Indians in Portugal: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Ethnic group}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Indians in Portugal
| group            = Indians in Portugal
| population      = 57,000
| population      = 104,000 – 120,000
| popplace        = [[Lisbon]]{{·}}[[Porto]]{{·}}Algarve{{·}}[[São Teotónio]]{{·}}Pegões ([[Montijo, Portugal|Montijo]]){{·}}[[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], [[Benavente, Portugal|Benavente]]
| popplace        = [[Lisbon District]]{{·}}[[Faro (Portuguese district)|Faro District]]{{·}}[[Beja District]]{{·}}[[Santarém District]]{{·}}[[Setúbal District]]{{·}}[[Leiria District]]{{·}}[[Porto District]]
| langs            = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]{{·}}[[Konkani language|Konkani]]{{·}}[[Malayalam]]{{·}}[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]{{·}}[[English language|English]]{{·}}[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{·}}[[Hindi]]
| langs            = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]{{·}}[[Konkani language|Konkani]]{{·}}[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]{{·}}[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{·}}English{{·}}[[Hindi]]
| rels            = [[Christianity]] <small>([[Roman Catholicism]])</small>{{·}}[[Hinduism]]{{·}}[[Sikhism]]{{·}}[[Islam]]
| rels            = Christianity <small>([[Roman Catholicism]])</small>{{·}}[[Hinduism]]{{·}}[[Sikhism]]{{·}}[[Islam]]{{·}}[[Jainism]]
| related-c        = [[Konkani people]], [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin]], [[Desi]], [[Nepalis in Portugal|Nepali]], [[Indian immigration to Brazil]]
| related-c        = [[Konkani people]], [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin]], [[Desi]], [[Nepalis in Portugal|Nepali]], [[Indian immigration to Brazil]], [[Indians in Spain]]
| native_name      =  
| native_name      =  
| native_name_lang =  
| native_name_lang =  
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}}
}}


'''[[Indian people|Indians]] in [[Portugal]]''', including recent immigrants and people who trace their ancestry back to [[India]], together number around 70,000.<ref>{{cite book|title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora|publisher=Government of India|date=2008-08-18|page=140|chapter=11|url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|access-date=2010-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030417123000/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|archive-date=2003-04-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are concentrated in [[Lisbon]] and [[Porto]]. They are also found in the [[Algarve]], [[Coimbra]], [[Guarda, Portugal|Guarda]], [[Leiria]], [[Odemira]]<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2021/04/30/local/noticia/infectados-trancas-porta-insalubres-alojamentos-imigrantes-1960691 (in Portuguese)</ref> and [[Rio Maior]].<ref>https://www.cm-riomaior.pt/municipio/documentacao/atas-e-deliberacoes/atas/camara/2019-3/1564-ata-n-08-de-29-04-2019/file (in Portuguese)</ref> They consist of [[Goans]], [[Gujaratis]], and [[Malayali]] people from [[Daman and Diu]], and most recently [[Punjabis]].
'''Indians in [[Portugal]]''', including [[Immigration to Portugal|recent immigrants]] and people who trace their ancestry back to India, together number around 104,000 (2024 [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Indian Ministry of External Affairs]] data)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm |title=Population of Overseas Indians}}</ref> − 120,000 (2021 Indian embassy data).<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2021 |title=Uma comunidade indiana em Portugal diversa e dialogante na fé |url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2021-05-05-Uma-comunidade-indiana-em-Portugal-diversa-e-dialogante-na-fe-0caca0c0 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=SIC Notícias |language=pt}}</ref> They thus constitute 0.98% – 1.13% of the total [[Demographics of Portugal|population of Portugal]].
 
