. K. Singh|Vijay Kumar Singh]] from the BJP,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Kumar Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1667|access-date=2020-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref> and one MLA elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency)|Vidhan Sabha constituency]], represented by BJP's [[Atul Garg]] elected in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atul Garg(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(GHAZIABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=186|access-date=2020-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref>
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]] represented by [[V. K. Singh|Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar Singh]] from the BJP,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Kumar Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1667|access-date=2020-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref> and one MLA elected from the [[Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency)|Vidhan Sabha constituency]], represented by BJP's [[Atul Garg]] elected in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atul Garg(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(GHAZIABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=186|access-date=2020-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref>


=== Law and order ===
=== Law and order ===
In January 2020 it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-15|title=Commissionerate: New police system in Ghaziabad, Varanasi, Kanpur likely|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/commissionerate-new-police-system-in-ghaziabad-varanasi-kanpur-likely-6216869/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district, Shri Kalanidhi Naithani, IPS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who {{!}} District Ghaziabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/about-district/whos-who/|access-date=2020-10-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
In January 2020 it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-15|title=Commissionerate: New police system in Ghaziabad, Varanasi, Kanpur likely|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/commissionerate-new-police-system-in-ghaziabad-varanasi-kanpur-likely-6216869/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who {{!}} District Ghaziabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/about-district/whos-who/|access-date=2020-10-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== Development ===
The [[Ghaziabad Development Authority]] (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure.


== Civic utilities ==
== Civic utilities ==
Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The [[Comprehensive planning|master plan]] for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, [[Uttar Pradesh]], which is department under the [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]] for the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / About Us / Profile|url=http://uptownplanning.gov.in/page/en/profile|access-date=2020-08-26|website=uptownplanning.gov.in}}</ref>
Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The [[Comprehensive planning|master plan]] for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, [[Uttar Pradesh]], which is department under the [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]] for the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / About Us / Profile|url=http://uptownplanning.gov.in/page/en/profile|access-date=2020-08-26|website=uptownplanning.gov.in}}</ref>


The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-09|title=Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/ghaziabad-s-residential-areas-to-get-water-atms-before-summer/story-IJp306qqdFn3IEhd0y9lOO.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The city also receives water from the [[Ganges|Ganga]] through 50 [[Cubic foot|cusec]] (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants<ref name=":2" />  but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad: New Ganga water treatment plant to tackle city's water scarcity|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/5967/ghaziabad-new-ganga-water-treatment-plant-to-tackle-city-s-water-scarcity|access-date=2020-08-26|website=www.cityspidey.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last1=Sep 4|first1=TNN /|last2=2015|last3=Ist|first3=03:08|title=Treated water doesn't reach over half of Ghaziabad homes {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Treated-water-doesnt-reach-over-half-of-Ghaziabad-homes/articleshow/48796230.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-09|title=Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/ghaziabad-s-residential-areas-to-get-water-atms-before-summer/story-IJp306qqdFn3IEhd0y9lOO.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The city also receives water from the [[Ganges|Ganga]] through 50 [[Cubic foot|cusec]] (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants<ref name=":2" />  but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ghaziabad: New Ganga water treatment plant to tackle city's water scarcity|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/5967/ghaziabad-new-ganga-water-treatment-plant-to-tackle-city-s-water-scarcity|access-date=2020-08-26|website=www.cityspidey.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Sep 4, 2015|title=Treated water doesn't reach over half of Ghaziabad homes {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Treated-water-doesnt-reach-over-half-of-Ghaziabad-homes/articleshow/48796230.cms|access-date=2020-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>


The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up [[sewage treatment plants]] and water treatment plants for the city.<ref name=":3" />  The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.<ref name=":4"/> Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.<ref name=":4" /> Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.<ref name=":4" />
The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up [[sewage treatment plants]] and water treatment plants for the city.<ref name=":3" />  The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.<ref name=":4"/> Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.<ref name=":4" /> Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.<ref name=":4" />


