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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = | | name = Chennai District | ||
| native_name = <!--Please do not add any Indic script to this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy.--> | | native_name = <!--Please do not add any Indic script to this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy.--> | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
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| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption = View of [[Marina Beach]] | | image_caption = View of [[Marina Beach]] | ||
| image_map | | image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes | ||
| map_alt | |frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center | ||
| map_caption | |text= '''Chennai district''' | ||
|type=shape |id=Q15116 | |||
|stroke-colour=#C60C30 | |||
|stroke-width=2 | |||
|title= Chennai district of Tamil Nadu | |||
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu | |||
}} | |||
| map_alt = | |||
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|13|5|2|N|80|16|12|E|region:IN|display=title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|13|5|2|N|80|16|12|E|region:IN|display=title}} | ||
| subdivision_type = [[Country]] | | subdivision_type = [[Country]] | ||
| Line 21: | Line 29: | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[Region]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[ | | subdivision_name2 = [[Cholamandalam|Chola Nadu]] | ||
| established_title = <!-- Established -->India - Pulicat Lake - 023 - lake landscape.jpg | | established_title = <!-- Established -->India - Pulicat Lake - 023 - lake landscape.jpg | ||
| established_date = | | established_date = | ||
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| elevation_footnotes = | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m = | | elevation_m = | ||
| population_total = | | population_total = | ||
| population_as_of = 2011 | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_rank = | | population_rank = | ||
| population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_demonym = | | population_demonym = | ||
| population_footnotes = <ref name=" | | population_footnotes = <ref name="distwebsite"/> | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| Line 79: | Line 87: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Chennai district''', formerly known as '''Madras district''',{{efn|Both of these terms are also often used as metonyms for the [[Chennai metropolitan area]]'s trading and financial services industries, which continue a notable history of being largely based in the | '''Chennai district''', formerly known as '''Madras district''',{{efn|Both of these terms are also often used as metonyms for the [[Chennai metropolitan area]]'s trading and financial services industries, which continue a notable history of being largely based in the city. The name Chennai is colloquially used for a far wider area than just the city. Chennai most often denotes the sprawling Chennai metropolis, including parts from the three districts of Tamil Nadu adjacent to the city/district of Chennai itself. This wider usage of Chennai is documented as far back as 1639, when the Madras Municipal Corporation was created.}} is one of the [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|38 districts]] in the [[Indian state|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is the smallest and the most densely populated district in the state. The district is coterminous with the city of [[Chennai]], which is administered by the [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]. It is surrounded by [[Tiruvallur district]] in the north and the west, [[Kanchipuram district]] in the south-west, [[Chengalpattu district|Chenglpattu district]] in the south, and the [[Bay of Bengal]] in the east. | ||
As of 2011, the district had a population of 4,646,732 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.<ref name="dchb-b" /> Much of the district's population descended from its settlements in the 1st century CE to the [[Middle Ages]], but the diversity has grown much since then. The district consists of only one civic body, the [[megacity]] of Chennai, which forms the core and the most notable portion of the much bigger Chennai [[metropolis]], or officially, the [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]]. In 2018, the district's limits were expanded, aligning with that of the newly expanded Greater Chennai Corporation, which had annexed adjacent municipalities. It resulted in the area being increased from {{convert|175|km2|mi2}} to {{convert|426|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="TH-5Jan" /><ref name="ToI-19Jan">{{cite news|last1=Yogesh|first1=Kabirdoss|title=Chennai district boundaries likely to be redrawn on April 1|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-district-boundaries-likely-to-be-redrawn-on-april-1/articleshow/62560754.cms|work=The Times of India|date=19 January 2018 |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref> The district is divided into three [[revenue division]]s and ten [[taluk]]s. | |||
