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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{mcn|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Jhargram
| name               = Jhargram
| other_name              =  
| native_name        =  
| settlement_type          = Town
| native_name_lang  =  
| image_skyline            = File:Jhargram Deer Park.jpg
| other_name        =  
| image_size              = 300px
| settlement_type    = City
| image_alt               =
| image_alt         =  
| image_caption            = Jhargram Deer Park
| pushpin_map       = India West Bengal#India3
| map_alt                  =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| map_caption              =  
| pushpin_map_alt   =  
| pushpin_map             = India West Bengal
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| coordinates       = {{coord|22.45|N|86.98|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map_alt         =  
| subdivision_type   = Country
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in West Bengal, India
| subdivision_name   = India
| coordinates             = {{coord|22.454400|86.998292|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| government_type                =  [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name1       = District
| governing_body                  = Jhargram Municipality
| subdivision_name2       = [[Jhargram district]]
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_title       = <!-- Established -->
| established_date   =  
| established_date         =  
| founder           =  
| founder                 =  
| named_for         =  
| named_for               =  
| unit_pref         = Metric
| government_type         =  
| area_footnotes    = <ref name='Jhargram City'>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jhargrammunicipality.org/history.php|title=About Us - JHARGRAM MUNICIPALITY|website=www.jhargrammunicipality.org|access-date=25 November 2020|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206135354/https://www.jhargrammunicipality.org/history.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| governing_body          =  
| area_total_km2     = 21.40
| leader_title1            = [[Chairman]]
| area_rank         =  
| leader_name1            =  
| elevation_footnotes =  
| area_total_km2          =  
| elevation_m       = 81
| area_footnotes          =  
| population_total   = 61,682
| area_metro_km2          =  
| population_as_of   = 2011
| area_metro_footnotes     =  
| population_footnotes = <ref name='Jhargram City'/>
| area_rank               =  
| population_density_km2 = auto
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| population_rank   =
| elevation_m             =  
| population_demonym =
| population_total         = 61712
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| population_as_of         = 2011
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| population_footnotes     =  
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_rank         =  
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| population_density_km2  = auto
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| postal_code       = 721507
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| area_code         = 03221
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| postal_code             =  
| registration_plate = WB-49,50 (previously 33,34)
| area_code               =  
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| area_code_type           = Telephone code
| blank1_info_sec1   = [[Jhargram Lok Sabha constituency|Jhargram]]
| registration_plate       =
| blank2_name_sec1  = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1  = [[Jhargram Assembly constituency|Jhargram]]
| blank1_info_sec1         =
| website            = {{URL|http://www.jhargrammunicipality.org/}}
| leader_title2            =
| footnotes          =  
| leader_name2            =  
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]],
| blank2_name_sec1        = Literacy
English
| blank2_info_sec1        = 9.85%
| demographics1_title2 = Major local language
| blank3_name_sec1        = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| demographics1_info2 = [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]], [[Kudmali language|Kudmali]]
| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
}}
| blank4_name_sec1        = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies
 
| blank4_info_sec1        = [[Jhargram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
'''Jhargram''' is a city <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/jhargram|title=Jhargram (Zamindari)|first=Abhinay|last=Rathore|date=18 May 1956|website=Rajput Provinces of India}}</ref> and a municipality in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Jhargram district]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jhargram to be state's 22nd district on April 4|date=22 March 2017|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/jhargram-to-be-states-22nd-district-on-april-4-221352|publisher=Millennium Post|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref> It is a popular tourist destination known for its dense
| website                 = {{URL|jhargram.gov.in/}}
forests, ancient temples and royal palaces.
| footnotes                =  
 
|}}
==Geography==
'''Jhargram''' is a town in the [[Jhargram district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the Jhagram district and [[Jhargram subdivision]].
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=600| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|0|0|E}}|  float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Jhargram subdivision  of Jhargram district'''<br /> CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|12|30|N|86|54|0|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1=Gopiballavpur | numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[Gopiballavpur]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|37|59|N|86|45|52|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Belpahari | numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[Belpahari]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|21|59|15|N|87|6|40|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Baligeria | numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Baligeria]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|16|18|N|86|57|8|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Beliaberah | numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Beliaberah]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|11|57|N|87|8|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bhanga Gar | numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Bhanga Gar]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|35|9|N|86|55|5|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Binpur | numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Binpur]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|11|19|N|86|55|34|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Chhatinasol| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Chhatinasol]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|27|3|N|86|52|54|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Chilkigarh| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Chilkigarh]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|30|20|N|86|59|32|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Dahijuri| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Dahijuri]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|28|51|N|86|51|10|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Gidhni| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Gidhni]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|32|31|N|86|50|33|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Ergoda| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Ergoda]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|27|3|N|86|53|52|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12=Jamboni| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Jamboni]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|31|30|N|86|52|22|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Kapgari| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Kapgari]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|0|39|N|87|8|38|E}} | label-pos14=let|label14=Kharikamathani| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kharikamathani]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|10|56|N|87|9|34|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Kultikri| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Kultikri]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|34|30|N|87|3|20|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Lalgarh| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Lalgarh, Jhargram]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|20|16|N|87|2|53|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Lodhasuli| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Lodhasuli]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|19|25|N|87|0|44|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Mohanpur| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Mohanpur, Jhargram]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|1|54|N|87|10|41|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Nayagram| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Nayagram]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|35|30|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Netai| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Netai]] (R)
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|10|10|N|87|5|58|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21=Rohini| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Rohini, West Bengal]] (R)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|12|8|N|87|7|40|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22=Sankrail| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Sankrail, Jhargram]] (R)
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|38|18|N|87|0|54|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23=Sijua| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Sijua, Jhargram]] (R)
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|15|25|N|86|54|53|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=Tapsia| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Tapsia]] (R)
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|28|0|N|86|58|48|E}}| label-pos25=right|label25= Jhargram| numbered25=M| mark-title25= Jhargram (M)|shape-color25=black| label-size25=13|label-color25=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors -->
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|37|4|N|86|49|5|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Silda| numbered26=CT| mark-title26= [[Silda, West Bengal]] (CT) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|24|26|N|87|8|30|E}}|label27= Kangsabati River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=25| label-pos27=top| label-size27=11| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|8|20|N|87|2|0|E}}|label28= Subarnarekha River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=24| label-pos28=top| label-size28=11| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none
|arc-coordA={{coord|22|0|0|N|86|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= ODISHA| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.43
|arc-coordB={{coord|22|15|0|N|86|46|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-90| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.43}}
 
===Location===
Jhargram is located at {{coord|22.45|N|86.98|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Jhargram.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jhargram, India|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 81&nbsp;metres (265&nbsp;feet). The weather, like much of Bengal, is extremely humid and tropical. Temperatures can reach as high as 46&nbsp;°C in the hot and dry months of May and June but can plummet to 4&nbsp;°C in the chilly nights of December and January.
 