As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to [[Meerut]], while 300 metric tonnes are sent to [[Pilkhuwa]], while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create [[compost]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|last1=Jan 25|first1=Abhijay Jha / TNN /|last2=2019|last3=Ist|first3=10:28|title=Meerut allows Ghaziabad to dump 200 tonnes of waste daily {{!}} Ghaziabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/meerut-allows-ghaziabad-to-dump-200-tonnes-of-waste-daily/articleshow/67680428.cms|access-date=2020-09-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar [[landfill]] till they stopped on the orders of a [[National Green Tribunal Act|National Green Tribunal]] committee.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=GZB Municipal corp to set up 10 garbage factories|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/business/gzb-municipal-corp-to-set-up-10-garbage-factories.html|access-date=2020-09-08|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.
As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to [[Meerut]], while 300 metric tonnes are sent to [[Pilkhuwa]], while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create [[compost]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|author=Abhijay Jha|date=Jan 25, 2019|title=Meerut allows Ghaziabad to dump 200 tonnes of waste daily {{!}} Ghaziabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/meerut-allows-ghaziabad-to-dump-200-tonnes-of-waste-daily/articleshow/67680428.cms|access-date=2020-09-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar [[landfill]] until they stopped on the orders of a [[National Green Tribunal Act|National Green Tribunal]] committee.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=GZB Municipal corp to set up 10 garbage factories|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/business/gzb-municipal-corp-to-set-up-10-garbage-factories.html|access-date=2020-09-08|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.


==Transport==
==Transportation==
===Road===
===Road===
A proposal has been made to widen{{when|date=April 2020}} [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/make-nh-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-akhilesh-yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |title=Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020244/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Make-NH-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-Akhilesh-Yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref>
[[File:National Highway 24.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] connects Ghaziabad. ]]
A proposal has been made to widen{{when|date=April 2020}} [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/make-nh-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-akhilesh-yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |title=Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020244/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Make-NH-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-Akhilesh-Yadav/Article1-989730.aspx |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref>


===Rail===
===Rail===
The city receives [[Indian Railways]] service at [[Ghaziabad Junction railway station|Ghaziabad Junction Railway Station]].
[[File:Delhi Metro.jpg|thumb|The [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue]] and [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red]] Lines of the [[Delhi Metro]] serve Ghaziabad]]
The [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue]] and [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red]] Lines of the [[Delhi Metro]] serve Ghaziabad and connect it with the national capital, Delhi. The [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]] serves Ghaziabad, with eight stations, and [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] with two stations. The Red Line's eastern terminus, [[Shaheed Sthal metro station|Shaheed Sthal]], is located in this city. Other stations include [[Hindon River metro station|Hindon River]] (which serves Raj Nagar Extension) and [[Mohan Nagar metro station|Mohan Nagar]]. The Blue Line stations exist at [[Vaishali (Delhi Metro)|Vaishali]] which serves that area as well as [[Vasundhra|Vasundhara]] and [[Indirapuram]], and [[Kaushambi metro station|Kaushambi Station]] serving the [[Kaushambi (Ghaziabad)|Kaushambi]] area.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 July 2011|title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/|access-date=16 April 2013|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>


The [[Delhi Metro]] [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]] serves Ghaziabad, with eight stations. The Red Line's eastern terminus, [[Shaheed Sthal metro station]], is located in this city. Other stations include [[Hindon metro station|Hindon River Station]] which serves Raj Nagar Extension and [[Mohan Nagar metro station|Mohan Nagar Station]]. Another station exists at [[Vaishali (Delhi Metro)|Vaishali]], which serves that area as well as Vasundhara and Indirapuram, and there is also a station at [[Kaushambi (Ghaziabad)|Kaushambi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/ |title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work |work=The Indian Express|date=15 July 2011 |access-date=16 April 2013}}</ref>
The city receives [[Indian Railways]] service at [[Ghaziabad Junction railway station|Ghaziabad Junction]]. This is one of the major junctions in the country and has been operating since 1864, being one of the first few stations opened.


