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{{Courts of India}}
{{Courts of India}}
The '''high courts of India''' are the highest courts of [[appellate jurisdiction]] in each state and union territory of [[India]]. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated specially<ref>{{Cite book|last=Body league my presw Ho Chi Minh.....|first=Engineering New Zealand (Organisation), issuing|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1015974760|title=EG.|oclc=1015974760}}</ref> by the [[Constitution of India|constitution]], a state or union law.
{{Infobox high court
|court_name      =High Courts Of India
|native_name      = <!-- native name of the court, if different -->
|image            =
|imagesize        =
|caption          =
|motto            =
|established      = <!-- year -->
|dissolved        = <!-- year -->
|country          = <!-- Official jurisdiction -->
|location        =Respective States and Union Territory of India
|coordinates      = <!-- {{coord|45.000|-122.000|display=inline,title}} -->
|type            =
|authority        =[[Indian Constitution]]
|appealsto        =[[Supreme Court of India]]
|terms            = <!-- length of court term for judges -->
|positions        = <!-- number of positions/seats on court -->
|budget          = <!-- amount of annual budget -->
|website          = <!-- official website -->
|chiefjudgetitle  = <!-- title of the top judge such as chief justice/senior judge -->
|chiefjudgename  = <!-- current chief's name -->
|termstart        = <!-- year current chief became chief -->
|termend          = <!-- year term for current chief as chief ends, if applicable -->
|termend2        = <!-- year term of current chief ends if applicable -->
|chiefjudgetitle2 = <!-- title of the second top judge if applicable-->
|chiefjudgename2  = <!-- current deputy chief's name -->
|termstart2      = <!-- year current deputy chief became chief -->
|termend3        = <!-- year term for current deputy chief as chief ends, if applicable -->
|termend4        = <!-- year term of current deputy chief ends if applicable -->
}}
The '''high courts of India''' are the highest courts of [[appellate jurisdiction]] in each [[States and union territories of India|state]] and [[union territory]] of [[India]]. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated, especially<ref>{{Cite book|last=Body league my presw Ho Chi Minh.....|first=Engineering New Zealand (Organisation), issuing|title=EG.|oclc=1015974760}}</ref> by the [[Constitution of India|constitution]], a state law or union law.


The work of most high courts primarily consists of appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also an original jurisdiction of a high court.
The work of most high courts primarily consists of adjudicating on appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also the original jurisdiction of a high court.


Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a district and sessions judge. He is known as district judge when he presides over a civil case, and session's judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the constitution, all courts in India — including high courts — are bounded by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.
Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a district judge and a session judge. He is known as the district judge when he presides over a civil case and the session's judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the constitution, all courts in India, including high courts – are bound by the judgements and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.


Judges in a high court are appointed by the [[president of India]] in consultation with the [[Chief Justice of India|chief justice of India]] and the [[Governors of states of India|governor of the state]] under Art 217 of the Constitution but through subsequent judicial interpretations, the primacy of the appointment process is on the hands of the [[Three Judges Cases|Judicial Collegium]]. High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and seventeenth (outside their respective states) on the [[Indian order of precedence]]. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that high court, whichever is higher.
Judges in a high court are appointed by the [[president of India]] in consultation with the [[Chief Justice of India|chief justice of India]] and the [[Governors of states of India|governor of the state]] under Article 217, Chapter Five of Part VI of the Constitution, but through subsequent judicial interpretations, the primacy of the appointment process is on the hands of the [[Three Judges Cases|Judicial Collegium]]. High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and seventeenth (outside their respective states) on the [[Indian order of precedence]]. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that high court, whichever is higher.


The [[Calcutta High Court]] is the oldest high court in the country, established on 2 July 1862. High courts that handle numerous cases of a particular region have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as [[circuit court]]s in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted by [[Bangalore]]-based N.G.O, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]] in March 2015, it was found that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HCs-taking-3-years-on-average-to-decide-cases-Study/articleshow/51503719.cms|title=HCs taking 3 years on average to decide cases: Study|last=Thakur|first=Pradeep|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=March 9, 2018|location=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref>
The [[Calcutta High Court]] is the oldest high court in the country, brought into existence on 14 May 1862.<ref>[https://www.calcuttahighcourt.gov.in/ A Brief History about Calcutta High Court]</ref> High courts that handle numerous cases of a particular region have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as [[circuit court]]s in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted by [[Bangalore]]-based N.G.O, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]] in March 2015, it was found that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HCs-taking-3-years-on-average-to-decide-cases-Study/articleshow/51503719.cms|title=HCs taking 3 years on average to decide cases: Study|last=Thakur|first=Pradeep|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=March 9, 2018|location=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=23379369|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309073006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HCs-taking-3-years-on-average-to-decide-cases-Study/articleshow/51503719.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


The buildings of Bombay High Court (as part of [[The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai |the Victorian and art deco ensemble of Mumbai]]) and Punjab and Haryana High Court (as part of [[The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier|the architectural work of Le Corbusier]]) are [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]].
The buildings of Bombay High Court (as part of [[The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai |the Victorian and art deco ensemble of Mumbai]]) and Punjab and Haryana High Court (as part of [[The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier|the architectural work of Le Corbusier]]) are [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]].
The high courts are substantially different from and should not be confused with the [[State court (disambiguation)|state courts]] of other federations, in that the Constitution of India includes detailed provisions for the uniform organisation and operation of all high courts.<ref name="Pylee_Page_184">{{cite book |last1=Pylee |first1=M.V. |author1-link=M. V. Pylee |title=India's Constitution |date=2017 |publisher=S. Chand & Company Ltd. |location=New Delhi |isbn=9789352531042 |page=184 |edition=16th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjJlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA184 |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114204124/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjJlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA184 |url-status=live }}</ref>  In other federations like the United States, [[State court (United States)|state courts]] are formed under the [[State constitution (United States)|constitutions of the separate states]] and as a result vary greatly from state to state.<ref name="Pylee_Page_184" />