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>


==History==
==History==
Raja Sarbeswar Malla Deb was the founder of the [[Jhargram Raj]]. He started ruling the area in the fifteenth century. The antecedents of the family is unclear. There is a view that they belonged to a royal family of Rajasthan. They had come for a pilgrimage to Puri and during their return journey one of the brothers decided to stay back. The other thinking is that the family branched off from the Bishnupur raj family. Raja Raghunath Malla Deb being the sixteenth generation of the family and his descendants are better known for their prowess and charitable activities. Raja Birendra Roy involved the family in business activities, which has enabled the family to cope up with the changing modern times. He became a member of the West Bengal legislative assembly thrice. The descendants of the royal family presently look after their business interests and have an interest in politics.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.midnapore.in/town_jhargram.html | title=Jhargram  | work=  |publisher= Midnapore.in | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhargram.gov.in/history/ | title= Jhargram | work= About Distrct-History |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>


==Geography==
Legend says that around 1592 CE, [[Man Singh]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]] had come to conquer Bengal on behest of Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] from [[Rajputana]] (Rajasthan) to expand the Mughal Empire to Eastern India. He appointed one of his loyal officers in the army, Sarveshwar Singh, to defeat the local rulers of the region known as Junglekhand. This area is also mentioned in ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' as Jhari-khanda, and it was populated by the [[Santhal people|Santhal]], [[Munda people|Munda]], [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]], [[Kudmi Mahato]] and [[Lodha people|Lodha]] people groups. The area belonged to the [[Mal (caste)|Mal]] Raja.
The entire area around Jhargram town is an undulating topography with the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] gradually sloping down.<ref name= "admin">{{cite web| url = https://jhargram.gov.in/about-district/ | title= Jhargram | work= About District |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
 
The first fortress was supposed to have existed in Old Jhargram, but the ruins of the fortress are said to have gone underground due to some unknown reasons. The name of state capital, Jhargram, means a forest village which is surrounded by walls and canals. It was known as Ugal in the local language. Even today, the day after [[Durga Ashtami]], the four corners (Ugals) are worshiped for the protection of the erstwhile kingdom. The man who was the hero or bull within the surrounded wall and canal were called Ugal Sanda. As such, the full name of the Raja of the State was known as Raja Sarveshwar Malla Ugal Sanda Deb, and the title has been continued up to Raja Narasingha Malla Ugal Sanda Deb.
 
During the [[Maratha expeditions in Bengal|Maratha invasion of Bengal]] between 1741 and 1751, the king of Jhargram Raja Man Govind Malla Dev joined his armed forces with the Raja of [[History of Bankura district#Bishnupur kingdom|Bishnupur]] and the [[Nawab of Bengal]] to fight a war against them, and they were victorious. Jhargram remained an independent kingdom until 1767, when [[East India Company|The East India Company]], led by [[Robert Clive]], came from Midnapore, via Radhanagar to capture the Jhargram fort. Raja Shyam Sundar Malla Dev the then king of Jhargram worked on to check the advances of the British by allying with the Raja of Dhalbhumgarh, he took part in [[Chuar Rebellion|the Chuar Rebellion]] to protect his independent status. He defeated Colonel Fergusson at Dudhkundi near [[Kharagpur]] in 1791 when the East India Company tried to enter Jhargram. Fergusson's forces, consisting of 100 Europeans, 300 cavalry, 1400 sepoys and 10 field pieces, was the standard size of the colonial armies. But the second time the joint forces were defeated at [[Radhanagar (disambiguation)|Radhanagar]] by the British army in 1793, ending thereby the last hurdle to the colonial conquest of Bengal, hence the treaty of Midnapore confirmed the surrender of Jhargram and Dhalbhum to the British. But soon the British Governor of Bengal endorsed his stature, the kingdom was then recognized as a [[Zamindari]] estate under the law of [[primogeniture]], and the ruler was given the title of Raja. Jhargram fell twice into the [[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]], after the death of Raja Raghunath Malla Ugal Sanda Deb and Raja Chandi Charan Malla Ugal Sanda Deb, respectively; but was later released when the Raja [[Narasingha Malla Deb]] attained majority. In this connection, it may be mentioned that in 1944–45, the then Vice-Roy of India agreed to recognize Jhargram as a feudatory state; but at that time, the whole of India was going through turmoil and was moving towards independence. The [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet mission]] came to negotiate with congress, the Muslim League, and other parties. The proposal for the feudatory status of Jhargram Raj has put aside then.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jhargrampalace.com/history.php|title=History of Jhargram|first=Jhargram|last=Palace|access-date=9 May 2019|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329185041/http://www.jhargrampalace.com/history.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
The rulers of Jhargram were benevolent and progressive, and they focused on the welfare of their subjects. Raja Raghunath Malla Deb studied FA in [[Scottish Church College]], and was the first-degree holder in the district. In 1899, he had established the first primary school in his kingdom. Raja was also an avid wrestler and was known for miraculous physical strength. His wrestling instruments are still kept in the Palace and Calcutta Museum.
Raja Sir [[Narasingha Malla Deb]], the last titular king of Jhargram, is considered the father of modern Jhargram. Educated at [[Midnapore Collegiate School]] and [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] in [[Calcutta]], he is conferred with OBE and KBE, granted the [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]], served as a member of the Legislative Council of Bengal from 1947 to 1952 and 1952–57, and also a member of Parliament-Lok Sabha in Congress from 1957 to 1962. He commissioned the new palace in 1931, which is one of the finest example of [[Indo Saracenic]] architecture and spread over 23 acres of land. During [[World War II]], Raja sahib constructed an airstrip in [[Dudhkundi Airfield|Dudhkundi]] for the [[United States Air Force]], apart also provided the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] with elephants, vehicles and other help.
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Palacejhargram.jpg|right|250px|thumb|The [[Jhargram Palace]]]] -->
 
