Majha: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Dialects Of Punjabi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Dialects of Punjabi]]
[[File:Dialects Of Punjabi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Dialects of Punjabi]]


'''Majha''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਮਾਝਾ ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{Nastaliq|ماجھا}} ([[Shahmukhi]]); ''Mājhā'') is a region located in the central parts of the historical [[Punjab region]] split between India and Pakistan.<ref>Discover India http://www.discoveredindia.com/punjab/about-punjab/regions-in-punjab.htm</ref> It extends north from the right banks<ref name="banks" group="note"/> of the river [[Beas river|Beas]], and reaches as far north as the river [[Jhelum river|Jhelum]].<ref name="grover">{{cite book|title=Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab|first=Parminder Singh|last=Grover|publisher=Parminder Singh Grover|year=2011|pages=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-pOAnlQL0C&pg=PT16}}</ref> People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī", or the more widely used [[Majhail]]. Most inhabitants of the region speak the [[Majhi dialect]], which is the basis of the standard register of the [[Punjabi language]].<ref>Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala [http://www.learnpunjabi.org/intro1.asp Punjabi University, Patiala.]</ref> The most populous city in the area is [[Lahore]] on the Pakistani side and [[Amritsar]] on the Indian side of the border.
'''Majha''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਮਾਝਾ ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{Nastaliq|ماجھا}} ([[Shahmukhi]]); ''Mājhā'') is a region located in the central parts of the historical [[Punjab region]] split between India and Pakistan.<ref>Discover India http://www.discoveredindia.com/punjab/about-punjab/regions-in-punjab.htm</ref> It extends north from the right banks<ref name="banks" group="note"/> of the river [[Beas river|Beas]], and reaches as far north as the river [[Jhelum river|Jhelum]].<ref name="grover">{{cite book|title=Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab|first=Parminder Singh|last=Grover|publisher=Parminder Singh Grover|year=2011|pages=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-pOAnlQL0C&pg=PT16}}</ref> People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī", however some people who belong to the this region use Majhail too. Most inhabitants of the region speak the [[Majhi dialect]], which is the basis of the standard register of the [[Punjabi language]].<ref>Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala [http://www.learnpunjabi.org/intro1.asp Punjabi University, Patiala.]</ref> The most populous city in the area is [[Lahore]] on the Pakistani side and [[Amritsar]] on the Indian side of the border.


During the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the Majha region of Punjab was split between India and Pakistan when the [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] were formed. The Majha region of Indian State of Punjab covers the area between [[Beas river|Beas]] and [[Ravi River|Ravi]] rivers, including the area on the north of [[Sutlej]], after the confluence of Beas and Sutlej at [[Harike Wetland|Harike]] in [[Tarn Taran district]], extending up to the Ravi River, which is all part of the Majha region in India.<ref>Punjab Data, Know Everything About Punjab http://www.punjabdata.com/Majha-Malwa-Doaba.aspx</ref> This region contains thirteen districts of the Pakistani province of Punjab, including the cities of [[Lahore]], [[Faisalabad]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], and [[Sialkot]].  Four districts of Indian state of Punjab – [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]], [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]], and [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]].
During the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the Majha region of Punjab was split between India and Pakistan when the [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] were formed. The Majha region of Indian State of Punjab covers the area between [[Beas river|Beas]] and [[Ravi River|Ravi]] rivers, including the area on the north of [[Sutlej]], after the confluence of Beas and Sutlej at [[Harike Wetland|Harike]] in [[Tarn Taran district]], extending up to the Ravi River, which is all part of the Majha region in India.<ref>Punjab Data, Know Everything About Punjab http://www.punjabdata.com/Majha-Malwa-Doaba.aspx</ref> This region contains fourteen districts of the Pakistani province of Punjab, including the cities of [[Lahore]], [[Faisalabad]],[[Sahiwal]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], and [[Sialkot]].  Four districts of Indian state of Punjab – [[Amritsar]], [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]], [[Gurdaspur]], and [[Pathankot]].