== High courts ==
== High courts ==


The [[Madras High Court]] in [[Chennai]] (est. 1862), [[Bombay High Court]] in [[Mumbai]] (est. 1862), [[Calcutta High Court]] in [[Kolkata]] (est. 1862), [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[Allahabad]] (est. 1866) and [[Karnataka High Court]] in [[Bangalore]] (est. 1884) are the five oldest high courts in India.
The [[Calcutta High Court]] in [[Kolkata]] (est. 1862), [[Bombay High Court]] in [[Mumbai]] (est. 1862), [[Madras High Court]] in [[Chennai]] (est. 1862), [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[Allahabad]] (est. 1866), and Bangalore High Court (now [[Karnataka High Court]]) in [[Bengaluru]] (est. 1884) are the five oldest high courts in India.  


The following are the 25 high courts in India, sorted by name, year established, [[Act (document)|act]] by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned and the presiding chief justice of the high court:
The [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] and [[Telangana High Court]] are the newest high courts, established on 1 January 2019 according to the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]].


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
The following are the 25 high courts in India, sorted by name, year established, [[Act (document)|act]] by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned, and the presiding chief justice of the high court:
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
!#
!Court
!Established
!Act
!Jurisdiction
!Principal seat
!Bench(es)
! colspan="3" |Judges
!Chief Justice
|-
|-
!Sl No
|1
! style="width:15%;" Sr.no. ! | Court
![[Allahabad High Court]]<ref name="ahc">Originally established at [[Agra]], it shifted to Allahabad in 1875.</ref>
! Established
|{{Date table sorting|17-03-1866}}
! Act established
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
! Jurisdiction
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! Principal seat
! Bench(es)
! colspan="3" | Judges
! style="width:20%;" | Chief justice
|- valign="top"
!1
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Allahabad High Court]]'''<ref name="ahc">Originally established at [[Agra]], it shifted to Allahabad in 1875.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1866|03|17}}
| [[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Allahabad|Prayagraj]]
|[[Allahabad|Prayagraj]]
|[[Lucknow]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Lucknow]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 160
|160
|120
|119
|40
|41
|[[Rajesh Bindal]]
|[[Arun Bhansali]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Allahabad High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!2
|2
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barandbench.com/high-court-andhra-pradesh-notified/|title=High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019|date=2018-12-26|website=Bar & Bench|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>
![[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-26 |title=High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019 |url=https://barandbench.com/high-court-andhra-pradesh-notified/ |access-date=2018-12-27 |website=Bar & Bench}}</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|01|01}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-01-2019}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Amaravati]]
|[[Amaravati]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 37
|37
| 28
|28
| 9
|9
|[[Prashant Kumar Mishra]]
|[[Lisa Gill]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Andhra Pradesh High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!3
|3
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Bombay High Court]]'''
![[Bombay High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1862|08|14}}
|{{Date table sorting|14-08-1862}}
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
| [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[Maharashtra]]
|[[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Mumbai]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Nagpur]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Panaji]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Aurangabad]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Nagpur]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Panaji]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Kolhapur]]
! 94
|94
|71
|71
|23
|23
|[[Dipankar Datta]]
|[[Shree Chandrashekhar]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Bombay High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!4
|4
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Calcutta High Court]]'''
![[Calcutta High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1862|7|2}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-07-1862}}
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
| [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[West Bengal]]
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[West Bengal]]
| [[Kolkata]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[Port Blair]]{{Efn-ua|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}} <br>[[Jalpaiguri]]{{Efn-ua|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}}
|[[Port Blair]]{{Efn-ua|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}} <br>[[Jalpaiguri]]{{Efn-ua|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}}
! 72
|98
|54
|78
|18
|28
|[[Prakash Shrivastava]]
|[[Sujoy Paul]] <br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Calcutta High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!5
|5
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Chhattisgarh High Court]]'''
![[Chhattisgarh High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2000|11|01}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-11-2000}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 22
|22
|17
|17
|5
|5
|[[Arup Kumar Goswami]]
|[[Ramesh Sinha]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Chhattisgarh High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!6
|6
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Delhi High Court]]'''<ref name="dhc">[[Lahore High Court]] was established at [[Lahore]] on 21 March 1919 and had jurisdiction over [[Punjab region|undivided Punjab]] and [[Delhi]]. On 11 August 1947 a separate [[Punjab High Court]] was created with its seat at [[Shimla|Simla]] under the [[Indian Independence Act, 1947]], which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] at [[Chandigarh]]. The Delhi High Court was established on 31 October 1966 with its seat at Simla which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the Himachal Pradesh was granted the statehood with its own High Court at Simla.</ref>
![[Delhi High Court]]<ref name="dhc">[[Lahore High Court]] was established at [[Lahore]] on 21 March 1919 and had jurisdiction over [[Punjab region|undivided Punjab]] and [[Delhi]]. On 11 August 1947 a separate [[Punjab High Court]] was created with its seat at [[Shimla|Simla]] under the [[Indian Independence Act, 1947]], which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] at [[Chandigarh]]. The Delhi High Court was established on 31 October 1966 with its seat at Simla which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the Himachal Pradesh was granted the statehood with its own High Court at Simla.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1966|10|31}}
|{{Date table sorting|31-10-1966}}
| Delhi High Court Act, 1966
|Delhi High Court Act, 1966
| [[Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
| [[New Delhi]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 60
|60
|45
|46
|15
|14
|''[[Vipin Sanghi]]<br>{{small|(acting)}}''
|[[Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Delhi High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!7
|7
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Gauhati High Court]]'''<ref name="ghc">Originally known as the [[High Court of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland]], it was renamed as Gauhati High Court in 1971.</ref>
![[Gauhati High Court]]<ref name="ghc">Originally known as the High Court of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland, it was renamed as Gauhati High Court in 1971.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1948|03|01}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-03-1948}}
|[[Government of India Act 1935]]
|[[Government of India Act 1935]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]]
| [[Guwahati]]
|[[Guwahati]]
|[[Aizawl]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Itanagar]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Kohima]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Aizawl]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Itanagar]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Kohima]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 24
|30
|18
|22
|6
|8
|[[Sudhanshu Dhulia]]
|[[Ashutosh Kumar]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Gauhati High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!8
|8
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Gujarat High Court]]'''
![[Gujarat High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1960|05|01}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-05-1960}}
| Bombay Reorgansisation Act, 1960
|Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960
| [[Gujarat]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 52
|52
|39
|39
|13
|13
|[[Aravind Kumar]]
|[[Sunita Agarwal]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Gujarat High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!9
|9
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]'''
![[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|01|25}}
|{{Date table sorting|25-01-1971}}
| State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
|State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[Shimla]]
|[[Shimla]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 13
|17
|13
|4
|[[Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Himachal Pradesh High Court|list]])}}
|-
|10
|10
|3
![[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]]<ref name="jkhc">Originally, known as the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]. But Jammu and Kashmir having been bifurcated into two union territories, since the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)|reorganization of the state]], the court was renamed as the High Court of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh in July 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 July 2021 |title=New nomenclature for Jammu and Kashmir High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903143931/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece |archive-date=3 September 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|[[Mohammad Rafiq (judge)|Mohammad Rafiq]]
|{{Date table sorting|26-03-1928}}
|- valign="top"
|[[Letters Patent]] issued by then [[Maharaja of Kashmir]], [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]]
!10
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh]]<ref name="jkhc">Originally, known as the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]. But Jammu and Kashmir having been bifurcated into two union territories, since the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)|reorganization of the state]], the court was renamed as the High Court of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh in July 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New nomenclature for Jammu and Kashmir High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece |access-date=7 December 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=17 July 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>'''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1928|03|26}}
| [[Letters Patent]] issued by then [[Maharaja of Kashmir]], [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]]
| [[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn-ua|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|[[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn-ua|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 17
| 17
|13
|13
|4
|4
|[[Pankaj Mithal]]
|[[Arun Palli]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!11
|11
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Jharkhand High Court]] '''
![[Jharkhand High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2000|11|15}}
|{{Date table sorting|15-11-2000}}
|[[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