Between 1922 and 1950 Prof. Debendra Mohan Battacharya was the administrator of Jhargram and that time is seen as a golden age. In those twenty-eight years, Jhargram developed into a township; and during this period, many educational institutions were established and developed. Kumud Kumari Institution (K.K.I), a premier institution of the sub-division, was founded in 1924. In 1925, an annual sports fund was created; which was to be used to encourage sports activities, and construct the football stadium and the Jhargram Club. Raja Narasingha Malla Deb established Jhargram Agricultural College, which was renamed Jhargram Raj College. He also established Vidyasagar Polytechnic, industrial training and gave funds to set up Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Girls High School and [[Bharat Sevashram Sangha]]. The royal family established and assisted in the running of all primary institutions for at risk people in the Jhargram estate. At the consent of the [[Governor]] of Bengal, he established a hospital at Jhargram town in the name of his late father, Chandi Charan Charitable Hospital. Later on in every [[tehsil]], a charitable hospital was established for primary treatment in the nearby villages. Raja established the Bani Bhaban, under the guidance of Lady Abala Bose, for rehabilitation of widows. He also donated land to the [[Roman Catholic Church]] of India and the Muslim community to build Nurrani Jama Masjid in Jhargram. In 1947, further land was acquired, and Jhargram Raj constructed buildings to develop a school, which was Rani Binode Manjuri Govt. Girls School; which is now one of the premier schools in [[Midnapore]] district.
 
Between 1928 and 1950, Sir Raja [[Narasingha Malla Deb]] donated to welfare causes and donated 10,000 [[bigha]]s of land to poor farmers in 1947, making him the single largest land donor in West Bengal.
<ref>{{cite news |title=Jhargram Estate|url=https://cbkwgl.wordpress.com/2014/05/19/jhargram-estate/ |publisher=WordPress.com |date=19 May 2014|access-date=1 December 2014}},</ref>
 
In 2020, after a 9-year decline, [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency|Maoist insurgents]] returned to Jhargram and experienced a major resurgence, with some speculating an imminent Maoist resurgence in West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/west-bengal/after-nine-years-maoist-squad-back-in-bengal-police-on-alert-2307621.html|title=After nine years, Maoist squad back in Bengal; police on alert|date=5 September 2020}}</ref>
 
==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As per the 2011 census, the total population of Jhargram municipality was 61,712 of which 30,876 were males and 30,836 were females.<ref name= "census">{{cite web| url = https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801756-jhargram-west-bengal.html | title=  Jhargram Town Population Census 2011 - 2023| work=  |publisher= Population Cesus | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
{{Historical populations
|1951 |7975
|1961 |13965
|1971 |19237
|1981 |26707
|1991 |
|2001 |
|2011 |61712
|footnote=
|source=[[Census of India]]<ref>{{cite journal|first=Pranab |last= Ganguly |first2=Suvas |last2=Bose |date=|title=Population Trends in Midnapore District, West Bengal, 1872–1981 |journal=Vidyasagar University: Journal of Social Sciences |others=Inaugural Number 1991–1992 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7661574/Population_Trends_in_Midnapore_District_West_Bengal_1872_1981 |publisher=Vidyasagar University |location=Midnapore |pages=1–13 }}</ref>}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Jhargram (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1= 89.21
|color1 =red
|label2= [[Santali language|Santali]]
|value2= 7.08
|color2= blue
|label3 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value3 = 3.03
|color3 =orange
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 0.68
|color4 =cyan
}}
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Jhargram had a population of 61,712. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Jhargram has an average literacy rate of 88.53%, higher than the national average of 76.26%: male literacy is 92.59%, and female literacy is 84.46%. In Jhargram, 8.72% of the population is under 6 years of age.
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Jhargram
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1='''Religion'''
|right1='''Percent'''
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|DarkOrange|94.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|1.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|dodgerblue|0.75}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|2.53}}
}}
Schedule Tribe (ST) constitutes 9.85% while Schedule Caste (SC) were 9.59% of total population in Jhargram.
 
==Police station==
Jhargram District Police Station has jurisdiction over [[Jhargram (community development block)|Jhargram]] CD Block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php  |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  |access-date = 20 November 2016  |url-status = usurped  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php  |archive-date = 29 July 2017  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | title = District at a Glance | publisher = Paschim Medinipur District Police | access-date = 20 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161027124602/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | archive-date = 27 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
 
==Economy==
The main economy of this area is business & cultivation. Some people are government employees, school teachers or employed in other private sectors. The financial status of most of the people is in the middle class category.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
 
==Education==
===General degree colleges===
*[[Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University]], Jitusol, Jhargram
*[[Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital]], Jhargram, [[WBUHS]].[[National Medical Commission|NMC]]
*[[Government General Degree College, Gopiballavpur-II]],Beliaberah, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*Jhargram Raj College, (Govt. College) under [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Rani Indira Debi Government Girls' College]] (Govt. College) under [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Seva Bharati Mahavidyalaya]], Kapgari, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Silda Chandra Sekhar College]], Silda Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Vivekananda Satavarshiki Mahavidyalaya]], Manikpara, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Subarnarekha Mahavidyalaya]], Gopiballavpur, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Lalgarh Government College]], Lalgarh, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Nayagram Pandit Raghunath Murmu Government College]], Nayagram, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Sankrail Anil Biswas Smriti Mahavidyalaya]], Kultikri, Sankrail, Jhargram District, [[Vidyasagar University]]
 
===Polytechnic colleges===
*[[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Polytechnic]]
*[[Industrial Training Institute]]
*[[Raja Ranajit Kishore Government Polytechnic]]
*Binpur 1 Government Industrial Training Institute
*Binpur-II Government Industrial Training Institute
*Government Industrial Training Institute Gopiballavpur-II
*Government Industrial Training Institute Sankrail
*Nayagram Govt. Industrial Training Institute
 
===[[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education|WBCHSE]] affiliated schools===
 