[[File:Residential area, Vaishali, Delhi.jpg|thumb|Residential apartments near Vaishali Metro Station, Ghaziabad]]
The [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]] is currently under construction and will run through Ghaziabad.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Journal|first=Tunnelling|date=2021-12-31|title=EPBMs ready for India's Delhi-Meerut Rapid Rail Project|url=https://tunnellingjournal.com/epbms-ready-indias-delhi-meerut-rapid-rail-project/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=The Tunnelling Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref>


===Air===
===Air===
[[Hindon Airport|Hindon Domestic Airport]] is the airport serving Ghaziabad is operational in the city . The closest international airport is the [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]. [[Hindon Airport|Hindon Domestic Airport]] currently only goes to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand and Hubli, Karnataka.<ref>[http://livemint.com/companies/news/udan-scheme-4-airlines-to-link-ghaziabad-to-8-small-towns-from-mid-may-1552043368616.html UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh] Livemint</ref>
[[Hindon Airport]] is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] on 8 March 2019. The [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.<ref>[http://livemint.com/companies/news/udan-scheme-4-airlines-to-link-ghaziabad-to-8-small-towns-from-mid-may-1552043368616.html UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh] Livemint</ref>
 
==Sports==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2020}}
The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ghaziabad|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] is a Cricket stadium in Ghaziabad and Mahamaya Sports stadium is multi-purpose Sports Stadium in the City.
 
An International Cricket Stadium is under construction at Raj Nagar Extension and will be completed by 2021.


==Institutes==
==Institutes==
Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are:-
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*[[Christ University]] [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR Campus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi NCR Campus |url=https://ncr.christuniversity.in/ |website=NCR, Christ University |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
*[[IMS Engineering College]]
*[[IMS Engineering College]]
*[[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]]
*[[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute of Management Technology]] (IMT)
*[[Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad]]
*[[Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad]]
*[[Jaipuria Institute of Management]], Indirapuram, Ghaziabad<ref>[https://jaipuria.edu.in/jim Jaipuria Institute of Management]</ref>
*[[Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rkgit.edu.in/ |title = RKGIT:: Top Private engineering college in AKTU}}</ref>
*[[Krishna Engineering College]]<ref>[https://krishnacollege.ac.in/ Krishna Engineering College]</ref>
*[[Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology]]<ref>https://rkgit.edu.in/</ref>
*[[Santosh Medical College]]
*[[Santosh Medical College]]
*[[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]] (Delhi-NCR Campus)
*[[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]] (Delhi-NCR Campus)
*[[Sunder Deep Group of Institutions]]


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==
Line 171: Line 168:
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* [[Suresh Bansal]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061726/https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Suresh Bansal]], politician<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|title=FIR against unknown bike bourne criminals for attack on Loni MLA Nand Kishore Gurjar, NCR Hindi News - Hindustan|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061726/https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-fir-against-unknown-bike-bourne-criminals-for-attack-on-loni-mla-nand-kishore-gurjar-2020475.html|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Madan Bhaiya]], politician,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807162340/https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Madan Bhaiya]], politician,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|title=Mafia don, News Photo, the notorious 'mafaia don' Mad|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807162340/https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/489467/mafia-don-madan-gujjar-criminal-aii.html|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Roop Chaudhary]], politician.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|title= Archived copy|access-date= 15 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155431/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|archive-date= 7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>         
* [[Roop Chaudhary]], politician.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|title= Bharatiya Janata Party|access-date= 15 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155431/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8749:list-of-bjp-kisan-morcha-working-committee-2013-&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494|archive-date= 7 August 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>         
* [[Arvind Kejriwal]], politician
* [[Rama Pilot]], politician.<ref name="LS">{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile: Pilot, Smt. Rama|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|publisher=[[Lok Sabha]]|access-date=4 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011604/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Rama Pilot]], politician.<ref name="LS">{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile: Pilot, Smt. Rama|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|publisher=[[Lok Sabha]]|access-date=4 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011604/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=559&lastls=13|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[K.C. Tyagi]],Politician
* General [[V.K. Singh]] (Retd.), politician
* [[Ram Chandra Vikal]], freedom fighter and Deputy chief minister of UP.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130217024002/http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[K.C. Tyagi]], politician
* [[Ram Chandra Vikal]], freedom fighter and deputy Chief Minister of UP.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|title=Former UP deputy CM Ram Chander Vikal dies|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217024002/http://ayurveda.zeenews.com/news/uttar-pradesh/former-up-deputy-cm-ram-chander-vikal-dies_715608.html|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>


