Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:42, 22 July 2023

"Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" (also called Ram Dhun) is a bhajan (devotional song) widely popularised by Mahatma Gandhi and set to tune by Vishnu Digambar Paluskar in Raga Mishra Gara.^[1]^[2]^[3]

History[edit]

The precise origins of the song are not entirely clear.^[4] It is believed to have been either written by Tulsidas (or based on his work Ramcharitmanas)^[5] or based on a 17th-century sung-prayer by the Marathi saint-poet Ramdas.^[6]^[7]

Anthony Parel writes in Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony,^[8]

[t]he origin of Ramdhun is shrouded in legend. According to the legend that he preferred it was composed by the great Hindu poet Tulsidas (1532-1623). While on a pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu temple of Dakore, Northern India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain with Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed himself as Rama he would not bow his head in prayer. His wish was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his mind with his wife Sita, and three of their devotees. Hence, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning intoxication with God [Ram]

There have been many versions of the Ramdhun, and the version that Mahatma Gandhi used had an "ecumenical flavour" to it. Gandhi modified the original bhajan, adding that the Ishwar of the Hindus and the Allah of the Muslims were one and the same,^[9] to make the song more secular-looking and to spread the message of reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims.^[10] The song was extensively used to project a secular and composite vision of Indian society — it was sung during the 1930 Salt March.^[11]

Lyrics[edit]

Lyrics of the Ramdhun (Gandhi's version)
Hindi^[12]	Transliteration (IAST)^[12]	Translation^[12]
रघुपति राघव राजाराम, पतित पावन सीताराम सीताराम सीताराम, भज प्यारे तू सीताराम ईश्वर अल्लाह तेरो नाम, सब को सन्मति दे भगवान राम रहीम करीम समान हम सब है उनकी संतान सब मिला मांगे यह वरदान हमारा रहे मानव का ज्ञान	raghupati rāghava rājārāma, patita pāvana sītārāma sītārāma, sītārāma, bhaja pyāre tu sītārāma īśvara allāha tero nāma saba ko sanmati de bhagavāna rāma rahīma karīma samāna hama saba hai unakī santāna saba milā māṅge yaha varadāna hamārā rahe mānava kā jñāna	O Lord Rama, descendant of Raghu, Uplifter of the fallen. You and your beloved consort Sita are to be worshipped. All names of God refer to the same Supreme Being, including Ishvara and the Muslim Allah. O Lord, Please give peace and brotherhood to everyone, as we are all your children. We all request that this eternal wisdom of humankind prevail.

In popular culture[edit]

Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie Bharat Milap (1942),^[13] in songs of Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie Jagriti (1954),^[14] Purab Aur Paschim (1970)^[15] and in the film Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998),^[16] in the Kannada film Gandhinagara (1968),^[17] in the British-Indian movie Gandhi (1982),^[18] in the film Gandhi, My Father (2007),^[19] in Satyagraha (2013),^[20] and also in Krrish 3 (2013).^[21]
The song is an important motif in the 2006 Bollywood film, Lage Raho Munna Bhai, and is featured in the movie.^[22]
Pete Seeger included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964)^[23] and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series Rainbow Quest.^{[citation needed]}
The game Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories featured Ananda Shankar's version on one of the in-game radio stations, "Radio del Mundo".^[24]

References[edit]