|[[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
| [[Ranchi]]
|[[Ranchi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 25
|25
|19
|20
|6
|5
|[[Ravi Ranjan]]
|[[M. S. Sonak|Mahesh Sharadchandra Sonak]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Jharkhand High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!12
|12
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Karnataka High Court]]'''<ref name="kahc">Originally known as [[Mysore High Court]], it was renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1974.</ref>
![[Karnataka High Court]]<ref name="kahc">Originally known as [[Mysore High Court]], it was renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1974.</ref>
| {{dts|1884}}
|{{Date table sorting|1884}}
| Mysore High Court Act, 1884
|Mysore High Court Act, 1884
| [[Karnataka]]
|[[Karnataka]]
| [[Bangalore]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|[[Dharwad]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Gulbarga|Kalaburagi]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Dharwad]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Kalaburagi]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 62
|62
|47
|47
|15
|15
|[[Ritu Raj Awasthi]]
|[[Vibhu Bakhru]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Karnataka High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!13
|13
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Kerala High Court]]'''<ref name="kehc">The High Court of [[Travancore-Cochin]] was inaugurated at [[Kochi]] on 7 July 1949. The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.</ref>
![[Kerala High Court]]<ref name="kehc">The High Court of [[Travancore-Cochin]] was inaugurated at [[Kochi]] on 7 July 1949. The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|11|01}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-11-1956}}
| [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]
|[[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]
| [[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]]
|[[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]]
| [[Kochi]]
|[[Kochi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 47
|47
|35
|35
|12
|12
|[[S. Manikumar]]
|[[Soumen Sen]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Kerala High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!14
|14
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]'''<ref name="mphc">Under the Government of India Act 1935, a High Court was established at [[Nagpur]] for the [[Central Provinces]] by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936. After the reorganization of states, this High Court was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.</ref>
![[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]<ref name="mphc">Under the Government of India Act 1935, a High Court was established at [[Nagpur]] for the [[Central Provinces]] by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936. After the reorganization of states, this High Court was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1936|01|02}}
|{{Date table sorting|02-01-1936}}
| [[Government of India Act 1935]]
|[[Government of India Act 1935]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Jabalpur]]
|[[Jabalpur]]
| [[Gwalior]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Indore]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Gwalior]],{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} [[Indore]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 53
|53
|40
|39
|13
|14
|[[Ravi Malimath]]
|[[Sanjeev Sachdeva]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Madhya Pradesh High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!15
|15
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Madras High Court]]'''
![[Madras High Court]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|1862|08|15}}
|{{Date table sorting|26-06-1862}}
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
|[[Indian High Courts Act 1861]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], and [[Tamil Nadu]]
|[[Chennai]]
|[[Chennai]]
|[[Madurai]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Madurai]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 75
|75
|56
|56
|19
|19
|[[Munishwar Nath Bhandari]]
|[[Manindra Mohan Shrivastava]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Madras High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!16
|16
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Manipur High Court]]'''
![[Manipur High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2013|03|25}}
|{{Date table sorting|25-03-2013}}
| North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
|North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
| [[Manipur]]
|[[Manipur]]
| [[Imphal]]
|[[Imphal]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 5
|5
|4
|4
|1
|1
|[[P. V. Sanjay Kumar]]
|[[M. Sundar]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Manipur High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!17
|17
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Meghalaya High Court]]'''
![[Meghalaya High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2013|03|23}}
|{{Date table sorting|23-03-2013}}
| North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
|North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
| [[Meghalaya]]
|[[Meghalaya]]
| [[Shillong]]
|[[Shillong]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 4
|4
|3
|3
|1
|1
|[[Sanjib Banerjee]]
|[[Revati Mohite Dere]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Meghalaya High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!18
|18
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Orissa High Court]]'''<ref name="ohc">Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in March 2011, the Orissa High Court retained its original name. There has been an ongoing discussion on how to legally change the nomenclature of the High Courts to reflect the renaming of states, but so far none has changed.</ref>
![[Orissa High Court]]<ref name="ohc">Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in March 2011, the Orissa High Court retained its original name. There has been an ongoing discussion on how to legally change the nomenclature of the High Courts to reflect the renaming of states, but so far none has changed.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1948|04|03}}
|{{Date table sorting|03-04-1948}}
| Orissa High Court Ordinance, 1948
|Orissa High Court Ordinance, 1948
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Cuttack]]
|[[Cuttack]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 33
!|33
|24
|24
|9
|9
|[[S. Muralidhar]]
|[[Harish Tandon]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Orissa High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!19
|19
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Patna High Court]]'''
![[Patna High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1916|09|02}}
|{{Date table sorting|02-09-1916}}
| Letters Patent issued by then [[British Crown]]
|Letters Patent issued by then [[British Crown]]
| [[Bihar]]
| [[Bihar]]
| [[Patna]]
|[[Patna]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 53
|53
|40
|40
|13
|13
|[[Sanjay Karol]]
| [[Sangam Kumar Sahoo]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Patna High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!20
|20
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]'''<ref name="phhc">Originally known as [[Punjab High Court]], it was renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966.</ref>
![[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]<ref name="phhc">Originally known as [[Punjab High Court]], it was renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|1947|08|15}}
|{{Date table sorting|15-08-1947}}
| Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947
|Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947
| [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|[[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| [[Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 85
|85
|64
|64
|21
|21
|[[Ravi Shankar Jha]]
|[[Sheel Nagu]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Punjab and Haryana High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!21
|21
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Rajasthan High Court]]'''
![[Rajasthan High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1949|06|21}}
|{{Date table sorting|21-06-1949}}
| Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949
|Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949
| [[Rajasthan]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
| [[Jodhpur]]
|[[Jodhpur]]
|[[Jaipur]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Jaipur]]{{Efn-ua|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
! 50
|50
|38
|38
|12
|12
|''[[Manindra Mohan Shrivastava]]<br>{{small|(acting)}}''
|[[Sanjeev Prakash Shrivastava]] (acting)<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Rajasthan High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!22
|22
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Sikkim High Court]]'''
![[Sikkim High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1975|05|16}}
|{{Date table sorting|16-05-1975}}
| The 36th Amendment to the Indian Constitution
|The 36th Amendment to the Indian Constitution
| [[Sikkim]]
|[[Sikkim]]
| [[Gangtok]]
|[[Gangtok]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 3
|3
|3
|3
|0
|0
|[[Biswanath Somadder]]
|[[A. Muhamed Mustaque|Muhamed Mustaque Aymantakath]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Sikkim High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!23
|23
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Telangana High Court]]'''<ref name="hhc">Originally known as [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], and it was established on 5 November 1956 but it was renamed as [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad]] in 2014, renamed again as Telangana High Court on 20 April 1920.</ref>
![[Telangana High Court]]<ref name="hhc">Originally known as [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], and it was established on 5 November 1956 but it was renamed as [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad]] in 2014, renamed again as Telangana High Court on 26 December 2018.</ref>
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|01|01}}
|{{Date table sorting|01-01-2019}}
| Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014
|[[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]
|[[Telangana]]
| [[Telangana]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 42
|42
|32
|32
|10
|10
|[[Satish Chandra Sharma]]
| [[Aparesh Kumar Singh]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Telangana High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!24
|24
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Tripura High Court]]'''
![[Tripura High Court]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2013|03|26}}
|{{Date table sorting|26-03-2013}}
| North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
|North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012
| [[Tripura]]
|[[Tripura]]
| [[Agartala]]
|[[Agartala]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 5
|5
|4
|4
|1
|1
|[[Indrajit Mahanty]]
|[[M. S. Ramachandra Rao (judge)|Mamidanna Satyaratna Ramachandra Rao]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Tripura High Court|list]])}}
|- valign="top"
|-
!25
|25
! style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Uttarakhand High Court]]'''<ref name="uhc">Originally known as [[Uttaranchal High Court]], it was renamed as Uttarakhand High Court in 2007.</ref>
![[Uttarakhand High Court]]<ref name="uhc">Originally known as [[Uttaranchal High Court]], it was renamed as Uttarakhand High Court in 2007.</ref>
|{{dts|format=dmy|2000|11|09}}
|{{Date table sorting|09-11-2000}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|[[Nainital]]
|[[Nainital]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
! 11
|11
|9
|9
|2
|2
|''[[Sanjaya Kumar Mishra]]<br>{{small|(acting)}}''
|[[Manoj Kumar Gupta]]<br />{{small|([[List of Former Chief Justices of High Courts of India#Uttarakhand High Court|list]])}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="7" |Total
! colspan="6" |<big>'''Total'''</big>
!1114
!'''<big>1104</big>'''
!840
!'''<big>833</big>'''
!274
!'''<big>271</big>'''
!-
!
|-
! colspan="10" |Notes
|-
|
| colspan="10" |{{Notelist-ua}}
|}
|}
{{Notelist-ua}}


