Janata Dal: Difference between revisions

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| founder = [[V. P. Singh]]
| founder = [[V. P. Singh]]
| dissolution = 1999
| dissolution = 1999
| merger = {{bulleted list|[[Janata Party]]|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]|[[Lok Dal]]|[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)]]|[[Jan Morcha]]}}
| merger = {{bulleted list|[[Janata Party]]|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]|[[Lok Dal]]|[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)]]|[[Jan Morcha]]| [[Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani]]}}
| successor = {{bulleted list|[[Samajwadi Janata Party]]|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]|[[Janata Dal (United)]]|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|[[Biju Janata Dal]]|[[Samajwadi Party]]|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]}}
| successor = {{bulleted list |[[Samata Party]]<ref>{{citation |title=Samata Party |url=https://samataparty.org}}</ref> |[[Samajwadi Janata Party]]|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]|[[Janata Dal (United)]]|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|[[Biju Janata Dal]]|[[Samajwadi Party]]|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]}}
| national = * [[National Front (India)|National Front]]<br>JD : (1989-1990) & (1991-1996)<br>
| national = {{bulletedlist|[[National Front (India)|National Front]] (1988–1996)|[[United Front (India)|United Front]] (1996–1998)}}
* [[Samajwadi Janata Party|SJP]] : (1990-1991)
* [[United Front (India)|United Front]]<br>JD : (1996-1998)
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Green]]
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Green]]
| alliance =  
| alliance =  
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==History==
==History==
[[V. P. Singh]] united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the [[Telugu Desam Party]], the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and the [[Asom Gana Parishad]], together and formed the [[National Front (India)|National Front]] with [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Indian Election History President and V. P. Singh as convenor with outside support from the ([[Right-wing politics|Right-wing Political party]]) [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and ([[Left-wing politics|Left-wing Political party]]) [[Communist Party of India]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] led Left front. They defeated [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Congress (I)]] in the 1989 parliamentary elections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1& | title=V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77 | work=New York Times | date=29 November 2008 | access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Parliamentary Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dDH9q7nVQ8C&pg=PA124|access-date=1 November 2015|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0193-7|pages=124–}}</ref>
[[V. P. Singh]] united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the [[Telugu Desam Party]], the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and the [[Asom Gana Parishad]], together and formed the [[National Front (India)|National Front]] with [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Indian Election History President and [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] as convenor with outside support from the ([[Right-wing politics|Right-wing Political party]]) [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and ([[Left-wing politics|Left-wing Political party]]) [[Communist Party of India]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] led Left front. They defeated [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Congress (I)]] in the 1989 parliamentary elections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1& | title=V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77 | work=New York Times | date=29 November 2008 | access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Parliamentary Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dDH9q7nVQ8C&pg=PA124|access-date=1 November 2015|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0193-7|pages=124–}}</ref>
His government fell after [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], got [[L. K. Advani|Advani]] arrested in [[Samastipur]] and stopped his ''[[Ram Rath Yatra]]'' which was going to [[Ayodhya]] on the site of the Babri Masjid on October 23, 1990 and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] withdrew support. V.P. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on November 7, 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html | title=India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits | work=New York Times | date=8 November 1990 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
His government fell after [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], got [[L. K. Advani|Advani]] arrested in [[Samastipur]] and stopped his ''[[Ram Rath Yatra]]'' which was going to [[Ayodhya]] on the site of the Babri Masjid on October 23, 1990 and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] withdrew support. [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V.P. Singh]] lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on November 7, 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html | title=India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits | work=New York Times | date=8 November 1990 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
In the [[1991 Indian general election]] the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_91.htm | title=INDIA Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha ELECTIONS HELD IN 1991 | publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
In the [[1991 Indian general election]] the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_91.htm | title=India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991 | publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
Janata Dal-led [[United Front (India)|United Front]] formed the government after the [[1996 Indian general election]] with the outside support of the [[Indian National Congress]]. But after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties [[Biju Janata Dal]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Lalu-green-signal-for-Janata-Parivar-unity/articleshow/46816183.cms | title=Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Madan Kumar | date=5 April 2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
Janata Dal-led [[United Front (India)|United Front]] formed the government after the [[1996 Indian general election]] with the outside support of the [[Indian National Congress]]. But after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties [[Biju Janata Dal]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Lalu-green-signal-for-Janata-Parivar-unity/articleshow/46816183.cms | title=Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Madan Kumar | date=5 April 2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>