In 2018, the district limits were expanded, aligning with that of the newly | |||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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| publisher = CMDA | | publisher = CMDA | ||
| url = http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/SeminarOnWaterways/5.pdf | | url = http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/SeminarOnWaterways/5.pdf | ||
| access-date = 30 Dec 2011}}</ref> The terrain is very flat with contours ranging from 2 m to 10 m above [[mean sea level]] with a few isolated hillocks in the southwest beyond the district limits at [[St. Thomas Mount]], [[Pallavaram]] and [[Tambaram]].<ref>[http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume1_English_PDF/Vol1_Chapter09_Macro%20Drainage%20System%20in%20CMA.pdf Chapter IX Macro Drainage System in CMA]</ref> The district runs inland in a rugged semi-circular fashion and its coastline is about 25.60 km (2.5% of the total coastline of Tamil Nadu). Because of its strategic location and economic importance, it is referred to as the "Gateway of South India." The drainage system includes two [[river]]s, namely, [[Cooum River|Cooum]] (flowing in the northern part) and [[Adyar River|Adyar]] (flowing in the southern part), a [[canal]] (the [[Buckingham Canal|Buckingham]]), and a [[stream]] (the [[Otteri Nullah]]) slicing the district into several islands. | | access-date = 30 Dec 2011}}</ref> The terrain is very flat with contours ranging from 2 m to 10 m above [[mean sea level]] with a few isolated hillocks in the southwest beyond the district limits at [[St. Thomas Mount]], [[Pallavaram]] and [[Tambaram]].<ref>[http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume1_English_PDF/Vol1_Chapter09_Macro%20Drainage%20System%20in%20CMA.pdf Chapter IX Macro Drainage System in CMA]</ref> | ||
The district runs inland in a rugged semi-circular fashion and its coastline is about 25.60 km (2.5% of the total coastline of Tamil Nadu). Because of its strategic location and economic importance, it is referred to as the "Gateway of South India." The drainage system includes two [[river]]s, namely, [[Cooum River|Cooum]] (flowing in the northern part) and [[Adyar River|Adyar]] (flowing in the southern part), a [[canal]] (the [[Buckingham Canal|Buckingham]]), and a [[stream]] (the [[Otteri Nullah]]) slicing the district into several islands. | |||
The district falls under [[Seismic hazard|Seismic Zone III]] indicating a moderate risk of [[earthquake]]. Geologically the district is divided into three regions, namely, sandy, clayey and hard-rock regions. The [[soil]] comprises [[clay]], [[shale]] and [[sandstone]].<ref>{{cite news | last = John | first = Ekatha Ann | title = Disaster body for panel to monitor highrises in Chennai | location = Chennai | date = 29 September 2012 | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-29/chennai/34162823_1_ndma-cmda-highrise-buildings | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130429200323/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-29/chennai/34162823_1_ndma-cmda-highrise-buildings | url-status = dead | archive-date = 29 April 2013 | newspaper = [[The Times of India]] | access-date =25 July 2015}}</ref> | The district falls under [[Seismic hazard|Seismic Zone III]] indicating a moderate risk of [[earthquake]]. Geologically the district is divided into three regions, namely, sandy, clayey and hard-rock regions. The [[soil]] comprises [[clay]], [[shale]] and [[sandstone]].<ref>{{cite news | last = John | first = Ekatha Ann | title = Disaster body for panel to monitor highrises in Chennai | location = Chennai | date = 29 September 2012 | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-29/chennai/34162823_1_ndma-cmda-highrise-buildings | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130429200323/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-29/chennai/34162823_1_ndma-cmda-highrise-buildings | url-status = dead | archive-date = 29 April 2013 | newspaper = [[The Times of India]] | access-date =25 July 2015}}</ref> | ||
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== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Chennai district had a population of | According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Chennai district had a population of 4,646,732 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 16.78% and 0.22% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 81.27%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dchb-b">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook Chennai, Part XII - B|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3302_PART_B_DCHB_CHENNAI.pdf|publisher=Census of India 2011|date=16 June 2014}}</ref> With the expanded limits Chennai district had a population of 6,748,026.<ref name="distwebsite">{{Cite web |title=Chennai District {{!}} Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} Gateway of South India {{!}} India |url=https://chennai.nic.in/|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