===Sports===
===Sports===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->  
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*[[Rajkumar Baisla]],Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)<ref>https://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghaziabad-8589007.html</ref><ref>http://www.yespunjab.com/info4u/item/48743-list-of-dhyan-chand-award-recipients-india-s-highest-award-for-lifetime-achievement-in-sports-and-games</ref>
*[[Rajkumar Baisla]], Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghaziabad-8589007.html|title=पहलवान राजकुमार व निशानेबाज फरीद अली सम्मानित}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://etherealitsolutions.com/digital-marketing-company-in-ghaziabad/ |title = Digital Marketing Companies in Ghaziabad}}</ref>
*[[Suresh Raina]], Indian Cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|title=Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|website=Cricbuzz|language=en|access-date=2018-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703051012/http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
*[[Manoj Prabhakar]], cricketer
*[[Suresh Raina]], cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|title=Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|website=Cricbuzz|language=en|access-date=2018-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703051012/http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/413/suresh-raina|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
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<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url=https://www.jasminegrove.co.in/|title=Real Estate|publisher=Jasmine Grove|access-date=24 April 2020}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf|date=20 April 2011|title=Census of India 2011 – Provisional Population Totals &#124; Uttar Pradesh Series 10|access-date=14 September 2015}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf|date=20 April 2011|title=Census of India 2011 – Provisional Population Totals &#124; Uttar Pradesh Series 10|access-date=14 September 2015}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/|title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work - Indian Express|work=indianexpress|access-date=14 September 2015}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/|title=Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work - Indian Express|work=indianexpress|access-date=14 September 2015}}
Line 194: Line 195:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Ghaziabad}}
 
* [http://ghaziabad.nic.in Ghaziabad District Administration]
* [http://ghaziabad.nic.in Ghaziabad District Administration]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Ghaziabad}}
*  


{{Ghaziabad district}}
{{Ghaziabad district}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{National Capital Territory of Delhi}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}


Revision as of 06:08, 22 July 2023

This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh, India. For other uses, see Ghaziabad (disambiguation).
Ghaziabad
City
Clockwise from Top:
Indirapuram Skyline, Shipra Mall, Clock House, Hindon Airport, Kaushambi Skyline and Institute of Management Technology
Nickname: 
Gateway of Uttar Pradesh
Map of Ghaziabad
Map of Ghaziabad
Ghaziabad
Map of Ghaziabad
Map of Ghaziabad
Ghaziabad
Map of Ghaziabad
Map of Ghaziabad
Ghaziabad
Coordinates: 28°40′N 77°25′E / 28.67°N 77.42°E / 28.67; 77.42
Country India
StateFile:..Uttar Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png Uttar Pradesh
DivisionMeerut
DistrictGhaziabad
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyGhaziabad Municipal Corporation
 • MayorSunita Dayal (BJP)
 • Municipal CommissionerNitin Gaur, IAS[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total210 km2 (80 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total1,729,000
 • Density8,200/km2 (21,000/sq mi)
DemonymGhaziabadi
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
201 XXX
Telephone code91-120
Vehicle registrationUP-14
Websiteghaziabad.nic.in

Ghaziabad (Hindustani pronunciation: [ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪]) is a city in the Indian state [3] of Uttar Pradesh and a part of Delhi NCR.[4] It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000.[2] Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.[5] The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.[2] Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India.[6][7]

It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to New Delhi, on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.[8] Recent construction[9] works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.[10][11] Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.[12][13]

History

The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a wazir in the court of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.[14] The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.[15][16][17][18] During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the Hindon in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.[16]

Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by Syed Ahmad Khan.[19] The Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway, connecting Delhi and Lahore, up until Ambala through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.[20] With the completion of the Amritsar-Saharanpur-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, Delhi was connected to Multan through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the East Indian Railway and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.[21]

Ghaziabad, along with Meerut and Bulandshahr, remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the British Raj.[22]

Ghaziabad was associated with the Indian independence movement from the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[15]

Economy

Residential apartments near Vaishali metro station, Ghaziabad
MAIT Administrative Block in Ghaziabad.

Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of Punjab.[23] John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at Rawalpindi was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.[24] Subsequently, the Mohan Meakin breweries were also set up in the year 1949.[25] This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.[26]

In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of Bharat Electronics Limited and Central Electronics Limited[27] Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).[28]

Demographics

Population

The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 93.81%.[29] Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.[30] It is the second largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur.[31] Brahmin constitutes more than 6 lakh population becoming the single largest community of the city.[32]

Government and politics

Ghaziabad city is governed by the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959.[33] Ghaziabad city is spread over 210 km2 (81 sq mi) of municipal area.[34] It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a Municipal Corporation on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.[34] Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.[5] The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.[2][35] The local elections to all wards was last held in 2023.[36] The executive head is Nitin Gaur , the current Municipal Commissioner[citation needed] while the elected head is the Mayor, Sunita dayal from the BJP.[37] In 2022, Assembly Election Atul Garg, Bhartiya Janta Party candidate won the election.

The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.[38] It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.[39]

Representation in state assembly

The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the Lok Sabha constituency represented by Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar Singh from the BJP,[40] and one MLA elected from the Vidhan Sabha constituency, represented by BJP's Atul Garg elected in 2017.[41]

Law and order

In January 2020 it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.[42] The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.[43]

Development

The Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure.

Civic utilities

Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The master plan for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, which is department under the Department of Housing and Urban Planning for the state.[44]

The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.[45] The city also receives water from the Ganga through 50 cusec (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants[45] but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.[46] Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.[47]

The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up sewage treatment plants and water treatment plants for the city.[46] The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.[47] Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps.[47] Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.[47]

As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to Meerut, while 300 metric tonnes are sent to Pilkhuwa, while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create compost.[48] The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar landfill until they stopped on the orders of a National Green Tribunal committee.[48] The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories[49]' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.

Transportation

Road

National Highway 24 connects Ghaziabad.

A proposal has been made to widen[when?] National Highway 24 (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.[50]

Rail

The Blue and Red Lines of the Delhi Metro serve Ghaziabad

The Blue and Red Lines of the Delhi Metro serve Ghaziabad and connect it with the national capital, Delhi. The Red Line serves Ghaziabad, with eight stations, and Blue Line with two stations. The Red Line's eastern terminus, Shaheed Sthal, is located in this city. Other stations include Hindon River (which serves Raj Nagar Extension) and Mohan Nagar. The Blue Line stations exist at Vaishali which serves that area as well as Vasundhara and Indirapuram, and Kaushambi Station serving the Kaushambi area.[51]

The city receives Indian Railways service at Ghaziabad Junction. This is one of the major junctions in the country and has been operating since 1864, being one of the first few stations opened.

The Delhi–Meerut RRTS is currently under construction and will run through Ghaziabad.[52]

Air

Hindon Airport is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after Indira Gandhi International Airport. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 8 March 2019. The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.[53]