In the 6 years between 2018 and 2023 around 45,000 Indians have settled the country,<ref name="AIMA">{{Cite web |title=Relatório de Migrações e Asilo 2023 |url=https://aima.gov.pt/media/pages/documents/92dd0f02ea-1726562672/rma-2023.pdf |work=AIMA |language=pt}}</ref><ref name="GOV">{{Cite web |title=Resident Foreign Population in Portugal - India |url=https://www.gee.gov.pt/pt/lista-publicacoes/estatisticas-de-imigrantes-em-portugal-por-nacionalidade/paises/%C3%8Dndia/3964-populacao-estrangeira-com-estatuto-legal-de-residente-em-portugal-india/file |date=2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration during 2019 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2019.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration during 2020 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2020.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration during 2021 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2021.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration during 2022 |url=https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf}}</ref> mostly in the [[Lisbon metropolitan area]], [[Porto]], the [[Algarve]]<ref name="emb">{{cite web | title=Embassy of India, Lisbon, Portugal : Indian Community in Portugal | website= Embassy of India, Lisbon, Portugal | url=https://www.eoilisbon.gov.in/page/indian-community-in-portugal/ | access-date=2024-09-25}}</ref> and the [[Districts of Portugal|Districts]] of [[Beja District|Beja]], [[Santarém District|Santarém]] and [[Leiria District|Leiria]].<ref name="GOV" />
 
The majority of Indians in Portugal trace their background to [[Goa]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Gujarat]] and, more recently, from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]].<ref name="emb" />


==History==
==History==
{{see also|Chinese people in Portugal|Slavery in Portugal}}
{{see also|Chinese people in Portugal|Slavery in Portugal}}


In sixteenth century southern Portugal, there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=UNC Press Books|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vrj4gApIJz4C&pg=PA228|page=228|title=The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624|editor=Peter C. Mancall|isbn=978-0-8078-3159-5|edition=illustrated|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers and Arabs.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Nova Fronteira|year=2014|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpxUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT584 |chapter=25 Escravo ugual a negro|title=A manilha e o libambo: A África e a escravidão, de 1500 a 1700|author=Alberto da Costa e Silva|isbn=978-8520939499|edition=2|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> [[China]] and [[Malacca]] were origins of slaves delivered to Portugal by Portuguese viceroys.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom/page/119 119]|title=The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 - 1870|author=Hugh Thomas|isbn=0684835657|edition=illustrated, reprint|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
In sixteenth century southern Portugal, there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=UNC Press Books|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vrj4gApIJz4C&pg=PA228|page=228|title=The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624|editor=Peter C. Mancall|isbn=978-0-8078-3159-5|edition=illustrated|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers and Arabs.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Nova Fronteira|year=2014|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpxUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT584 |chapter=25 Escravo ugual a negro|title=A manilha e o libambo: A África e a escravidão, de 1500 a 1700|author=Alberto da Costa e Silva|isbn=978-8520939499|edition=2|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> China and [[Malacca]] were origins of slaves delivered to Portugal by Portuguese viceroys.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom/page/119 119]|title=The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 – 1870|author=Hugh Thomas|isbn=0684835657|edition=illustrated, reprint|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>