The district had a total of 154,982 households. There were a total of 1,817,297 workers, comprising 10,210 cultivators, 10,251 main agricultural labourers, 29,143 in house hold industries, 1,569,950 other workers, 197,743 marginal workers, 4,244 marginal cultivators, 3,423 marginal agricultural labourers, 8,202 marginal workers in household industries and 181,874 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Chennai district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=674666|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> | The district had a total of 154,982 households. There were a total of 1,817,297 workers, comprising 10,210 cultivators, 10,251 main agricultural labourers, 29,143 in house hold industries, 1,569,950 other workers, 197,743 marginal workers, 4,244 marginal cultivators, 3,423 marginal agricultural labourers, 8,202 marginal workers in household industries and 181,874 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Chennai district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=674666|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> | ||
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In January 2018, the state government announced that the district will be expanded to match the boundaries of the [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]. This will integrate six additional taluks from [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]] and [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]] districts into the Chennai district. The new divisions and taluks of the district will be:<ref name="TH-5Jan">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-district-doubles-in-size/article22373082.ece |title=Chennai district doubles in size |author=Dennis S. Jesudasan |work=The Hindu |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="ToI-19Jan"/> | In January 2018, the state government announced that the district will be expanded to match the boundaries of the [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]. This will integrate six additional taluks from [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]] and [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]] districts into the Chennai district. The new divisions and taluks of the district will be:<ref name="TH-5Jan">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-district-doubles-in-size/article22373082.ece |title=Chennai district doubles in size |author=Dennis S. Jesudasan |work=The Hindu |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="ToI-19Jan"/> | ||
=== Revenue divisions and taluks === | |||
=== Revenue | |||
* [[North Chennai Revenue Division]], headquartered at [[Tondiarpet]], contains taluks of [[Tiruvottiyur taluk|Tiruvottiyur]], [[Madhavaram taluk|Madhavaram]], [[Perambur taluk|Perambur]], [[Tondiarpet taluk|Tondiarpet]], and [[Purasaiwalkam taluk|Purasaiwalkam]]. | * [[North Chennai Revenue Division]], headquartered at [[Tondiarpet]], contains taluks of [[Tiruvottiyur taluk|Tiruvottiyur]], [[Madhavaram taluk|Madhavaram]], [[Perambur taluk|Perambur]], [[Tondiarpet taluk|Tondiarpet]], and [[Purasaiwalkam taluk|Purasaiwalkam]]. | ||
* [[Central Chennai Revenue Division]], headquartered at [[Ambattur]], contains the taluks of [[Mambalam taluk|Mambalam]], [[Egmore taluk|Egmore]], [[Aminjikarai taluk|Aminjikarai]], [[Ayanavaram taluk|Ayanavaram]], [[Ambattur taluk|Ambattur]], and [[Maduravoyal taluk|Maduravoyal]]. | * [[Central Chennai Revenue Division]], headquartered at [[Ambattur]], contains the taluks of [[Mambalam taluk|Mambalam]], [[Egmore taluk|Egmore]], [[Aminjikarai taluk|Aminjikarai]], [[Ayanavaram taluk|Ayanavaram]], [[Ambattur taluk|Ambattur]], and [[Maduravoyal taluk|Maduravoyal]]. | ||
* [[South Chennai Revenue Division]], headquartered at [[Guindy]], contains the taluks of [[Mylapore taluk|Mylapore]], [[Guindy taluk|Guindy]], [[Velachery taluk|Velachery]], [[Alandur taluk|Alandur]], and [[Sholinganallur taluk|Sholinganallur]]. | * [[South Chennai Revenue Division]], headquartered at [[Guindy]], contains the taluks of [[Mylapore taluk|Mylapore]], [[Guindy taluk|Guindy]], [[Velachery taluk|Velachery]], [[Alandur taluk|Alandur]], and [[Sholinganallur taluk|Sholinganallur]]. | ||
=== | === Members of Parliament === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: .5em; text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: .5em; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 242: | Line 248: | ||
| style="background-color: #FF6666" | DMK | | style="background-color: #FF6666" | DMK | ||
| [[Dayanidhi Maran|M. Dhayanithi Maaran]] | | [[Dayanidhi Maran|M. Dhayanithi Maaran]] | ||
|- | |||
| 5 | |||
| [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]] (partially) | |||
| style="background-color: #FF6666" | DMK | |||
| [[T R Baalu|T.R.Baalu]] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Members of Legislative Assembly === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: .5em; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
