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Chandrayaan-3: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Ongoing Indian lunar lander mission}} | {{Short description|Ongoing Indian lunar lander mission}} | ||
{{Lead extra info|date=August 2023}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} | ||
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| name = Chandrayaan-3 | | name = Chandrayaan-3 | ||
| image = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in clean-room 02.webp | | image = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in clean-room 02.webp | ||
| image_caption = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in [[cleanroom]] | | image_caption = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in a [[cleanroom]] | ||
| mission_type = {{hlist|[[Lunar lander|Lander]]|[[Lunar rover|Rover]]}} | | mission_type = {{hlist|[[Lunar lander|Lander]]|[[Lunar rover|Rover]]}} | ||
| operator = [[ISRO]] | | operator = [[ISRO]] | ||
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| payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148 kg<br />Lander Module (Vikram): 1726 kg<br />Rover (Pragyan) 26 kg <br />Total: 3900 kg | | payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148 kg<br />Lander Module (Vikram): 1726 kg<br />Rover (Pragyan) 26 kg <br />Total: 3900 kg | ||
| dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | | dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | ||
| power = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/>Lander Module: 738 W< | | power = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/>Lander Module: 738 W <small>(WS with Bias)</small><br/>Rover: 50 W | ||
| launch_date = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} | | launch_date = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} 09:05:17 UTC<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> | ||
| launch_rocket = [[LVM3]] M4 | | launch_rocket = [[LVM3]] M4 | ||
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] | | launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] | ||
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| object = Moon | | object = Moon | ||
| component = Vikram lander | | component = Vikram lander | ||
| arrival_date = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} | | arrival_date = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 12:32 [[UTC]]<ref name="sn-20230823">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=23 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: India becomes fourth country to land on the moon |url=https://spacenews.com/chandrayaan-3-india-becomes-fourth-country-to-land-on-the-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823130648/https://spacenews.com/chandrayaan-3-india-becomes-fourth-country-to-land-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=SpaceNews.com}}</ref> | ||
| location = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}}<ref name="Landing | | location = [[Shivshakti Point]] | ||
{{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}}<ref name="Landing Site">{{Cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623133254/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |archive-date=23 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref> | |||
<br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=Physicsworld}}</ref> | <br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=Physicsworld}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| type = rover | | type = rover | ||
| object = Moon | | object = Moon | ||
| component = | | component = | ||
| arrival_date = 23 August 2023 | | arrival_date = 23 August 2023 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| insignia = Chandrayaan-3 logo.png | | insignia = Chandrayaan-3 logo.png | ||
| insignia_caption = | | insignia_caption = | ||
| Line 57: | Line 58: | ||
| next_mission = [[Lunar Polar Exploration Mission|LUPEX]] | | next_mission = [[Lunar Polar Exploration Mission|LUPEX]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023. The lander | '''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{IPA-en|ˌtʃʌndɹəˈjɑːn|lang}}, {{IPA-hi|t͡ʃən̪d̪rəjaːn̪|lang|Chandrayaan.ogg}}) is the third Indian [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission under the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation's]] (ISRO) [[Chandrayaan programme]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Hari |last2=Travelli |first2=Alex |last3=Mashal |first3=Mujib |last4=Chang |first4=Kenneth |date=2023-08-23 |title=India Moon Landing: In Latest Moon Race, India Lands First in Southern Polar Region |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/23/science/india-moon-landing-chandrayaan-3 |access-date=2023-08-26 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> It consists of a lander named [[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|''Vikram'']] and a rover named ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]],'' similar to those of the [[Chandrayaan-2]] mission. The propulsion module carried the lander and rover configuration to lunar orbit in preparation for a powered descent by the lander.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119155006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on 5 August, and the lander touched down in the [[lunar south pole]] region<ref name=":5" /> on 23 August 2023 at 12:32 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]], making India the fourth country to successfully [[moon landing|land on the Moon]], and the first to do so near the lunar south pole.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjay |date=23 August 2023 |title=India makes history by landing spacecraft near Moon's south pole |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/india-makes-history-landing-spacecraft-near-moon-s-south-pole |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824120354/https://www.science.org/content/article/india-makes-history-landing-spacecraft-near-moon-s-south-pole |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Science.