== High courts by states/union territories ==
== High courts by states/union territories ==
Line 362: Line 390:
| width3 = 175
| width3 = 175
| alt3 =  
| alt3 =  
| caption3 = The [[Calcutta High Court]] in [[Kolkata]], one of the first four high courts of India
| caption3 = The [[Calcutta High Court]] in [[Kolkata]], oldest high court of India
| image4 = Allahabad high court.jpg
| image4 = Allahabad high court.jpg
| width4 = 175
| width4 = 175
| alt4 =  
| alt4 =  
| caption4 = The [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[Prayagraj]], one of the first four high courts of India
| caption4 = The [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[Prayagraj]], one of the first four high courts of India
| image5 = High Court of Karnataka, Bangalore MMK.jpg
| image5 = Jharkhand High Court aerial view.jpg
| width5 = 175
|width = 175
| alt5 =  
|alt5 =  
| caption5 = The [[Karnataka High Court]] in [[Bangalore]]
|caption5 = Aerial view of the new [[Jharkhand High Court]] building, the largest in India in terms of area
| image6 = High Court of Kerala Building.jpg
| image6 = High Court of Karnataka, Bangalore MMK.jpg
| width6 = 175
| width6 = 175
| alt6 =  
| alt6 =  
| caption6 = A working day view of the [[Kerala High Court]] in [[Kochi]]
| caption6 = The [[Karnataka High Court]] in [[Bengaluru]]
| image7 = High Court of Telangana in Hyderabad.jpg
| image7 = High Court of Kerala Building.jpg
| width7 = 175
| width7 = 175
| alt7 =  
| alt7 =  
| caption7 = The [[Telangana High Court]] in [[Hyderabad]]. Built in 1919 it's one of the oldest high courts.
| caption7 = A working day view of the [[Kerala High Court]] in [[Kochi]]
| image8 = Chandigarh High Court.jpg
| image8 = High Court of Telangana in Hyderabad.jpg
| width8 = 175
| width8 = 175
| alt8 =  
| alt8 =  
| caption8 = The [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] is part of the [[Chandigarh Capitol Complex]], a UNESCO World Heritage Site
| caption8 = The [[Telangana High Court]] in [[Hyderabad]] is housed in a building built in 1919, making one of the oldest high court buildings.
| image9 = Chandigarh High Court.jpg
| width9 = 175
| alt9 =
| caption9 = The [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] is part of the [[Chandigarh Capitol Complex]], a UNESCO World Heritage Site
|image10 = High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati (May 2019) 2.jpg
| alt10 =
| width10 =175
| caption10 = New [[High Court of Andhra Pradesh|High Court]] Building of Andhra at [[Amaravati]]
 