*Chhay Hazari High School (H.S)
*Ekalavya Residential School (H.S)
*Jhargram Asoke Vidyapith (H.S.)
*Jhargram Banitirtha High School (H.S)
*Jhargram Kumud Kumari Institution (H.S)
*Jhargram Netaji Adarsha High School (Hindi School)
*Jhargram Nanibala Balika Vidyalaya (H.S)
*Jhargram Lions Model School (H.S)
*Jhargram Nanibala Vidyalaya (H.S)
*Rani Benode Manjari Govt Girls School (H.S)
*Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Kanya Gurukul (H.S)
*Sevayatan Vidyalaya (H.S)
*Sevayatan Balika Vidyalaya (H.S)
*Boita Shri Gopal High School (H.S)
*Bandhgora Anchal Vidyalaya (H.S)
*Manikpara High School (H.S)
*Khalseuli High School (H.S)
*Dudhkundi Bapuji Sikshaytan (H.S)
*Gojasimul KCM High School (H.S)
*Jamboni Bani Vidyapith (H.S)
*Dubra Adarsha Vidyamandir (H.S)
*Barsole Vidyayatan (H.S)
*Gidhni Elokeshi High School (H.S)
*Damuria Jagadish Chandra Institution (H.S)
*Parihati Pragati Sangha High School (H.S)
*Ergoda Nityananda Vidyayatan (H.S)
*Joypur High School (H.S)
*Dahijuri Mahatma Vidyapith (H.S)
*Andharia Raj Ballav High School (H.S)
*Aulia High School (H.S)
*Binpur High School (H.S)
*Harda Ramkrishna High School (H.S)
*Silda Radha Charan Institution (H.S)
*Silda Shree Shree Saradamani Vidyapith (H.S)
*Murari High School (H.S)
*Sukjora Prabhasini Vidyapith (H.S)
*Bamundiha High School (H.S)
*Belpahari SC High School (H.S)
*Bhulaveda Jana Kalyan High School (H.S)
*Odalchua ST High School (H.S)
*Balichua High School (H.S)
*Banspahari KPSC High School (H.S)
*Ranarani Adibasi High School (H.S)
*Muraboni Netaji High School (H.S)
*Netai High School (H.S)
*Lalgarh Ramkrishna Vidyalaya (H.S)
*Ramgarh Mokshada Sundari High School (H.S)
*Kantapahari Vivekananda Vidyapith (H.S)
*Banpukhuria Ahladi High School (H.S)
*Dholkat Pukuria Pranabananda Vidyamandir (H.S)
*Birihandi Vidyapith High School(H.S)
*Chandri Chandra Sekhar High School (H.S)
*Ektal DM High School (H.S)
*Aguibani High School (H.S)
*Chichira High School (H.S)
*Tulibarh KS High School (H.S)
*Barunsole Benarasilal High School (H.S)
*Belda High School (H.S)
*Bahirgram KB High School (H.S)
*Kanimahuli High School (H.S)
*Tapsia Vidyasagar Sikshayatan (H.S)
*Beliaberah Krishnachandra Smriti High School (H.S)
*Kushmarh Tentulia High School (H.S)
*Mahapal High School (H.S)
*Patashimul SC High School (H.S)
*Kharbhandhi SC High School (H.S)
*Rantua High School (H.S)
*Malancha High School (H.S)
*Paik Ambi Nigamananda High School (H.S)
*Chorchita Choreswar High School (H.S)
*Boldi Nigamananda High School (H.S)
*Dhadangri High School (H.S)
*Panch Kahania High School (H.S)
*Ashui Pallimangal Vidyapith (H.S)
*Saria Tribe High School (H.S)
*Dhansole Adibasi High School (H.S)
*Babu Dumro High School (H.S)
*Chhatinasole SC High School (H.S)
*Basanda SC High School (H.S)
*Chamarbandh High School (H.S)
*Patina SC High School (H.S)
*Bachhurkhowar SC High School (H.S)
*Chandabila SC High school (H.S)
*Nayagram Thana Balika Vidyapith (H.S)
*Nayagram Bani Vidyapith (H.S)
*Kultikri SC High School (H.S)
*Kultikri Girls High School (H.S)
*Rohini Choudhurani Rukmini Devi High School (H.S)
*Ragra Raja Narasingha Malla Academy (H.S)
*Keshiapata GM High School (H.S)
*Pathra Jai Chandi SC High School (H.S)
*Dudhkundi SC High School (H.S)
*Andhari MBS High School (H.S)
*Petbindhi Dilip Kumar Memorial High School (H.S)
*Kuldiha Saradamoyee SC High School (H.S)
*Dhagari High School (H.S)
*Baradanga Sivaji High School (H.S)
 
===Other boards affiliated schools===
*Bikash Bharati Blooms Day School — CBSE
*West End High School, Jhargram — ICSE
*C. F. Andrews Memorial School
 
==Health==
Jhargram District Hospital and Jhargram Super Specialty Hospital are main public sector hospitals in Jhargram. A number of private clinics and nursing homes also operate.


It is estimated  that in 2023, the scheduled tribes formed 9.85% of the population and scheduled tribes formed 9.59%.<ref name= "census"/>
==Culture==
Jhargram is the golden treasury of tribal dances. Some of these tribal dances are on the verge of extinction. Chuang, Chang, [[Chhau dance|Chhou]], Dangrey, [[Jhumair]], Panta, Ranpa, Saharul, Tusu & Bhadu etc. is not only a mere experience of some masterpiece of human creative art, but a fascinating adventure through essential dimensions of a civilization, its collective priorities, the skills of their implementation and the philosophies that inform them.


The literacy rate of Jhargram town was 88.53%.<ref name= "census"/>
Besides the tribal culture, the regular Bengali festivals like [[Durga puja]], [[Saraswati puja]], [[Diwali]] and [[Kali puja]]s are well attended. Other common pujas in the worship of [[Shitala]], [[Jagaddhatri]], [[Holi]], [[Ratha Yatra]], [[Janmashtami]], [[Bheema]] Puja, etc. also takes place.


See also – [[List of cities in West Bengal by population]]
A lot of fairs and carnivals take place in Jhargram. The famous fairs in Jhargram are Jungle Mahal Utsav, Jhargram Mela & Yuva Utsav, Rong Maati Manush, Shrabani Mela, Baishakhi Mela, Milan Mela.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://citypincode.in/WEST_BENGAL/WEST_MIDNAPORE/Jhargram_PINCODE |title=Jhargram Pincode |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=2014-05-19 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519184814/http://www.citypincode.in/WEST_BENGAL/WEST_MIDNAPORE/Jhargram_PINCODE |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Transport==
==Transportation==
Jhargram town js 6&nbsp;km away from National Highway 6.<ref name= "admin"/>


The [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] was extended to Howrah in 1900, thereby placing [[Jhargram railway station]] on the railway map.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm| title = Indian Railway History timeline| last = R.P.Saxena| access-date = 17 July 2023| archive-url = https://archive.is/20120714085533/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm| archive-date = 14 July 2012| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all}}</ref>
===Air===
The nearest international airport is [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]] of [[Kolkata Airport|Kolkata]] 155&nbsp;km (by train) and 169&nbsp;km (by road — NH 6). [[Sonari Airport]] of [[Jamshedpur]] is located at a distance 96&nbsp;km by train. [[Ranchi Airport|Birsa Munda Airport]] of [[Ranchi]] is located at a distance of 233&nbsp;km (by road — NH 33) and 258&nbsp;km (by train).


