Karauli State: Difference between revisions

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==History==
==History==
According to the official genealogies of [[Jadons|Jadon Rajput]] ruled [[Karauli]] state,it is mentioned that one Dharmpal of the Yaduvanshi Lineage, 77th in descent from [[Krishna]] had migrated from the [[Dwarka]] the ancient seat of Yadavas to [[North India]] and conquered the [[Bayana]], [[Mewat]] in 810 CE. His descendants continued to rule over the land and acknowledged the suzerainty of the Imperial [[Pratihar Rajput]]s of the [[Kannauj]]<ref>Jadon Vanisyo ka Itihas -Karauli ka Vijaypala ,pg- 19-27 ,Alwar Puralekhiy (Non -archival -Library Section) Rajasthan Archives Office,Bikaner.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cunningham|first=Sir Alexander|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6lhBAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en&redir_esc=y|title=Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882-83|date=1885|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing|language=en}}</ref><ref>Yadav Vansho ka Itihas Sambat 867 Vikarmi se 1094 tak ,No 269 ,8/27 ,Alwar Puralekhiy (Non -archival -Library Section ),Rajasthan Archives Office ,Bikaner .</ref>  
The Maharaja of Karauli is considered as the head of the Jadaun clan of [[Rajput]]s and claim to be descendants of [[Krishna]]. The Jadauns once ruled the kingdom of Braj which included [[Alwar]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli]] and [[Dholpur]]. In 1196 Kunwar Pal lost all of his territories to the invading [[Ghurid Dynasty|Ghurids]]. One of the scions called Arjun Pal was able to recover some of his ancestral lands and founded the town of [[Karauli]]. The Jadauns remained independent for a century until their lands were once again captured by Mahmud I of [[Malwa]]. The Jadauns remained insignificant until they gained patronage under the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]], the Jadaun ruler Gopaldas was made the Maharaja of Karauli and was made the commander of 2000, he also played an important role in the foundation of [[Agra fort]] on the orders of the Mughal emperor.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tCc-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y An ethnographical hand-book for the N.-W. provinces and Oudh By William Crooke]</ref>


[[File:Vijay_Garh_Fort_on_the_Hill_top.jpg|thumb|The VijayaGarh fort constructed by Maharaja Vijaypal]]
==Alliance with the British==
The recorded accounts of [[Jadaun Rajputs]] ruled [[Karauli State]] begins with the accession of Vijaypal of [[Bayana]] in [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur region]] who was 11th in descent from Dharampal and 88th in descent from [[Krishna]] in around A.D.1043.The construction of fortress of famous [[Vijaygarh Fort|Vijayamandirgarh]] is attributed to Vijaypal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Dr Gopinath|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400797|title=Rajasthan Ke Itihas Ke Srot|date=1903|page=66-67}}</ref><ref>Gazetteer of the Karauli State by Captain Percy Powlett.1874 ,part I ,p.3.</ref>  
Karauli was the first state to conclude the treaty with the [[British Raj|British]] on the 9th November, 1817. The Maharaja of Karauli, Harbaksh Pal Deo, had accepted a 'protectorate' treaty through his agent at [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Meena |last=Gaur |title=Sati and Social Reforms in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CmCAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Publication Scheme, 1989 |isbn=9788185263571 |page=23 |quote=Karauli was the first state to conclude the treaty with the British on the 9th November, 1817. The Maharaja of Karauli, Harbaksh Pal Deo, had accepted a 'protectorate' treaty through his agent at Delhi.}}</ref>


The Maharaja of Karauli is considered as the head of the [[Jadaun Rajputs]] clan. The [[Jadaun]]s once ruled the kingdom of Braj which included [[Alwar]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli]] and [[Dholpur]]. In 1196 Kunwar Pal lost all of his territories to the invading [[Ghurid Dynasty|Ghurids]]. One of the scions called Arjun Pal was able to recover some of his ancestral lands and founded the town of [[Karauli]]. The [[Jadaun]]s remained independent for a century until their lands were once again captured by Mahmud I of [[Malwa]]. The [[Jadaun Rajputs]]s remained insignificant until they gained patronage under the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]],through his gallantry displayed in Akbar’s campaigns in the [[Daulatabad Fort|Siege of Daulatabad]], Akbar rewarded Gopaldas the erstwhile ancestral lands of the Yaduvamshis,the Jadaun ruler Gopaldas was made the Maharaja of [[Karauli]] and was made the commander of 2000, he also led the foundation of [[Agra fort]] which will serve as power of seat of India for centuries to follow, on the orders of the Mughal emperor.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan  |pages=718|isbn=8129108909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 26 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif|access-date=2021-06-03|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Crooke|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCc-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y|title=An Ethnographical Hand-book for the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh|date=1890|publisher=North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press|language=en}}</ref>
In 1857, at the time of [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|the great mutiny]], Madan Pal lent a hearty support to the [[British Empire|English]], and gave shelter and protection to many of their distressed fugitives, who were all securely harboured in the State, or placed in safe retreats beyond the vengeance of their blood-thirsty pursuers. He sent a detachment of 800, followed by reinforcement of 1500. These troops proved themselves bold and trustworthy soldiers, and drove the rebels from that part of the town where the palace was situated, and of which they were able to retain possession for two months, till the arrival of the British troops.