↑ Lal, Vinay (2014). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence. Houston: The Menil Collection. pp. 244–45.
↑ Dalton, Dennis (1993). Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action. Columbia University Press. p. 109. ISBN 0-231-12237-3.
↑ Sinha, Manjari (8 August 2008). "Tuned to excellence". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
↑ Lal, Vinay (2014). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence. Houston: The Menil Collection. pp. 244–45.
↑ Devi, Vindhya Basini (1998). Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita (in हिन्दी). Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī.
↑ Snodgrass, Cynthia (2007). The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual (PDF) (PhD). University of Stirling. p. 159.
↑ Gokhale, Namita (15 October 2009). In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-420-1.
↑ Parel, Anthony J. (10 August 2006). Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony. Cambridge University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-521-86715-3.
↑ Thapar, Romesh (1998). Seminar. Rarely do they bother to point to his innovation of adding Ishwar Allah Tero Naam to the Tulsidas Ram dhun Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram.
↑ Handoo, Jawaharlal (1998). Folklore in Modern India. Central Institute of Indian Languages. ISBN 978-81-7342-053-5.
↑ "Dandi: Salt March". Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles.
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 Guy L. Beck (17 July 2006). "Hinduism and music". In Guy L. Beck (ed.). Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-88920-421-8.
↑ Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे, retrieved 28 June 2020
↑ "दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)". www.lyricsindia.net. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
↑ "Purab aur Pachhim | Indian Cinema - The University of Iowa". indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu. There is also Francis, a French hippie pal of Orphan, who sacrifices his life to save Bharat in a club brawl and then dies requesting, "Pour l'amour de Dieu....votre chanson" (i.e., the Gandhian anthem Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram), while cradled in Bharat and Orphan's arms in an amazing intercultural pieta.
↑ Indian Horizons. Indian Council for Cultural Relations. 2008. p. 55. ...band of boisterous hippies who energetically throw themselves into singing, "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram." The re-working of one of Gandhi's favourite hymn is effected through wit, humour, irony and even irreverence.
↑ Gandhinagara | Raghupathi Raghava song, retrieved 27 August 2022
↑ "Songs for the 'Great Soul'". ABC Radio National. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
↑ "Gandhi My Father: 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' song | Entertainment - Times of India Videos". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
↑ "Gandhiji's Raghupati Raghav modified for 'Satyagraha' - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
↑ "Watch: 'Raghupati Raghav',a new party anthem from Hrithik Roshan's 'Krrish 3'". The Indian Express. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
↑ Chopra, Vinod (2010). Lage Raho Munna Bhai. Om Books International. ISBN 978-93-80069-75-3.
↑ Pete Seeger - Strangers And Cousins, retrieved 27 August 2022
↑ GTA Liberty City Stories (Radio Del Mundo) Ananda Shankar - Raghupati, retrieved 27 August 2022

Bibliography[edit]

Dalton, Dennis (1993). Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12237-3.

[:0-1] Lal, Vinay (2014). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence. Houston: The Menil Collection. pp. 244–45.

[2] Dalton, Dennis (1993). Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action. Columbia University Press. p. 109. ISBN 0-231-12237-3.

[3] Sinha, Manjari (8 August 2008). "Tuned to excellence". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 April 2009.

[4] Lal, Vinay (2014). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence. Houston: The Menil Collection. pp. 244–45.

[5] Devi, Vindhya Basini (1998). Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita (in हिन्दी). Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī.

[6] Snodgrass, Cynthia (2007). The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual (PDF) (PhD). University of Stirling. p. 159.

[7] Gokhale, Namita (15 October 2009). In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-420-1.

[8] Parel, Anthony J. (10 August 2006). Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony. Cambridge University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-521-86715-3.

[9] Thapar, Romesh (1998). Seminar. Rarely do they bother to point to his innovation of adding Ishwar Allah Tero Naam to the Tulsidas Ram dhun Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram.

[10] Handoo, Jawaharlal (1998). Folklore in Modern India. Central Institute of Indian Languages. ISBN 978-81-7342-053-5.

[11] "Dandi: Salt March". Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles.

[Beck2006-12] 12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 Guy L. Beck (17 July 2006). "Hinduism and music". In Guy L. Beck (ed.). Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-88920-421-8.

[13] Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे, retrieved 28 June 2020

[14] "दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)". www.lyricsindia.net. Retrieved 28 June 2020.

[15] "Purab aur Pachhim | Indian Cinema - The University of Iowa". indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu. There is also Francis, a French hippie pal of Orphan, who sacrifices his life to save Bharat in a club brawl and then dies requesting, "Pour l'amour de Dieu....votre chanson" (i.e., the Gandhian anthem Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram), while cradled in Bharat and Orphan's arms in an amazing intercultural pieta.

[16] Indian Horizons. Indian Council for Cultural Relations. 2008. p. 55. ...band of boisterous hippies who energetically throw themselves into singing, "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram." The re-working of one of Gandhi's favourite hymn is effected through wit, humour, irony and even irreverence.

[17] Gandhinagara | Raghupathi Raghava song, retrieved 27 August 2022

[18] "Songs for the 'Great Soul'". ABC Radio National. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[19] "Gandhi My Father: 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' song | Entertainment - Times of India Videos". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[20] "Gandhiji's Raghupati Raghav modified for 'Satyagraha' - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[21] "Watch: 'Raghupati Raghav',a new party anthem from Hrithik Roshan's 'Krrish 3'". The Indian Express. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[22] Chopra, Vinod (2010). Lage Raho Munna Bhai. Om Books International. ISBN 978-93-80069-75-3.

