Ram Mandir

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia
Information red.svg
Scan the QR code to donate via UPI
Dear reader, We need your support to keep the flame of knowledge burning bright! Our hosting server bill is due on June 1st, and without your help, Bharatpedia faces the risk of shutdown. We've come a long way together in exploring and celebrating our rich heritage. Now, let's unite to ensure Bharatpedia continues to be a beacon of knowledge for generations to come. Every contribution, big or small, makes a difference. Together, let's preserve and share the essence of Bharat.

Thank you for being part of the Bharatpedia family!
Please scan the QR code on the right click here to donate.

0%

   

transparency: ₹0 raised out of ₹100,000 (0 supporter)



For other uses, see Ram Mandir (disambiguation).

Ram Mandir
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DeityRam Lalla (infant form of Rama)
Governing bodyShri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra
StatusUnder construction
Location
LocationRam Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya
StateUttar Pradesh
CountryIndia
Ram Mandir is located in Uttar Pradesh
Ram Mandir
Shown within Uttar Pradesh
Ram Mandir is located in India
Ram Mandir
Ram Mandir (India)
Geographic coordinates26°47′44″N 82°11′39″E / 26.7956°N 82.1943°E / 26.7956; 82.1943Coordinates: 26°47′44″N 82°11′39″E / 26.7956°N 82.1943°E / 26.7956; 82.1943
Architecture
Architect(s)Sompura family[lower-alpha 1]
TypeHindu temple architecture
StyleNagara style
CreatorShri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra
Groundbreaking5 August 2020; 3 years ago (2020-08-05)[3]
Completed22 January 2024; 16 days ago (2024-01-22)[4]
Height (max)161 feet (49 m)[5]
Site area2.7 acres (1.1 ha)[5]
Temple(s)1 central temple with 6 more joined around it as one temple complex
Website
Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra
Ayodhya dispute
Organizations

The Ram Mandir is a Hindu temple under construction in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located at the site of Ram Janmabhoomi, widely believed to be the birthplace of Rama, a principal deity of Hinduism.[6][7]

The site is the former location of the Babri Masjid which was built in 16th century CE after the demolition of an existing non-Islamic structure. The idols of Rama and Sita were placed in the mosque in 1949, before it was attacked and demolished in 1992.[8][9][10] In 2019, the Supreme Court of India delivered the verdict to give the disputed land to Hindus for construction of a temple, while Muslims would be given land elsewhere to construct a mosque.[11] The court referenced a report from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as evidence suggesting the presence of a structure beneath the demolished Babri Masjid, that was found to be non-Islamic.[12] However, ASI claims were heavily disputed by critics[13][14] as contradictory, dubious, and being the product of nationalistic manipulation.[15][16][17]

The bhumi pujan (transl. ground breaking ceremony) for the commencement of the construction of Ram Mandir was performed on 5 August 2020, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[18] The temple, currently under construction, is being supervised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust. The inauguration of the temple is scheduled for 22 January 2024.[19]

The temple has attracted a number of controversies due to alleged misuse of donation, sidelining of its major activists and politicisation of the temple by the BJP.[20][21][22][23]

History[edit]

See also: Ram Janmabhoomi and Ayodhya dispute

Ancient and Medieval[edit]

Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu, is a Hindu deity. According to the ancient Indian epic, Ramayana, Rama was born in Ayodhya.[24]

In the 16th century, the temple was attacked and destroyed by Babur in his series of temple raids across northern India.[25] Later, the Mughals constructed a mosque, the Babri Masjid, which is believed to be the site of the Ram Janmabhoomi, the birthplace of Rama.[26] The earliest record of the mosque may be traced back to 1767, in the Latin book Descriptio Indiae, authored by the Jesuit missionary Joseph Tiefenthaler. According to him, the mosque was constructed by destroying the Ramkot temple, believed to be the fortress of Rama in Ayodhya, and the Bedi, where the birthplace of Rama is situated.[27]

The first instance of religious violence was documented in 1853.[28] In December 1858, the British administration prohibited Hindus from conducting puja (rituals) at the contested site. A platform was created for conducting rituals outside the mosque.[29]

Modern[edit]

The murtis (transl. sacred images) of Rama and Sita were installed inside the Babri Masjid on the night of 22–23 December 1949 and the devotees began to gather from the next day.[8][30] By 1950, the state took control of the mosque under section 145 CrPC and allowed Hindus, not Muslims, to perform their worship at the site.[31]

In the 1980s, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), belonging to the Hindu nationalist family, Sangh Parivar, launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama (Ram Lalla) at this spot. The VHP began to collect funds and bricks with "Jai Shri Ram" written on them. Later, the government under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi gave the VHP permission for Shilanyas (transl. the foundation stone ceremony) to proceed, with the then Home Minister, Buta Singh, formally conveying the permission to the VHP leader, Ashok Singhal. Initially, the Government of India and Government of Uttar Pradesh had agreed that the shilanyas would be conducted outside of the disputed site. However, on 9 November 1989, a group of VHP leaders and Sadhus laid the foundation stone by digging a 200-litre (7-cubic-foot) pit adjacent to the disputed land. The singhdwar (transl. main entrance) of the sanctum sanctorum was constructed there.[32] The VHP then laid the foundations of a temple on the land adjacent to the disputed mosque. On 6 December 1992, the VHP and the Bharatiya Janata Party organised a rally at the site involving 150,000 volunteers, known as karsevaks. The rally turned violent, the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and tore down the mosque.[33][34]