!AC No. | !AC No. | ||
| Line 247: | Line 263: | ||
!Political <br />Party | !Political <br />Party | ||
!Elected <br /> Representative | !Elected <br /> Representative | ||
!Lok Sabha Constituency | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 | | 7 | ||
| Line 262: | Line 269: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Karambakkam K. Ganapathy | |Karambakkam K. Ganapathy | ||
|[[Sriperumbudur]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 | | 8 | ||
| Line 267: | Line 275: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Joseph Samuel | |Joseph Samuel | ||
|[[Sriperumbudur]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 | | 9 | ||
| [[Madhavaram (state assembly constituency)|Madhavaram]] | | [[Madhavaram (state assembly constituency)|Madhavaram]] | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|S. Sudarshanam | |S. Sudarshanam | ||
|[[Tiruvallur]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 | | 10 | ||
| Line 277: | Line 287: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|K. P. Shankar | |K. P. Shankar | ||
| [[Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 11 | | 11 | ||
| Line 282: | Line 293: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|J. J. Ebinezer alias Jhon Ebinezer | |J. J. Ebinezer alias Jhon Ebinezer | ||
| [[Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 12 | | 12 | ||
| Line 288: | Line 299: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|R. D. Sekar | |R. D. Sekar | ||
|[[Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 13 | | 13 | ||
| Line 293: | Line 305: | ||
| style="background-color: #FF6666" | DMK | | style="background-color: #FF6666" | DMK | ||
| [[M. K. Stalin]] | | [[M. K. Stalin]] | ||
|[[Chennai Central|Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 14 | | 14 | ||
| Line 298: | Line 311: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|A. Vetri Azhagan | |A. Vetri Azhagan | ||
| [[Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 15 | | 15 | ||
| Line 303: | Line 317: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Thaayagam Kavi alias Sivakumar | |Thaayagam Kavi alias Sivakumar | ||
|[[Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 16 | | 16 | ||
| Line 308: | Line 323: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|I. Parandharaman | |I. Parandharaman | ||
|[[Chennai Central]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 17 | | 17 | ||
| Line 313: | Line 329: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Idream R. Moorthi | |Idream R. Moorthi | ||
| [[Chennai North]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 18 | | 18 | ||
| Line 318: | Line 335: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|[[P. K. Sekar Babu]] | |[[P. K. Sekar Babu]] | ||
|[[Chennai Central]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 19 | | 19 | ||
| Line 323: | Line 341: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] | |[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] | ||
|[[Chennai Central]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 20 | | 20 | ||
| Line 328: | Line 347: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Dr N. Ezhilan | |Dr N. Ezhilan | ||
|[[Chennai Central]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 21 | | 21 | ||
| Line 333: | Line 353: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|M. K. Mohan | |M. K. Mohan | ||
|[[Chennai Central]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 22 | | 22 | ||
| Line 338: | Line 359: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|A. M. V. Prabakhar Raja | |A. M. V. Prabakhar Raja | ||
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 23 | | 23 | ||
| Line 343: | Line 365: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|[[M. Subramaniam|M. Subramanian]] | |[[M. Subramaniam|M. Subramanian]] | ||
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 24 | | 24 | ||
| Line 348: | Line 371: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|J. Karunanidhi | |J. Karunanidhi | ||
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 25 | | 25 | ||
| Line 353: | Line 377: | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Mayilai T. Velu | |Mayilai T. Velu | ||
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 26 | | 26 | ||
| Line 358: | Line 383: | ||
| |INC | | |INC | ||
|J. M. H. Hassan | |J. M. H. Hassan | ||
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 27 | | 27 | ||
| [[Sholinganallur (state assembly constituency)|Sholinganallur]] | | [[Sholinganallur (state assembly constituency)|Sholinganallur]] | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|Aravind Ramesh | |Aravind Ramesh | ||
| [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 28 | | 28 | ||
| [[Alandur (state assembly constituency)|Alandur]] | | [[Alandur (state assembly constituency)|Alandur]] | ||
| |DMK | | |DMK | ||
|[[T. M. Anbarasan]] | |[[T. M. Anbarasan]] | ||