The Jadoun [[Rajput]]s are [[Ahir]] by origin.<ref name="ahir">{{cite book|last1=Cunningham|first1=Joseph Davey|last2=Garrett|first2=H. L. O.|title=A History of the Sikhs from the Origin of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120609501|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdPFkAsDJVgC&pg=PA7&dq=ahir+rajput+raja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLssCxkKjMAhUGkY4KHRYUCXM4FBDoAQgsMAQ#v=onepage&q=ahir%20rajput%20raja&f=false|accessdate=24 April 2016|language=en}}</ref> His Highness the Maharaja maintains a military force of 281 cavalry, 1640 infantry, and 56 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 17 guns (as of 1892). The Britishers later occupied it, and they ruled up to 1947. The Maharaja's palace is a handsome block of buildings, some of them dating to the mid-18th century.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Karauli |volume=15 |page=677}}</ref>  
Madan Pal for his loyalty was made Grand Commander of the Order of Star of India.<ref>{{cite book|first=D. D. |last=Gaur |title=Constitutional Development of Eastern Rajputana States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVAFAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Usha Publishing House, 1978 |page=18 }}</ref>


===British Raj===
The salute of honour, to which the Chiefs of Karauli were entitled, was also enhanced from 15 to 17 in appreciation of the loyal services of Raja Madan Pal, who was also decorated with a rich dress of honour.<ref>{{cite book|first=Markand Nandshankar |last=Mehta |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKBEAQAAMAAJ |year=1985 |publisher=Usha, 1985 |pages=332-334 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Sawai Madhopur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3wbAAAAIAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press, 1981 |page=40-42 }}</ref>
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
After the decline of the Mughal empire in the 18th century, Karauli was under the [[Maratha Empire]] until the Marathas were defeated by the British. In 1817, Karauli's ruler signed a treaty with the [[East India Company]] and became a [[British protectorate]], the status was maintained till the independence of India in 1947.


After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] and became part of the state of [[Rajasthan]].
After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] and became part of the state of [[Rajasthan]].
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The rulers of the state bore the title '[[Maharaja|'''Maharaja''']]'.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref>
The rulers of the state bore the title '[[Maharaja|'''Maharaja''']]'.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref>


====Maharajas====
====Maharajas====  
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2017}}
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2017}}
The list names of the rulers of Bayana and later Karauli family are as follows:
* Dharampal (810 AD)
* Vijaypal (1043 AD)
* Tahanpala (1060)
* Dharam Pala II(1090 AD)
* Kunwarpala (1120 AD)
* Aajya Pala (1150 AD)
* Hari pala (1180 AD)
* Sohan Pala (1196 AD)
* Ananga Pala (1220 AD)
* Prithi Pala (1242 AD)
* Raja Pala (1264 AD)
* Trilok Pala (1286 AD)
* Vipala pala (1308 AD)
* Asala Pala (1330 AD)
* Gugola pala (1352 AD)
* Arjuna Pala (1374 AD) -he founded Jaduan state of [[Karauli State|Karauli]] in 1348 AD
* Vikramajit (1396 AD)
* Abhay chand pala (1418 AD)
* Prithvi Raj pala (1440)
* Chandrasen or Chandrapal (1462 AD)
* Bharti chand (1484 AD)
* Gopaldas (1506 AD)
* Dwarakadas (1528 AD)
*1691 – 1734: Kanwar Pal II  
*1691 – 1734: Kanwar Pal II  
*1734 – 1757: Gopal Singh (d. 1757)  
*1734 – 1757: Gopal Singh (d. 1757)  
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*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Rajputana Agency]]
*[[Rajputana Agency]]
*[[Jadaun Rajputs]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:17, 15 August 2021


Karauli State
करौली रियासत
Princely State of British India
1348–1949
Flag of Karauli
Flag
Coat of arms of Karauli
Coat of arms

Karauli State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
Area 
• 1931
3,216 km2 (1,242 sq mi)
Population 
• 1931
140,525
History
History 
• Established
1348
1949
 Succeeded by
Matsya Union
Today part ofRajasthan, India
View of Timan Garh Fort in former Karauli State. Its foundations are said to have been built in the 2 century AD.

Karauli State[1] was a princely state in India from 1348 to 1949. It is located in the Braj region. Karauli city was the capital while Mandrayal or Mandrail was another important town.

