Bairagi (caste)

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia


Not to be confused with the Bairagi (raga).

Bairagi
File:Damodar Das Bairagi riding a horse.jpg
Maharaj Shri Damodar Das Bairagi (Bade Dauji) in martial pose riding a horse - mewar c.mid- 19th century[1]
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Religion
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
In some places Bairagi is also called Vaishnav Brahmin

Bairagi is a Section of Hindu.[2][3][4] It is also known by other names including Swami, Vaishnav, Mahant and Pujari at different places in India.[5] They are particularly priests[6][7][8] and land owners.[9][10][11] They follow one of the Four Vaishnava orders: the Visishtadvaita belief system of Ramanuja (popularized by Ramananda in North India), the Dvaitadvaita philosophy propagated by Nimbarkacharya, the Shuddhadvaita philosophy propagated by Vishnuswami (mostly popularised by Vallabhacharya in North India), or the Dvaita philosophy propagated by Madhvacharya. The Bairagi caste is composed of respectable people.[12][13]

According to these Philosophies, people are divided into four main sampradaya (Religious systems):

Swami Ramanujacharya depicted with Vaishnava Tilak and Vishnu statue.
Jagadguru Madhvacharya
Shri Nimbarkacharya's idol at Ukhra Nimbarka Peeth, West Bengal.

Majority of the members of the Bairagi community perform priesthood practices in temples.[6] Swami surname is Mostly used in northwestern regions of India. These people are known as[15]

Classification[edit]

The Bairagi community is given reservation in government jobs and educational institutes as an Other Backward Class in various regions of India. These include Madhya Pradesh[24](But Brahmin Bairagi are not included into OBC),[25]Chandigarh,[26] Chhattisgarh[27] Delhi,[28] Haryana,[29] Himachal Pradesh,[30] Jharkhand,[31] Odisha,[32] Punjab,[33] Uttar Pradesh,[34] Uttarakhand.[35]

Bairagi caste is considered Forward caste in Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Daman and Diu, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.[36][37]

Origin[edit]

The name Bairagi is derived from the Sanskrit word vairagya, which means, "One who is free from worldly Affairs"[38]

Identification of Bairagi[edit]

Galtaji temple, Jaipur (One Dwara of Ramanandi Sri Sampradaya from fifty two Dwaras of Bairagis, known as Gaddi of Kilhadev Acharya in bairagi community)[39]

A Bairagi is one whose principal deity is Vishnu or either of his great incarnations: Rama or Krishna. The caste spread throughout India, but they are more concentrated in the northwestern states of the country. Bairagis can be identified by their necklaces of Tulsi beads and their tilak, (a spot of colored powder or paste worn on the forehead, known as Urdhva Pundra). The Bairagi are vegetarian but avoid masur dal (lentil), onion, and garlic.[4]

There are 52 gotras (clans) and 52 dwaras (schools) of Vaishnavas. They follow the dual gotra system: Vaishnava Acharya gotra and Rishi gotra, i.e. Kilhadeva acharya (Kilhavat) and Kaushik gotra are gotras of the same clan. There are a small section non-Brahmin Bairagis who joined the community during the Bhakti movement.[40]

Bairagi Dynasties and States[edit]

Nandgaon State[edit]

The first ruler Mahant Ghasi Das of Nandgaon State, was recognized as a feudal chief by the British government in 1865 and was granted a sanad of adoption. Later the British conferred the title of raja on the ruling mahant.[41][42]

Chhuikhadan State[edit]

The chiefs of Chhuikhadan State were originally under the Bhonsles of Nagpur, the first Chief being Mahant Rup Das in 1750. However, after defeat of Marathas, they were recognized by British as feudatory chiefs in 1865 conferring the title and sanad to Mahant Laxman Das.[43]

Bairagi Akharas[edit]

There are three prominent Bairagi (Vaishnav) Akharas:[44][45]

Notable people[edit]

Tulsidas composes one of his works. Statue at Saint Tulsidas Municipal Inter College, Soron, Kasganj, Uttar Pradesh.
Veer Banda Bairagi Memorial in Khanda, Sonipat, Haryana.

Spiritual[edit]

Rulers[edit]

Politics[edit]

Revolutionaries (freedom fighters)[edit]

Landlords[edit]

Poet and writer[edit]

Others[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Gosain Damodar in martial pose riding a horse - Mewar, c.mid-19th century - Old Indian Arts".
  2. ↑ "Global Prayer Digest". www.globalprayerdigest.org. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  3. ↑ Jha, Makhan (1998). India and Nepal: Sacred Centres and Anthropological Researches. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-7533-081-8.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singh, K. S.; Lavania, B. K. (1998). Rajasthan. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-766-1.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Ph.D, James G. Lochtefeld (15 December 2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 https://www.bhaskar.com/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-bhinmal-news-024003-969007-NOR.html/
  7. ↑ "वैष्णव बैरागी समाज ने जिला कलक्टर को सौंपा ज्ञापन". Patrika News (in hindi). Retrieved 15 June 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ Ḍabarāla, Śivaprasāda (1965). Uttarākhaṇda kā itihāsa: Uttarakhanda ke abhilekha evam mudra (in हिन्दी). Vīra-Gāthā-Prakāśana.
  9. ↑ "ताजमहल से जुड़ी है बैरागी परंपरा". Jansatta (in हिन्दी). 9 May 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  10. ↑ Singh, K. S.; India, Anthropological Survey of (1998). India's Communities. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
  11. ↑ IBBETSON, DENZIL CHARLES JELF (1883). REPORT ON THE REVISION OF SETTLEMENT OF THE PANIPAT TAHSIL & KARNAL PARGANAH OF THE KARNAL DISTRICT.
  12. ↑ Cust, Robert Needham (1880). Linguistic and Oriental Essays. Trübner & Company.
  13. ↑ General, India Office of the Registrar (1966). Census of India, 1961. Manager of Publications.
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