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{{Short description|National park in India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox protected area | {{Infobox protected area | ||
| name = Dibru-Saikhowa National Park | | name = Dibru-Saikhowa National Park | ||
|alt_name=Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve | | alt_name = Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve | ||
| iucn_category = II | | iucn_category = II | ||
| | | image = Dibru Saikhuwa National Park.jpg | ||
| | | image_alt = | ||
| | | image_caption = | ||
| map = India Assam#India | | map = India Assam#India | ||
| map_caption = | | map_caption = | ||
| relief = 1 | | relief = 1 | ||
| mapframe = Yes | |||
| location = [[Assam]], [[India]] | | location = [[Assam]], [[India]] | ||
| nearest_city = [[Tinsukia]] | | nearest_city = [[Tinsukia]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Dibru-Saikhowa National Park''' is a [[national park]] in [[ | '''Dibru-Saikhowa National Park''' is a [[national park]] in [[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]] and [[Tinsukia district]]s, [[Assam]], [[India]]. It was designated a [[Biosphere reserves of India|Biosphere Reserve]] in July 1997 with an area of {{cvt|765|km2}}, including a core area of {{cvt|340|km2}} and a buffer zone of {{cvt|425|km2}}. | ||
It is located | It is located at an average elevation of {{cvt|118|m}}, ranging from {{cvt|110|to|126|m}}. The park is bounded by the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] and [[Lohit River]]s in the north and Dibru River in the south. It mainly consists of moist mixed semi-[[evergreen forest]]s, moist mixed [[deciduous forest]]s, [[canebrakes]] and grasslands. It is the largest [[salix]] [[swamp forest]] in north-eastern India, with a tropical [[monsoon]] climate with a hot and wet summer and cool and usually dry winter. Annual rainfall ranges from {{cvt|2300|to|3800|mm}}. It is a haven for many endangered species and rich in fish diversity. | ||
The park is bounded by the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] and [[Lohit River]]s in the north and Dibru | |||
== | ==History== | ||
The area was declared as Dibru Reserved Forest in 1890. In 1920, additional area was added to the Dibru Reserve Forest. In 1929, Saikhowa Reserve Forest was declared. In 1933, more area was added to the Dibru | [[File:Asiatic water buffalo.jpg|thumb|Wild water buffalo]] | ||
The area was declared as Dibru Reserved Forest in 1890. In 1920, additional area was added to the Dibru Reserve Forest. In 1929, Saikhowa Reserve Forest was declared. In 1933, more area was added to the Dibru Reserved Forest. In 1986, an area of {{cvt|650|km2}} was preliminarily declared as a wildlife sanctuary, out of which {{cvt|340|km2}} was finally declared as wildlife sanctuary in 1995. In 1997, Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve was declared with an area of {{cvt|765|km2}} including a core area of {{cvt|340|km2}}. In 1999, the core area was declared as national park.<ref>{{cite book |author=Choudhury, A.U. |year=2009 |chapter=The genesis of a national park |title=Incredible Dibru–Saikhowa National Park |editor=Dwivedi, K.K. |publisher=Dibru–Saikhowa Conservation Society |place=Tinsukia, India |pages=6–11}}</ref> In December 2020, [[Gauhati]] highcourt stayed a permission given to [[Oil India Limited]] for [[hydrocarbon]] exploration at seven locations inside the protected area.<ref>{{cite news |author=Parashar, U. |date=2020 |title=Gauhati HC stays hydrocarbon exploration inside Dibru-Saikhowa national park |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gauhati-hc-stays-hydrocarbon-exploration-inside-dibru-saikhowa-national-park/story-1SqerXwW5MoQsHynIsdbsJ.html}}</ref> | |||
== Biodiversity == | |||
===Flora=== | ===Flora=== | ||
The forest of Dibru-Saikhowa consists of semi-evergreen forests, deciduous, littoral and swamp forests and patches of wet evergreen forests. The national park is about 35.84% moist mixed forest, 9.50% degraded forest and 21.25% grassland. Major tree species of the area are tetrasperma, ''[[Dillenia indica]]'', ''[[Bischofia javanica]]'', ''[[Bombax ceiba]]'', ''[[Lagerstroemia parviflora]]'', ''[[Terminalia myriocarpa]]'', ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'', ''[[Dalbergia sissoo]]'', and ''[[Ficus]]''. ''[[Arundo donax]]'', ''[[Imperata cylindrica]]'', ''[[Phragmites]] | The forest of Dibru-Saikhowa consists of semi-evergreen forests, deciduous, littoral and swamp forests and patches of wet evergreen forests. The national park is about 35.84% moist mixed forest, 9.50% degraded forest and 21.25% grassland. Major tree species of the area are tetrasperma, ''[[Dillenia indica]]'', ''[[Bischofia javanica]]'', ''[[Bombax ceiba]]'', ''[[Lagerstroemia parviflora]]'', ''[[Terminalia myriocarpa]]'', ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'', ''[[Dalbergia sissoo]]'', and ''[[Ficus]]''. ''[[Arundo donax]]'', ''[[Imperata cylindrica]]'', ''[[Phragmites karka]]'', ''[[Saccharum ravennae]]'' are principal types of grasses in the national park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewildlifeofindia.com/dibru-saikhowa-wildlife-sanctuary.html|title=Dibru Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuary - Information, Safari and Tours - Wildlife of India|website=www.thewildlifeofindia.com|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> The [[orchid]] flora comprises 35 [[epiphytic]] and eight terrestrial species.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gogoi, K. |date=2010 |title=Orchid flora of Dibru–Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Assam, India |journal=Pleione |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=124–134 |author2=Borah, R.L. |author3=Sharma, G.C. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303116121}}</ref> | ||
