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Ambala: Difference between revisions
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{{About|the city in Haryana, India|the film|Aambala}} | {{About|the city in Haryana, India|the film|Aambala}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date = December 2011}} | {{more citations needed|date = December 2011}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Ambala | ||
| other_name | | other_name = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = Ambala Cantonment Railway Station.jpg | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Ambala Cantonment Railway Station, Haryana, India | ||
| nickname = | |||
| nickname | | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | coordinates = {{coord|30.38|N|76.78|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| coordinates | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | established_title = Established | ||
| established_title | | established_date = 14th century CE | ||
| established_date | | founder = Amba Rajput | ||
| founder | | named_for = Amba Rajput, Bhawani Amba (Goddess) | ||
| named_for | | governing_body = | ||
| governing_body | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| unit_pref | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_rank = | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 264 | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 207,934 (UA)<ref name="2011 census" /> | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_footnotes = | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = Ambalvi | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 24 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 4 February 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=2 January 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 1330xx,1340xx | ||
| area_code | | area_code = 0171 | ||
| area_code_type | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| iso_code | | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]] | ||
| registration_plate | | registration_plate = HR 01 (city), HR 04 (Naraingarh), HR 54 (Barara), HR 85 (Ambala Cantonment), HR37 (commercial) | ||
| website | | website = {{URL|https://ambala.gov.in}} | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Ambala-Kos_Minar.jpg|thumb|[[Kos Minar]] near Ambala along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in [[Haryana]]]] | [[File:Ambala-Kos_Minar.jpg|thumb|[[Kos Minar]] near Ambala along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in [[Haryana]]]] | ||
'''Ambala''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|m|ˈ|b|ɑː|l|ə}}) | '''Ambala''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|m|ˈ|b|ɑː|l|ə}}) is a [[city]] and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[Ambala district]] in the state of [[Haryana]], [[India]], located on the border with the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and in proximity to both states capital [[Chandigarh]]. Politically, Ambala has two sub-areas: [[Ambala Cantonment]] (also known as Ambala Cantt) and [[Ambala City railway station|Ambala City]], eight kilometres apart, therefore it is also known as "Twin City". It has a large [[Indian Army]] and [[Indian Air Force]] presence within its cantonment area. It is located 200 km (124 mi) to the north of [[New Delhi]], India's capital, and has been identified as a [[National Capital Region (India)#Counter magnets|counter-magnet]] city for the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] to develop as an alternative center of growth to Delhi. | ||
is a city and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[Ambala district]] in the state of [[Haryana]], India, located on the border with the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and in proximity to both states capital [[Chandigarh]]. Politically, Ambala has two sub-areas: [[Ambala Cantonment]] (also known as Ambala Cantt) and Ambala City, eight kilometres apart, therefore it is also known as "Twin City". | |||
Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers – [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] and Tangri – to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located {{cvt|47|km}} south of Chandigarh, {{cvt|50|km}} north of [[Kurukshetra]], {{cvt|148|km}} southwest of [[Shimla]], {{cvt|198|km}} north of [[New Delhi]] and {{cvt|260|km}} southeast of [[Amritsar]]. | Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers – [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] and [[Dangri|Tangri]] – to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located {{cvt|47|km}} south of Chandigarh, {{cvt|50|km}} north of [[Kurukshetra]], {{cvt|148|km}} southwest of [[Shimla]], {{cvt|198|km}} north of [[New Delhi]] and {{cvt|260|km}} southeast of [[Amritsar]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
{{see also | History of Haryana | Tourism in Haryana }} | |||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
The town is said to derive its name from Amba Rajput who supposedly founded it during the 14th century CE. According to another version, it is named after the goddess "Bhawani Amba" whose Temple still exists in Ambala city | The town is said to derive its name from Amba Rajput who supposedly founded it during the 14th century CE. According to another version, it is named after the goddess "Bhawani Amba" whose Temple still exists in Ambala city.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazateer], Revenue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Tourism Management|author1=Bajwa, J.S.|author2=Kaur, R.|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|isbn=9788131300473|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVXCiwdwPxsC}}</ref> The English spelling Umballa has sometimes been used; this spelling was used by [[Rudyard Kipling]] in his 1901 novel ''[[Kim (novel)|Kim]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bibliomania.com/0/0/31/66/frameset.html|title = Bibliomania: Free Online Literature and Study Guides}}</ref> | ||