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on 14 July, lunar landing on 23 or 24 August |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711031538/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |archive-date=11 July 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=India lands spacecraft near south pole of moon in historic first |language=en-IN |work=The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/science/2023/aug/23/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823031538/https://amp.theguardian.com/science/2023/aug/23/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref> Congratulating the ISRO team behind the successful Chandrayaan-3 Moon Mission at [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] in Bengaluru, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] announced that the touchdown point of the Vikram lander would henceforth be known as the ‘[[Shivshakti Point]]'.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title=Modi in Bengaluru Live Updates: Touchdown point of Vikram lander will be known as 'Shivshakti', says PM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-live-news-updates-traffic-weather-isro-chandrayaan-8908491/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He further declared August 23, the day the Vikram lander descended on the moon, as [[National Space Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=PM Modi announces August 23 as 'National Space Day', lauds Isro scientists |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-declares-august-23-as-national-space-day-chandrayaan-3-lands-successfully-on-moon-s-south-pole-101693025185154.html |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
{{Further|Chandrayaan programme}} | {{Further|Chandrayaan programme}}On 22 July 2019, ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM3|Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an [[orbiter]], a [[Lander (spacecraft)|lander]] and a [[Rover (space exploration)|rover]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-21 |title=Chandrayaan-2: India launches second Moon mission |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49032603 |access-date=2023-08-25 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822092132/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49032603 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lander was scheduled to touch down on the lunar surface on 6 September 2019 to deploy the [[Pragyan (rover)|''Pragyan'' rover]]. The lander ultimately crashed when it lost contact with earth (ISRO) and deviated from its intended trajectory while attempting to land near the lunar south pole.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India has found its Vikram lander after it crashed into the moon's surface |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/09/06/133128/india-s-chandrayaan-2-lander-likely-crashed-into-the-moons-surface/ |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411092539/https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/09/06/133128/india-s-chandrayaan-2-lander-likely-crashed-into-the-moons-surface/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |date=2019-09-10 |title=Did India's Chandrayaan-2 Moon Lander Survive? The Chances Are Slim |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/science/india-chandrayaan-2-vikram.html |access-date=2023-08-25 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911162003/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/science/india-chandrayaan-2-vikram.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
On 22 July 2019, ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM3|Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an [[orbiter]], a [[Lander (spacecraft)|lander]] and a [[Rover (space exploration)|rover]].<ref>{{Cite news |date= | |||
The lunar South Pole region holds particular interest for scientific exploration due to studies that show large amounts of ice there. Mountainous terrain and unpredictable lighting conditions not only protect the ice from melting, but also make landing scientific probes there a challenging undertaking. This ice could contain solid-state compounds that would normally melt under warmer conditions elsewhere on the Moon, compounds which could provide insight into lunar, Earth, and Solar System history. Ice could also be used as a source of drinking water and hydrogen for fuel and oxygen for future manned missions and outposts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahoney |first=Erin |date=2022-08-17 |title=Moon's South Pole is Full of Mystery, Science, Intrigue |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/moons-south-pole-is-full-of-mystery-science-intrigue |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=NASA |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823195759/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/moons-south-pole-is-full-of-mystery-science-intrigue/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Explainer: Why are countries racing to the moon's heavily cratered south pole? |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/science/why-are-countries-racing-moons-heavily-cratered-south-pole-2023-08-23/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824184917/https://www.reuters.com/science/why-are-countries-racing-moons-heavily-cratered-south-pole-2023-08-23/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The [[ESTRACK|European Space Tracking network]] (ESTRACK), operated by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA), is supporting the mission. Under a new cross-support arrangement, ESA tracking support could be provided for upcoming ISRO missions such as those of India's first human spaceflight programme, [[Gaganyaan]], and the [[Aditya-L1]] solar research mission. In return, future ESA missions will receive similar support from ISRO's own tracking stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESA and Indian space agency ISRO agree on future cooperation |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321160634/https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation |archive-date=21 March 2022 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> | The [[ESTRACK|European Space Tracking network]] (ESTRACK), operated by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA), is supporting the mission. Under a new cross-support arrangement, ESA tracking support could be provided for upcoming ISRO missions such as those of India's first human spaceflight programme, [[Gaganyaan]], and the [[Aditya-L1]] solar research mission. In return, future ESA missions will receive similar support from ISRO's own tracking stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESA and Indian space agency ISRO agree on future cooperation |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321160634/https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation |archive-date=21 March 2022 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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=== Design === | === Design === | ||