}}
}}


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! State/UT
! State/UT
Line 391: Line 428:
!Principal seat
!Principal seat
!Bench(es)
!Bench(es)
! Official website
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"|'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"|'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
Line 397: Line 433:
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
|[[Port Blair]]{{Efn|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}}
|[[Port Blair]]{{Efn|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}}
| {{URL|http://calcuttahighcourt.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Arunachal Pradesh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[Arunachal Pradesh]]'''
Line 403: Line 438:
|{{center|—}}  
|{{center|—}}  
|[[Itanagar]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Itanagar]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://ghcitanagar.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Andhra Pradesh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Andhra Pradesh]]'''
Line 409: Line 443:
|[[Amaravati]]
|[[Amaravati]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://hc.ap.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Assam]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Assam]]'''
Line 415: Line 448:
|[[Guwahati]]
|[[Guwahati]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://ghconline.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Bihar]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Bihar]]'''
Line 421: Line 453:
|[[Patna]]
|[[Patna]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://patnahighcourt.bih.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Chandigarh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Chandigarh]]'''
Line 428: Line 459:
|[[Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtchd.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Chhattisgarh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Chhattisgarh]]'''
Line 434: Line 464:
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourt.cg.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]'''
Line 440: Line 469:
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Delhi]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Delhi]]'''
Line 446: Line 474:
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Goa]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Goa]]'''
Line 452: Line 479:
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
|[[Panaji]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Panaji]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://hcbombayatgoa.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Gujarat]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Gujarat]]'''
Line 458: Line 484:
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://gujarathighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Haryana]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Haryana]]'''
Line 464: Line 489:
|[[Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtchd.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Himachal Pradesh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Himachal Pradesh]]'''
Line 470: Line 494:
|[[Shimla]]
|[[Shimla]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://hphighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]'''
Line 476: Line 499:
|[[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|[[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Jharkhand]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Jharkhand]]'''
Line 482: Line 504:
|[[Ranchi]]
|[[Ranchi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Karnataka]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Karnataka]]'''
| [[Karnataka High Court]]
| [[Karnataka High Court]]
|[[Bangalore]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|[[Dharwad]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[Gulbarga]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Dharwad]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[Kalaburagi]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Kerala]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Kerala]]'''
Line 494: Line 514:
|[[Kochi]]
|[[Kochi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Ladakh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Ladakh]]'''
Line 500: Line 519:
|[[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|[[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]{{Efn|Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.|name=J&K capital}}
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
|{{URL|http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Lakshadweep]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;"| '''[[Lakshadweep]]'''
Line 506: Line 524:
|[[Kochi]]
|[[Kochi]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Madhya Pradesh]]'''
Line 512: Line 529:
|[[Jabalpur]]
|[[Jabalpur]]
|[[Gwalior]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[Indore]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Gwalior]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[Indore]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://mphc.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Maharashtra]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Maharashtra]]'''
| [[Bombay High Court]]
| [[Bombay High Court]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[Aurangabad]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[Nagpur]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Nagpur]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}, [[Aurangabad]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}} and [[Kolhapur]]{{Efn|Circuit bench.|name=Circuit bench}}
| {{URL|http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Manipur]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Manipur]]'''
Line 524: Line 539:
|[[Imphal]]
|[[Imphal]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://hcmimphal.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Meghalaya]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Meghalaya]]'''
Line 530: Line 544:
|[[Shillong]]
|[[Shillong]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://meghalayahighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Mizoram]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Mizoram]]'''
Line 536: Line 549:
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
|[[Aizawl]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Aizawl]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://ghcazlbench.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Nagaland]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Nagaland]]'''
Line 542: Line 554:
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
|[[Kohima]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Kohima]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://kohimahighcourt.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Odisha]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Odisha]]'''
Line 548: Line 559:
|[[Cuttack]]
|[[Cuttack]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://orissahighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]'''
Line 554: Line 564:
|[[Chennai]]
|[[Chennai]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://hcmadras.tn.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''
Line 560: Line 569:
|[[Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtchd.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Rajasthan]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Rajasthan]]'''
Line 566: Line 574:
|[[Jodhpur]]
|[[Jodhpur]]
|[[Jaipur]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Jaipur]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://hcraj.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Sikkim]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Sikkim]]'''
Line 572: Line 579:
|[[Gangtok]]
|[[Gangtok]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtofsikkim.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''
Line 578: Line 584:
|[[Chennai]]
|[[Chennai]]
|[[Madurai]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Madurai]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://hcmadras.tn.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Telangana]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Telangana]]'''
Line 584: Line 589:
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://hc.tap.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Tripura]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Tripura]]'''
Line 590: Line 594:
|[[Agartala]]
|[[Agartala]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://thc.nic.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Uttar Pradesh]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Uttar Pradesh]]'''
| [[Allahabad High Court]]
| [[Allahabad High Court]]
| [[Allahabad]]  
| [[Prayagraj]]  
|[[Lucknow]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Lucknow]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
| {{URL|http://allahabadhighcourt.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Uttarakhand]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" | '''[[Uttarakhand]]'''
| [[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttaranchal High Court]]
| [[Uttarakhand High Court]]
|[[Nainital]]
|[[Nainital]]
|{{center|—}}
|{{center|—}}
| {{URL|http://highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in/}}
|-
|-
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[West Bengal]]'''
| style="background:#c1e0ff;" |'''[[West Bengal]]'''
Line 608: Line 609:
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[Jalpaiguri]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|[[Jalpaiguri]]{{Efn|Permanent bench.|name=Permanent bench}}
|{{URL|http://calcuttahighcourt.nic.in/}}
|-
! colspan="5" |Notes
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |{{Notelist}}
|}
|}
{{Notelist}}