A Portuguese woman, [[Don (honorific)|Dona]] Ana de Ataíde owned an Indian man named António as a slave in [[Évora]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=%C3%ADndio+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde+que+%C3%A9+cozinheiro |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> He served as a cook for her.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Celta Editora|year=2002|location=Oeiras|language=pt|url=https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/3533/1/Cozinheiro.pdf|volume=III |page=162|title=A Agricultura: Dicionário das Ocupações, Nuno Luís Madureira (coord.), História do Trabalho e das Ocupações| author=Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida|editor1=Andrade Martins Conceição |editor2=Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro|isbn=972-774-133-9|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Ana de Ataíde's Indian slave escaped from her in 1587.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=ana+ata%C3%ADde|volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=31|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> A large number of slaves were forcibly brought there since the commercial, artisanal, and service sectors all flourished in a regional capital like Évora.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=ana+ata%C3%ADde|volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=31|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Rigorous and demanding tasks were assigned to Mourisco, Chinese, and Indian slaves.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=Finalmente+dois+chinas%2C+um+deles+azemel+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena+e+o+outro+Francisco+China%2C+de+Francisco+de+Carvalhais%2C+e+dois+judeus%2C+ambos+fugidos%2C+...+Os+%C3%ADndios%2C+chineses+e+mouriscos+parecem+ter+tarefas+mais+exigentes%2C+como+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+%C3%ADndio%2C+cozinheiro+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde%2833%29+e+o+chin%C3%AAs%2C+tamb%C3%A9m+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+ainda+h%C3%A1+pouco+referido+e+que+era+condutor+das+azemo-+las+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2834%29.+Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+social%2C+como+o+infante+D.+Luis%2C+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos%2C+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2C+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada%3A+3+%C3%ADndios%2C+3+mouriscos%2C+1+china%2C+uma+preta%2C+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presen%C3%A7a+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora%2C+como+capit%C3%A3o+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Sim%C3%A3o+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tr%C3%A1fico+de+escravos%2C+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos%2835%29.|volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=972-96965-3-5|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Chinese, [[Mourisco]]s, and Indians were among the ethnicities of prized slaves and were much more expensive compared to blacks, so high class individuals owned these ethnicities.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condição+social,+como+o+infante+D.+Luis,+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos,+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena,+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada:+3+%C3%ADndios,+3+mouriscos,+1+china,+uma+preta,+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presença+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora,+como+capitão+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Simão+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tráfico+de+escravos,+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos(35).+A+posse+de+escravos+dessas+etnias+pelas+classes+mais+altas+devia-se+certamente+ao+seu+mais+elevado+preço.+Efectivamente,+o+valor+dos+escravos+negros+era+de+todos+o+mais+baixo,+pela+sua+maior+abundância+e+bocalidade,+o+que+está+de+acordo+com+o+que+também+se.|volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=972-96965-3-5|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
A Portuguese woman, [[Don (honorific)|Dona]] Ana de Ataíde owned an Indian man named António as a slave in [[Évora]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=%C3%ADndio+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde+que+%C3%A9+cozinheiro |volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> He served as a cook for her.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Celta Editora|year=2002|location=Oeiras|language=pt|url=https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/3533/1/Cozinheiro.pdf|volume=III |page=162|title=A Agricultura: Dicionário das Ocupações, Nuno Luís Madureira (coord.), História do Trabalho e das Ocupações| author=Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida|editor1=Andrade Martins Conceição |editor2=Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro|isbn=972-774-133-9|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Ana de Ataíde's Indian slave escaped from her in 1587.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=ana+ata%C3%ADde|volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=31|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> A large number of slaves were forcibly brought there since the commercial, artisanal, and service sectors all flourished in a regional capital like Évora.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=ana+ata%C3%ADde|volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=31|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Rigorous and demanding tasks were assigned to Mourisco, Chinese, and Indian slaves.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=Finalmente+dois+chinas%2C+um+deles+azemel+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena+e+o+outro+Francisco+China%2C+de+Francisco+de+Carvalhais%2C+e+dois+judeus%2C+ambos+fugidos%2C+...+Os+%C3%ADndios%2C+chineses+e+mouriscos+parecem+ter+tarefas+mais+exigentes%2C+como+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+%C3%ADndio%2C+cozinheiro+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde%2833%29+e+o+chin%C3%AAs%2C+tamb%C3%A9m+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+ainda+h%C3%A1+pouco+referido+e+que+era+condutor+das+azemo-+las+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2834%29.+Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+social%2C+como+o+infante+D.+Luis%2C+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos%2C+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2C+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada%3A+3+%C3%ADndios%2C+3+mouriscos%2C+1+china%2C+uma+preta%2C+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presen%C3%A7a+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora%2C+como+capit%C3%A3o+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Sim%C3%A3o+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tr%C3%A1fico+de+escravos%2C+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos%2835%29.|volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=972-96965-3-5|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> Chinese, [[Mourisco]]s, and Indians were among the ethnicities of prized slaves and were much more expensive compared to blacks, so high class individuals owned these ethnicities.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condição+social,+como+o+infante+D.+Luis,+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos,+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena,+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada:+3+%C3%ADndios,+3+mouriscos,+1+china,+uma+preta,+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presença+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora,+como+capitão+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Simão+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tráfico+de+escravos,+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos(35).+A+posse+de+escravos+dessas+etnias+pelas+classes+mais+altas+devia-se+certamente+ao+seu+mais+elevado+preço.+Efectivamente,+o+valor+dos+escravos+negros+era+de+todos+o+mais+baixo,+pela+sua+maior+abundância+e+bocalidade,+o+que+está+de+acordo+com+o+que+também+se.|volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=972-96965-3-5|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>