The people of the Majha region have been historically known for their warrior-like nature. The Majha region is called the "Sword Arm of the Country", due to it contributing disproportionately to the Officer as well as Orderly ranks of the Armies of both India and Pakistan. <ref>Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). ''Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants (Contemporary Ethnography)'', p. 153. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania.</ref> The [[Sikh Empire]] was founded in the Majha region, and so the region is also sometimes referred to as "the cradle of the brave Sikhs."<ref>Sandhu, Gulzar Singh (2004). ''Gods on Trial and Other Stories'', p. 132. Diamond Pocket Books. {{ISBN|8128808087}}</ref>. Majha is also the birthplace of Sikhism.<ref>https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/world/majha/</ref>
The people of the Majha region have been historically known for their warrior-like nature. The Majha region is called the "Sword Arm of the Country", due to it contributing disproportionately to the Officer as well as Orderly ranks of the Armies of both India and Pakistan. <ref>Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). ''Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants (Contemporary Ethnography)'', p. 153. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania.</ref> The [[Sikh Empire]] was founded in the Majha region, and so the region is also sometimes referred to as "the cradle of the brave Sikhs."<ref>Sandhu, Gulzar Singh (2004). ''Gods on Trial and Other Stories'', p. 132. Diamond Pocket Books. {{ISBN|8128808087}}</ref> Majha is also the birthplace of Sikhism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/world/majha/|title=MAJHA|date=19 December 2000}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] ||[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] ||[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
|-
|[[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]
| [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]
|[[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
||[[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
|-
|-
| [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]] ||[[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
| [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
 
|-
|-
| ||[[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
| ||[[Narowal District|Narowal]]
|-
|-
| ||[[Kasur District|Kasur]]
| ||[[Kasur District|Kasur]]
|-
|-
| ||[[Narowal District|Narowal]]
| ||[[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
|-
| ||[[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
|-
|-
| ||[[Sheikhupura district|Sheikhupura]]
| ||[[Sheikhupura district|Sheikhupura]]
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* [[Bharti Singh]]
* [[Bharti Singh]]
*[[Amrinder Gill]]
*[[Amrinder Gill]]
*[[Manmohan Singh]] former prime minister of India
*
* [[Chandan Prabhakar]]
* [[Chandan Prabhakar]]
* [[Baj Singh|Sardar Baj Singh]], Sikh general and governor.<ref>Singh, Raj Pal (1998). ''Banda Bahadur and His Times'' p. 22. Harman Pub. House, 1 Aug 1998.</ref>
* [[Baj Singh|Sardar Baj Singh]], Sikh general and governor.<ref>Singh, Raj Pal (1998). ''Banda Bahadur and His Times'' p. 22. Harman Pub. House, 1 Aug 1998.</ref>
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*[[Jordan Sandhu]]
*[[Jordan Sandhu]]
* [[AP Dhillon]]
* [[AP Dhillon]]
* Krishan Kant - Former Vice President of India
* Lala Achint Ram - Noted freedom Fighter , Member of the Constitutional Assembly, Later Parliamentarian.


==Photo gallery==
==Photo gallery==

Latest revision as of 18:19, 7 November 2021

Dialects of Punjabi

Majha (Punjabi: ਮਾਝਾ (Gurmukhi), ماجھا (Shahmukhi); Mājhā) is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region split between India and Pakistan.[1] It extends north from the right banks[note 1] of the river Beas, and reaches as far north as the river Jhelum.[2] People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī", however some people who belong to the this region use Majhail too. Most inhabitants of the region speak the Majhi dialect, which is the basis of the standard register of the Punjabi language.[3] The most populous city in the area is Lahore on the Pakistani side and Amritsar on the Indian side of the border.

During the partition of India in 1947, the Majha region of Punjab was split between India and Pakistan when the Indian Punjab and Pakistani Punjab were formed. The Majha region of Indian State of Punjab covers the area between Beas and Ravi rivers, including the area on the north of Sutlej, after the confluence of Beas and Sutlej at Harike in Tarn Taran district, extending up to the Ravi River, which is all part of the Majha region in India.[4] This region contains fourteen districts of the Pakistani province of Punjab, including the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad,Sahiwal, Gujranwala, Gujrat, and Sialkot. Four districts of Indian state of Punjab – Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Gurdaspur, and Pathankot.