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|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 3 || [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] || 1997 {{endash}} 1998 || 332 days || {{n/a}} ([[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]) from [[Bihar]] || [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|100px]]
| 3 || [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] || 1997 {{endash}} 1998 || 332 days || {{n/a}} ([[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]) from [[Bihar]] || [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|100px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Electoral Performance
!Year
! colspan="2" |Seats won
! colspan="2" |Votes
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election]]
|143
|{{Increase}} 143
|53,518,521
|{{Increase}} 53,518,521
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election]]
|59
|{{Decrease}} 84
|32,628,400
|{{Decrease}} 2,08,90,121
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election]]
|46
|{{Decrease}} 13
|27,070,340
|{{Decrease}} 55,58,060
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election]]
|6
|{{Decrease}} 40
|11,930,209
|{{Decrease}} 1,51,40,131
|-
| colspan="5" |Party Disintegrated
|}
|}


== Party Presidents ==
== Party Presidents ==
[[V P Singh]] (1989)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last1=Chidan|last2=March 31|first2=Rajghatta|last3=March 31|first3=1989 ISSUE DATE|last4=October 22|first4=1989UPDATED|last5=Ist|first5=2013 18:05|title=Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19890331-karnataka-unit-janata-dal-gets-a-president-815919-1989-03-31|access-date=2021-08-22|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
[[V P Singh]] (1989)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|first=Chidanand|last=Rajghatta|last2=March 31, 1989|title=Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19890331-karnataka-unit-janata-dal-gets-a-president-815919-1989-03-31|access-date=2021-08-22|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>


[[Sharad Yadav]] (1999)<ref name=":1" />
[[Sharad Yadav]] (1999)<ref name=":1" />


== State Units ==
=== State Units ===


=== Karnataka ===
==== Karnataka ====


==== Presidents ====
==== ''Presidents'' ====
[[B. Rachaiah]] (1989)<ref name=":0" />
[[B. Rachaiah]] (1989)<ref name=":0" />


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[[C. Byre Gowda]] (July 1999)<ref name=":1" />
[[C. Byre Gowda]] (July 1999)<ref name=":1" />


==== General Secretary ====
==== ''General Secretary'' ====
[[Jeevaraj Alva]] (1989-1990)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=September 15|first1=Raj Chengappa|last2=September 15|first2=1988 ISSUE DATE|last3=November 21|first3=1988UPDATED|last4=Ist|first4=2013 17:08|title=Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880915-karnataka-new-chief-minister-s-r-bommai-inherits-troubled-legacy-797677-1988-09-15|access-date=2021-08-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
[[Jeevaraj Alva]] (1989-1990)<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Raj Chengappa |date=September 15, 1988 |title=Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880915-karnataka-new-chief-minister-s-r-bommai-inherits-troubled-legacy-797677-1988-09-15|access-date=2021-08-17|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />


[[C. Narayanaswamy]] (1999)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bangalore|first=PARVATHI MENON in|title=The fallout in Karnataka|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30257767.ece|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref>
[[C. Narayanaswamy]] (1999)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|first=Parvathi|last=Menon|title=The fallout in Karnataka|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30257767.ece|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref>
                         
==== Tamil Nadu ====             
==== ''President'' ====   
[[Sivaji Ganesan]]


==Janata Dal factions==
==Janata Dal factions==
===Pro-[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] parties===
===Pro-National Democratic Alliance parties===
* [[Janata Dal (United)]] led by [[Nitish Kumar]]
* [[Janata Dal (United)]] led by [[Nitish Kumar]]
* [[Lok Janshakti Party]] led by [[Chirag Paswan]]
* [[Lok Janshakti Party]] led by [[Chirag Paswan]]
* [[Jannayak Janata Party]] (JJP) led by [[Ajay Singh Chautala]]
* [[Jannayak Janata Party]] (JJP) led by [[Ajay Singh Chautala]]
* [[Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)]] led by [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
* [[Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)]] led by [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
* [[Samta Party]], party of [[George Fernandes]] and now led by [[Jaya Jaitly]] and [[Brahmanand Mandal]]
* [[Samata Party]], party of [[George Fernandes]] and now led by Uday Mandal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uday Mandal – Samata Party|url=https://samataparty.org/uday-mandal/|access-date=2022-02-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Socialist Janata Dal]] led by V. V. Rajendran
* [[Socialist Janata Dal]] led by V. V. Rajendran
* Lok Aawaz Dal led by [[Shambhu Sharan Shrivastava]]
* Lok Aawaz Dal led by [[Shambhu Sharan Shrivastava]]
* Socialist Janata Party (Premraj) led by Attingal Premraj
* Socialist Janata Party (Premraj) led by Attingal Premraj