|[[Sriperumbudur]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="font-size: 80%; background-color: #cceeff" colspan=5 | Source: Office of the CEO, Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai District MLA details |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2011_Winner_Runner.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402043414/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2011_Winner_Runner.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-02 }}</ref> Indian Elections / Election Commission of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election results |publisher=Indian Elections |url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/election-result-06.html |access-date=2009-12-23 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208164546/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/election-result-06.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parties Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2008-12-18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City Constituency post-delimitation details |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://164.100.9.199/ecimaps/ECIPDF/Tamilnadu_Maps/Chennai.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810143118/http://164.100.9.199/ecimaps/ECIPDF/Tamilnadu_Maps/Chennai.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-10 }}</ref> | |||
| style="font-size: 80%; background-color: #cceeff" colspan= | |||
|} | |} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]] | * [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]] | ||
* [[Districts of Tamil Nadu]] | * [[Districts of Tamil Nadu]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:03, 14 August 2023
Chennai District | |
|---|---|
 View of Marina Beach | |
| Coordinates: 13°5′2″N 80°16′12″E / 13.08389°N 80.27000°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | File:TamilNadu Logo.svg Tamil Nadu |
| Region | Chola Nadu |
| Headquarters | Chennai |
| Talukas | Alandur, Aminjikarai, Ambattur, Ayanavaram, Egmore, Guindy, Madhavaram, Maduravoyal, Mylapore, Mambalam, Purasawalkam, Perambur, Shollinganallur, Thiruvottiyur, Tondiarpet, Velachery |
| Area | |
| • Total | 426 km2 (164 sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Sex ratio | 989 female / 1000 male[2] |
| Literacy | 90.2%[2] |
| Website | https://chennai.nic.in/ |
Chennai district, formerly known as Madras district,[lower-alpha 1] is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the smallest and the most densely populated district in the state. The district is coterminous with the city of Chennai, which is administered by the Greater Chennai Corporation. It is surrounded by Tiruvallur district in the north and the west, Kanchipuram district in the south-west, Chenglpattu district in the south, and the Bay of Bengal in the east.
As of 2011, the district had a population of 4,646,732 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.[2] Much of the district's population descended from its settlements in the 1st century CE to the Middle Ages, but the diversity has grown much since then. The district consists of only one civic body, the megacity of Chennai, which forms the core and the most notable portion of the much bigger Chennai metropolis, or officially, the Chennai Metropolitan Area. In 2018, the district's limits were expanded, aligning with that of the newly expanded Greater Chennai Corporation, which had annexed adjacent municipalities. It resulted in the area being increased from 175 square kilometres (68 sq mi) to 426 square kilometres (164 sq mi).[1][4] The district is divided into three revenue divisions and ten taluks.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The name Chennai was derived from Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu, the father of a general of the Vijayanagar Empire.[5]
Geography[edit | edit source]
Chennai district covers an area of 426 km2 located on the Eastern Coastal Plains of India. It is situated on the northeastern corner of Tamil Nadu along the Coramandel coast, a region bounded by the Bay of Bengal and is surrounded inland by the districts of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu. It lies between 12°59' and 13°9' of the northern latitude and 80°12' and 80°19' of the eastern longitude at an average altitude of 6 metres above sea level on a 'sandy shelving breaker swept' beach. Terrain slope varies from 1:5000 to 1:10,000.[6] The terrain is very flat with contours ranging from 2 m to 10 m above mean sea level with a few isolated hillocks in the southwest beyond the district limits at St. Thomas Mount, Pallavaram and Tambaram.[7]
The district runs inland in a rugged semi-circular fashion and its coastline is about 25.60 km (2.5% of the total coastline of Tamil Nadu). Because of its strategic location and economic importance, it is referred to as the "Gateway of South India." The drainage system includes two rivers, namely, Cooum (flowing in the northern part) and Adyar (flowing in the southern part), a canal (the Buckingham), and a stream (the Otteri Nullah) slicing the district into several islands.