==Courts under a high court==
==Courts under a high court==
* [[District Courts of India|District Court]]
* [[District courts of India|District Court]]
* [[District Munsiff Court]]
* [[District Munsiff Court]]
* [[Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class]]
* [[Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class]]
Line 625: Line 623:
* [[List of current Indian chief justices]]
* [[List of current Indian chief justices]]
* [[List of sitting judges of the high courts of India]]
* [[List of sitting judges of the high courts of India]]
* [[Pendency of court cases in India]]
{{Clear}}


==References==
==References==
Line 630: Line 630:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite web | title= Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts | work=Eastern Book Company | url=http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm| access-date=2 September 2005 }}
* {{cite web | title=Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts | work=Eastern Book Company | url=http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm | access-date=2 September 2005 | archive-date=16 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116112219/http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm | url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html| title= Judge Strength in High Courts Increased| work=Press Information Bureau–Govt. of India | access-date=2 September 2005 }}
* {{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html | title=Judge Strength in High Courts Increased | work=Press Information Bureau–Govt. of India | access-date=2 September 2005 | archive-date=22 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022014634/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html | url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | title=Judiciary | work=Supreme Court of India | url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm | access-date=2 September 2005 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829212628/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm | archive-date=29 August 2005 | df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web | title=Judiciary | work=Supreme Court of India | url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm | access-date=2 September 2005 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829212628/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm | archive-date=29 August 2005 | df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web | title= Constitution of India| work=Wikisource| url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India| access-date=31 December 2005 }}
* {{cite web| title=Constitution of India| work=Wikisource| url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India| access-date=31 December 2005| archive-date=21 August 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821065358/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web | title= Madras High Court|url=http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.htm |publisher=Hcmadras.tn.nic.in |access-date=24 December 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Madras High Court |url=http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.htm |publisher=Hcmadras.tn.nic.in |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509055050/http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.htm |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3409298.ece | title= Soon, High Courts in 3 Northeastern States |date=11 May 2012| access-date=11 May 2012 | newspaper= The Hindu }}
* {{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3409298.ece | title=Soon, High Courts in 3 Northeastern States | date=11 May 2012 | access-date=11 May 2012 | newspaper=The Hindu | archive-date=17 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122226/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3409298.ece | url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-21/chennai/34001329_1_delhi-high-court-chief-justice-permanent-judge | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508221217/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-21/chennai/34001329_1_delhi-high-court-chief-justice-permanent-judge | url-status=dead | archive-date=8 May 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title= New Chief Justice of Delhi High Court to Assume Charge on Wednesday | access-date=6 November 2012 }}
* {{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/New-chief-justice-of-Delhi-high-court-to-assume-charge-on-Wednesday/articleshow/16488428.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508221217/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-21/chennai/34001329_1_delhi-high-court-chief-justice-permanent-judge | url-status=live | archive-date=8 May 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title= New Chief Justice of Delhi High Court to Assume Charge on Wednesday | date=21 September 2012 | access-date=6 November 2012 }}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 642: Line 642:
{{Judiciary of india}}
{{Judiciary of india}}


[[Category:High Courts of India| ]]
[[Category:High courts of India| ]]
[[Category:India law-related lists|High Courts]]
[[Category:India law-related lists|High Courts]]

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The high courts of India are the highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated, especially[1] by the constitution, a state law or union law.

The work of most high courts primarily consists of adjudicating on appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also the original jurisdiction of a high court.

Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a district judge and a session judge. He is known as the district judge when he presides over a civil case and the session's judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the constitution, all courts in India, including high courts – are bound by the judgements and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.