A fugitive Indian slave from Evora named António went to [[Badajoz]] after leaving his master in 1545.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=...+de+Sande,+%22homem+mourisco+forro%22,+criado+do+c%C3%B3nego+Manuel+de+Sande+e+provavelmente+seu+antigo+escravo,+que+em+1545+foi+em+nome+do+patr%C3%A3o+a+Badajoz+buscar+Ant%C3%B3nio,+%C3%ADndio+que+para+l%C3%A1+fugira,+com+ordem+de+o+vender(396). |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=103|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> António was among the three most common male names given to male slaves in Evora.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=A+comparação+com+o+nome+dos+donos+de+escravos+que+conhecemos+não+teria+vantagens+dado+que+também+estes+eram+uma+camada+restrita+da+população+-+com+grande+peso+da+nobreza+-+em+que+podiam+verificar-se+especificidades+culturais+determinantes+do+uso+dos+nomes.+É+de+destacar+a+coincidência+dos+três+nomes+mais+usados,+quer+pelos+escravos+-+António,+Manuel+e+Francisco+-+quer+pelas+escravas+-+Maria,+Isabel+e+Catarina+-+na+região+de+Évora+e+na+Madeira,+de+acordo+com+o+estudo+de+Alberto+Vieira|volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=24|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
A fugitive Indian slave from Evora named António went to [[Badajoz]] after leaving his master in 1545.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=...+de+Sande,+%22homem+mourisco+forro%22,+criado+do+c%C3%B3nego+Manuel+de+Sande+e+provavelmente+seu+antigo+escravo,+que+em+1545+foi+em+nome+do+patr%C3%A3o+a+Badajoz+buscar+Ant%C3%B3nio,+%C3%ADndio+que+para+l%C3%A1+fugira,+com+ordem+de+o+vender(396). |volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=103|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> António was among the three most common male names given to male slaves in Evora.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=A+comparação+com+o+nome+dos+donos+de+escravos+que+conhecemos+não+teria+vantagens+dado+que+também+estes+eram+uma+camada+restrita+da+população+-+com+grande+peso+da+nobreza+-+em+que+podiam+verificar-se+especificidades+culturais+determinantes+do+uso+dos+nomes.+É+de+destacar+a+coincidência+dos+três+nomes+mais+usados,+quer+pelos+escravos+-+António,+Manuel+e+Francisco+-+quer+pelas+escravas+-+Maria,+Isabel+e+Catarina+-+na+região+de+Évora+e+na+Madeira,+de+acordo+com+o+estudo+de+Alberto+Vieira|volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=24|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>


Antão Azedo took an Indian slave named Heitor to Evora, who along with another slave was from [[Bengal]] were among the 34 Indian slaves in total who were owned by Tristão Homem, a nobleman in 1544 in Evora. Manuel Gomes previously owned a slave who escaped in 1558 at age 18 and he was said to be from the "land of Prester John of the Indias" named Diogo.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=chines |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
Antão Azedo took an Indian slave named Heitor to Evora, who along with another slave was from [[Bengal]] were among the 34 Indian slaves in total who were owned by Tristão Homem, a nobleman in 1544 in Evora. Manuel Gomes previously owned a slave who escaped in 1558 at age 18 and he was said to be from the "land of Prester John of the Indias" named Diogo.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=chines |volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>