===Classical era=== | ===Classical era=== | ||
| Line 71: | Line 72: | ||
===Late medieval era=== | ===Late medieval era=== | ||
In 1709, Battle of Ambala was fought and Sikhs captured Ambala from [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|year=2001|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|url=https://archive.org/stream/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty_djvu.txt}}</ref> | In 1709, Battle of Ambala was fought and Sikhs captured Ambala from [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|year=2001|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|url=https://archive.org/stream/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty_djvu.txt}}</ref> It was under the rule of [[Gill (name)|Gill]] [[Jats]] from 1748 to 1825.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Siṅgha |first1=Bhagata |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref> It was also the capital of [[Nishanwalia Misl]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Khazan |title=History of the Sikh Religion |date=1970 |publisher=Department of Languages, Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImAgAAAAMAAJ |access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref> For some time it had been under the rule of Jawahir Singh of [[Mustafabad, Haryana|Mustafabad]], a descendent of Desu Singh Randhawa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Suresh K. |title=Haryana: Past and Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6n7vV0eiS3YC&q=jawahir+singh+ambala+mustafabad |access-date=30 May 2023 |publisher=Mittal Publications |date=1 February 2006 |isbn=9788183240468 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
===British colonial era=== | ===British colonial era=== | ||
| Line 85: | Line 86: | ||
=====European Cemetery===== | =====European Cemetery===== | ||
[[Ambala Cantonment]] is the location of historic [[European Cemetery]]. | [[Ambala Cantonment]] is the location of historic [[European Cemetery]]. | ||
===== 1857 War Memorial ===== | |||
{{anchor | 1857 | First War of Independence | Memorial }} | |||
{{see also | Bengal Native Infantry#1857 | l1= Bengal Native Infantry in aftermath of 1857 }} | |||
'''First War of Independence Memorial''' or '''1857 War Memorial''', completed in 2023{{cn|date=July 2023}} at the cost of Rs300 crore in the honor of Indian rebels of [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 First War of Independence]], is spread over 22 acres on [[National Highway (India)|NH-44]]. The war was started at Ambala on 10 May 1857<ref name=hindin1/> by the Indian sepoys of [[5th Cavalry (India)|5th]] & [[Bengal Native Infantry|60th]] regiments of [[Bengal Native Infantry]] stationed at Ambala Cantonment. After the war was over, the execution of Baba Mohar Singh on 5 June 1857 at Ambala Cantonment was the first recorded execution of a captured Indian rebel by the [[British Raj|British colonial regime]]. Ambala rebellion was led by Ananti Mishra, Parmeshwar Pandey, Beni Prasad, Sheikh Faiz Ul-Khan, Bikhan Khan who moved towards [[Red Fort]] in Delhi via [[Bilaspur, Haryana|Bilaspur]], [[Sadhaura]], [[Yamunanagar]] and [[Saharanpur]]. After the war was over, British burnt the Bilaspur and Sadhaura villages and killed many residents because these two villages had helped the Indian rebels. The [[Bengal Native Infantry#1857|5th & 60th Regiments]] were disbanded.<ref name=hindin1>{{cite news |last1=Nagpal |first1=Bhavey |title=Ambala’s 1857 War Memorial likely to be opened by year end |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/indias-largest-war-memorial-on-nh-44-in-ambala-nears-completion-dedicated-to-first-war-of-independence-in-1857-101683855697490.html |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 May 2023}}</ref> The memorial has four sections, an administrative building, second a museum building, third a library and food court, and the fourth is an open air theatre.<ref name=hindin2>{{cite news |title=Panel of historians meets to discuss 1857 memorial in Ambala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/panel-of-historians-meets-to-discuss-1857-memorial-in-ambala/articleshow/92153635.cms |access-date=8 July 2023 |work= Times of India |date= 12 June 2022}}</ref> | |||
====Formation of Ambala district==== | ====Formation of Ambala district==== | ||
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging of the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Previously, it extended across [[tehsils]] of Ambala, [[ | Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging of the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Previously, it extended across [[tehsils]] of Ambala, [[Chandigarh]], [[Jagadhri]], Pipli, Kharar, [[Ropar]] and [[Nalagarh]]. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, [[Pinjore]], [[Mani Majra]], [[Kasauli]] & [[Sanawar]] were also merged later into the district at different times. | ||
====1857 rebellion==== | ====1857 rebellion==== | ||
| Line 94: | Line 101: | ||
===Post-independence=== | ===Post-independence=== | ||
====Hanging of | ====Hanging of Nathuram Godse==== | ||
In November 1949, [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] assassin [[Nathuram Godse]] was hanged at Ambala Central Jail<ref>''The Times'' (London), page 3, 16 November 1949</ref> along with [[Narayan Apte]], a co-conspirator. | In November 1949, [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] assassin [[Nathuram Godse]] was hanged at Ambala Central Jail<ref>''The Times'' (London), page 3, 16 November 1949</ref> along with [[Narayan Apte]], a co-conspirator. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