===Pro-[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] parties===
===Pro-United Progressive Alliance parties===
* [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] led by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
* Janata Dal (UDF) led by John John
* Janata Dal (UDF) led by John John
* [[Indian Socialist Party]] led by [[Thampan Thomas]]
* [[Indian Socialist Party]] led by [[Thampan Thomas]]
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===Non-NDA/UPA parties===
===Non-NDA/UPA parties===
* [[Biju Janata Dal]] led by [[Naveen Patnaik]]
* [[Biju Janata Dal]] led by [[Naveen Patnaik]]
* [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] led by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]](left UPA in July 2021)
* [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] led by [[H. D. Deve Gowda]](left UPA in August 2019)
* [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] led by [[H. D. Deve Gowda]](left UPA in August 2019)
* [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]] led by [[Sharad Yadav]](left UPA in December 2019)
* [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) led by [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] and [[Akhilesh Yadav]]
* [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) led by [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] and [[Akhilesh Yadav]]
* [[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)]] led by [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
* [[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)]] led by [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
* [[Indian National Lok Dal]] (INLD) led by [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
* [[Indian National Lok Dal]] (INLD) led by [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
* [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]  led by [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]]
* [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]  led by [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]]
* [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] led by [[Upendra Kushwaha]] (left NDA in December 2018)
* [[Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik]] led by [[Pappu Yadav]]
* [[Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik]] led by [[Pappu Yadav]]
* [[Garib Janta Dal (Secular)]] led by [[Sadhu Yadav]]
* [[Garib Janta Dal (Secular)]] led by [[Sadhu Yadav]]
Line 107: Line 139:


===Defunct parties===
===Defunct parties===
* [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] led by [[Upendra Kushwaha]] (merged with [[Janata Dal United]])
* [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]] led by [[Sharad Yadav]] (merged with [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]])
* [[Socialist Janata Party]] led by Manju Mohan (merged with [[Socialist Party (India), 2011|Socialist Party (India)]])
* [[Socialist Janata Party]] led by Manju Mohan (merged with [[Socialist Party (India), 2011|Socialist Party (India)]])
* [[Samras Samaj Party]] led by Nagmani (merged with [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]]) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|title=Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP|website=News.webindia123.com|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Samras Samaj Party]] led by Nagmani (merged with [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]]) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|title=Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP|website=News.webindia123.com|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
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* [[Janata Dal (Ajit)]] led by [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]])
* [[Janata Dal (Ajit)]] led by [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]])
* [[Janata Dal (Socialist)]] led by Late [[Chandra Shekhar]], [[Devi Lal]], [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] (renamed as Late [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]])
* [[Janata Dal (Socialist)]] led by Late [[Chandra Shekhar]], [[Devi Lal]], [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] (renamed as Late [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]])
* Punjab Janata Morcha (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was a [[Sikh]] [[political party]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president Kirpal Singh announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the [[Jan Morcha]] by 2003.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/from-lucknow-to-delhi-parties-that-died-with-their-founders-4442605/ | title=From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders | date=24 December 2016 | newspaper=The Indian Express | access-date=27 June 2018 }}</ref>
* [[Punjab Janata Morcha]] (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was a [[Sikh]] [[political party]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president Kirpal Singh announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the [[Jan Morcha]] by 2003.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/from-lucknow-to-delhi-parties-that-died-with-their-founders-4442605/ | title=From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders | date=24 December 2016 | newspaper=The Indian Express | access-date=27 June 2018 }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Samata Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samata Party – Official Website |url=https://samataparty.org/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[List of Janata Dal breakaway parties]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:45, 8 May 2022


Janata Dal
AbbreviationJD
FounderV. P. Singh
Founded11 October 1988 (37 years ago) (1988-10-11)
Dissolved1999
Merger of
Succeeded by
National affiliation
Colours  Green

Janata Dal (“People’s Party”) was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Jagjivan), and the Jan Morcha united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.[2][3]