Chandrayaan-3 | Chandrayaan-3 comprises three main components: | ||
;Propulsion module | ;Propulsion module | ||
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;Lander | ;Lander | ||
:The ''[[Vikram | :The ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander is responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters capable of producing 800 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]] of thrust each. It carries the rover and various scientific instruments to perform on-site analysis.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Jatan |title=Chandrayaan-3 Makes Historic Touchdown on the Moon |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031414/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 in its last leg of journey to moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/video/chandrayaan-3-in-its-last-leg-of-journey-to-moon-2423766-2023-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821051212/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/video/chandrayaan-3-in-its-last-leg-of-journey-to-moon-2423766-2023-08-20 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> | ||
:The lander for Chandrayaan-3 has four variable-thrust engines with [[Slew (spacecraft)|slew rate]] changing capabilities, unlike Chandrayaan-2's lander, which had five, with the fifth one being centrally mounted and capable only of fixed thrust. One of the main reasons for Chandrayaan-2 landing failure | :The lander for Chandrayaan-3 has four variable-thrust engines with [[Slew (spacecraft)|slew rate]] changing capabilities, unlike Chandrayaan-2's lander, which had five, with the fifth one being centrally mounted and capable only of fixed thrust. One of the main reasons for Chandrayaan-2's landing failure was [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude]] increase during the camera coasting phase. This was removed by allowing the lander to control attitude and thrust during all phases of descent. Attitude correction rate is increased from Chandrayaan-2's 10°/s to 25°/s with Chandrayaan-3. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander is equipped with a [[Laser Doppler velocimetry|Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)]] to allow measuring attitude in 3 directions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=19 November 2019 |title=Chandrayaan-3 plans indicate failures in Chandrayaan-2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-plans-indicate-failures-in-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/72128771.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121090445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-plans-indicate-failures-in-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/72128771.cms |archive-date=21 November 2019}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=After 4 Years, ISRO Reveals Why Chandrayaan 2 FAILED |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oUdD_QSgRs |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810172742/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oUdD_QSgRs&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2023}}</ref> The impact legs have been made stronger compared to Chandrayaan-2 and instrumentation redundancy has been improved. It will target a more precise {{cvt|4|km}} by {{cvt|4|km}} landing region based on images previously provided by the Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) onboard Chandrayaan-2's orbiter. ISRO improved the structural rigidity, increased polling in instruments, increased data frequency and transmission, and added additional multiple contingency systems to improve lander survivability in the event of failures during descent and landing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shaurya |date=21 October 2022 |title=Chandrayaan-3 To Be More Robust, Have Contingency Systems Onboard, Says ISRO Chief |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/chandrayaan-3-to-be-more-robust-have-contingency-systems-onboard-says-isro-chief-6216451.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022080431/https://www.news18.com/news/tech/chandrayaan-3-to-be-more-robust-have-contingency-systems-onboard-says-isro-chief-6216451.html |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=22 October 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | ||
;Rover | ;Rover | ||
:The ''Pragyan'' rover is a six-wheeled vehicle with a mass of {{convert|26|kg|lb|abbr=off}}. It is {{convert|917|mm|ft}} x {{convert|750|mm|ft}} x {{convert|397|mm|ft}} in size.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3#:~:text=The%20Pragyan%20(Sanskrit%20for%20%22wisdom,lander%20via%20Rx/Tx%20antennas. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3#:~:text=The%20Pragyan%20(Sanskrit%20for%20%22wisdom,lander%20via%20Rx/Tx%20antennas. |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref> | :The ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover is a six-wheeled vehicle with a mass of {{convert|26|kg|lb|abbr=off}}. It is {{convert|917|mm|ft}} x {{convert|750|mm|ft}} x {{convert|397|mm|ft}} in size.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3#:~:text=The%20Pragyan%20(Sanskrit%20for%20%22wisdom,lander%20via%20Rx/Tx%20antennas. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3#:~:text=The%20Pragyan%20(Sanskrit%20for%20%22wisdom,lander%20via%20Rx/Tx%20antennas. |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref> | ||