| Line 220: | Line 226: | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{bar box|width = | {{bar box|width = 250px | ||
|barwidth = | |barwidth = 200px |cellpadding="0" | ||
|title=Religion in Ambala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/31-ambala.html|title=Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> | |title=Religion in Ambala city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/31-ambala.html|title=Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
| Line 228: | Line 234: | ||
|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]| | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.94}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]| | {{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|14.59}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|1.44}} | {{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|1.44}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.25}} | {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.25}} | ||
| Line 235: | Line 241: | ||
{{As of|2011}} India census, Ambala UA had a population of 207,934 consisting of 112,840 males and 95,094 females, a ratio of 843. there were 20,687 children 0–6 and Ambala had an average literacy rate of 89.31%, with 91.76% of males and 86.41% of females literate.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census India|access-date=29 December 2015|ref=2011 census}}</ref> | {{As of|2011}} India census, Ambala UA had a population of 207,934 consisting of 112,840 males and 95,094 females, a ratio of 843. there were 20,687 children 0–6 and Ambala had an average literacy rate of 89.31%, with 91.76% of males and 86.41% of females literate.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census India|access-date=29 December 2015|ref=2011 census}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" | |||
|+ Religious groups in Ambala City (1891−2011){{efn|1891-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Ambala, which included Ambala Municipality, Ambala Civil Lines, Sadar Bazar Ambala Municipality, and Ambala Cantonment.<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|30}}|name="AmbalaCity1891to1941"}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group | |||
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1891-26575632/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1891 GENERAL TABLES BRITISH PROVINCES AND FEUDATORY STATES VOL I|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|68}} | |||
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1901-26575826/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901 VOLUME I-A INDIA PART II-TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|44}} | |||
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1911-26575903/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME XIV PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|20}} | |||
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1921-26575918/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1921 VOLUME XV PUNJAB AND DELHI PART II TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|23}} | |||
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1931-26575928/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|26}} | |||
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>{{rp|32}} | |||
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/31-ambala.html|title=Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]] | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} | |||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]] | |||
| 40,339 | |||
| {{Percentage | 40339 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 39,601 | |||
| {{Percentage | 39601 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 38,192 | |||
| {{Percentage | 38192 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 37,765 | |||
| {{Percentage | 37765 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 39,945{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}} | |||
| {{Percentage | 39945 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| 50,679{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}} | |||
| {{Percentage | 50679 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
| 159,912 | |||
| {{Percentage | 159912 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] | |||
| 30,523 | |||
| {{Percentage | 30523 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 32,149 | |||
| {{Percentage | 32149 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 31,641 | |||
| {{Percentage | 31641 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 31,448 | |||
| {{Percentage | 31448 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 38,089 | |||
| {{Percentage | 38089 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| 47,881 | |||
| {{Percentage | 47881 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
| 2,431 | |||
| {{Percentage | 2431 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] | |||
| 4,899 | |||
| {{Percentage | 4899 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 3,610 | |||
| {{Percentage | 3610 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 5,918 | |||
| {{Percentage | 5918 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 2,373 | |||
| {{Percentage | 2373 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 3,138 | |||
| {{Percentage | 3138 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| 1,054 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1054 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
| 739 | |||
| {{Percentage | 739 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] | |||
| 2,407 | |||
| {{Percentage | 2407 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 2,168 | |||