==Tourism==
===Train===
Jhargram is surrounded green forests that attract tourists in large numbers. In and around the town the following attractions are there:<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.jhargramtourism.com/tourist-places.php  | title= Tourist Places | work= Jhargram |publisher= Jhargram Tourism | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
Jhargram is connected not only to larger cities in the region, but also to smaller towns and villages in the district. [[Jhargram railway station]] is on the [[Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line|Kharagpur-Tatanagar section]] of Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line, an express train route. The Jhargram railway station comes under [[South Eastern Railway (India)|South Eastern Railway]]. Jhargram is well connected by train to nearest big city like [[Kolkata]]/[[Howrah]] (155&nbsp;km), [[Midnapore]] (52&nbsp;km), [[Kharagpur]] (39&nbsp;km), [[Asansol]], [[Tatanagar]] (96&nbsp;km), [[Ranchi]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Rourkela]], [[Jharsuguda]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Cuttack]],[[Khurda]], [[Puri]], [[Bhilai]] and also [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] etc.
*[[Jhargram Palace]]  
*Savitri Temple
*Jungle Mahal Zoological Park
==Education==
The following institutions are located in Jhargram town:


'''University and Colleges'''
===Road===
*[[Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University of Jhargram]] was established in 2018 at Jitusol, Jhargram.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://srcmujhargram.ac.in/ | title= Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University of Jhargram | work= |publisher= SRCMU | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
Jhargram is also very well connected by highways it lies on [[AH46]] which is a part of the [[Asian Highway Network]] and also with other nearby cities like [[Medinipur]] (40&nbsp;km over Dherua - Medinipur Road), [[Kharagpur]] (46&nbsp;km over NH-6), [[Durgapur]] (156&nbsp;km over SH-9), [[Asansol]] (181&nbsp;km over NH-60 and SH-9), [[Bankura]] (114&nbsp;km over SH-9 and 5), [[Purulia]] (142&nbsp;km over SH-5), [[Haldia]] (150&nbsp;km over AH46 and NH41), [[Contai]] (144&nbsp;km over SH-5), [[Digha]] (165&nbsp;km over NH-60), [[Kolkata]]/[[Howrah]] (169&nbsp;km over [[AH46]]), [[Tatanagar]] (114&nbsp;km over NH-33), [[Baripada]] (99&nbsp;km over AH46 and NH-5),
*Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital was established in 2022.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/jhargram-government-medical-college-and-hospital-jhargram| title= Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital | work=  |publisher= Careers360 | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Jhargram Raj College]] was established in 1949.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/JhargramRajCollege/Jhargram_Raj_College.shtml |title = Jhargram Raj College  | publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Government General Degree College, established in 2015, offers courses in the science and arts streams.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.shiksha.com/college/government-general-degree-college-jhargram-196247 | title= Government General Degree Colleg  | work=  |publisher= Shiksha| access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Ishwar Chandra Chandra Vidysagar Polytechnic, established in 1957, offers diploma courses in engineering.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/ishwar-chandra-vidyasagar-polytechnic-jhargram?icn=college_page&ici=clg_12202_college_listing_tuple | title= Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Polytechnic, Jhargram | work=  |publisher= Careers 360 | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Purna Chandra College of Education was established in 2014.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.shiksha.com/college/purna-chandra-college-of-education-jhargram-123413 | title= Purna Chandra College of Education | work=  |publisher= Shikhsha | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Binoy Sadan B Ed  College was established in 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.shiksha.com/college/binoy-sadan-b-ed-college-jhargram-125133 | title= Binoy Sadan B Ed  College  | work=  |publisher= Shiksha| access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
'''Higher Secondary Schools'''
*Sri Ramakkrishna Girls’ School, established in 1948, is a Bengali medium girls only institution having facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 10,000 books and 16 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/paschim-medinipur/19203301106/sriramakrishna-s-g-s-u-pry.html | title= Sriramkrishna  | work= S.G.S. U. Pry. |publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Jhargram Block High School, established in 1960, is a Bengali medium coeducational institution, with facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 1,500 books and 13 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://schools.org.in/paschim-medinipur/19203301104/jhargram-b-h-s-u-pry.html  | title= Jhargram B. H.S. U.Pry. | work=  |publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Jhargram Nanibala Vidyamandir, established in 1960, is a Bengali medium girls only institution, with facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 2,500 books and 4 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/paschim-medinipur/19203300503/jhargram-n-v-b-u-pry.html | title= Jhargram N.V.B. U.Pry> | work=  |publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Asoke Vidya Mandir, established in 1962, is Bengali medium coeducational school, with facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 3,600 books and 8 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/paschim-medinipur/19203300102/asoke-v-h-s-u-pry.html | title= Asoke V. H.S. U.Pry. | work=  |publisher=Schools.org | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Jhargram N.A. High School, established in 1967, is a Bengali medium coeducational institution, with facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a playground, a library and 15 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/paschim-medinipur/19203300803/jhargram-n-a-h-s-u-pry.html | title= Jhargram N.A. H.S. U.Pry. | work=  |publisher= Schools.org | access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
*Ekalavya Model Residential Government School, established in 2002, is a Bengali medium co-educational institution, with facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII. The school has a playground, a library and 16 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://schools.org.in/paschim-medinipur/19203301110/ekalavya-model-resi-govt-school.html  | title= Ekalavya Model Resi Govt. School | work=  |publisher= Schools.org| access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>


==Healthcare==
===Local transportation===
The major Government medical facilities in the city are:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Directory_Medical_Inst.pdf | title= Directory of Medical Institutions: West Bengal (as on 31 March 2018| work= Jhargram, page 77 |publisher= Directorate of Health Services, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 July  2023}}</ref>
For local transportation buses, taxis, minibuses, [[auto rickshaw]]s, [[cycle rickshaw]]s, and [[electric rickshaw]]s are available.
*Jhargram District Hospital has 300 beds.
* Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital.(for links please see Education above).