In Evora, men were owned and used as slaves by female establishments like [[convent]]s for [[nuns]]. A capelão do rei, father João Pinto left an Indian man in [[Porto]] where he was picked up in 1546 by the Evora-based Santa Marta convent's nuns to serve as their slave. However, female slaves did not serve in male establishments, unlike vice versa.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=%C3%ADndio |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=45|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
In Evora, men were owned and used as slaves by female establishments like [[convent]]s for [[nuns]]. A capelão do rei, father João Pinto left an Indian man in [[Porto]] where he was picked up in 1546 by the Evora-based Santa Marta convent's nuns to serve as their slave. However, female slaves did not serve in male establishments, unlike vice versa.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|language=pt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=%C3%ADndio |volume=2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=45|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>


[[Kirishitan|Japanese Christian Daimyos]] mainly responsible for selling to the Portuguese their fellow Japanese. Japanese women and Japanese men, Javanese, Chinese, and Indians were all sold as slaves in Portugal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2qSNQnlQGcC&q=sul+portugal+chineses+escravos&pg=PA103|title=Chòque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII|author=José Yamashiro|year=1989|publisher=IBRASA|page=103|isbn=85-348-1068-0|access-date=14 July 2010}}</ref>
[[Kirishitan|Japanese Christian Daimyos]] mainly responsible for selling to the Portuguese their fellow Japanese. Japanese women and Japanese men, Javanese, Chinese, and Indians were all sold as slaves in Portugal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2qSNQnlQGcC&q=sul+portugal+chineses+escravos&pg=PA103|title=Chòque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII|author=José Yamashiro|year=1989|publisher=IBRASA|page=103|isbn=85-348-1068-0|access-date=14 July 2010}}</ref>


Traits such as high intelligence were ascribed to Indians, Chinese, and Japanese slaves.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0TCPWGGVqgC&pg=PA168|volume=Volume 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society Hakluyt Society|page=168|title=A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555|isbn=0-521-23150-7|author=A. C. de C. M. Saunders|edition=illustrated|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=Himalaya Pub. House|year=1992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHPaAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'|page=18|title=Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842|author=Jeanette Pinto|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=Oxford U.P.|year=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUAsAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'|page=225|title=Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770|isbn=9780196380742|author=Charles Ralph Boxer|edition=2, illustrated, reprint|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
Traits such as high intelligence were ascribed to Indians, Chinese, and Japanese slaves.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0TCPWGGVqgC&pg=PA168|volume=25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society Hakluyt Society|page=168|title=A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555|isbn=0-521-23150-7|author=A. C. de C. M. Saunders|edition=illustrated|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=Himalaya Pub. House|year=1992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHPaAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'|page=18|title=Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842|author=Jeanette Pinto|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=Oxford U.P.|year=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUAsAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'|page=225|title=Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770|isbn=9780196380742|author=Charles Ralph Boxer|edition=2, illustrated, reprint|access-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people with Indian ancestry==
*[[Antonio Costa]] - Portuguese Prime minister
*[[Kalidás Barreto]] - Former Portuguese politician
*[[Narana Coissoro]]- Portuguese Speaker of the house
*[[Mariano Barreto]] - Portuguese football manager
*[[João Leão]]- Finance Minister of Portugal
*[[Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho]] – Former Portuguese military officer
*[[Matheus de Castro]] – First Indian bishop of the Catholic church
*[[Narana Coissoró]]- Portuguese Speaker of the House
*[[Alfredo Bruto da Costa]] – Former Portuguese politician
*[[Alfredo Nobre da Costa]]- Former Prime Minister of Portugal
*[[Alfredo Nobre da Costa]]- Former Prime Minister of Portugal
*[[Antonio Costa]] – former Prime Minister of Portugal
*[[Orlando da Costa]] – Portuguese writer
*[[José Pereira Coutinho]] – [[Macanese people|Macanese]] politician
*[[Ileana D'Cruz]] – Portuguese actress who predominantly appears in [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language films
*[[Mortó Dessai]] – Portuguese- medical analyst
*[[Rogério de Faria]] – Portuguese-Brazilian businessman
*[[Catarina Furtado]] – Portuguese television presenter<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2019 |title=Catarina Furtado tem ascendência indiana! Apresentadora descobre casa do trisavô |url=https://www.maria.pt/noticias-em-destaque/catarina-furtado-tem-ascendencia-indiana-apresentadora-descobre-casa-do-trisavo/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Maria.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
*[[André Lacximicant]] – Footballer for [[G.D. Estoril Praia|Estoril Praia]]
*[[João Leão]] – Former Finance Minister of Portugal
*[[André Pereira dos Reis]] – Portuguese captain, pilot and cartographer
*[[Gabriel Mithá Ribeiro]] – Portuguese politician
*[[Rosendo Ribeiro]] – Portuguese physician and diplomat
*[[António Maria de Bettencourt Rodrigues|António de Bettencourt Rodrigues]] – doctor, [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] diplomat and politician
*[[Manuel António de Sousa]] – Portuguese merchant
*[[Sabrina De Sousa]] – Portuguese-American ex-[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operative
*[[Teotónio de Souza]] – Portuguese historian and the founder-director of the [[Xavier Centre of Historical Research]] (XCHR), at [[Porvorim|Alto Porvorim]]
*[[Jorge Barreto Xavier]] – Portuguese cultural manager, university professor and politician