:The rover is expected to take multiple measurements to support research into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in the lunar soil, the history of lunar impacts, and the evolution of the Moon's atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=16 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 highlights: Lander Vikram will be 30 km away from Moon today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819200245/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sharmila Kuthunur |date=23 August 2023 |title=India on the moon! Chandrayaan-3 becomes 1st probe to land near lunar south pole |url=https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823150626/https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> | :The rover is expected to take multiple measurements to support research into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in the lunar soil, the history of lunar impacts, and the evolution of the Moon's atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=16 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 highlights: Lander Vikram will be 30 km away from Moon today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819200245/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sharmila Kuthunur |date=23 August 2023 |title=India on the moon! Chandrayaan-3 becomes 1st probe to land near lunar south pole |url=https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823150626/https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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'''Rover''' | '''Rover''' | ||
* Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) will derive the chemical composition and infer the mineralogical composition of the lunar surface. | * [[Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer|Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer]] (APXS) will derive the chemical composition and infer the mineralogical composition of the lunar surface. | ||
* Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) will determine the elemental composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe) of lunar soil and rocks around the lunar landing site.<ref name="auto" /> | * [[Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)]] will determine the elemental composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe) of lunar soil and rocks around the lunar landing site.<ref name="auto" /> | ||
'''Propulsion module''' | '''Propulsion module''' | ||
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=== Launch === | === Launch === | ||
[[File:LVM3 M4, Chandrayaan-3 - Launch vehicle lifting off from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota 03.webp|thumb|LVM3 M4, Chandrayaan-3 – Launch vehicle lifting off from the second launch pad of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota|366x366px]] | [[File:LVM3 M4, Chandrayaan-3 - Launch vehicle lifting off from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota 03.webp|thumb|LVM3 M4, Chandrayaan-3 – Launch vehicle lifting off from the second launch pad of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota|366x366px]] | ||
Chandrayaan-3 was launched aboard an [[LVM3]]-M4 rocket on 14 July 2023, at | Chandrayaan-3 was launched aboard an [[LVM3]]-M4 rocket on 14 July 2023, at 09:05 UTC from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] [[Second Launch Pad]] in [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, entering an Earth [[parking orbit]] with a perigee of {{convert|170|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and an apogee of {{convert|36,500|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. | ||
=== Orbit === | === Orbit === | ||
After a series of manoeuvres that placed Chandrayaan-3 in a [[trans-lunar injection]] orbit,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission takes off with a successful launch as rocket hoists lunar lander and rover – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822120100/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India launches its Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing mission |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/india-launches-its-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817095213/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/india-launches-its-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=SpaceFlight Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 update: Isro to fire up engines, put spacecraft on road to moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-update-isro-to-conduct-trans-lunar-injection-tonight-put-spacecraft-on-road-to-moon-2414052-2023-07-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801033942/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-update-isro-to-conduct-trans-lunar-injection-tonight-put-spacecraft-on-road-to-moon-2414052-2023-07-31 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> ISRO performed a lunar-orbit insertion (LOI) on 5 August, successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbit around the Moon. The LOI operation was carried out from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) | After a series of manoeuvres that placed Chandrayaan-3 in a [[trans-lunar injection]] orbit,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission takes off with a successful launch as rocket hoists lunar lander and rover – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822120100/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India launches its Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing mission |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/india-launches-its-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817095213/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/india-launches-its-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=SpaceFlight Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 update: Isro to fire up engines, put spacecraft on road to moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-update-isro-to-conduct-trans-lunar-injection-tonight-put-spacecraft-on-road-to-moon-2414052-2023-07-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801033942/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-update-isro-to-conduct-trans-lunar-injection-tonight-put-spacecraft-on-road-to-moon-2414052-2023-07-31 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> ISRO performed a lunar-orbit insertion (LOI) on 5 August, successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into an orbit around the Moon. The LOI operation was carried out from the [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network|ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network]] (ISTRAC) in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="hindu_20230805_moonorbit">{{Cite web |last=THE HINDU BUREAU |date=5 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft enters lunar orbit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806022920/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name="asn_20230806_moonorbit">{{Cite web |last=Grey |first=Charles |date=6 August 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Inserted Into Lunar Orbit |url=https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806143515/https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=AIR SPACE News |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