| {{Percentage | 2168 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 3,392 | |||
| {{Percentage | 3392 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 3,622 | |||
| {{Percentage | 3622 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 4,143 | |||
| {{Percentage | 4143 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| 4,926 | |||
| {{Percentage | 4926 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
| 28,471 | |||
| {{Percentage | 28471 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]] | |||
| 1,119 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1119 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 1,096 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1096 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 957 | |||
| {{Percentage | 957 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 1,083 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1083 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 1,269 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1269 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| 1,814 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1814 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
| 2,816 | |||
| {{Percentage | 2816 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]] | |||
| 6 | |||
| {{Percentage | 6 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 14 | |||
| {{Percentage | 14 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 31 | |||
| {{Percentage | 31 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 30 | |||
| {{Percentage | 30 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 2 | |||
| {{Percentage | 2 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]] | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 5 | |||
| {{Percentage | 5 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 5 | |||
| {{Percentage | 5 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| 55 | |||
| {{Percentage | 55 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]] | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| N/A | |||
| N/A | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 1 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
| {{N/a}} | |||
|- | |||
| Others | |||
| 1 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
| 0 | |||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
| 1,008 | |||
| {{Percentage | 1008 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
| 729 | |||
| {{Percentage | 729 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
! Total population | |||
! 79,294 | |||
! {{Percentage | 79294 | 79294 | 2 }} | |||
! 78,638 | |||
! {{Percentage | 78638 | 78638 | 2 }} | |||
! 80,131 | |||
! {{Percentage | 80131 | 80131 | 2 }} | |||
! 76,326 | |||
! {{Percentage | 76326 | 76326 | 2 }} | |||
! 86,592 | |||
! {{Percentage | 86592 | 86592 | 2 }} | |||
! 107,383 | |||
! {{Percentage | 107383 | 107383 | 2 }} | |||
! 195,153 | |||
! {{Percentage | 195153 | 195153 | 2 }} | |||
|} | |||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
===Cloth Market=== | ===Cloth Market=== | ||
The Cloth Market is considered to be the largest textile market in | The Cloth Market is considered to be the largest textile market in this region. It is located in sector 7, the central part of the city of Ambala. The market is known for catering to wedding related shopping. The most commonly bought items are [[saree]]s and [[silk]] clothing.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Cloth Market |url=https://www.yatra.com/india-tourism/shopping-in-ambala/cloth-market |website=[[Yatra.com]] |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}} | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
Ambala is connected to all of the other major cities of [[north India]]. It is a big interchange for various commuters for all neighbouring states.{{ | Ambala is connected to all of the other major cities of [[north India]]. It is a big interchange for various commuters for all neighbouring states.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Reach {{!}} District Ambala,Government of Haryana {{!}} India |url=https://ambala.gov.in/how-to-reach/ |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
National Highway [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] popularly known as [[GT road]] earlier known as NH 1 passes through Ambala and connects it to National capital Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana and Amritsar. [[National Highway 152 (India)|NH 152]] connects it to state capital Chandigarh, Kaithal. | National Highway [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] popularly known as [[GT road]] earlier known as NH 1 passes through Ambala and connects it to National capital Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana and Amritsar. [[National Highway 152 (India)|NH 152]] connects it to state capital Chandigarh, Kaithal. | ||
| Line 247: | Line 440: | ||
===Roadways=== | ===Roadways=== | ||
Bus service is the major means of public transport in this district. Ambala depot came into being on 1 August 1950. The office of the General Manager has situated on the premises of the depot workshop at Ambala City. Ambala depot has a sub depot at Naraingarh. | Bus service is the major means of public transport in this district. Ambala depot came into being on 1 August 1950. The office of the General Manager has situated on the premises of the depot workshop at Ambala City. Ambala depot has a sub depot at Naraingarh. | ||
Presently, [[Haryana Roadways]], Ambala has | Presently, [[Haryana Roadways]], Ambala has 200 buses, which carry about 34.88 Lac's passengers daily and cover a distance of about 19000 km daily. Out of these, total distance covered on interstate routes is {{cvt|24,711|km}} and {{cvt|41.469|km}} are operated within [[Haryana]] every day. | ||