History[edit | edit source]

V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the Telugu Desam Party, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Asom Gana Parishad, together and formed the National Front with N. T. Rama Rao as Indian Election History President and V. P. Singh as convenor with outside support from the (Right-wing Political party) Bharatiya Janata Party and (Left-wing Political party) Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left front. They defeated Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections.[4][5] His government fell after Lalu Prasad Yadav, got Advani arrested in Samastipur and stopped his Ram Rath Yatra which was going to Ayodhya on the site of the Babri Masjid on October 23, 1990 and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. V.P. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on November 7, 1990.[6] In the 1991 Indian general election the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in Lok Sabha.[7] Janata Dal-led United Front formed the government after the 1996 Indian general election with the outside support of the Indian National Congress. But after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties Biju Janata Dal, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United).[8]

Ascent to power[edit | edit source]

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
V. P. Singh

It first came to power in 1989, after allegations of corruption, known as the Bofors scandal, caused Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) to lose the elections. The National Front coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the Left Front and the Bharatiya Janata Party. V. P. Singh was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by Chandra Shekhar under Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, Chandra Shekhar, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V.P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty Lok Sabha members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
I. K. Gujral

Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led United Front coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under Sitaram Kesri, choosing H. D. Deve Gowda as their prime minister. The congress withdrew their support in less than a year, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and I. K. Gujral became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the Bharatiya Janata Party.

List of prime ministers[edit | edit source]

No. Prime ministers Year Duration Constituency Image
1 Vishwanath Pratap Singh 1989 – 1990 343 days Fatehpur Error creating thumbnail: File missing
2 H. D. Deve Gowda 1996 – 1997 324 days N/A (Rajya Sabha MP) from Karnataka Error creating thumbnail: File missing
3 Inder Kumar Gujral 1997 – 1998 332 days N/A (Rajya Sabha MP) from Bihar Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Electoral Performance
Year Seats won Votes
1989 Indian general election 143 Increase 143 53,518,521 Increase 53,518,521
1991 Indian general election 59 Decrease 84 32,628,400 Decrease 2,08,90,121
1996 Indian general election 46 Decrease 13 27,070,340 Decrease 55,58,060
1998 Indian general election 6 Decrease 40 11,930,209 Decrease 1,51,40,131
Party Disintegrated

Party Presidents[edit | edit source]

V P Singh (1989)[9]

Sharad Yadav (1999)[10]

State Units[edit | edit source]

Karnataka[edit | edit source]

Presidents[edit | edit source]

B. Rachaiah (1989)[9]

Siddaramaiah (Feb 1999)[11]

C. Byre Gowda (July 1999)[10]

General Secretary[edit | edit source]

Jeevaraj Alva (1989-1990)[12][9]

C. Narayanaswamy (1999)[10]

Tamil Nadu[edit | edit source]

President[edit | edit source]

Sivaji Ganesan

Janata Dal factions[edit | edit source]

Pro-National Democratic Alliance parties[edit | edit source]

Pro-United Progressive Alliance parties[edit | edit source]

Non-NDA/UPA parties[edit | edit source]

Defunct parties[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Samata Party
  2. ↑ N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-81-8069-092-1. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  3. ↑ India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. 2010. pp. 334–. ISBN 978-81-317-2567-2. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  4. ↑ "V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77". New York Times. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  5. ↑ Indian Parliamentary Democracy. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-81-269-0193-7. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  6. ↑ "India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits". New York Times. 8 November 1990. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity". Madan Kumar. The Times of India. 5 April 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Rajghatta, Chidanand; March 31, 1989. "Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president". India Today. Retrieved 2021-08-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Menon, Parvathi. "The fallout in Karnataka". Frontline. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  11. ↑ "Rediff On The NeT: Spectre of split returns to haunt JD". inwww.rediff.com. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  12. ↑ Raj Chengappa (September 15, 1988). "Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy". India Today. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  13. ↑ "Uday Mandal – Samata Party". Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  14. ↑ "Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP". News.webindia123.com. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  15. ↑ "Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala : South, News - India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. 2014-12-29. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  16. ↑ "SJD Merges with Sharad Yadav's Janata Dal (United)". The New Indian Express. 2014-12-29. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  17. ↑ "From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders". The Indian Express. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  18. ↑ "Samata Party – Official Website". Retrieved 2022-04-25.

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