On 17 August, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module to begin the last phase of the mission.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: Indian lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823141116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref> | On 17 August, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module to begin the last phase of the mission.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: Indian lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823141116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
=== Descent === | === Descent === | ||
On 23 August 2023, as the lander approached the low point of its orbit, its four engines fired as a braking manoeuvre at {{convert|30|km|mi}} above the Moon's surface. After 11.5 minutes, the lander was 7.2 km (4.5 miles) above the surface; it maintained | On 23 August 2023, as the lander approached the low point of its orbit, its four engines fired as a braking manoeuvre at {{convert|30|km|mi}} above the Moon's surface. After 11.5 minutes, the lander was 7.2 km (4.5 miles) above the surface; it maintained this altitude for about 10 seconds, then stabilized itself using eight smaller thrusters and rotated from a horizontal to a vertical position while continuing its descent. | ||
It then used two of its four engines to slow its descent to roughly {{convert|150|m|ft}}; it hovered there for about 30 seconds before continuing downward and touching down at 12:32 [[UTC]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=India Is on the Moon: Lander's Success Moves Nation to Next Space Chapter |language=en |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823172509/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |archive-date=23 August 2023 | It then used two of its four engines to slow its descent to roughly {{convert|150|m|ft}}; it hovered there for about 30 seconds and located an optimal landing spot before continuing downward and touching down at 12:32 [[UTC]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=India Is on the Moon: Lander's Success Moves Nation to Next Space Chapter |language=en |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823172509/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0; text-align:left;" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0; text-align:left;" | ||
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|{{convert|abbr=on|25x134|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1692995757413192015 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan 3 mission: second and final deorbiting operation.}}</ref> | |{{convert|abbr=on|25x134|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1692995757413192015 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan 3 mission: second and final deorbiting operation.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Landing | |Landing | ||
| 23 August 2023 | | {{nowrap|23 August 2023}}<br>12:32 | ||
| TBC | | TBC | ||
|{{n/a}} | |{{n/a}} | ||
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|<ref name="sn-20230823" /> | |<ref name="sn-20230823" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rover deployment | |Rover deployment | ||
|23 August 2023 | |23 August 2023 | ||
|{{n/a}} | |{{n/a}} | ||
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=== Mission life === | === Mission life === | ||
*Propulsion | *Propulsion module: Carries lander and rover to {{convert|100x100|km|adj=on}} orbit, with operation of experimental payload for up to six months.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 Brochure |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710120424/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2023 |website=Indian Space Research Organisation }}</ref> | ||
*Lander | *Lander module: 1 lunar daylight period (14 Earth days)<ref name="auto1" /> | ||
*Rover | *Rover module: 1 lunar daylight period (14 Earth days)<ref name="auto1" /> | ||
== Team == | == Team == | ||
* ISRO Chairperson: [[S. Somanath]]<ref name=":3" /> | * ISRO Chairperson: [[S. Somanath]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=11 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 just 1k-km from lunar surface |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812053927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=12 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> | ||
* Mission Director: S. Mohanakumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=With Chandrayaan-3 set to land today, meet key scientists behind ISRO moon mission |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031413/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | * Mission Director: S. Mohanakumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=With Chandrayaan-3 set to land today, meet key scientists behind ISRO moon mission |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031413/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirvaan |date=4 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Price, Budget, Cost, (Orbiter, Lander, and Rover) |url=https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031417/https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=PM Sarkari Yojana Hindi |language=en-US}}</ref> | * Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirvaan |date=4 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Price, Budget, Cost, (Orbiter, Lander, and Rover) |url=https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031417/https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=PM Sarkari Yojana Hindi |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
* Project Director: [[P. Veeramuthuvel]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Chandrayaan-3 {{!}} Not just sons of Tamil Nadu but State's soil itself contributed to Moon mission |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-not-just-sons-of-tamil-nadu-but-states-soil-itself-contributed-to-moon-mission/article67225959.ece |access-date=2023-08-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | * Project Director: [[P. Veeramuthuvel]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Chandrayaan-3 {{!}} Not just sons of Tamil Nadu but State's soil itself contributed to Moon mission |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-not-just-sons-of-tamil-nadu-but-states-soil-itself-contributed-to-moon-mission/article67225959.ece |access-date=2023-08-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