The people of the Majha region have been historically known for their warrior-like nature. The Majha region is called the "Sword Arm of the Country", due to it contributing disproportionately to the Officer as well as Orderly ranks of the Armies of both India and Pakistan. [5] The Sikh Empire was founded in the Majha region, and so the region is also sometimes referred to as "the cradle of the brave Sikhs."[6] Majha is also the birthplace of Sikhism.[7]

History[edit]

A map of the Punjab region c. 1947 showing the different doabs.

The word "Mājhā" means the "central" or the "heartland". The Majha region is geographically located in the middle (or central part) of the historic Punjab region, hence giving it the name Majha.[8] It includes a considerable portion of the Bari Doab (the region between the rivers Beas and Ravi) and the Rechna Doab (the region between the rivers Ravi and Chenab), and a smaller portion of the Jech Doab region (the region between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab).[9]

The Majha region of historical Punjab region spans northward from the right banks[note 1] of river Beas, and extends up to river Jhelum at its northmost,[2] making it the largest regions of historic Punjab.

The Indian state of Punjab has continued to recognize the Majha region through maintaining the districts that have historically belonged to the Majha region. In Pakistan, the Majha city of Lahore was selected as its provincial capital, which the remaining Majha districts were either maintained, or their borders blurred as the boundaries were divided between districts Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Multan, and Rawalpindi,[10] Sahiwal and Sargodha.

Districts of Majha[edit]

The following districts are classified as Majha.

Majha districts of Punjab, India Majha districts of Punjab, Pakistan
Amritsar Lahore
Gurdaspur Gujrat
Tarn Taran Faisalabad
Pathankot
Narowal
Kasur
Gujranwala
Hafizabad
Sheikhupura
Sialkot

Tourist attractions[edit]

India[edit]

The Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), Amritsar

Pakistan[edit]

Badshahi Masjid, Lahore

Notable residents Of Majha(India)[edit]

Photo gallery[edit]

  • Ranjit Sagar Dam, Shahpur Kandi

    Ranjit Sagar Dam, Shahpur Kandi

  • Ravi River

    Ravi River

  • Emperor Akbar crowning platform, Kalanaur-Gurdaspur, India

    Emperor Akbar crowning platform, Kalanaur-Gurdaspur, India

  • Golden Temple and the Akal Takht, Amritsar

    Golden Temple and the Akal Takht, Amritsar

  • Badshahi Mosque, Lahore

    Badshahi Mosque, Lahore

  • Lahore Fort, Lahore

    Lahore Fort, Lahore

  • Lahore Museum, Lahore

    Lahore Museum, Lahore

  • Shalimar Gardens

    Shalimar Gardens

  • Jahangir's Tomb, Lahore

    Jahangir's Tomb, Lahore

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The left/right bank of a river is determined by looking in the direction of flow of the river (facing downstream).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Discover India http://www.discoveredindia.com/punjab/about-punjab/regions-in-punjab.htm
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Grover, Parminder Singh (2011). Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab. Parminder Singh Grover. p. 179.
  3. ↑ Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala Punjabi University, Patiala.
  4. ↑ Punjab Data, Know Everything About Punjab http://www.punjabdata.com/Majha-Malwa-Doaba.aspx
  5. ↑ Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants (Contemporary Ethnography), p. 153. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania.
  6. ↑ Sandhu, Gulzar Singh (2004). Gods on Trial and Other Stories, p. 132. Diamond Pocket Books. ISBN 8128808087
  7. ↑ "MAJHA". 19 December 2000.
  8. ↑ Vipul Punjabi https://vipulpunjabi.wordpress.com/regions-and-districts/majha/
  9. ↑ Kakshi, S.R.; Pathak, Rashmi; Pathak, S.R.Bakshi R. (1 January 2007). Punjab Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-738-1. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  10. ↑ Rawalpindi: Majha, Punjab, Islamabad, Tribes and Castes of Rawalpindi District, Rawalpindi District, Demography of Rawalpindi District https://www.amazon.it/Rawalpindi-Punjab-Islamabad-District-Demography/dp/6131076170
  11. ↑ Singh, Raj Pal (1998). Banda Bahadur and His Times p. 22. Harman Pub. House, 1 Aug 1998.
  12. ↑ http://centralsikhmuseum.com/today-in-sikh-history-5th-september/

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