==Politics==  
==Notable people==
[[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]]) and [[Jhargram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] serve Jhargram.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title= Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006| work=  |publisher= Delimitation Commission | access-date = 14 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://birbhum.gov.in/constituencies/ | title= Birbhum | work= About District-Constituencies |publisher= Government of West Bengal| access-date = 17 July 2023}}</ref>
<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->
* [[Byomkes Chakrabarti]]
* [[Narasingha Malla Deb]]
* [[Ruby Hembram]]
* [[Nitish Sengupta]]
* [[Jaydeep Sarangi]]
* [[Kherwal Soren]]
* [[Suryakant Tripathi]]
* Rocky Rupkumar Patra, a renowned film actor and director.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/nasha-jurm-and-gangster-actor-director-rocky-rupkumar-patra-inspiring-journey-6048179 | title=नशा जुर्म और गैंगस्टर्स के एक्टर-डायरेक्टर रॉकी रूपकुमार पात्रा की जर्नी है इंस्पायरिंग }}</ref>
* Rajkumar Patra, a renowned Bengali film actor and producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title=Tollywood: 'আমায় কুপ্রস্তাবও দিয়েছেন ইন্ডাস্ট্রির কিছুজন' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/tollywood-actor-rajkumar-patra-talks-about-his-struggle-and-how-he-faced-casting-couch-in-industry_465946.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Zee24Ghanta |language=Bengali |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005195707/https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/tollywood-actor-rajkumar-patra-talks-about-his-struggle-and-how-he-faced-casting-couch-in-industry_465946.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
* [http://www.textjournal.com.au/speciss/issue60/Sarangi&Strange.pdf]
{{Wikivoyage}}
*{{Official website|http://www.jhargrammunicipality.org/}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Jhargram District}}
{{Jhargram District}}
{{West Bengal}}
{{Jhargram topics}}


[[Category:History of Bengal]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jhargram district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jhargram district]]
[[Category:Planned cities in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]

Revision as of 17:25, 4 March 2026

Template:Mcn

Jhargram
City
Location in West Bengal, India
Jhargram is located in India
Jhargram
Jhargram
Jhargram (India)
Coordinates: 22°27′N 86°59′E / 22.45°N 86.98°E / 22.45; 86.98
CountryIndia
StateWest Bengal
DistrictJhargram
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • BodyJhargram Municipality
Area
[1]
 • Total21.40 km2 (8.26 sq mi)
Elevation
81 m (266 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total61,682
 • Density2,900/km2 (7,500/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
 • Major local languageSantali, Mundari, Kudmali
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
721507
Telephone code03221
Vehicle registrationWB-49,50 (previously 33,34)
Lok Sabha constituencyJhargram
Vidhan Sabha constituencyJhargram
Websitewww.jhargrammunicipality.org

Jhargram is a city [2] and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jhargram district.[3] It is a popular tourist destination known for its dense forests, ancient temples and royal palaces.

Geography

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Location

Jhargram is located at 22°27′N 86°59′E / 22.45°N 86.98°E / 22.45; 86.98.[4] It has an average elevation of 81 metres (265 feet). The weather, like much of Bengal, is extremely humid and tropical. Temperatures can reach as high as 46 °C in the hot and dry months of May and June but can plummet to 4 °C in the chilly nights of December and January.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

History

Legend says that around 1592 CE, Man Singh of Amber had come to conquer Bengal on behest of Mughal Emperor Akbar from Rajputana (Rajasthan) to expand the Mughal Empire to Eastern India. He appointed one of his loyal officers in the army, Sarveshwar Singh, to defeat the local rulers of the region known as Junglekhand. This area is also mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari as Jhari-khanda, and it was populated by the Santhal, Munda, Bhumij, Kudmi Mahato and Lodha people groups. The area belonged to the Mal Raja.

The first fortress was supposed to have existed in Old Jhargram, but the ruins of the fortress are said to have gone underground due to some unknown reasons. The name of state capital, Jhargram, means a forest village which is surrounded by walls and canals. It was known as Ugal in the local language. Even today, the day after Durga Ashtami, the four corners (Ugals) are worshiped for the protection of the erstwhile kingdom. The man who was the hero or bull within the surrounded wall and canal were called Ugal Sanda. As such, the full name of the Raja of the State was known as Raja Sarveshwar Malla Ugal Sanda Deb, and the title has been continued up to Raja Narasingha Malla Ugal Sanda Deb.

During the Maratha invasion of Bengal between 1741 and 1751, the king of Jhargram Raja Man Govind Malla Dev joined his armed forces with the Raja of Bishnupur and the Nawab of Bengal to fight a war against them, and they were victorious. Jhargram remained an independent kingdom until 1767, when The East India Company, led by Robert Clive, came from Midnapore, via Radhanagar to capture the Jhargram fort. Raja Shyam Sundar Malla Dev the then king of Jhargram worked on to check the advances of the British by allying with the Raja of Dhalbhumgarh, he took part in the Chuar Rebellion to protect his independent status. He defeated Colonel Fergusson at Dudhkundi near Kharagpur in 1791 when the East India Company tried to enter Jhargram. Fergusson's forces, consisting of 100 Europeans, 300 cavalry, 1400 sepoys and 10 field pieces, was the standard size of the colonial armies. But the second time the joint forces were defeated at Radhanagar by the British army in 1793, ending thereby the last hurdle to the colonial conquest of Bengal, hence the treaty of Midnapore confirmed the surrender of Jhargram and Dhalbhum to the British. But soon the British Governor of Bengal endorsed his stature, the kingdom was then recognized as a Zamindari estate under the law of primogeniture, and the ruler was given the title of Raja. Jhargram fell twice into the Court of Wards, after the death of Raja Raghunath Malla Ugal Sanda Deb and Raja Chandi Charan Malla Ugal Sanda Deb, respectively; but was later released when the Raja Narasingha Malla Deb attained majority. In this connection, it may be mentioned that in 1944–45, the then Vice-Roy of India agreed to recognize Jhargram as a feudatory state; but at that time, the whole of India was going through turmoil and was moving towards independence. The Cabinet mission came to negotiate with congress, the Muslim League, and other parties. The proposal for the feudatory status of Jhargram Raj has put aside then.[5]

The rulers of Jhargram were benevolent and progressive, and they focused on the welfare of their subjects. Raja Raghunath Malla Deb studied FA in Scottish Church College, and was the first-degree holder in the district. In 1899, he had established the first primary school in his kingdom. Raja was also an avid wrestler and was known for miraculous physical strength. His wrestling instruments are still kept in the Palace and Calcutta Museum. Raja Sir Narasingha Malla Deb, the last titular king of Jhargram, is considered the father of modern Jhargram. Educated at Midnapore Collegiate School and Presidency College in Calcutta, he is conferred with OBE and KBE, granted the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal, served as a member of the Legislative Council of Bengal from 1947 to 1952 and 1952–57, and also a member of Parliament-Lok Sabha in Congress from 1957 to 1962. He commissioned the new palace in 1931, which is one of the finest example of Indo Saracenic architecture and spread over 23 acres of land. During World War II, Raja sahib constructed an airstrip in Dudhkundi for the United States Air Force, apart also provided the Allied forces with elephants, vehicles and other help.