New Bus Stand at Ambala Cantt was inaugurated on 12 July 1999 and the total land of bus stand is {{cvt|6.7|acre}}. Bus stands in this district exist at Ambala City, Naraingarh and Barara as well. A sub-depot-level workshop has also been provided at Naraingarh. 'Yatri Niwas' exists on the campus of Ambala Cantt. bus stand for the convenience of the commuters who wish to stay for the night. | New Bus Stand at Ambala Cantt was inaugurated on 12 July 1999 and the total land of bus stand is {{cvt|6.7|acre}}. Bus stands in this district exist at Ambala City, Naraingarh and Barara as well. A sub-depot-level workshop has also been provided at Naraingarh. 'Yatri Niwas' exists on the campus of Ambala Cantt. bus stand for the convenience of the commuters who wish to stay for the night. | ||
Besides, the Haryana Roadways buses, the government has issued permits to private operators on local routes. Presently | Besides, the Haryana Roadways buses, the government has issued permits to private operators on local routes. Presently 60 such buses are plying in Ambala district. | ||
The bus stand is very near to Ambala Cantt Jn. (Railway station). Most of the buses plying on GT road (NH1) stop in front of the Railway station. | The bus stand is very near to Ambala Cantt Jn. (Railway station). Most of the buses plying on GT road (NH1) stop in front of the Railway station. | ||
| Line 271: | Line 464: | ||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
Ambala has a large number of schools and colleges. Notable colleges | Ambala has a large number of schools and colleges. Notable colleges are as follows:- | ||
<!-- ONLY ADD A SCHOOL OR COLLEGE TO THIS LIST IF IT ALREADY HAS AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA --> | <!-- ONLY ADD A SCHOOL OR COLLEGE TO THIS LIST IF IT ALREADY HAS AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA --> | ||
* [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala]] | * [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala]] | ||
| Line 277: | Line 470: | ||
* [[Government Polytechnic College, Ambala]] | * [[Government Polytechnic College, Ambala]] | ||
* [[Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana]] | * [[Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana]] | ||
* [[Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur]] | |||
* [[Philadelphia Hospital & School of Nursing, Ambala]] | |||
* [[Sanatan Dharma College]] (S.D. College) | * [[Sanatan Dharma College]] (S.D. College) | ||
* [[Shri Atmanand Jain Institute of Management and Technology]] | * [[Shri Atmanand Jain Institute of Management and Technology]] | ||
<!-- ONLY ADD A SCHOOL OR COLLEGE TO THIS LIST IF IT ALREADY HAS AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA --> | <!-- ONLY ADD A SCHOOL OR COLLEGE TO THIS LIST IF IT ALREADY HAS AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA --> | ||
| Line 294: | Line 488: | ||
* [[Swadesh Deepak]] | * [[Swadesh Deepak]] | ||
* [[Navneet Kaur Dhillon]] | * [[Navneet Kaur Dhillon]] | ||
* [[Sanjeev Kapoor]] | |||
* [[Manpreet Kaur]] | * [[Manpreet Kaur]] | ||
* [[Nasir Kazmi]] | * [[Nasir Kazmi]] | ||
| Line 308: | Line 503: | ||
<!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA --> | <!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA --> | ||
<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY LAST NAME--> | <!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY LAST NAME--> | ||
== Notes == | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 313: | Line 511: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* | * | ||
* | * | ||
{{Ambala district topics}} | {{Ambala district topics}} | ||
| Line 324: | Line 521: | ||
[[Category:Ambala district]] | [[Category:Ambala district]] | ||
[[Category:Haryana]] | [[Category:Haryana]] | ||
[[Category:Populated places established in the 14th century]] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:30, 22 July 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2011) |
Ambala | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Ambala Cantonment Railway Station, Haryana, India | |
  Ambala Location in Haryana, India  Ambala Ambala (India) | |
| Coordinates: 30°23′N 76°47′E / 30.38°N 76.78°ECoordinates: 30°23′N 76°47′E / 30.38°N 76.78°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Ambala |
| Established | 14th century CE |
| Founded by | Amba Rajput |
| Named for | Amba Rajput, Bhawani Amba (Goddess) |
| Elevation | 264 m (866 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 207,934 (UA)[1] |
| Demonym | Ambalvi |
| Languages[2][3] | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Additional official | English, Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 1330xx,1340xx |
| Telephone code | 0171 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-HR |
| Vehicle registration | HR 01 (city), HR 04 (Naraingarh), HR 54 (Barara), HR 85 (Ambala Cantonment), HR37 (commercial) |
| Website | ambala |
Ambala (/əmˈbɑːlə/) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-areas: Ambala Cantonment (also known as Ambala Cantt) and Ambala City, eight kilometres apart, therefore it is also known as "Twin City". It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within its cantonment area. It is located 200 km (124 mi) to the north of New Delhi, India's capital, and has been identified as a counter-magnet city for the National Capital Region to develop as an alternative center of growth to Delhi.
Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers – Ghaggar and Tangri – to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located 47 km (29 mi) south of Chandigarh, 50 km (31 mi) north of Kurukshetra, 148 km (92 mi) southwest of Shimla, 198 km (123 mi) north of New Delhi and 260 km (160 mi) southeast of Amritsar.