The district falls under Seismic Zone III indicating a moderate risk of earthquake. Geologically the district is divided into three regions, namely, sandy, clayey and hard-rock regions. The soil comprises clay, shale and sandstone.[8]
Of the total land area, reserved forests cover 2.71 km2 and is concentrated in and around the Guindy National Park region, one of the few national parks in the world located within a city. The forest cover of the district is as follows:[9]
| Class | Area (Ha) | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Dense forest | 151.01 | 1.16 |
| Moderate dense TOF | 121.16 | 0.93 |
| Non-forest | 12,215.56 | 94.06 |
| Open forest | 114.24 | 0.88 |
| Open TOF | 153.73 | 1.18 |
| Water | 231.46 | 1.78 |
| Total | 12,987.16 | 100 |
Climate[edit | edit source]
Chennai has Tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw)
| Climate data for Chennai, India | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33 (91) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
43 (109) |
45 (113) |
43 (109) |
41 (106) |
40 (104) |
39 (102) |
39 (102) |
34 (93) |
33 (91) |
45 (113) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29 (84) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
35 (95) |
38 (100) |
38 (100) |
36 (97) |
35 (95) |
34 (93) |
32 (90) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
33 (92) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19 (66) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
26 (79) |
28 (82) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
24 (75) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14 (57) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
20 (68) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
17 (63) |
15 (59) |
14 (57) |
14 (57) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.2 (0.64) |
3.7 (0.15) |
3.0 (0.12) |
13.6 (0.54) |
48.9 (1.93) |
53.7 (2.11) |
97.8 (3.85) |
149.7 (5.89) |
109.1 (4.30) |
282.7 (11.13) |
350.3 (13.79) |
138.2 (5.44) |
1,266.9 (49.88) |
| Source: Indian Meteorological Department[10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit | edit source]
According to 2011 census, Chennai district had a population of 4,646,732 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.78% and 0.22% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 81.27%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[2] With the expanded limits Chennai district had a population of 6,748,026.[3]
The district had a total of 154,982 households. There were a total of 1,817,297 workers, comprising 10,210 cultivators, 10,251 main agricultural labourers, 29,143 in house hold industries, 1,569,950 other workers, 197,743 marginal workers, 4,244 marginal cultivators, 3,423 marginal agricultural labourers, 8,202 marginal workers in household industries and 181,874 other marginal workers.[11]
Administration and politics[edit | edit source]
In 2013, five taluks on the district were split to create five new ones: Velachery, Purasawalkam, Ayanavaram, Aminjikarai and Guindy.[12]
In January 2018, the state government announced that the district will be expanded to match the boundaries of the Greater Chennai Corporation. This will integrate six additional taluks from Tiruvallur and Kanchipuram districts into the Chennai district. The new divisions and taluks of the district will be:[1][4]
Revenue divisions and taluks[edit | edit source]
- North Chennai Revenue Division, headquartered at Tondiarpet, contains taluks of Tiruvottiyur, Madhavaram, Perambur, Tondiarpet, and Purasaiwalkam.
- Central Chennai Revenue Division, headquartered at Ambattur, contains the taluks of Mambalam, Egmore, Aminjikarai, Ayanavaram, Ambattur, and Maduravoyal.
- South Chennai Revenue Division, headquartered at Guindy, contains the taluks of Mylapore, Guindy, Velachery, Alandur, and Sholinganallur.