Between 1922 and 1950 Prof. Debendra Mohan Battacharya was the administrator of Jhargram and that time is seen as a golden age. In those twenty-eight years, Jhargram developed into a township; and during this period, many educational institutions were established and developed. Kumud Kumari Institution (K.K.I), a premier institution of the sub-division, was founded in 1924. In 1925, an annual sports fund was created; which was to be used to encourage sports activities, and construct the football stadium and the Jhargram Club. Raja Narasingha Malla Deb established Jhargram Agricultural College, which was renamed Jhargram Raj College. He also established Vidyasagar Polytechnic, industrial training and gave funds to set up Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Girls High School and Bharat Sevashram Sangha. The royal family established and assisted in the running of all primary institutions for at risk people in the Jhargram estate. At the consent of the Governor of Bengal, he established a hospital at Jhargram town in the name of his late father, Chandi Charan Charitable Hospital. Later on in every tehsil, a charitable hospital was established for primary treatment in the nearby villages. Raja established the Bani Bhaban, under the guidance of Lady Abala Bose, for rehabilitation of widows. He also donated land to the Roman Catholic Church of India and the Muslim community to build Nurrani Jama Masjid in Jhargram. In 1947, further land was acquired, and Jhargram Raj constructed buildings to develop a school, which was Rani Binode Manjuri Govt. Girls School; which is now one of the premier schools in Midnapore district.

Between 1928 and 1950, Sir Raja Narasingha Malla Deb donated to welfare causes and donated 10,000 bighas of land to poor farmers in 1947, making him the single largest land donor in West Bengal. [6]

In 2020, after a 9-year decline, Maoist insurgents returned to Jhargram and experienced a major resurgence, with some speculating an imminent Maoist resurgence in West Bengal.[7]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1951 7,975—    
1961 13,965+75.1%
1971 19,237+37.8%
1981 26,707+38.8%
1991 —    
2001 —    
2011 61,712—    
Source: Census of India[8]

Languages spoken in Jhargram (2011)[9]

  Bengali (89.21%)
  Santali (7.08%)
  Hindi (3.03%)
  Others (0.68%)

As of 2011 India census, Jhargram had a population of 61,712. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Jhargram has an average literacy rate of 88.53%, higher than the national average of 76.26%: male literacy is 92.59%, and female literacy is 84.46%. In Jhargram, 8.72% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Religions in Jhargram
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 94.72%
Muslims
 
 1.66%
Christians
 
 0.75%
Others
 
 2.53%

Schedule Tribe (ST) constitutes 9.85% while Schedule Caste (SC) were 9.59% of total population in Jhargram.

Police station

Jhargram District Police Station has jurisdiction over Jhargram CD Block.[10][11]

Economy

The main economy of this area is business & cultivation. Some people are government employees, school teachers or employed in other private sectors. The financial status of most of the people is in the middle class category.[citation needed]

Education

General degree colleges

Polytechnic colleges

WBCHSE affiliated schools

  • Chhay Hazari High School (H.S)
  • Ekalavya Residential School (H.S)
  • Jhargram Asoke Vidyapith (H.S.)
  • Jhargram Banitirtha High School (H.S)
  • Jhargram Kumud Kumari Institution (H.S)
  • Jhargram Netaji Adarsha High School (Hindi School)
  • Jhargram Nanibala Balika Vidyalaya (H.S)
  • Jhargram Lions Model School (H.S)
  • Jhargram Nanibala Vidyalaya (H.S)
  • Rani Benode Manjari Govt Girls School (H.S)
  • Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Kanya Gurukul (H.S)
  • Sevayatan Vidyalaya (H.S)
  • Sevayatan Balika Vidyalaya (H.S)
  • Boita Shri Gopal High School (H.S)
  • Bandhgora Anchal Vidyalaya (H.S)
  • Manikpara High School (H.S)
  • Khalseuli High School (H.S)
  • Dudhkundi Bapuji Sikshaytan (H.S)
  • Gojasimul KCM High School (H.S)
  • Jamboni Bani Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Dubra Adarsha Vidyamandir (H.S)
  • Barsole Vidyayatan (H.S)
  • Gidhni Elokeshi High School (H.S)
  • Damuria Jagadish Chandra Institution (H.S)
  • Parihati Pragati Sangha High School (H.S)
  • Ergoda Nityananda Vidyayatan (H.S)
  • Joypur High School (H.S)
  • Dahijuri Mahatma Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Andharia Raj Ballav High School (H.S)
  • Aulia High School (H.S)
  • Binpur High School (H.S)
  • Harda Ramkrishna High School (H.S)
  • Silda Radha Charan Institution (H.S)
  • Silda Shree Shree Saradamani Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Murari High School (H.S)
  • Sukjora Prabhasini Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Bamundiha High School (H.S)
  • Belpahari SC High School (H.S)
  • Bhulaveda Jana Kalyan High School (H.S)
  • Odalchua ST High School (H.S)
  • Balichua High School (H.S)
  • Banspahari KPSC High School (H.S)
  • Ranarani Adibasi High School (H.S)
  • Muraboni Netaji High School (H.S)
  • Netai High School (H.S)
  • Lalgarh Ramkrishna Vidyalaya (H.S)
  • Ramgarh Mokshada Sundari High School (H.S)
  • Kantapahari Vivekananda Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Banpukhuria Ahladi High School (H.S)
  • Dholkat Pukuria Pranabananda Vidyamandir (H.S)
  • Birihandi Vidyapith High School(H.S)
  • Chandri Chandra Sekhar High School (H.S)
  • Ektal DM High School (H.S)
  • Aguibani High School (H.S)
  • Chichira High School (H.S)
  • Tulibarh KS High School (H.S)
  • Barunsole Benarasilal High School (H.S)
  • Belda High School (H.S)
  • Bahirgram KB High School (H.S)
  • Kanimahuli High School (H.S)
  • Tapsia Vidyasagar Sikshayatan (H.S)
  • Beliaberah Krishnachandra Smriti High School (H.S)
  • Kushmarh Tentulia High School (H.S)
  • Mahapal High School (H.S)
  • Patashimul SC High School (H.S)
  • Kharbhandhi SC High School (H.S)
  • Rantua High School (H.S)
  • Malancha High School (H.S)
  • Paik Ambi Nigamananda High School (H.S)
  • Chorchita Choreswar High School (H.S)
  • Boldi Nigamananda High School (H.S)
  • Dhadangri High School (H.S)
  • Panch Kahania High School (H.S)
  • Ashui Pallimangal Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Saria Tribe High School (H.S)
  • Dhansole Adibasi High School (H.S)
  • Babu Dumro High School (H.S)
  • Chhatinasole SC High School (H.S)
  • Basanda SC High School (H.S)
  • Chamarbandh High School (H.S)
  • Patina SC High School (H.S)
  • Bachhurkhowar SC High School (H.S)
  • Chandabila SC High school (H.S)
  • Nayagram Thana Balika Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Nayagram Bani Vidyapith (H.S)
  • Kultikri SC High School (H.S)
  • Kultikri Girls High School (H.S)
  • Rohini Choudhurani Rukmini Devi High School (H.S)
  • Ragra Raja Narasingha Malla Academy (H.S)
  • Keshiapata GM High School (H.S)
  • Pathra Jai Chandi SC High School (H.S)
  • Dudhkundi SC High School (H.S)
  • Andhari MBS High School (H.S)
  • Petbindhi Dilip Kumar Memorial High School (H.S)
  • Kuldiha Saradamoyee SC High School (H.S)
  • Dhagari High School (H.S)
  • Baradanga Sivaji High School (H.S)