==See also==
==See also==  
*[[Hinduism in Portugal]]
{{Portal|India|Portugal}}
*[[Illegal immigration]]
*[[Hinduism in Portugal]]  
 
*[[Immigration to Portugal]]
*[[Indian diaspora]]
*[[India–Portugal relations]]
*[[Romani people in Portugal]]
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070218220705/http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/ind_personorigin.html
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070218220705/http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/ind_personorigin.html Embassy of India]


{{NRI-PIO}}
{{Indian diaspora}}
{{Immigration to Portugal}}
{{Immigration to Portugal}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Portugal]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Portugal]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora by country|Portugal]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora by country|Portugal]]

Latest revision as of 21:16, 17 December 2025


Indians in Portugal
Total population
104,000 – 120,000
Regions with significant populations
Lisbon District · Faro District · Beja District · Santarém District · Setúbal District · Leiria District · Porto District
Languages
Portuguese · Konkani · Gujarati · Punjabi · English · Hindi
Religion
Christianity (Roman Catholicism) · Hinduism · Sikhism · Islam · Jainism
Related ethnic groups
Konkani people, Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin, Desi, Nepali, Indian immigration to Brazil, Indians in Spain

Indians in Portugal, including recent immigrants and people who trace their ancestry back to India, together number around 104,000 (2024 Indian Ministry of External Affairs data)[1] − 120,000 (2021 Indian embassy data).[2] They thus constitute 0.98% – 1.13% of the total population of Portugal.

In the 6 years between 2018 and 2023 around 45,000 Indians have settled the country,[3][4][5][6][7][8] mostly in the Lisbon metropolitan area, Porto, the Algarve[9] and the Districts of Beja, Santarém and Leiria.[4]

The majority of Indians in Portugal trace their background to Goa, Daman and Diu, Gujarat and, more recently, from Punjab and Haryana.[9]

History[edit | edit source]

See also: Chinese people in Portugal and Slavery in Portugal

In sixteenth century southern Portugal, there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves.[10] Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers and Arabs.[11] China and Malacca were origins of slaves delivered to Portugal by Portuguese viceroys.[12]