The demolition of the mosque resulted in several months of inter-communal violence between India's Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the death of an estimated 2,000 people in Bombay (now Mumbai) as a direct consequence, and triggering riots all over the Indian subcontinent.[35] A day after the demolition of the mosque, on 7 December 1992, The New York Times reported that over 30 Hindu temples across Pakistan were attacked, some set on fire, and one was demolished. Hindu temples in Bangladesh were also attacked.[33]

On 5 July 2005, five terrorists attacked the makeshift Ram temple at the site of the destroyed Babri Masjid in Ayodhya. All five were shot dead in the ensuing encounter with the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), while one civilian died in the grenade attack that the attackers launched to breach the cordoned wall. The CRPF suffered three casualties, two of whom were seriously injured with multiple gunshot wounds.[36][37]

Two archaeological excavations in 1978 and 2003 conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) found evidence indicating that the Hindu temple's remains existed on the site.[38][39] Archaeologist K. K. Muhammed accused several left-leaning historians of undermining the findings.[40] Over the years, various title and legal disputes took place, such as the passage of the Acquisition of Certain Area at Ayodhya Act in 1993. In 2010, the Allahabad High Court ruled that the 2.77 acres (1.12 ha) of disputed land be divided into 3 parts, with ​1⁄3 going to the Ram Lalla or Infant Lord Rama represented by the Hindu Mahasabha for the construction of the Ram temple, ​1⁄3 going to the Muslim Sunni Waqf Board and the remaining ​1⁄3 going to a Hindu religious denomination Nirmohi Akhara.[6][41] All the three parties involved appealed against the division of disputed land to the Supreme Court.[42][43]

In Supreme Court's verdict on the Ayodhya dispute in 2019, it was decided that the disputed land would be handed over to a trust formed by the Government of India for the construction of a Ram temple. The trust was eventually formed under the name of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. On 5 February 2020, it was announced in the Parliament of India that the government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi had accepted a plan to construct the temple. Two days later, on 7 February, five acres of land were allocated for a new mosque to be built 22 km (14 mi) away from Ayodhya in Dhannipur village.[44][45]

Architecture[edit]

See also: Hindu temple architecture

The original design for Ram Mandir was devised in 1988 by the Sompura family of Ahmedabad.[2] The Sompuras have contributed to the design of over 100 temples worldwide for at least 15 generations, including the Somnath temple.[46] The chief architect of the temple was Chandrakant Sompura, assisted by his two sons, Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura, who are also architects.[47]

A new design, with some changes from the original, was prepared by the Sompuras in 2020,[47] per the Hindu texts, the Vastu shastra and the Shilpa shastras.[48] The temple will be 250 feet wide, 380 feet long and 161 feet (49 m) high.[49] Once complete, the temple complex will be the world's third largest Hindu temple.[47] It is designed in the Gurjara-Chaulukya style of Nagara style architecture, a type of Hindu temple architecture found primarily in northern India.[46] A model of the proposed temple was showcased during the Prayag Kumbh Mela in 2019.[50]

The temple's main structure will be built on a raised platform with three storeys. It will have five mandapas in the middle of the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) and on the entrance passage. Three mandapas on one side shall be of Kudu, Nritya and Rang, and the two mandapas on the other side will be of Kirtan and Prarthana. In Nagara style, the mandapas are to be decorated with shikhara.[51][52]

The building will have a total of 366 columns. The columns will have 16 idols each to include the incarnations of Shiva, the 10 Dashavataras, the 64 Chausath Yoginis, and the 12 incarnations of the goddess Saraswati. The width of the stairs will be 16 feet (4.9 m). Per scriptures dedicated to the design of temples dedicated to Vishnu, the sanctum sanctorum will be octagonal.[48] The temple will be built in 10 acres (0.040 km2), and 57 acres (0.23 km2) of land will be developed into a complex with a prayer hall, a lecture hall, an educational facility and other facilities including a museum and a cafeteria.[32] According to the temple committee, over 70,000 people will be able to visit the site.[53] Larsen & Toubro offered to oversee the design and construction of the temple free of cost, and became the contractor of the project.[54][55] The Central Building Research Institute, National Geophysical Research Institute and the Bombay, Guwahati and Madras IITs are assisting in areas such as soil testing, concrete and design.[56][57]

The construction work will be accomplished with 600,000 cu ft (17,000 m3) of sandstone from Baansi in Rajasthan.[48] There will be no use of iron in the construction of the temple, and the fusing of the stone blocks will require ten thousand copper plates.[58] In a culturally significant move, Thailand is also symbolically contributing to the inauguration of the Ram Mandir, by sending soil to the Ram Janmabhoomi, building on their prior gesture of sending water from two rivers in Thailand to honour the temple.[59]