Other boards affiliated schools

  • Bikash Bharati Blooms Day School — CBSE
  • West End High School, Jhargram — ICSE
  • C. F. Andrews Memorial School

Health

Jhargram District Hospital and Jhargram Super Specialty Hospital are main public sector hospitals in Jhargram. A number of private clinics and nursing homes also operate.

Culture

Jhargram is the golden treasury of tribal dances. Some of these tribal dances are on the verge of extinction. Chuang, Chang, Chhou, Dangrey, Jhumair, Panta, Ranpa, Saharul, Tusu & Bhadu etc. is not only a mere experience of some masterpiece of human creative art, but a fascinating adventure through essential dimensions of a civilization, its collective priorities, the skills of their implementation and the philosophies that inform them.

Besides the tribal culture, the regular Bengali festivals like Durga puja, Saraswati puja, Diwali and Kali pujas are well attended. Other common pujas in the worship of Shitala, Jagaddhatri, Holi, Ratha Yatra, Janmashtami, Bheema Puja, etc. also takes place.

A lot of fairs and carnivals take place in Jhargram. The famous fairs in Jhargram are Jungle Mahal Utsav, Jhargram Mela & Yuva Utsav, Rong Maati Manush, Shrabani Mela, Baishakhi Mela, Milan Mela.[12]

Transportation

Air

The nearest international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport of Kolkata 155 km (by train) and 169 km (by road — NH 6). Sonari Airport of Jamshedpur is located at a distance 96 km by train. Birsa Munda Airport of Ranchi is located at a distance of 233 km (by road — NH 33) and 258 km (by train).

Train

Jhargram is connected not only to larger cities in the region, but also to smaller towns and villages in the district. Jhargram railway station is on the Kharagpur-Tatanagar section of Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line, an express train route. The Jhargram railway station comes under South Eastern Railway. Jhargram is well connected by train to nearest big city like Kolkata/Howrah (155 km), Midnapore (52 km), Kharagpur (39 km), Asansol, Tatanagar (96 km), Ranchi, Dhanbad, Rourkela, Jharsuguda, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack,Khurda, Puri, Bhilai and also Delhi, Mumbai etc.

Road

Jhargram is also very well connected by highways it lies on AH46 which is a part of the Asian Highway Network and also with other nearby cities like Medinipur (40 km over Dherua - Medinipur Road), Kharagpur (46 km over NH-6), Durgapur (156 km over SH-9), Asansol (181 km over NH-60 and SH-9), Bankura (114 km over SH-9 and 5), Purulia (142 km over SH-5), Haldia (150 km over AH46 and NH41), Contai (144 km over SH-5), Digha (165 km over NH-60), Kolkata/Howrah (169 km over AH46), Tatanagar (114 km over NH-33), Baripada (99 km over AH46 and NH-5),

Local transportation

For local transportation buses, taxis, minibuses, auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws, and electric rickshaws are available.

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "About Us - JHARGRAM MUNICIPALITY". www.jhargrammunicipality.org. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  2. ↑ Rathore, Abhinay (18 May 1956). "Jhargram (Zamindari)". Rajput Provinces of India.
  3. ↑ "Jhargram to be state's 22nd district on April 4". Millennium Post. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  4. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jhargram, India". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  5. ↑ Palace, Jhargram. "History of Jhargram". Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "Jhargram Estate". WordPress.com. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.,
  7. ↑ "After nine years, Maoist squad back in Bengal; police on alert". 5 September 2020.
  8. ↑ Ganguly, Pranab; Bose, Suvas. "Population Trends in Midnapore District, West Bengal, 1872–1981". Vidyasagar University: Journal of Social Sciences. Inaugural Number 1991–1992. Midnapore: Vidyasagar University: 1–13.
  9. ↑ 2011 census data censusindia.gov.in
  10. ↑ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  11. ↑ "District at a Glance". Paschim Medinipur District Police. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  12. ↑ "Jhargram Pincode". citypincode.in. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  13. ↑ "नशा जुर्म और गैंगस्टर्स के एक्टर-डायरेक्टर रॉकी रूपकुमार पात्रा की जर्नी है इंस्पायरिंग".
  14. ↑ "Tollywood: 'আমায় কুপ্রস্তাবও দিয়েছেন ইন্ডাস্ট্রির কিছুজন'". Zee24Ghanta (in Bengali). 5 April 2023. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2024.

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