[23] Pete Seeger - Strangers And Cousins, retrieved 27 August 2022

[24] GTA Liberty City Stories (Radio Del Mundo) Ananda Shankar - Raghupati, retrieved 27 August 2022

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-{{pp-protected|reason=Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced or poorly sourced content]]|small=yes}}
+{{Short description|A devotional song popularised by Gandhi}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
 {{Hinduism}}
-"'''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram'''" (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a [[bhajan]] (devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and set to tune by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalton|first=Dennis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1993|isbn=0-231-12237-3|page=109|author-link=Dennis Dalton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha|first=Manjari|date=2008-08-08|title=Tuned to excellence|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece|access-date=2009-04-27|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
+"'''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram'''" (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a [[bhajan]] (devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and set to tune by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]] in [[Raga]] ''Mishra [[Gara (raga)|Gara]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=Vinay |url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/ |title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence |publisher=The Menil Collection |year=2014 |editor-last=Helfenstein |editor-first=Josef |location=Houston |pages=244–45 |chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram |editor-last2=Newland |editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalton|first=Dennis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1993|isbn=0-231-12237-3|page=109|author-link=Dennis Dalton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha|first=Manjari|date=2008-08-08|title=Tuned to excellence|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece|access-date=2009-04-27|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
 == History ==
-The precise origins of the Ramdhun are not entirely clear and the composer remains unknown.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Vinay|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence|publisher=The Menil Collection|year=2014|editor-last=Helfenstein|editor-first=Josef|location=Houston|pages=244–45|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram|editor-last2=Newland|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Is the Hindu Right's Appropriation of Gandhi Possible?|url=https://thewire.in/history/hindu-rights-gandhi-appropriation|access-date=2021-06-22|website=The Wire}}</ref>
+The precise origins of the song are not entirely clear.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Vinay|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence|publisher=The Menil Collection|year=2014|editor-last=Helfenstein|editor-first=Josef|location=Houston|pages=244–45|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram|editor-last2=Newland|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref> It is believed to have been either written by [[Tulsidas]] (or based on his work [[Ramcharitmanas]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Devi |first=Vindhya Basini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F45jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A7+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22 |title=Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita |date=1998 |publisher=Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī |language=hi |author-link=Bindhyabasini Devi}}</ref> or based on a 17th-century sung-prayer by the [[Marathi people|Marathi]] saint-poet [[Samarth Ramdas|Ramdas]].<ref>{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=Snodgrass |first=Cynthia |date=2007 |title=The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual |publisher=University of Stirling
+|url=https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/555/1/Sounds%20of%20Satyagraha.pdf |pages=159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gokhale |first=Namita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTknAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Marathi+saint-poet+Ramdas%22&pg=PT74 |title=In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology |date=2009-10-15 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-5118-420-1 |language=en |author-link=Namita Gokhale}}</ref>
-The song was extensively used by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to project a secular and composite vision of Indian society — it was sung during the [[Salt March|1930 Salt March]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Gandhi/Dandi.html|title=Dandi: Salt March |access-date= 2007-11-16 |publisher=Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-02|title=On Gandhi Jayanti, remembering Mahatma's most beloved hymns — from Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram to Lead, Kindly Light-Living News , Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/on-gandhi-jayanti-remembering-mahatmas-most-beloved-hymns-from-raghupati-raghava-raja-ram-to-lead-kindly-light-7431061.html|access-date=2021-06-22|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
+[[Anthony Parel]] writes in ''Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parel |first=Anthony J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQhz0fW0HZUC |title=Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony |date=2006-08-10 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86715-3 |pages=167 |language=en}}</ref>
+{{Quote|text=[t]he origin of Ramdhun is shrouded in legend. According to the legend that he preferred it was composed by the great Hindu poet Tulsidas (1532-1623). While on a pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu temple of Dakore, Northern India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain with Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed himself as Rama he would not bow his head in prayer. His wish was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his mind with his wife Sita, and three of their devotees. Hence, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning intoxication with God [Ram]|author=|title=}}