Deity[edit]

Ram Lalla Virajman, the infant form of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, is the presiding deity of the temple.[60] Ram Lalla's dress was stitched by tailors Bhagwat Prasad and Shankar Lal, a fourth generation tailor to Rama's idol.[61] Ram Lalla was a litigant in the court case over the disputed site in 1989, being considered a "juristic person" by the law.[2] He was represented by Triloki Nath Pandey, a senior VHP leader who was considered Ram Lalla's closest 'human' friend.[60] According to the temple trust, the final blueprint includes temples dedicated to Surya, Ganesha, Shiva, Durga, Vishnu and Brahma in the temple grounds.[62] Two idols of Ram Lalla (one of them being 5 years old) will be placed in the sanctum of the temple.[53]

On 29 December 2023, the selection of the idol of Ram Lalla for the Ayodhya Ram temple was done through a voting process. Karnataka-based sculptor Arun Yogiraj created the idol of Rama.[63][64][65]

Construction[edit]

See also: 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute

The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust began the first phase of construction of the Ram Mandir in March 2020.[66][67] The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India caused a temporary suspension of the construction.[68][69] On 25 March 2020, Ram's idol was moved to a temporary location in the presence of the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath.[70] In preparation for the temple's construction, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) organised a 'Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan', in which individuals would gather at different places to chant the 'Vijay Mahamantra' – Shri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram, on 6 April 2020. This was said to ensure "victory over hurdles" in constructing the temple.[71]

It has been officially announced that 22 January 2024 is the scheduled date for the installation of the Lord Ram idol in the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) by Champat Rai, the General Secretary of the Sri Ram Janmbhoomi Kshetra Trust. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on 25 October 2023, was extended a formal invitation to attend the ceremony.[72]

Bhumi Pujan ceremony[edit]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi performing Bhoomi Poojan or the groundbreaking ceremony for Ram Mandir. Also visible are the chief of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Mohan Bhagwat, and the former Chief Minister of Gujarat, Anandiben Patel.

The temple construction officially started again after a Bhumi-Pujan (transl. ground breaking ceremony) on 5 August 2020. The three-day long Vedic ritual was held ahead of the groundbreaking ceremony, which revolved around the installation of a 40 kg (88 pounds) silver brick as the foundation stone by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[2] On the day before on 4 August, the Ramarchan Puja (transl. Puja of Shri Ram's feet) was performed, in order to invite all the major deities into the temple.[73]

On the occasion of the Bhoomi Poojan, soil and holy water were collected from several religious places across India, such as the Triveni Sangam of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati at Prayagraj, as well as the Kaveri river in its orgin at Talakaveri in Karnataka and the Kamakhya Temple in Assam.[74][75][76] Soil was also sent from various Hindu temples, Gurudwaras and Jain temples across the nation, as well as from the four pilgrimage locations of Char Dham, to bless the temple.[77][78][79]

On 5 August, Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered prayers at the Hanuman Garhi Temple in Ayodhya to seek blessings of Lord Hanuman for the day's events.[80][81] The groundbreaking ceremony of Ram Mandir took place following this.[80] The Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, Chief of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Mohan Bhagwat, Chief of the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas and Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra, Nritya Gopal Das and PM Narendra Modi gave speeches.[80][82][83]

2021–present[edit]

The temple trust decided to launch a nationwide "mass contact and contribution campaign" aimed at reaching 55–600 million people.[57] Voluntary donations of ₹1 (1.4¢ US) and higher were accepted.[84] On 1 January 2021, former President Ram Nath Kovind made the first contribution towards the construction of the Ram Mandir by donating more than ₹5 lakh (US$7,000).[85] Several leaders and notable personalities across the nation followed this. By April 2021, around ₹5,000 crore (US$700 million) was collected from donations across India.[86][87] Nearly 150,000 VHP activists participated in collecting donations. The temple trust also received donations from the members of the Muslim and Christian communities.[88]

In August 2021, a viewing location was created for the public to observe the construction works in the temple site.[89] Following the groundbreaking ceremony, up to 40 feet (12 m) of debris were removed and the remaining earth compacted.[90] The foundation was made using roller-compacted concrete.[91] A total of 47–48 layers, each layer one foot high, were completed by mid-September 2021.[90][92] Due to electricity supply issues in Mirzapur, the cutting of the sandstone was slowed down.[62] In the beginning of 2022, a video was released by the temple trust, showing the planned construction of the temple in 3D along with other related information.[93][94][5]

In January 2023, two 60 million-year-old Shaligram rocks, 26 tonnes and 14 tonnes respectively, were sent from the Gandaki river in Nepal. These rocks were used to carve the idol of Ram Lalla in the sanctum sanctorum.[95] As of May 2023, according to the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, 70% of the groundwork had been completed and 40% of the roof work had been completed.[96] As of December 2023, the entire base, along with the six smaller temples that will surround the main temple, which consists the sanctum sanctorum, are almost completed and is on track to be completed by 22 January 2024.[97]

