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Punjabi diaspora
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| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 2.5―10 million.[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Punjabi and its dialects • English • Swahili • Malaysian • Cantonese • Thai • Indonesian • Tamil • Tagalog • and numerous more other languages | |
| Religion | |
 Sikhism •  Islam •  Hinduism •  Christianity •  Jainism •  Buddhism • non-religious | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Indian Diaspora, Sikh diaspora, Pakistani diaspora, South Asian Diaspora |
The Punjabi diaspora refers to the descendants of ethnic Punjabis who emigrated out of the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent to the rest of the world. Punjabis are one of the largest ethnic groups in both the Pakistani and Indian diasporas. The Punjabi diaspora numbers around the world has been given between 2.5―10 million, mainly concentrated in Britain, Canada, United States, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand.[1]
Afghanistan[edit]
Bangladesh[edit]
Many families from Punjab, Pakistan migrated to erstwhile East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) as it was one country at the time. Some of these families chose to remain in Bangladesh after its independence. One such example is the family of Bangladeshi-Punjabi cricketer Junaid Siddique.
Australia[edit]
Punjabis migrated to Australia from other parts of the Punjabi diaspora, as well from the state of Punjab itself. The Majority were Sikh and Hindu Punjabis instead of Muslims being the minority.[2]
Canada[edit]
85% of Indo-Canadians in British Columbia are Punjabi Sikhs,[3] including former premier of British Columbia, Ujjal Dosanjh.
Germany[edit]
The Punjabi Sikh diaspora in Germany is around 15,000-21,000.
Georgia[edit]
In 2012 around 2000 farmers from Punjab, India migrated to Georgia to do farming .[4] As of 2018 around 200 out of them are still living there in Tsnori, a town in Kakheti region.[5]
Hong Kong[edit]
Among Hong Kong Indian adolescents, Punjabi is the third most common language other than Cantonese.[6] The Punjabis were influential in the military, and in line with the British military thinking of the time (namely, the late 19th century and early 20th century) Punjabi Sikhs, Punjabi Hindus and Punjabi Muslims formed two separate regiments. The regiments were as follows:
- Punjab regiment: 25,000 soldiers (50% Muslim, 40% Hindu and 10% Sikh)
- Sikh Regiment: 10,000 soldiers (80% Sikh, 20% Hindu)
In 1939, Hong Kong's police force included 272 Europeans, 774 Indians (mainly Punjabis) and 1140 Chinese.[7] Punjabis dominated Hong Kong's police force until the 1950s.[8]
From the 2006 Government by-census results, it shows a population of roughly 20,444 Indians and roughly 11,111 Pakistanis residing at the former British territory.[9]
Iran[edit]
Around 60 Punjabi Sikh families resides in Iran.[10] Punjabi language is also taught at Kendriya Vidyalaya Tehran, an Indian co-educational school in Baharestan District, Tehran.[11]
Japan[edit]
There are 71,000 Punjabis. In Japan 98% of the Punjabis are Sikh and 1.5% of the Punjabis are Christian.[12]
Kenya[edit]
Most Kenyan Asians are Gujaratis, but the second largest group are Punjabis.[13] All three major religious groups (Sikh, Muslim and Hindu) are represented in the Punjabi population. The artisan Ramgharia caste used to be the largest group amongst the Sikhs.[14]
Malaysia[edit]
Although most Malaysian Indians are Tamils, there were also many Punjabis that immigrated to Malaysia. They are known to be the third largest Indian ethnic group in Malaysia, after the Tamils and Malayalees. According to Amarjit Kaur as of 1993 there were 60, 000 Punjabis in Malaysia.[15] Robin Cohen estimates the number of Malaysian Sikhs as 30, 000 (as of 1995).[7] Recent figures state that there are 130,000 Sikhs in Malaysia.[16]
New Zealand[edit]
In New Zealand, Punjabis are one of the largest group of Indian New Zealanders.[17]
Persian Gulf states[edit]
In the Gulf states, the largest group among Pakistani expatriates are the Punjabis.[18]
Philippines[edit]
The Philippines has over 50,000 Punjabi Indians as recently as the year 2016, not including illegal Punjabi Indian immigrants. This makes the Philippines having the 6th highest population of Punjabi Indians in the world.[19]
Singapore[edit]
The third largest group among Indo-Singaporeans in 1980 were Punjabis (after Tamils - who form a majority of Indo-Singaporeans - and Malayalis), at 7.8% of the Indo-Singaporean population.[20]
Thailand[edit]
Most Indians in Thailand are Punjabis.[21]
United Kingdom[edit]
In the United Kingdom, around two-thirds of direct migrants (excluding South Asians that immigrated from the Caribbean, Fiji and other regions) from South Asia were Punjabi. The remaining third is mostly Gujarati and Bengali.[22] They form a majority of both the South Asian British Sikh and Hindu communities.