* Deputy Project Director: [[Kalpana | * Deputy Project Director: [[Kalpana Kalahasti]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online {{!}} |first=E. T. |date=23 August 2023 |title=Most memorable moment for team Chandrayaan-3: Kalpana K, Deputy Project Director, Moon Mission |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/most-memorable-moment-for-team-chandrayaan-3-kalpana-k-deputy-project-director-moon-mission/videoshow/102991222.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031954/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defaultinterstitial.cms |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* Vehicle Director: Biju C. Thomas<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live: India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission lifts off from Sriharikota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | * Vehicle Director: Biju C. Thomas<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live: India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission lifts off from Sriharikota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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Confirming the existence of the project, ISRO's former chairman [[K. Sivan]] stated that the estimated cost would be around {{INRConvert|615|c|lk=|year=2020}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615-crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230181930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615-crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |archive-date=30 December 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=How much did India's Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission cost? |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan-3-cost-budget-isro-launch-july-14-space-lunar-mission-moon-landing-17222551.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125549/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan-3-cost-budget-isro-launch-july-14-space-lunar-mission-moon-landing-17222551.htm |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Wall |date=18 August 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 snaps close-up photos of moon ahead of landing try (video) |url=https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-photos-august-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823141114/https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-photos-august-2023 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> | Confirming the existence of the project, ISRO's former chairman [[K. Sivan]] stated that the estimated cost would be around {{INRConvert|615|c|lk=|year=2020}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615-crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230181930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615-crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |archive-date=30 December 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=How much did India's Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission cost? |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan-3-cost-budget-isro-launch-july-14-space-lunar-mission-moon-landing-17222551.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125549/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan-3-cost-budget-isro-launch-july-14-space-lunar-mission-moon-landing-17222551.htm |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Wall |date=18 August 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 snaps close-up photos of moon ahead of landing try (video) |url=https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-photos-august-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823141114/https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-photos-august-2023 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Domestic reaction == | |||
Congratulating the ISRO team behind the successful Chandrayaan-3 Moon Mission at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network in Bengaluru, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] announced that the touchdown point of the Vikram lander would henceforth be known as [[Shivshakti Point]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title=Modi in Bengaluru Live Updates: Touchdown point of Vikram lander will be known as 'Shivshakti Point', says PM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-live-news-updates-traffic-weather-isro-chandrayaan-8908491/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He further declared August 23, the day the Vikram lander landed on the moon, as 'National Space Day'.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=Modi in Bangalore Live: August 23 to be celebrated as National Space Day, announces PM Modi after ISRO Chandrayaan 3 Moon landing success |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-news-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-vikram-lander-pragyan-rover-latest-photos-videos/liveblog/103038996.cms |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]] | * [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]] | ||
* [[Indian Martian Exploration Programme]] | * [[Indian Martian Exploration Programme]] | ||
* [[Venus Orbiter Mission]] – Indian Venus mission | * [[Venus Orbiter Mission]] – Indian Venus exploration mission | ||
* [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission | * [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission | ||
* [[Gaganyaan]] – Indian | * [[Gaganyaan]] – Indian manned spacecraft project | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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{{Solar System probes}} | {{Solar System probes}} | ||
{{Orbital launches in 2023}} | {{Orbital launches in 2023}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]] | [[Category:Missions to the Moon]] | ||
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[[Category:ISRO space probes]] | [[Category:ISRO space probes]] | ||
[[Category:2023 on the Moon]] | [[Category:2023 on the Moon]] | ||
[[Category:Soft landings on the Moon]] | |||