Consecration[edit]

In preparation for the pran pratishtha (consecration) ceremony, the Government of Uttar Pradesh has earmarked ₹100 crore (US$14 million) for 'Ramotsav,' a series of religious events spanning 826 local bodies across Uttar Pradesh and the Ram Paduka Yatra. Commencing in December 2023, the events will culminate in grand celebrations from Makar Sankranti on 16 January 2024, until the inauguration of the Ram temple on 22 January. The yatra will follow the Ram Van Gaman Path, retracing Rama's 14-year exile from Ayodhya.[98] Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with RSS Sarsanghchalak, Congress leaders and leaders from other opposition political parties have been invited for the consecration ceremony.[99][100] The guest list also includes India's industrialists, scientists, actors, army officers, spiritual leaders and Padma awardees.[101][102]

Controversies[edit]

Alleged donation scam[edit]

In 2015, Hindu Mahasabha, among the leading organisation involved in the Ram Mandir issue, alleged BJP affiliate Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) of carrying out donation scam of over ₹1,400 crore (US$200 million) over the construction of the temple. VHP has denied this allegation.[21]

In 2019, Nirmohi Akhara accused VHP of carrying out ₹1,400 crore (US$200 million) scam over the temple.[20] Former Chief Ministers of Karnataka, H. D. Kumaraswamy and Siddaramaiah, the current Chief Minister of Karnataka, strongly questioned the methods of fund collection.[103][104] After failing to raise the desired amount, the headmistress of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh school experienced bullying, and was subsequently suspended.[105][106]

Sidelining of the major activists[edit]

In 2017, Hindu Mahasabha criticised BJP, Bajrang Dal and other Sangh Parivar organisations for hijacking the Ram Mandir despite having no involvement in its long battle.[107] National vice-president of Hindu Mahasabha, Pandit Ashok Sharma added that his organisation pursued the fight but it was "later hijacked by BJP and its other saffron affiliates".[22]

In 2020, Pramod Joshi, national spokesperson of Hindu Mahasabha, said that the real credit of Ram Mandir belongs to Hindu Mahasabha but "Hindu Mahasabha has been kept away from the bhoomi pujan of the Ram temple and in reality, we should have performed the bhoomi pujan of the temple". He added that the committee for the temple was formed at the BJP's central office and Hindu Mahasabha was sidelined.[108]

Temple's construction[edit]

A number of Hindutva proponents including online social media influencers, have raised objection over the temple's construction with regards to its design and involvement of the Muslims. They find Islamic motifs in the Ram Mandir. Champat Rai, the general secretary of the Ram Mandir trust, responded to these concerns by saying that temple is being sculpted by the experts and there could be no question about their religion.[109]

Politicisation of the temple[edit]

In 2020, Nirmohi Akhara national spokesperson Mahant Sitaram Das criticised the BJP's decision to lay the foundation of the temple by Narendra Modi and said that the work of the temple should be done only by the religious priests.[23] Hindu Mahasabha National vice-president Pandit Ashok Sharma said that the BJP "got the entire thing politicised".[22]

A number of opposition parties as well as BJP members have criticised the BJP for politicising the temple and using it for gaining political mileage.[110] Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge had questioned the authority of Home Minister Amit Shah after he declared the opening date of the temple.[111] BJP leader Subramanian Swamy questioned Modi's involvement in Ram Mandir's inauguration.[112] Congress MP Shashi Tharoor has criticised the Indian media for diverting attention from critical governance issues by overly focusing on the temple.[113]

Reactions to Bhumi-pujan ceremony[edit]

Some priests and religious leaders such as Swaroopanand Saraswati complained stated that the 5 August was not a ritually auspicious date. They also complained that the ceremony did not follow proper ritual procedures. They also and that the function did not include a havan.[114][115] In this respect, writer and activist Arundhati Roy, a noted critic of PM Modi, pointed out that the chosen date marked one year since the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir.[116][35] Pakistan made an official statement through its foreign office criticising India for commencing construction of the temple, due to the history of the site.[117] On the contrary, various Indian political leaders praised the groundbreaking ceremony.[118]

Consecration controversy[edit]

The four Shankaracharyas, the highest gurus of Advaita Vedanta, would not be part of the ceremony to inaugurate the Ram Temple.[119][120][121]

In popular culture[edit]

Uttar Pradesh tableau in the Republic Day parade of 2021.
A 32-foot model of Ram Mandir displayed during Diwali of 2020 at Pacific Mall in New Delhi.[122][123]

During the 2021 Republic Day parade on Rajpath, Uttar Pradesh's tableau showcased a replica of the Ram Mandir.[124] In October 2023, Durga puja celebrations in Santosh Mitra Square, Kolkata exhibited a replica of Ram Mandir, along with other notable buildings around the world. [125][126]

Slogans[edit]