Geography

The state had an area of 3,178 km2 (1,227 sq mi). In 1901, the population of the state was 156,786, and that of the town was 23,482. Millets, the staple food of the people,[2] was the main agricultural produce. As of the early 20th century, there were no major industries; a little weaving, dyeing, wood-turning, and stone cutting constituted the notable cottage industries.[2] Most goods, as also salt, sugar, cotton, buffaloes, and bullocks, were imported; rice and goats comprised the main exports.[2]

History

The Maharaja of Karauli is considered as the head of the Jadaun clan of Rajputs and claim to be descendants of Krishna. The Jadauns once ruled the kingdom of Braj which included Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli and Dholpur. In 1196 Kunwar Pal lost all of his territories to the invading Ghurids. One of the scions called Arjun Pal was able to recover some of his ancestral lands and founded the town of Karauli. The Jadauns remained independent for a century until their lands were once again captured by Mahmud I of Malwa. The Jadauns remained insignificant until they gained patronage under the Mughal emperor Akbar, the Jadaun ruler Gopaldas was made the Maharaja of Karauli and was made the commander of 2000, he also played an important role in the foundation of Agra fort on the orders of the Mughal emperor.[3][4]

Alliance with the British

Karauli was the first state to conclude the treaty with the British on the 9th November, 1817. The Maharaja of Karauli, Harbaksh Pal Deo, had accepted a 'protectorate' treaty through his agent at Delhi.[5]

In 1857, at the time of the great mutiny, Madan Pal lent a hearty support to the English, and gave shelter and protection to many of their distressed fugitives, who were all securely harboured in the State, or placed in safe retreats beyond the vengeance of their blood-thirsty pursuers. He sent a detachment of 800, followed by reinforcement of 1500. These troops proved themselves bold and trustworthy soldiers, and drove the rebels from that part of the town where the palace was situated, and of which they were able to retain possession for two months, till the arrival of the British troops.

Madan Pal for his loyalty was made Grand Commander of the Order of Star of India.[6]

The salute of honour, to which the Chiefs of Karauli were entitled, was also enhanced from 15 to 17 in appreciation of the loyal services of Raja Madan Pal, who was also decorated with a rich dress of honour.[7][8]

After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the Dominion of India on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the Union of India and became part of the state of Rajasthan.

Rulers

The rulers of the state bore the title 'Maharaja'.[9]

Maharajas

  • 1691 – 1734: Kanwar Pal II
  • 1734 – 1757: Gopal Singh (d. 1757)
  • 1757 – 24 Oct 1772: Tarsam Pal (d. 1772)
  • 1772 – 1804: Manak Pal (d. 1804)
  • 1804 – 1805: Amola Pal (d. 1805)
  • 1805 – 1837: Herbaksh Pal (b. c. 1792 – d. 1837)
  • 1837 – 1849: Pratap Pal (d. 1849)
  • 1849 – 10 Jul 1852:Narsingh Pal (d. 1852)
  • 4 Sep 1852 – 14 Mar 1854: Bharat Pal
  • 14 Mar 1854 – 16 Aug 1869: Madan Pal (d. 1869) (from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Madan Pal)
  • 1869: Lakshman Pal
  • 1869 – 17 Nov 1875: Jaisingh Pal (d. 1875)
  • 1869 – 1871: Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar – Regent
  • Jan 1876 – 14 Aug 1886: Arjun Pal II (d. 1886)
  • 14 Aug 1886 – 3 Aug 1927: Bhanwar Pal (b. 1864 – d. 1927) (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Bhanwar Pal)
  • 3 Aug 1927 – 6 Apr 1947: Bhom Pal (b. 1866 – d. 1947) (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Bhom Pal)
  • 6 Apr 1940 – 15 Aug 1947: Ganesh Pal (b. 1906 – d. 1984)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15, p. 26.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Karauli" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 677.
  3. ↑ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif
  4. ↑ An ethnographical hand-book for the N.-W. provinces and Oudh By William Crooke
  5. ↑ Gaur, Meena (1989). Sati and Social Reforms in India. Publication Scheme, 1989. p. 23. ISBN 9788185263571. Karauli was the first state to conclude the treaty with the British on the 9th November, 1817. The Maharaja of Karauli, Harbaksh Pal Deo, had accepted a 'protectorate' treaty through his agent at Delhi.
  6. ↑ Gaur, D. D. (1978). Constitutional Development of Eastern Rajputana States. Usha Publishing House, 1978. p. 18.
  7. ↑ Mehta, Markand Nandshankar (1985). The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India, Volume 1. Usha, 1985. pp. 332–334.
  8. ↑ Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Sawai Madhopur. Printed at Government Central Press, 1981. 1981. p. 40-42.
  9. ↑ Princely States of India

External links

26°18′N 77°14′E / 26.3°N 77.23°E / 26.3; 77.23

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