Members of Parliament[edit | edit source]
| PC No. | Constituency | Political Party |
Elected Representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Chennai North | DMK | V. Kalanithi Veerasamy |
| 3 | Chennai South | DMK | T. Thamizhachi Thangapandian |
| 4 | Chennai Central | DMK | M. Dhayanithi Maaran |
| 5 | Sriperumbudur (partially) | DMK | T.R.Baalu |
Members of Legislative Assembly[edit | edit source]
| AC No. | Constituency | Political Party |
Elected Representative |
Lok Sabha Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Maduravoyal | DMK | Karambakkam K. Ganapathy | Sriperumbudur |
| 8 | Ambattur | DMK | Joseph Samuel | Sriperumbudur |
| 9 | Madhavaram | DMK | S. Sudarshanam | Tiruvallur |
| 10 | Tiruvottiyur | DMK | K. P. Shankar | Chennai North |
| 11 | Radhakrishnan Nagar | DMK | J. J. Ebinezer alias Jhon Ebinezer | Chennai North |
| 12 | Perambur | DMK | R. D. Sekar | Chennai North |
| 13 | Kolathur | DMK | M. K. Stalin | Chennai North |
| 14 | Villivakkam | DMK | A. Vetri Azhagan | Chennai North |
| 15 | Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar | DMK | Thaayagam Kavi alias Sivakumar | Chennai North |
| 16 | Egmore | DMK | I. Parandharaman | Chennai Central |
| 17 | Royapuram | DMK | Idream R. Moorthi | Chennai North |
| 18 | Harbour | DMK | P. K. Sekar Babu | Chennai Central |
| 19 | Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni | DMK | Udhayanidhi Stalin | Chennai Central |
| 20 | Thousand Lights | DMK | Dr N. Ezhilan | Chennai Central |
| 21 | Anna Nagar | DMK | M. K. Mohan | Chennai Central |
| 22 | Virugampakkam | DMK | A. M. V. Prabakhar Raja | Chennai South |
| 23 | Saidapet | DMK | M. Subramanian | Chennai South |
| 24 | Thiyagaraya Nagar | DMK | J. Karunanidhi | Chennai South |
| 25 | Mylapore | DMK | Mayilai T. Velu | Chennai South |
| 26 | Velachery | INC | J. M. H. Hassan | Chennai South |
| 27 | Sholinganallur | DMK | Aravind Ramesh | Chennai South |
| 28 | Alandur | DMK | T. M. Anbarasan | Sriperumbudur |
| Source: Office of the CEO, Tamil Nadu,[13] Indian Elections / Election Commission of India.[14][15][16] | ||||
See also[edit | edit source]
- Chennai Metropolitan Area
- Districts of Tamil Nadu
- Mumbai City district
- Kolkata district
- National Capital Territory of Delhi
- List of districts of Tamil Nadu
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Both of these terms are also often used as metonyms for the Chennai metropolitan area's trading and financial services industries, which continue a notable history of being largely based in the city. The name Chennai is colloquially used for a far wider area than just the city. Chennai most often denotes the sprawling Chennai metropolis, including parts from the three districts of Tamil Nadu adjacent to the city/district of Chennai itself. This wider usage of Chennai is documented as far back as 1639, when the Madras Municipal Corporation was created.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dennis S. Jesudasan (5 January 2018). "Chennai district doubles in size". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "District Census Handbook Chennai, Part XII - B" (PDF). Census of India 2011. 16 June 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Chennai District | Government of Tamil Nadu | Gateway of South India | India".
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yogesh, Kabirdoss (19 January 2018). "Chennai district boundaries likely to be redrawn on April 1". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ↑ "District Profile, Chennai". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
- ↑ "Session-3 River and Drainage System in CMA" (PDF). CMDA. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ↑ Chapter IX Macro Drainage System in CMA
- ↑ John, Ekatha Ann (29 September 2012). "Disaster body for panel to monitor highrises in Chennai". The Times of India. Chennai. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
- ↑ "Forest at Glance". Tamil Nadu Forest Department. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011.
- ↑ "Climatological Information for Chennai". Indian Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
- ↑ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Chennai district". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ Mariappan, Julie (21 December 2013). "Chennai now has 10 taluks, as govt gets close to you". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ↑ "Chennai District MLA details" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2013.
- ↑ "Election results". Indian Elections. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Parties Statistics". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.
- ↑ "City Constituency post-delimitation details" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2011.