History[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The town is said to derive its name from Amba Rajput who supposedly founded it during the 14th century CE. According to another version, it is named after the goddess "Bhawani Amba" whose Temple still exists in Ambala city.[4][5] The English spelling Umballa has sometimes been used; this spelling was used by Rudyard Kipling in his 1901 novel Kim.[6]
Classical era[edit]
Archaeological Surveyor C.J Rodgers found Indo-Parthian Kingdom coins as well as coins of Hunas, Mihirakula and Toramana which indicated that after the disintegration of the Mauryan empire, the area was taken over by Indo-Parthians and later was incorporated in the domain of the Hunas.[4]
Late medieval era[edit]
In 1709, Battle of Ambala was fought and Sikhs captured Ambala from Mughals.[7] It was under the rule of Gill Jats from 1748 to 1825.[8] It was also the capital of Nishanwalia Misl.[9] For some time it had been under the rule of Jawahir Singh of Mustafabad, a descendent of Desu Singh Randhawa.[10]
British colonial era[edit]
The Ambala Cantonment[edit]
Ambala Army Base[edit]
Ambala Army Cantonment was established in 1843 after the British were forced to leave its Karnal Cantonment following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42 in as there were not any known effective means to control malaria epidemic in those days. The cantonment houses the '2 Corps', one of the three Strike Corps of the Indian Army.
Ambala Air Force Base[edit]
Ambala Air Force Base is one of the oldest and largest airbases that were inherited from the British by the IAF. It was from this airbase that Spitfires and Harvards flown by Instructors of the Advanced Flying Training School took part in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. Subsequently, Ambala was the front line airfield for many years. It was home to various aircraft that were inducted into the Indian Air Force. Vampires, Ouragans, Hunters, etc. all flew from this base. The airbase was briefly attacked in 1965 by B-57 bombers of the Pakistan Air Force. Today, the Airbase houses the '7 Wing' with squadrons of Jaguars and MiG-21 Bisons. A unit of the French-made Dassault Rafale will also be based at Ambala airbase.[11]
European Cemetery[edit]
Ambala Cantonment is the location of historic European Cemetery.
1857 War Memorial[edit]
First War of Independence Memorial or 1857 War Memorial, completed in 2023[citation needed] at the cost of Rs300 crore in the honor of Indian rebels of 1857 First War of Independence, is spread over 22 acres on NH-44. The war was started at Ambala on 10 May 1857[12] by the Indian sepoys of 5th & 60th regiments of Bengal Native Infantry stationed at Ambala Cantonment. After the war was over, the execution of Baba Mohar Singh on 5 June 1857 at Ambala Cantonment was the first recorded execution of a captured Indian rebel by the British colonial regime. Ambala rebellion was led by Ananti Mishra, Parmeshwar Pandey, Beni Prasad, Sheikh Faiz Ul-Khan, Bikhan Khan who moved towards Red Fort in Delhi via Bilaspur, Sadhaura, Yamunanagar and Saharanpur. After the war was over, British burnt the Bilaspur and Sadhaura villages and killed many residents because these two villages had helped the Indian rebels. The 5th & 60th Regiments were disbanded.[12] The memorial has four sections, an administrative building, second a museum building, third a library and food court, and the fourth is an open air theatre.[13]
Formation of Ambala district[edit]
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging of the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Previously, it extended across tehsils of Ambala, Chandigarh, Jagadhri, Pipli, Kharar, Ropar and Nalagarh. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, Pinjore, Mani Majra, Kasauli & Sanawar were also merged later into the district at different times.
1857 rebellion[edit]
For their participation in first war of independence, the Chaudharys and Lambardars of villages who participated in rebellion were also deprived of their land and property, including 368 people of Hisar and Gurugram were hanged or transported for life, and fine was imposed on the people of Thanesar (Rs 235,000), Ambala (Rs. 253,541) and Rohtak (Rs. 63,000 mostly on Ranghars, Shaikhs and Muslim Kasai).[14]
Post-independence[edit]
Hanging of Nathuram Godse[edit]
In November 1949, Mahatma Gandhi's assassin Nathuram Godse was hanged at Ambala Central Jail[15] along with Narayan Apte, a co-conspirator.