Most "twice-migrants" were also Punjabi or Gujarati.[23]
United Kingdom is also known as the birth place of bhangra music, a style of non traditional Punjabi music created by the Punjabi diaspora.
United States[edit]
The earliest South Asian immigrants to the United States were Punjabis, who mostly immigrated to the West Coast, particularly California.[24] Half of Pakistani Americans are Punjabis.[25] 85% of the early Indian immigrants to the US were Sikhs, although they were incorrectly branded by White Americans as "Hindus".[26] 90% of Indians who settled in the Central Valley of California were Punjabi Sikhs.[27]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "567 Shinder S. Thandi, Punjabi diaspora and homeland relations". eprints.soas.ac.uk.
- ↑ Tony Ballantyne (16 August 2006). Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World. ISBN 0822338246.
- ↑ Mahendra Gaur (2007). Foreign policy annual. p. 317. ISBN 9788178353425.
- ↑ Dogra, Chander Suta (January 6, 2013). "From Taran Taran to Tbilisi, in search of a farming paradise". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
- ↑ Service, Tribune News. "The Georgia Giants". Tribuneindia News Service.
- ↑ Martha Carswell Pennington (1998). Language in Hong Kong at Century's End. Hong Kong University Press. p. 219. ISBN 9789622094185.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Robin Cohen (1995). The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521444057.
- ↑ Carol R. Ember; Melvin Ember; Ian A. Skoggard (2004). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities. Springer. ISBN 9780306483219.
- ↑ Hong Kong SAR Government (2007). Census and Statistics Department 2006 Population By-census: Section A, Table A105. Hong Kong SAR Government.
- ↑ Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (20 May 2016). "Prime Minister Narendra Modi to visit Iran Gurdwara". The Economic Times.
- ↑ "International Schools in Tehran: Indian KV School". December 7, 2017.
- ↑ Project, Joshua. "Punjabi in Japan".
- ↑ Wilfred Whiteley (1974). Language in Kenya. ISBN 978-0-19-436103-3.
- ↑ Roger Sanjek (11 November 2014). Mutuality: Anthropology's Changing Terms of Engagement. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-8122-9031-8.
- ↑ Amarjit Kaur (1993). Historical Dictionary of Malaysia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810826298.
- ↑ "Punjabis Without Punjabi". apnaorg.com.
- ↑ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "Indian communities". teara.govt.nz.
- ↑ Ayesha Jalal (1995). Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ "Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President". 18 May 2016.
- ↑ Altehenger-Smith, Sherida (1990). Language Change Via Language Planning: Some Theoretical and Empirical Aspects with a Focus on Singapore. p. 77. ISBN 9783871189388.
- ↑ Kernial Singh Sandhu; A. Mani (2006). Indian Communities in Southeast Asia. ISBN 9789812304186.
- ↑ Roger Ballard, Marcus Banks (1994). Desh Pardesh. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 19–20.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ↑ Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. p. 158. ISBN 9780415939195.
- ↑ Parmatma Saran, Edwin Eames (2007). The New Ethnics: Asian Indians in the United States. ISBN 9781575911113.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ↑ http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Pakistani-Americans.html - Under "Language"
- ↑ David M. Reimers (2005). Other Immigrants: The Global Origins of the American People. NYU Press. p. 61.
- ↑ Margaret A. Gibson (1988). Accommodation Without Assimilation. Cornell University Press. p. 2.
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