A Portuguese woman, Dona Ana de Ataíde owned an Indian man named António as a slave in Évora.[13] He served as a cook for her.[14] Ana de Ataíde's Indian slave escaped from her in 1587.[15] A large number of slaves were forcibly brought there since the commercial, artisanal, and service sectors all flourished in a regional capital like Évora.[16] Rigorous and demanding tasks were assigned to Mourisco, Chinese, and Indian slaves.[17] Chinese, Mouriscos, and Indians were among the ethnicities of prized slaves and were much more expensive compared to blacks, so high class individuals owned these ethnicities.[18]

A fugitive Indian slave from Evora named António went to Badajoz after leaving his master in 1545.[19] António was among the three most common male names given to male slaves in Evora.[20]

Antão Azedo took an Indian slave named Heitor to Evora, who along with another slave was from Bengal were among the 34 Indian slaves in total who were owned by Tristão Homem, a nobleman in 1544 in Evora. Manuel Gomes previously owned a slave who escaped in 1558 at age 18 and he was said to be from the "land of Prester John of the Indias" named Diogo.[21]

In Evora, men were owned and used as slaves by female establishments like convents for nuns. A capelão do rei, father João Pinto left an Indian man in Porto where he was picked up in 1546 by the Evora-based Santa Marta convent's nuns to serve as their slave. However, female slaves did not serve in male establishments, unlike vice versa.[22]

Japanese Christian Daimyos mainly responsible for selling to the Portuguese their fellow Japanese. Japanese women and Japanese men, Javanese, Chinese, and Indians were all sold as slaves in Portugal.[23]

Traits such as high intelligence were ascribed to Indians, Chinese, and Japanese slaves.[24][25][26]

Notable people with Indian ancestry[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Population of Overseas Indians.
  2. ↑ "Uma comunidade indiana em Portugal diversa e dialogante na fé". SIC Notícias (in português). 5 May 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  3. ↑ "Relatório de Migrações e Asilo 2023" (PDF). AIMA (in português).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Resident Foreign Population in Portugal - India". 2023.
  5. ↑ "Immigration during 2019" (PDF).
  6. ↑ "Immigration during 2020" (PDF).
  7. ↑ "Immigration during 2021" (PDF).
  8. ↑ "Immigration during 2022" (PDF).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Embassy of India, Lisbon, Portugal : Indian Community in Portugal". Embassy of India, Lisbon, Portugal. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  10. ↑ Peter C. Mancall, ed. (2007). The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 (illustrated ed.). UNC Press Books. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-8078-3159-5. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  11. ↑ Alberto da Costa e Silva (2014). "25 Escravo ugual a negro". A manilha e o libambo: A África e a escravidão, de 1500 a 1700 (2 ed.). Nova Fronteira. ISBN 978-8520939499. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  12. ↑ Hugh Thomas (1997). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 – 1870 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 119. ISBN 0684835657. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  13. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  14. ↑ Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida (2002). Andrade Martins Conceição; Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro (eds.). A Agricultura: Dicionário das Ocupações, Nuno Luís Madureira (coord.), História do Trabalho e das Ocupações (PDF) (in português). Vol. III. Oeiras: Celta Editora. p. 162. ISBN 972-774-133-9. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  15. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 31. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  16. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 31. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  17. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 972-96965-3-5. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  18. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 972-96965-3-5. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  19. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 103. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  20. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 24. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  21. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  22. ↑ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in português). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 45. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  23. ↑ José Yamashiro (1989). Chòque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII. IBRASA. p. 103. ISBN 85-348-1068-0. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  24. ↑ A. C. de C. M. Saunders (1982). A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555. Vol. 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society Hakluyt Society (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-521-23150-7. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  25. ↑ Jeanette Pinto (1992). Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842. Himalaya Pub. House. p. 18. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  26. ↑ Charles Ralph Boxer (1968). Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770 (2, illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford U.P. p. 225. ISBN 9780196380742. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  27. ↑ "Catarina Furtado tem ascendência indiana! Apresentadora descobre casa do trisavô". Maria.pt (in português). 24 April 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2023.

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