Mandir wahi banayenge (transl. The temple will be built exactly there) is an expression in Hindi, and has become one of the most popular slogans concerning the Ram Janmabhoomi movement and Ram Mandir. It has been used as early as 1985–86, was popularised in the 1990s, and has several variations.[127][128]

It has been a symbol of hope and it has become a part of festivities, and has also become a part of stand-up comedy, jokes and memes.[129][verification needed] In 2019, the slogan was used in the Parliament of India,[129] and it has also been used by media houses.[130][131] The slogan has been used as a threat as well as a vow.[132]

There are variations of the slogan such as one used by Lal Krishna Advani: "Saugandh Ram ki Khat-e hain; Hum Mandir Wahin Banayegein" (transl. We take a vow of Rama that we will build the temple exactly there).[127] Other variations and adaptations include "Wahin Banega Mandir" (transl. A temple will be built there),[130] "Jaha Ram Ka Janma Hua Tha, Hum Mandir Wahi Banayenge" (transl. The temple will be built where Ram was born),[128] "Ram Lalla Hum Aayenge; Mandir Wahi Banayenge" (transl. Ram Lalla, we will come, the temple will be built there or Ram Lalla we will come to construct a Mandir exactly there.)[128] and "Pehle mandir, fir sarkaar" (transl. First the temple, then the government).[133]

Books[edit]

  • The Battle for Rama (Case of the Temple at Ayodhya) by Meenakshi Jain.