Judges in a high court are appointed by the president of India in consultation with the chief justice of India and the governor of the state under Article 217, Chapter Five of Part VI of the Constitution, but through subsequent judicial interpretations, the primacy of the appointment process is on the hands of the Judicial Collegium. High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and seventeenth (outside their respective states) on the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that high court, whichever is higher.

The Calcutta High Court is the oldest high court in the country, brought into existence on 14 May 1862.[2] High courts that handle numerous cases of a particular region have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted by Bangalore-based N.G.O, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration with the Ministry of Law and Justice in March 2015, it was found that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years.[3]

The buildings of Bombay High Court (as part of the Victorian and art deco ensemble of Mumbai) and Punjab and Haryana High Court (as part of the architectural work of Le Corbusier) are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The high courts are substantially different from and should not be confused with the state courts of other federations, in that the Constitution of India includes detailed provisions for the uniform organisation and operation of all high courts.[4] In other federations like the United States, state courts are formed under the constitutions of the separate states and as a result vary greatly from state to state.[4]

High courts[edit | edit source]

The Calcutta High Court in Kolkata (est. 1862), Bombay High Court in Mumbai (est. 1862), Madras High Court in Chennai (est. 1862), Allahabad High Court in Allahabad (est. 1866), and Bangalore High Court (now Karnataka High Court) in Bengaluru (est. 1884) are the five oldest high courts in India.

The Andhra Pradesh High Court and Telangana High Court are the newest high courts, established on 1 January 2019 according to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.

The following are the 25 high courts in India, sorted by name, year established, act by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned, and the presiding chief justice of the high court:

# Court Established Act Jurisdiction Principal seat Bench(es) Judges Chief Justice
1 Allahabad High Court[5] 17 March 1866 Indian High Courts Act 1861 Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj Lucknow[upper-alpha 1] 160 119 41 Arun Bhansali
(list)
2 Andhra Pradesh High Court[6] 1 January 2019 Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati
—
 37 28 9 Lisa Gill
(list)
3 Bombay High Court 14 August 1862 Indian High Courts Act 1861 Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Maharashtra Mumbai Aurangabad,[upper-alpha 1] Nagpur,[upper-alpha 1] Panaji[upper-alpha 1] Kolhapur 94 71 23 Shree Chandrashekhar
(list)
4 Calcutta High Court 1 July 1862 Indian High Courts Act 1861 Andaman and Nicobar Islands, West Bengal Kolkata Port Blair[upper-alpha 2]
Jalpaiguri[upper-alpha 2] 		98 78 28 Sujoy Paul
(list)
5 Chhattisgarh High Court 1 November 2000 Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 Chhattisgarh Bilaspur
—
 22 17 5 Ramesh Sinha
(list)
6 Delhi High Court[7] 31 October 1966 Delhi High Court Act, 1966 Delhi New Delhi
—
 60 46 14 Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya
(list)
7 Gauhati High Court[8] 1 March 1948 Government of India Act 1935 Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland Guwahati Aizawl,[upper-alpha 1] Itanagar,[upper-alpha 1] Kohima[upper-alpha 1] 30 22 8 Ashutosh Kumar
(list)
8 Gujarat High Court 1 May 1960 Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960 Gujarat Ahmedabad
—
 52 39 13 Sunita Agarwal
(list)
9 Himachal Pradesh High Court 25 January 1971 State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970 Himachal Pradesh Shimla
—
 17 13 4 Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia
(list)
10 Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court[9][10] 26 March 1928 Letters Patent issued by then Maharaja of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh Srinagar/Jammu[upper-alpha 3]
—
 17 13 4 Arun Palli
(list)
11 Jharkhand High Court 15 November 2000 Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 Jharkhand Ranchi
—
 25 20 5 Mahesh Sharadchandra Sonak
(list)
12 Karnataka High Court[11] 1884 Mysore High Court Act, 1884 Karnataka Bengaluru Dharwad,[upper-alpha 1] Kalaburagi[upper-alpha 1] 62 47 15 Vibhu Bakhru
(list)
13 Kerala High Court[12] 1 November 1956 States Reorganisation Act, 1956 Kerala, Lakshadweep Kochi
—
 47 35 12 Soumen Sen
(list)
14 Madhya Pradesh High Court[13] 2 January 1936 Government of India Act 1935 Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Gwalior,[upper-alpha 1] Indore[upper-alpha 1] 53 39 14 Sanjeev Sachdeva
(list)
15 Madras High Court 26 June 1862 Indian High Courts Act 1861 Puducherry, and Tamil Nadu Chennai Madurai[upper-alpha 1] 75 56 19 Manindra Mohan Shrivastava
(list)
16 Manipur High Court 25 March 2013 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Manipur Imphal
—
 5 4 1 M. Sundar
(list)
17 Meghalaya High Court 23 March 2013 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Meghalaya Shillong
—
 4 3 1 Revati Mohite Dere
(list)
18 Orissa High Court[14] 3 April 1948 Orissa High Court Ordinance, 1948 Odisha Cuttack
—
 33 24 9 Harish Tandon
(list)
19 Patna High Court 2 September 1916 Letters Patent issued by then British Crown Bihar Patna
—
 53 40 13 Sangam Kumar Sahoo
(list)
20 Punjab and Haryana High Court[15] 15 August 1947 Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947 Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab Chandigarh
—
 85 64 21 Sheel Nagu
(list)
21 Rajasthan High Court 21 June 1949 Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949 Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur[upper-alpha 1] 50 38 12 Sanjeev Prakash Shrivastava (acting)
(list)
22 Sikkim High Court 16 May 1975 The 36th Amendment to the Indian Constitution Sikkim Gangtok
—
 3 3 0 Muhamed Mustaque Aymantakath
(list)
23 Telangana High Court[16] 1 January 2019 Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 Telangana Hyderabad
—
 42 32 10 Aparesh Kumar Singh
(list)
24 Tripura High Court 26 March 2013 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Tripura Agartala
—
 5 4 1 Mamidanna Satyaratna Ramachandra Rao
(list)
25 Uttarakhand High Court[17] 9 November 2000 Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 Uttarakhand Nainital
—
 11 9 2 Manoj Kumar Gupta
(list)
Total 1114 840 274 -
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Permanent bench.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Circuit bench.
  3. ↑ Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.