Geography[edit]
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Ambala (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.1 (84.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
41.7 (107.1) |
45.0 (113.0) |
47.8 (118.0) |
47.8 (118.0) |
46.7 (116.1) |
43.9 (111.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.4 (102.9) |
35.6 (96.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
47.8 (118.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
34.9 (94.8) |
38.1 (100.6) |
38.1 (100.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 27.3 (1.07) |
35.1 (1.38) |
27.2 (1.07) |
12.3 (0.48) |
31.5 (1.24) |
86.6 (3.41) |
264.7 (10.42) |
239.2 (9.42) |
134.8 (5.31) |
15.1 (0.59) |
4.5 (0.18) |
19.7 (0.78) |
898.2 (35.36) |
| Average rainy days | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 39.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 63 | 54 | 45 | 28 | 31 | 42 | 67 | 72 | 64 | 51 | 53 | 60 | 52 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[16][17] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit]
As of 2011[update] India census, Ambala UA had a population of 207,934 consisting of 112,840 males and 95,094 females, a ratio of 843. there were 20,687 children 0–6 and Ambala had an average literacy rate of 89.31%, with 91.76% of males and 86.41% of females literate.[1]
| Religious group |
1891[20]:68 | 1901[21]:44 | 1911[22]:20 | 1921[23]:23 | 1931[24]:26 | 1941[19]:32 | 2011[25] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism 
|
40,339 | 50.87% | 39,601 | 50.36% | 38,192 | 47.66% | 37,765 | 49.48% | 39,945[lower-alpha 2] | 46.13% | 50,679[lower-alpha 2] | 47.19% | 159,912 | 81.94% |
Islam 
|
30,523 | 38.49% | 32,149 | 40.88% | 31,641 | 39.49% | 31,448 | 41.2% | 38,089 | 43.99% | 47,881 | 44.59% | 2,431 | 1.25% |
Christianity 
|
4,899 | 6.18% | 3,610 | 4.59% | 5,918 | 7.39% | 2,373 | 3.11% | 3,138 | 3.62% | 1,054 | 0.98% | 739 | 0.38% |
Sikhism 
|
2,407 | 3.04% | 2,168 | 2.76% | 3,392 | 4.23% | 3,622 | 4.75% | 4,143 | 4.78% | 4,926 | 4.59% | 28,471 | 14.59% |
Jainism 
|
1,119 | 1.41% | 1,096 | 1.39% | 957 | 1.19% | 1,083 | 1.42% | 1,269 | 1.47% | 1,814 | 1.69% | 2,816 | 1.44% |
Zoroastrianism 
|
6 | 0.01% | 14 | 0.02% | 31 | 0.04% | 30 | 0.04% | 2 | 0% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Buddhism .svg){kind=small}
|
0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 5 | 0.01% | 5 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | 55 | 0.03% |
Judaism 
|
0 | 0% | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Others | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1,008 | 0.94% | 729 | 0.37% |
| Total population | 79,294 | 100% | 78,638 | 100% | 80,131 | 100% | 76,326 | 100% | 86,592 | 100% | 107,383 | 100% | 195,153 | 100% |
Economy[edit]
Cloth Market[edit]
The Cloth Market is considered to be the largest textile market in this region. It is located in sector 7, the central part of the city of Ambala. The market is known for catering to wedding related shopping. The most commonly bought items are sarees and silk clothing.[26][better source needed]
Transport[edit]
Ambala is connected to all of the other major cities of north India. It is a big interchange for various commuters for all neighbouring states.[27]
National Highway NH 44 popularly known as GT road earlier known as NH 1 passes through Ambala and connects it to National capital Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana and Amritsar. NH 152 connects it to state capital Chandigarh, Kaithal. Apart from the Interstate service, Ambala also houses one of the oldest local bus services in Haryana, which is run by both Haryana roadways and private companies. Other means of local transportation include auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws.
Roadways[edit]
Bus service is the major means of public transport in this district. Ambala depot came into being on 1 August 1950. The office of the General Manager has situated on the premises of the depot workshop at Ambala City. Ambala depot has a sub depot at Naraingarh.
Presently, Haryana Roadways, Ambala has 200 buses, which carry about 34.88 Lac's passengers daily and cover a distance of about 19000 km daily. Out of these, total distance covered on interstate routes is 24,711 km (15,355 mi) and 41.469 km (25.768 mi) are operated within Haryana every day.