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ Chandrakant Sompura[1]
    Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura[2]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Umarji, Vinay (15 November 2019). "Chandrakant Sompura, the man who designed a Ram temple for Ayodhya". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Pandey, Alok (23 July 2020). "Ayodhya's Ram Temple Will Be 161-Foot Tall, An Increase Of 20 Feet". NDTV. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  3. ↑ Gaur, Vatsala (5 August 2020). "PM Modi lays foundation stone of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, says wait of centuries has ended". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  4. ↑ "'Prana Pratishta' at Ram Mandir to be held on January 22: Nripendra Misra". Business Standard. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Ram Temple: Second phase of foundation expected to be completed by Jan end". Livemint. 15 January 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "BBC". 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  7. ↑ Bajpai, Namita (7 May 2020). "Land levelling for Ayodhya Ram temple soon, says mandir trust after video conference". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxxii. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  9. ↑ Sethi, M. (2021). Communities and Courts: Religion and Law in Modern India. Routledge South Asian History and Culture Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-00-053785-7. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  10. ↑ Lal, Makkhan (20 March 2019). "Historical texts prove that a temple was destroyed in Ayodhya to build the Babri Masjid". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  11. ↑ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  12. ↑ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  13. ↑ Sharma, Betwa (20 January 2019). "Babri Revisited: ASI Suppressed Animal Bone Findings At Mosque Site". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  14. ↑ "Ayodhya verdict yet another blow to secularism: Sahmat". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 3 October 2010. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  15. ↑ Habib, Irfan (3 January 2011). History & Judgement of Allahabad High Court in Ramjanmabhumi and Babri Masjid Case. Retrieved 8 August 2020. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ "Archeologist Who Observed Dig Says No Evidence of Temple Under Babri Masjid". The Wire. 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  17. ↑ Pankaj, Jayant (6 December 2021). "Rama Janmabhoomi Issue: Exposing the myth behind the narrative". The International. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  18. ↑ "Six temples of different deities in Ayodhya Ram temple's final blueprint". The Hindu. PTI. 13 September 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  19. ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (16 November 2023). "Ayodhya Ram temple will open to the public on this date". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Ram Temple: Nirmohi Akhada accuses VHP of financial scam over funds collected for building mandir". news.abplive.com. 30 January 2019. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Verma, Lalmani (16 July 2015). "Ram Temple in Ayodhya: Hindu Mahasabha claims VHP 'pocketed' Rs 1,400 cr; Singhal rubbishes charge". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Rai, Sandeep (6 December 2017). "We were real architects of Ram temple movement: Hindu Mahasabha". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Jaiswal, Anuja (24 July 2020). "Leave bhoomi pujan to saints: Nirmohi Akhara spokesperson tells PM". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  24. ↑ PTI. "'Faith in Ram's birthplace based on Valmiki Ramayana'". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  25. ↑ Lal, Makkhan (20 March 2019). "Historical texts prove that a temple was destroyed in Ayodhya to build the Babri Masjid". Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  26. ↑ Jain, Meenakshi (2017), The Battle for Rama – Case of the Temple at Ayodhya, Aryan Books International, ISBN 978-8-173-05579-9[page needed]
  27. ↑ Kishore, Kunal (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxix. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  28. ↑ "Timeline: Ayodhya holy site crisis". BBC News. 29 September 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  29. ↑ Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxx. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  30. ↑ Agrawal, S.P.; Aggarwal, J.C. (1992). Information India 1990–91 : Global View. Concepts in communication informatics and librarianship. Concept Publishing Company. p. 489. ISBN 978-81-7022-293-4. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  31. ↑ Chatterji, R. (2014). Wording the World: Veena Das and Scenes of Inheritance. Forms of Living. Fordham University Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-8232-6187-1. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Grand Ram temple in Ayodhya before 2022". The New Indian Express. IANS. 11 November 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Anderson, John Ward; Moore, Molly (8 December 1992). "200 Indians killed in riots following mosque destruction". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  34. ↑ Fuller, Christopher John (2004), The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India, Princeton University Press, p. 262, ISBN 0-691-12048-X, archived from the original on 21 August 2023, retrieved 24 August 2020
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Kidangoor, Abhishyant (4 August 2020). "India's Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram. Here's Why It Matters". TIME. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020. For Muslims in India, it is the site of a 16th century mosque that was demolished by a mob in 1992, sparking sectarian riots that led to some 2,000 deaths.
  36. ↑ "Front Page: Armed storm Ayodhya complex". The Hindu. PTI, UNI. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 8 July 2005.
  37. ↑ "Indian PM condemns the attack in Ayodhya". People's Daily Online. Xinhua. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  38. ↑ Bhattacharya, Santwana (6 March 2003). "I found pillar bases back in mid-seventies: Prof Lal". The Indian Express Archive. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  39. ↑ "Proof of temple found at Ayodhya: ASI report". Rediff. PTI. 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  40. ↑ "Left historians prevented resolution of Babri Masjid dispute, says KK Mohammed, former ASI regional head-India News , Firstpost". Firstpost. 21 January 2016. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  41. ↑ "Ram Janm Bhumi Babri Masjid: Gist of Judgments". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
  42. ↑ "Court orders 3-way division of disputed Ayodhya land". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2010.
  43. ↑ "Ayodhya Dispute Case Background". Supreme Court Observer. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018.