High courts by states/union territories[edit | edit source]

The Madras High Court in Chennai, one of the first four high courts of India
The Bombay High Court in Mumbai, one of the first four high courts of India and a World Heritage Site
The Calcutta High Court in Kolkata, oldest high court of India
The Allahabad High Court in Prayagraj, one of the first four high courts of India
Aerial view of the new Jharkhand High Court building, the largest in India in terms of area
The Karnataka High Court in Bengaluru
A working day view of the Kerala High Court in Kochi
The Telangana High Court in Hyderabad is housed in a building built in 1919, making one of the oldest high court buildings.
The Punjab and Haryana High Court is part of the Chandigarh Capitol Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
New High Court Building of Andhra at Amaravati
State/UT Court Principal seat Bench(es)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Calcutta High Court
—
 Port Blair[lower-alpha 1]
Arunachal Pradesh Gauhati High Court
—
 Itanagar[lower-alpha 2]
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh High Court Amaravati
—
Assam Gauhati High Court Guwahati
—
Bihar Patna High Court Patna
—
Chandigarh Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
—
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh High Court Bilaspur
—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Bombay High Court Mumbai
—
Delhi Delhi High Court New Delhi
—
Goa Bombay High Court
—
 Panaji[lower-alpha 2]
Gujarat Gujarat High Court Ahmedabad
—
Haryana Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
—
Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh High Court Shimla
—
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir High Court Srinagar/Jammu[lower-alpha 3]
—
Jharkhand Jharkhand High Court Ranchi
—
Karnataka Karnataka High Court Bengaluru Dharwad[lower-alpha 2] and Kalaburagi[lower-alpha 2]
Kerala Kerala High Court Kochi
—
Ladakh Jammu and Kashmir High Court Srinagar/Jammu[lower-alpha 3]
—
Lakshadweep Kerala High Court Kochi
—
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh High Court Jabalpur Gwalior[lower-alpha 2] and Indore[lower-alpha 2]
Maharashtra Bombay High Court Mumbai Nagpur[lower-alpha 2], Aurangabad[lower-alpha 2] and Kolhapur[lower-alpha 1]
Manipur Manipur High Court Imphal
—
Meghalaya Meghalaya High Court Shillong
—
Mizoram Gauhati High Court
—
 Aizawl[lower-alpha 2]
Nagaland Gauhati High Court
—
 Kohima[lower-alpha 2]
Odisha Orissa High Court Cuttack
—
Puducherry Madras High Court Chennai
—
Punjab Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
—
Rajasthan Rajasthan High Court Jodhpur Jaipur[lower-alpha 2]
Sikkim Sikkim High Court Gangtok
—
Tamil Nadu Madras High Court Chennai Madurai[lower-alpha 2]
Telangana Telangana High Court Hyderabad
—
Tripura Tripura High Court Agartala
—
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad High Court Prayagraj Lucknow[lower-alpha 2]
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand High Court Nainital
—
West Bengal Calcutta High Court Kolkata Jalpaiguri[lower-alpha 2]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Circuit bench.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Permanent bench.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.

Courts under a high court[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Body league my presw Ho Chi Minh....., Engineering New Zealand (Organisation), issuing. EG. OCLC 1015974760.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ A Brief History about Calcutta High Court
  3. ↑ Thakur, Pradeep (22 March 2016). "HCs taking 3 years on average to decide cases: Study". The Times of India. New Delhi. OCLC 23379369. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pylee, M.V. (2017). India's Constitution (16th ed.). New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd. p. 184. ISBN 9789352531042. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  5. ↑ Originally established at Agra, it shifted to Allahabad in 1875.
  6. ↑ "High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019". Bar & Bench. 26 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  7. ↑ Lahore High Court was established at Lahore on 21 March 1919 and had jurisdiction over undivided Punjab and Delhi. On 11 August 1947 a separate Punjab High Court was created with its seat at Simla under the Indian Independence Act, 1947, which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh. The Delhi High Court was established on 31 October 1966 with its seat at Simla which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the Himachal Pradesh was granted the statehood with its own High Court at Simla.
  8. ↑ Originally known as the High Court of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland, it was renamed as Gauhati High Court in 1971.
  9. ↑ Originally, known as the Jammu and Kashmir High Court. But Jammu and Kashmir having been bifurcated into two union territories, since the reorganization of the state, the court was renamed as the High Court of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh in July 2021.
  10. ↑ "New nomenclature for Jammu and Kashmir High Court". The Hindu. 17 July 2021. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  11. ↑ Originally known as Mysore High Court, it was renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1974.
  12. ↑ The High Court of Travancore-Cochin was inaugurated at Kochi on 7 July 1949. The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.
  13. ↑ Under the Government of India Act 1935, a High Court was established at Nagpur for the Central Provinces by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936. After the reorganization of states, this High Court was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.
  14. ↑ Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in March 2011, the Orissa High Court retained its original name. There has been an ongoing discussion on how to legally change the nomenclature of the High Courts to reflect the renaming of states, but so far none has changed.
  15. ↑ Originally known as Punjab High Court, it was renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966.
  16. ↑ Originally known as Andhra Pradesh High Court, and it was established on 5 November 1956 but it was renamed as High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad in 2014, renamed again as Telangana High Court on 26 December 2018.
  17. ↑ Originally known as Uttaranchal High Court, it was renamed as Uttarakhand High Court in 2007.

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