===Fauna=== | ===Fauna=== | ||
Thirty-six mammal species have been recorded, of which 12 are listed in Schedule 1 of the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972|Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Floodwaters-force-animals-to-flee-Dibru-Saikhowa-National-Park/articleshow/35010138.cms|title=Floodwaters force animals to flee Dibru-Saikhowa National Park - Times of India|author=Duttai, R.|date=2014|work=The Times of India|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> These include [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[clouded leopard]], [[jungle cat]], [[sloth bear]], [[dhole]], [[small Indian civet]], [[Malayan giant squirrel]], [[Chinese pangolin]], [[Ganges dolphin]], [[slow loris]], [[pig tailed macaque]], [[Assamese macaque]], [[rhesus macaque]], [[capped langur]], [[Hoolock gibbon]], [[Asian elephant]], [[wild boar]], [[Sambar deer]], [[hog deer]], [[barking deer]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Choudhury |first1=A. U. |year=1998 |title=Mammals, birds and reptiles of Dibru-Saikhowa Sanctuary, Assam, India |journal=Oryx |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=192–200 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-36.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[wild water buffalo]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Choudhury |first1=A. U. |year=2010 |title=The vanishing herds, the wild water buffalo |publisher=Gibbon Books, The Rhino Foundation with support from ATREE and COA, Taiwan, Guwahati}}</ref> The [[feral horse]]s living in the park are descendants of army horses let loose after the end of [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Bhuyan, A. |title=Warhorses Gone Wild |date=2011|magazine=Open |url=https://www.openthemagazine.com/article/india/warhorses-gone-wild |access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> | |||
Birds recorded include [[swamp francolin]], [[spot-billed pelican]], [[white-bellied heron]], [[grey heron]], [[purple heron]], [[black-crowned night heron]], [[yellow bittern]], [[Asian openbill]], [[lesser adjutant]], [[white-necked stork]], [[black stork]], [[black-necked stork]], [[glossy ibis]], [[fulvous whistling-duck]], [[bar-headed goose]], [[greylag goose]], [[northern pintail]], [[common shelduck]], [[white-winged wood duck]], [[Indian spot-billed duck]], [[Baer's pochard]], [[white-tailed eagle]], [[Pallas's fish eagle]], [[grey-headed fish eagle]], [[greater spotted eagle]], [[Himalayan griffon]], [[white-backed vulture]], [[slender-billed vulture]], [[osprey]], [[crested serpent-eagle]], [[lesser kestrel]], [[Sarus crane]], [[Bengal florican]], [[brown fish owl]], [[great pied hornbill]], [[spotted redshank]], [[greenshank]], and [[pale-capped pigeon]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Choudhury |first1=A. U. |year=1994 |title=A report on bird survey in Dibru–Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India |publisher=Oriental Bird Club, UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Choudhury, A. |year=2006 |title=Birds of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Assam, India |journal=Indian Birds |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=95−105}}</ref> [[greater adjutant]], [[ferruginous pochard]], [[Jerdon's babbler]], [[black-breasted parrotbill]], [[marsh babbler]], [[puff-throated babbler]], [[Jerdon's bushchat]], [[Indian grassbird]] and [[chestnut-crowned bush warbler]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Allen, D. |year=2002 |title=A bird survey of the Amarpur area of the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve, Assam, India |journal=Forktail |volume=18 |pages=87−92}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{Portal|India|Islands}} | |||
* [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]] | * [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist }} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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[[Category:1999 establishments in Assam]] | [[Category:1999 establishments in Assam]] | ||
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1999]] | [[Category:Protected areas established in 1999]] | ||
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:34, 23 February 2026
| Dibru-Saikhowa National Park | |
|---|---|
| Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve | |
   | |
| Location | Assam, India |
| Nearest city | Tinsukia |
| Coordinates | 27°40′N 95°23′E / 27.667°N 95.383°E |
| Area | 350 km2 (140 sq mi) |
| Established | 1999 |
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is a national park in Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts, Assam, India. It was designated a Biosphere Reserve in July 1997 with an area of 765 km2 (295 sq mi), including a core area of 340 km2 (130 sq mi) and a buffer zone of 425 km2 (164 sq mi).