  44. ↑ "From Parliament Floor, PM Modi Announces 15-Member Trust for Ayodhya Ram Temple; 5 Acres Allotted for Masjid". News18. 5 February 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  45. ↑ "Dhannipur near Ayodhya already has 15 mosques, local Muslims want hospital and college too". 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Sampal, Rahul (28 July 2020). "Somnath, Akshardham & now Ram Mandir – Gujarat family designing temples for 15 generations". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Bajpai, Namita (21 July 2020). "280-feet wide, 300-feet long and 161-feet tall: Ayodhya Ram temple complex to be world's third-largest Hindu shrine". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Misra, Leena (6 August 2020). "Meet the Sompuras, master architects who are building the Ram Temple in Ayodhya". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  49. ↑ "Nagara-style architecture, no iron: What the historic Ram temple in Ayodhya will look like". Firstpost. 4 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  50. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir construction to begin in April this year: Trustee". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 6 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  51. ↑ "Ram Temple sanctum sanctorum likely to be built by end of the year". 13 June 2023. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  52. ↑ "Ram temple to be grander than planned earlier: Architect". The Hindu. 31 July 2020. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "Nripendra Misra, Chairman Of Construction Panel On 'Pran Pratishtha' Of Ram Mandir In Ayodhya". Business Today. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  54. ↑ "L&T to oversee the construction of Ram temple: Vishwa Hindu Parishad". Business Standard. 3 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  55. ↑ Bajpai, Namita (29 February 2020). "L&T ready to construct Ram temple in Ayodhya for free, say VHP leaders". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  56. ↑ Mishra, Avaneesh (10 September 2020). "Ayodhya Ram Temple construction: L & T reaches out to IIT-M for expert help on design, concrete". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Rashid, Omar (4 January 2021). "Work on Ayodhya Ram temple foundation to begin by January-end, says trust". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  58. ↑ "Construction of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya begins". ANI News. 20 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  59. ↑ "Ayodhya's Ram Temple To Receive Soil From Thailand Ahead Of Consecration". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 "Ayodhya Case Verdict: Who is Ram Lalla Virajman, the 'Divine Infant' Given the Possession of Disputed Ayodhya Land". News18. 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  61. ↑ "अयोध्या: 5 अगस्त को इस टेलर का सिला पोशाक पहनेंगे रामलला" [On 5 August Ram will wear clothes stitched by this tailor]. News18 India (in हिन्दी). 27 July 2020. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "6 temples of different deities to be constructed in Ram Janmabhoomi premises". India Today. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2021. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  63. ↑ "Renowned sculptor Arun Yogiraj's idol of Ram Lalla chosen for Ayodhya's grand temple". Hindustan Times. 2 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  64. ↑ Livemint (2 January 2024). "Ayodhya: THIS statue of Lord Ram selected for consecration ceremony | See photo". mint. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  65. ↑ Now |, Times (2 January 2024). "Ayodhya Ram Temple: Karnataka sculptor Yogiraj Arun's idol selected for 'Pran Pratishtha'". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  66. ↑ Sharma, Pratul (23 March 2020). "1st phase of Ram temple construction begins in Ayodhya". The Week. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  67. ↑ "Ram Mandir Construction: राम मंदिर निर्मितीच्या पहिल्या टप्प्यातील काम सुरू" [Ram Mandir Construction: Ram mandir Foundation Starts First Phase of Work]. Times Now Marathi (in मराठी). 8 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  68. ↑ Bajpai, Namita (9 April 2020). "Ram Mandir plans continue during COVID-19 lockdown, temple trust releases its official Logo". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  69. ↑ "COVID-19: लॉकडाउन खत्म होते ही अयोध्या में शुरू होगा भव्य राम मंदिर निर्माण" [COVID-19: The Ram Temple construction will begin in Ayodhya after the end of lockdown]. News18 India (in हिन्दी). 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  70. ↑ Rashid, Omar (25 March 2020). "U.P. Chief Minister Adityanath shifts Ram idol amid lockdown". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  71. ↑ "VHP to organise 'Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan'". Outlook. IANS. 4 April 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  72. ↑ Sharma, Sheenu (25 October 2023). "Uttar Pradesh: Ram Temple Trust invites PM Modi to install Lord Ram idol in Ayodhya on Jan 22, 2024". www.indiatvnews.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  73. ↑ "'Ramarchan puja' begins ahead of 'bhoomi pujan' in Ayodhya". DNA India. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  74. ↑ Mehta, Kriti (22 July 2020). "Ram temple bhumi pujan: Sangam soil, water to be taken to Ayodhya; proceedings to be telecast live". The Times Of India. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  75. ↑ "Water, soil from Kodagu sent to Ayodhya". Deccan Herald. 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  76. ↑ "Sacred Soil of Kamakhya Temple taken for Construction of Ram Mandir". Guwahati Plus. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  77. ↑ "Soil from Sharda Peeth in Kashmir to be used in Ram Mandir foundation in Ayodhya". The Kashmir Monitor. 25 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  78. ↑ "Soil from 11 places in Delhi sent for Ayodhya Ram Temple Bhoomika pujan". United News of India. 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  79. ↑ Roy, Suparna (26 July 2020). "Char Dham soil and Ganga water to be sent to Ayodhya for Ram Temple Bhumi Pujan". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Ray, Meenakshi, ed. (5 August 2020). "After bhoomi poojan at Ayodhya, RSS' Mohan Bhagwat says we have fulfilled our resolve". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  81. ↑ "PM Modi gifted silver crown, headgear at Ayodhya's Hanuman Garhi temple". The Indian Express. 5 August 2020. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  82. ↑ "From Laos to Lanka, Ram is everywhere: PM Modi in Ayodhya". India Today. 5 August 2020. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  83. ↑ "Long wait ends today: PM chants 'Jai Siya Ram' in Ayodhya". Punjab News Express. 5 August 2020. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  84. ↑ Pandey, Neelam (15 December 2020). "Ram Mandir trust to launch nationwide fund collection drive next month for temple construction". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  85. ↑ "President Kovind donates Rs 5 lakh for Ram temple construction as fund-raising drive kicks off". The Indian Express. 15 January 2021. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  86. ↑ Sharma, Sanjay (28 February 2021). "Ayodhya Ram temple fundraising drive concludes. Rs 21000000000 collected". India Today. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  87. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram temple donation: 15,000 bank cheques worth Rs 22 crore bounce". Zee News. 17 April 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  88. ↑ "Karnataka Dy CM, Christian organisations donate over Rs 1 crore for Ram temple's construction". Business World. 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  89. ↑ "Corridor for devotees to see construction of Ram temple". Hindustan Times. 9 August 2021. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Pandey, Alok (16 September 2021). Sanyal, Anindita (ed.). "First Glimpse of Ayodhya Temple Construction, Opening Before 2024 Polls". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  91. ↑ "Construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya caught in satellite images". India Today. 30 June 2021. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  92. ↑ Ray, Meenakshi (17 September 2021). "Ram Mandir foundation complete; granite from Karnataka, Mirzapur's sandstone to be used next". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  93. ↑ Dixit, Pawan (13 January 2022). "Trust launches YouTube channel, releases short movie on Ram temple construction". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  94. ↑ "Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust releases short film on mandir construction". Navjeevan Express. 14 January 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  95. ↑ "Rare rocks for Lord Ram idol to reach Ayodhya from Nepal on February 2". IndiaTV News. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  96. ↑ "Ayodhya's Ram Mandir Takes Shape: Here's First Look of 'Garbha Griha' | See Pics". 17 May 2023. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  97. ↑ Chakraborty, Prateek (9 December 2023). "Ayodhya Ram temple's sanctum sanctorum nearly ready. See pics". India Today. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  98. ↑ "₹100 cr for Ramotsav: Mega events in run-up to Ram temple inauguration". Hindustan Times. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  99. ↑ "Sonia Gandhi, Mallikarjun Kharge invited to Ram Temple inauguration, may not attend". Hindustan Times. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  100. ↑ "Ayodhya Trust invites Kharge, Sonia, to Ram temple consecration ceremony next month". The Indian Express. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  101. ↑ Livemint (25 October 2023). "PM Modi invited to install Lord Ram's idol at Ayodhya temple on January 22". mint. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  102. ↑ "Gautam Adani, Virat Kohli among 7,000 prominent personalities in guest list for inauguration of Ram temple". The Statesman. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  103. ↑ "Ram Mandir: Siddaramaiah questions fund drive, HDK says he was threatened". The News Minute. 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  104. ↑ Johari, Aarefa (13 February 2021). "Ram temple fundraisers leave behind stickers on doors – sparking fear and concern". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  105. ↑ David, Supriti (25 November 2021). "How an RSS-affiliated school in Delhi 'suspended' a teacher for not donating towards Ram temple". Newslaundry. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  106. ↑ "Fired from RSS-run school for not donating for Ram temple, alleges UP teacher". India Today. 8 March 2021. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  107. ↑ Rai, Sandeep (18 November 2015). "India News". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  108. ↑ करमरकर, निनाद; माझा, एबीपी (4 August 2020). "अयोध्येतल्या राममंदिराचं खरं श्रेय हिंदू महासभेचंच! भाजपने विश्वासघात केल्याची हिंदू महासभेची आगपाखड". marathi.abplive.com (in मराठी). Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  109. ↑ Deb, Abhik (22 December 2023). "Why some Hindutva supporters are angry with Modi's Ayodhya temple inauguration". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  110. ↑ "JD(U) Minister Slams BJP's Attempt". The Times of India. 2 January 2024. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  111. ↑ G, Manoj C (6 January 2023). "'Are you mahant of Ram Temple?': Mallikarjun Kharge slams Amit Shah for announcing temple opening date". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  112. ↑ "BJP leader Subramanian Swamy questions PM Modi attending inauguration of Ram temple". The News Minute. 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  113. ↑ Team, WION Web (27 December 2023). "Ram temple consecration ceremony: Shashi Tharoor slams BJP over politicisation of religious event". WION. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  114. ↑ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: शंकराचार्य स्वरूपानंद सरस्वती बोले- पांच अगस्त को भूमि पूजन का कोई मुहूर्त नहीं". Amar Ujala (in हिन्दी). 30 July 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  115. ↑ Pradhan, Sharat (7 August 2020). "At Ayodhya Bhoomi Pujan, Modi Became All-in-One; Proper Rituals Not Followed, Allege Pundits". thewire.in. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  116. ↑ Roy, Arundhati (5 August 2020). "India's Day of Shame". thewire.in. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  117. ↑ "Pakistan criticises India for starting construction of Ram temple in Ayodhya". The Hindu. PTI. 28 May 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  118. ↑ Menon, Aditya (5 August 2020). "Ram Mandir: Which Secular Leaders Hailed Bhoomi Pujan & Who Didn't". TheQuint. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  119. ↑ "Sringeri pontiff denies displeasure over Ayodhya Ram's consecration, calls it 'false propaganda'". The Week. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  120. ↑ Dash, Nivedita (12 January 2024). "Sringeri, Dwarka Peeth request people to disregard 'false propaganda' about Ram Temple 'Pran Pratishtha'". www.indiatvnews.com. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  121. ↑ Goudar, Mahesh M. (11 January 2024). "Sringeri Shankaracharya won't attend Ram Mandir consecration in Ayodhya. Here's why". The South First. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  122. ↑ "Delhi's Pacific Mall installs 32-foot-tall replica of Ayodhya's Ram temple ahead of Diwali". India Today. 25 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  123. ↑ "With replica of Ayodhya's Ram Temple, West Delhi's Pacific Mall mall showcases faith". The New Indian Express. 24 October 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  124. ↑ "Ayodhya on Rajpath: UP's Republic Day tableau showcases replica of Ram temple". Zee News. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  125. ↑ "Why the 'Ayodhya Ram Temple' Pandal Cannot be a Centrepiece of Kolkata's Durga Puja". Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  126. ↑ "In Pictures: Ram Mandir-Themed Durga Puja Pandal In Kolkata Draws Massive Crowd". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 Verma, Nalin (4 August 2020). "'Mandir Wahin Banayenge' Said L.K. Advani 30 Years Ago, But Will Stay Home on August 5". The Wire. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 128.2 Hemanth, S. A. (10 November 2019). "'Slogans we shouted in '85 have come true today'". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 Kundu, Swapnajit (5 August 2020). "How 'Mandir Wahin Banega' gained prominence". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 "'Sir Ram': A look at how some Hindi and English newspapers covered the #AyodhyaVerdict". Newslaundry. 10 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  131. ↑ Krishnan, Revathi (4 August 2020). "ABP News all excited about Ram temple, India Today & NDTV 24x7 focus on J&K woes". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  132. ↑ Sharma, Sandipan (4 August 2020). "Mandir Wahin Banayenge: After 30 years, BJP's tryst with Hindutva destiny". The Federal. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  133. ↑ "Uddhav Wonders For How Long Will People be 'Fooled' With 'Mandir Wahi Banayenge' Slogan". News18. PTI. 22 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

External links[edit]

Template:Hindu holy cities

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Ram_Mandir&oldid=443528"