+There have been many versions of the Ramdhun, and the version that Mahatma Gandhi used had an "ecumenical flavour" to it. Gandhi modified the original bhajan, adding that the ''Ishwar'' of the Hindus and the ''Allah'' of the Muslims were one and the same,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thapar |first=Romesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HoBDAAAAYAAJ&q=Tulsidas |title=Seminar |publisher= |year=1998 |pages= |language= |quote=Rarely do they bother to point to his innovation of adding ''Ishwar Allah Tero Naam'' to the Tulsidas Ram dhun ''Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram''. |author-link=Romesh Thapar}}</ref> to make the song more secular-looking and to spread the message of reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Handoo|first=Jawaharlal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThbaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22raghupati+raghav+raja+ram%22|title=Folklore in Modern India|date=1998|publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages|isbn=978-81-7342-053-5|language=en}}</ref> The song was extensively used to project a secular and composite vision of Indian society — it was sung during the [[Salt March|1930 Salt March]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dandi: Salt March |url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/dandi-march/ |access-date= |publisher=Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles}}</ref>
+== Lyrics ==
 {| class="wikitable"
-|+Lyrics of the Ramdhun
+|+Lyrics of the Ramdhun (Gandhi's version)
 !Hindi<ref name="Beck2006">{{cite book|author=Guy L. Beck|title=Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions|date=17 July 2006|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press|isbn=978-0-88920-421-8|editor=Guy L. Beck|page=137|chapter=Hinduism and music|author-link=Guy Beck|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-IeHbqAfSsC&pg=FA137}}</ref>
 !Transliteration ([[IAST]])<ref name="Beck2006" />
@@ Line 57: / Line 65: @@
 ==In popular culture==
-* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm|language=en|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970) and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968), in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)|Gandhi]]'' (1982), in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007), and in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire|''Satyagraha'']] (2013).
+* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm|language=en|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purab aur Pachhim {{!}} Indian Cinema - The University of Iowa |url=https://indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu/purab-aur-pachhim |access-date= |website=indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu |language=en |quote=There is also Francis, a French hippie pal of Orphan, who sacrifices his life to save Bharat in a club brawl and then dies requesting, "Pour l'amour de Dieu....votre chanson" (i.e., the Gandhian anthem Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram), while cradled in Bharat and Orphan’s arms in an amazing intercultural pieta.}}</ref> and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998),<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDpLqgaCVhQC&q=%22Raghupati+Raghav+Raja+Ram%22 |title=Indian Horizons |date=2008 |publisher=Indian Council for Cultural Relations. |pages=55 |language=en |quote=...band of boisterous hippies who energetically throw themselves into singing, "<i>Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram</i>." The re-working of one of Gandhi's favourite hymn is effected through wit, humour, irony and even irreverence.}}</ref> in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968),<ref>{{Citation |title=Gandhinagara {{!}} Raghupathi Raghava song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJKhT4I_bPs |language=en |access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)|Gandhi]]'' (1982),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-18 |title=Songs for the 'Great Soul' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/rhythmdivine/songs-for-the-27great-soul27/5813272 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ABC Radio National |language=en-AU}}</ref> in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi My Father: 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' song {{!}} Entertainment - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/gandhi-my-father-raghupati-raghav-raja-ram-song/videoshow/47894591.cms |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref> in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire|''Satyagraha'']] (2013),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhiji's Raghupati Raghav modified for 'Satyagraha' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gandhijis-raghupati-raghav-modified-for-satyagraha/articleshow/21367641.cms |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and also in ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-12 |title=Watch: 'Raghupati Raghav',a new party anthem from Hrithik Roshan's 'Krrish 3' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/watch-raghupati-raghav-a-new-party-anthem-from-hrithik-roshans-krrish-3/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
-* "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" was the title of a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] movie produced in 1977.
+* The song is an important [[Motif (literature)|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Vinod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4rFDAAAQBAJ |title=Lage Raho Munna Bhai |date=2010 |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-93-80069-75-3 |language=en}}</ref>
-* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964) and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].
+* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964)<ref>{{Citation |title=Pete Seeger - Strangers And Cousins |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/5042126-Pete-Seeger-Strangers-And-Cousins |language=en |access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].{{cn|date=August 2022}}
-* [[Sheila Chandra]] recorded a version titled ''Bhajan'' on her 1992 album ''Weaving My Ancestors' Voices''.
+* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured [[Ananda Shankar]]'s version on one of the in-game radio stations, "Radio del Mundo".<ref>{{Citation |title=GTA Liberty City Stories (Radio Del Mundo) Ananda Shankar - Raghupati |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcIfcUn-R54 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref>
-* Many singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Jagjit Singh]], [[K.S.Chithra]] have recorded the song.
-* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured the song on one of the radio stations [[Radio Del Mundo]].
-*The song is an important [[Motif (literature)|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie
-* [[Rakesh Roshan]]'s superhero film [[Krrish 3]] contains a song named "Raghupati Raghav".
-* The arrangement by Jyotishka Dasgupta is an official piece of Grade 2 Electronic Keyboard from [[Trinity College London]], where it is simply named ''Bhajan''.
 ==See also==
-* [[Vaishnava jana to]]
+* [[Vaishnava Jana To]]
 * [[Hari Tuma Haro]]
 * [[Hanuman Chalisa]]
 * [[Shri Ramachandra Kripalu]]
 * [[Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra]]
-==Notes==
-{{reflist|group=note}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 [[Category:Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]
 [[Category:Bhakti movement]]
+[[Category:Bhajan]]
+[[Category:Hindu devotional songs]]