Institutes

Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are:-

Notable people

Arts, entertainment and television

Business

Politics and government

Sports

References

  1. ↑ "In a reshuffle before civic polls, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Ghaziabad Information".
  3. ↑ CareersHelp (29 March 2022). "Slums Problems 2022 - A Reality Of India Slums Problems And Solutions". Careers Help - More Than Just Career Help. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  4. ↑ "National Capital Region- Constituent Areas". NCRPB. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam". Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  6. ↑ Athique and Hill, Adrian and Douglas (17 December 2009). The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure (2010 ed.). New York. pp. 110–114. ISBN 9781135181888.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ↑ "District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History". NIC. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  8. ↑ "Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P". Ghaziabad.nic.in. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "Ghaziabad slum dwellers clash with authorities". The Indian Express. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  10. ↑ "Business". 17 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011.
  11. ↑ Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. "The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010., current listings: "World's fastest growing urban areas (1)". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  12. ↑ "Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us". Archived from the original on 1 February 2013.
  13. ↑ Sad State Of Ghaziabad Slums, People Deprived of Basic Amenities, retrieved 19 November 2022
  14. ↑ Anu Kapur, In 1864, with the advent of the railways, the name was shortened to Ghaziabad for administrative purposes p. 83-85, Mapping Place Names of India
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "history1". nagarnigamghaziabad.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Roy, Debashish (14 August 2011). "Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  17. ↑ "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  18. ↑ "History". ghaziabad.nic.in. District Administration, Ghaziabad. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  19. ↑ Azimabadi, Badr (2007). Great Personalities in Islam. Daryaganj, Delhi: Adam Publishers. p. 218. ISBN 9788174351227.
  20. ↑ "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  21. ↑ "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  22. ↑ Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  23. ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 30, 92, 98. ISBN 8170222508.
  24. ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 172. ISBN 8170222508.
  25. ↑ "Mohan Meakin Group". Mohanmeakin.com. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  26. ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 92. ISBN 8170222508.
  27. ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 97, 98. ISBN 8170222508.
  28. ↑ Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 124, 93, 11, 39, 69. ISBN 8170222508.
  29. ↑ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  30. ↑ "Meeting of Empowered Committee" (PDF). Minutes of the Meeting Report. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  31. ↑ "district and session court-ghaziabad". Ghaziabad.nic.in. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  32. ↑ "Caste will play role in casting votes in Ghaziabad". Hindustan Times. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  33. ↑ "The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis". hdl:10603/223280.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Ghaziabad City". ghaziabadnagarnigam.in. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  35. ↑ "Parshad List". ghaziabadnagarnigam.in. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  36. ↑ Desk, India com News (25 November 2017). "Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam Polls 2017: Ward-Wise Candidate and Municipal Corporation Details of Ghaziabad, UP". India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com. Retrieved 26 August 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  37. ↑ Ayaskant Das (12 December 2017). "BJP leader Asha Sharma sworn in as new Ghaziabad mayor | Noida News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  38. ↑ "Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website". ghaziabadnagarnigam.in. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  39. ↑ "Organization|GMA- Ghaziabad Management Association". gmaindia.org. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  40. ↑ "Vijay Kumar Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  41. ↑ "Atul Garg(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(GHAZIABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  42. ↑ "Commissionerate: New police system in Ghaziabad, Varanasi, Kanpur likely". The Indian Express. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  43. ↑ "Who's Who | District Ghaziabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  44. ↑ "Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / About Us / Profile". uptownplanning.gov.in. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer". Hindustan Times. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Ghaziabad: New Ganga water treatment plant to tackle city's water scarcity". www.cityspidey.com. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 "Treated water doesn't reach over half of Ghaziabad homes | Noida News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 4 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Abhijay Jha (25 January 2019). "Meerut allows Ghaziabad to dump 200 tonnes of waste daily | Ghaziabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  49. ↑ Pioneer, The. "GZB Municipal corp to set up 10 garbage factories". The Pioneer. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  50. ↑ "Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  51. ↑ "Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work". The Indian Express. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  52. ↑ Journal, Tunnelling (31 December 2021). "EPBMs ready for India's Delhi-Meerut Rapid Rail Project". The Tunnelling Journal. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  53. ↑ UDAN flights from Hindon airport, Ghaziabad, will connect to Hubli, Jamnagar, Shimla, Kalburgi, Kannur, Nashik, Faizabad, Pithoragarh Livemint
  54. ↑ "Delhi NCR Campus". NCR, Christ University. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  55. ↑ "RKGIT:: Top Private engineering college in AKTU".
  56. ↑ "Happy Birthday Lara Dutta: Her top moments". The Indian Express. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  57. ↑ "Google's Nikesh Arora: Man with a plan". Live Mint. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018.
  58. ↑ Thomas, Maria. "Old Monk's old man is no more". Quartz. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  59. ↑ "FIR against unknown bike bourne criminals for attack on Loni MLA Nand Kishore Gurjar, NCR Hindi News - Hindustan". Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  60. ↑ "Mafia don, News Photo, the notorious 'mafaia don' Mad". Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  61. ↑ "Bharatiya Janata Party". Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  62. ↑ "Members Bioprofile: Pilot, Smt. Rama". Lok Sabha. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  63. ↑ "Former UP deputy CM Ram Chander Vikal dies". Retrieved 8 September 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  64. ↑ "पहलवान राजकुमार व निशानेबाज फरीद अली सम्मानित".
  65. ↑ "Digital Marketing Companies in Ghaziabad".
  66. ↑ "Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats". Cricbuzz. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.

Further reading

External links

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