New Bus Stand at Ambala Cantt was inaugurated on 12 July 1999 and the total land of bus stand is 6.7 acres (2.7 ha). Bus stands in this district exist at Ambala City, Naraingarh and Barara as well. A sub-depot-level workshop has also been provided at Naraingarh. 'Yatri Niwas' exists on the campus of Ambala Cantt. bus stand for the convenience of the commuters who wish to stay for the night.
Besides, the Haryana Roadways buses, the government has issued permits to private operators on local routes. Presently 60 such buses are plying in Ambala district. The bus stand is very near to Ambala Cantt Jn. (Railway station). Most of the buses plying on GT road (NH1) stop in front of the Railway station.
Railways[edit]
Ambala is a divisional headquarters of the Northern Railway Zone and is an important railway junction. Ambala Cantt station is among the top 100 booking stations in India. The city is served by three railway stations:
- Ambala Cantt [UMB] (Junction on Delhi-Kalka line and Moradabad-Ambala line/Ambala-Attari line)
- Ambala City [UBC] (On Ambala-Attari line)
- Dhulkot [DKT] (on Delhi-Kalka line)
The Ambala Cantonment railway station was founded on the junction of the Delhi-Kalka and Ludhiana-Saharanpur lines. The historic Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka railway line dates back to 1889 while the Ludhiana-Saharanpur line was built in 1870. Situated 200 km (120 mi) north of Delhi, this town is well connected by the rail and road network.[citation needed]
Ambala cantt railway station is main station of the city and is well connected with major cities of India. Kalka-Shimla Railway, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site, also comes under Ambala division.
Ambala Cantonment railway station serves maximum Shatabdi Express after New Delhi. Ambala railway station was mentioned in the famous story 'The Woman on Platform 8' by Ruskin Bond, although in reality there is no platform 8 in Ambala Cantt.
Education[edit]
Ambala has a large number of schools and colleges. Notable colleges are as follows:-
- Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala
- E-Max School of Engineering and Applied Research
- Government Polytechnic College, Ambala
- Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana
- Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur
- Philadelphia Hospital & School of Nursing, Ambala
- Sanatan Dharma College (S.D. College)
- Shri Atmanand Jain Institute of Management and Technology
Notable people[edit]
- Zohrabai Ambalewali
- Hansraj Behl
- Urvashi Butalia
- Simi Chahal
- Juhi Chawla
- Parineeti Chopra
- Swadesh Deepak
- Navneet Kaur Dhillon
- Sanjeev Kapoor
- Manpreet Kaur
- Nasir Kazmi
- Sucheta Kripalani
- Shalabh Kumar
- Selja Kumari
- Kim Philby
- Ash K. Prakash
- Om Puri
- Saghar Siddiqui
- Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Sushma Swaraj
- Zeba
Notes[edit]
- ↑ 1891-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Ambala, which included Ambala Municipality, Ambala Civil Lines, Sadar Bazar Ambala Municipality, and Ambala Cantonment.[19]:30
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Census India. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ↑ IANS (28 January 2010). "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Haryana Gazateer, Revenue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.
- ↑ Bajwa, J.S.; Kaur, R. (2007). Tourism Management. APH Publishing Corporation. ISBN 9788131300473.
- ↑ "Bibliomania: Free Online Literature and Study Guides".
- ↑ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications.
- ↑ Siṅgha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ↑ Singh, Khazan (1970). History of the Sikh Religion. Department of Languages, Punjab. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ↑ Sharma, Suresh K. (1 February 2006). "Haryana: Past and Present". Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788183240468. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ↑ ANI (4 January 2019). "Indian Air Force To Deploy Rafale Jets in Ambala, Hashimara". NDTV. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Nagpal, Bhavey (12 May 2023). "Ambala's 1857 War Memorial likely to be opened by year end". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ↑ "Panel of historians meets to discuss 1857 memorial in Ambala". Times of India. 12 June 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ↑ Satish Chandra Mittal, 1986, Haryana, a Historical Perspective, p58.
- ↑ The Times (London), page 3, 16 November 1949
- ↑ "Station: Ambala Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 35–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana". www.census2011.co.in.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1891 GENERAL TABLES BRITISH PROVINCES AND FEUDATORY STATES VOL I". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901 VOLUME I-A INDIA PART II-TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME XIV PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1921 VOLUME XV PUNJAB AND DELHI PART II TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ "Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana". www.census2011.co.in.
- ↑ "About Cloth Market". Yatra.com. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
- ↑ "How to Reach | District Ambala,Government of Haryana | India". Retrieved 4 September 2022.
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