It is located at an average elevation of 118 m (387 ft), ranging from 110 to 126 m (361 to 413 ft). The park is bounded by the Brahmaputra and Lohit Rivers in the north and Dibru River in the south. It mainly consists of moist mixed semi-evergreen forests, moist mixed deciduous forests, canebrakes and grasslands. It is the largest salix swamp forest in north-eastern India, with a tropical monsoon climate with a hot and wet summer and cool and usually dry winter. Annual rainfall ranges from 2,300 to 3,800 mm (91 to 150 in). It is a haven for many endangered species and rich in fish diversity.
History[edit | edit source]
The area was declared as Dibru Reserved Forest in 1890. In 1920, additional area was added to the Dibru Reserve Forest. In 1929, Saikhowa Reserve Forest was declared. In 1933, more area was added to the Dibru Reserved Forest. In 1986, an area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi) was preliminarily declared as a wildlife sanctuary, out of which 340 km2 (130 sq mi) was finally declared as wildlife sanctuary in 1995. In 1997, Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve was declared with an area of 765 km2 (295 sq mi) including a core area of 340 km2 (130 sq mi). In 1999, the core area was declared as national park.[1] In December 2020, Gauhati highcourt stayed a permission given to Oil India Limited for hydrocarbon exploration at seven locations inside the protected area.[2]
Biodiversity[edit | edit source]
Flora[edit | edit source]
The forest of Dibru-Saikhowa consists of semi-evergreen forests, deciduous, littoral and swamp forests and patches of wet evergreen forests. The national park is about 35.84% moist mixed forest, 9.50% degraded forest and 21.25% grassland. Major tree species of the area are tetrasperma, Dillenia indica, Bischofia javanica, Bombax ceiba, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia myriocarpa, Mesua ferrea, Dalbergia sissoo, and Ficus. Arundo donax, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites karka, Saccharum ravennae are principal types of grasses in the national park.[3] The orchid flora comprises 35 epiphytic and eight terrestrial species.[4]
Fauna[edit | edit source]
Thirty-six mammal species have been recorded, of which 12 are listed in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972.[5] These include Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, clouded leopard, jungle cat, sloth bear, dhole, small Indian civet, Malayan giant squirrel, Chinese pangolin, Ganges dolphin, slow loris, pig tailed macaque, Assamese macaque, rhesus macaque, capped langur, Hoolock gibbon, Asian elephant, wild boar, Sambar deer, hog deer, barking deer[6] and wild water buffalo.[7] The feral horses living in the park are descendants of army horses let loose after the end of World War II.[8]
Birds recorded include swamp francolin, spot-billed pelican, white-bellied heron, grey heron, purple heron, black-crowned night heron, yellow bittern, Asian openbill, lesser adjutant, white-necked stork, black stork, black-necked stork, glossy ibis, fulvous whistling-duck, bar-headed goose, greylag goose, northern pintail, common shelduck, white-winged wood duck, Indian spot-billed duck, Baer's pochard, white-tailed eagle, Pallas's fish eagle, grey-headed fish eagle, greater spotted eagle, Himalayan griffon, white-backed vulture, slender-billed vulture, osprey, crested serpent-eagle, lesser kestrel, Sarus crane, Bengal florican, brown fish owl, great pied hornbill, spotted redshank, greenshank, and pale-capped pigeon,[9][10] greater adjutant, ferruginous pochard, Jerdon's babbler, black-breasted parrotbill, marsh babbler, puff-throated babbler, Jerdon's bushchat, Indian grassbird and chestnut-crowned bush warbler.[11]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "The genesis of a national park". In Dwivedi, K.K. (ed.). Incredible Dibru–Saikhowa National Park. Tinsukia, India: Dibru–Saikhowa Conservation Society. pp. 6–11.
- ↑ Parashar, U. (2020). "Gauhati HC stays hydrocarbon exploration inside Dibru-Saikhowa national park". Hindustan Times.
- ↑ "Dibru Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuary - Information, Safari and Tours - Wildlife of India". www.thewildlifeofindia.com. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ↑ Gogoi, K.; Borah, R.L.; Sharma, G.C. (2010). "Orchid flora of Dibru–Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Assam, India". Pleione. 4 (1): 124–134.
- ↑ Duttai, R. (2014). "Floodwaters force animals to flee Dibru-Saikhowa National Park - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ↑ Choudhury, A. U. (1998). "Mammals, birds and reptiles of Dibru-Saikhowa Sanctuary, Assam, India". Oryx. 32 (3): 192–200. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-36.x.
- ↑ Choudhury, A. U. (2010). The vanishing herds, the wild water buffalo. Gibbon Books, The Rhino Foundation with support from ATREE and COA, Taiwan, Guwahati.
- ↑ Bhuyan, A. (2011). "Warhorses Gone Wild". Open. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ↑ Choudhury, A. U. (1994). A report on bird survey in Dibru–Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India. Oriental Bird Club, UK.
- ↑ Choudhury, A. (2006). "Birds of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Assam, India". Indian Birds. 2 (4): 95−105.
- ↑ Allen, D. (2002). "A bird survey of the Amarpur area of the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve, Assam, India". Forktail. 18: 87−92.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park - Dibru-Saikhowa Conservation Society
- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park - portal
Template:Protected areas of Assam Template:National Parks of India