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| {{Lead rewrite|date=November 2020}} | | {{Short description|Former Hindu Kingdom}} |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} |
| {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
| {{Infobox former country | | {{Infobox Former Subdivision |
| |native_name = Sant State | | |native_name = |
| |year_start = 1255 | | |conventional_long_name = Sant State |
| |event_end = [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]] | | |common_name = Sant State |
| |year_end = 1948 | | |nation = [[British India]] |
| |image_flag = Sant state flag.png | | |subdivision = [[Princely state]] |
| |flag_caption = Flag of the Sant State | | |era = |
| |image_coat = Crest painting copy.jpg | | |capital = [[Santrampur]] |
| |symbol_type = Coat of arms | | |year_start = 1255 |
| |image_map = Rewa Kantha Agency with all Princely States Gujarat during British India 1800 - 1950.png | | |date_start = |
| |image_map_caption = Territory of the Sant State in the period 1800-1950 | | |event_start= |
| |capital = [[Santrampur]]
| | |year_end = 1950 |
| |government_type = Monarchy
| | |date_end = |
| }}
| | |event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]] |
| | |event1 = |
| | |date_event1 = |
| | |s1 = India |
| | |flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg |
| | |image_flag = |
| | |image_coat = Sant coa.png |
| | |image_map = |
| | |image_map_caption = |
| | |stat_area1 =1,367 |
| | |state_anthem= |
| | |stat_year1 = 1901 |
| | |stat_pop1 = |
| | |today = India |
| | |footnotes = |
| | }} |
| | The '''Kingdom of Santrampur''' or later '''Sant State''' was a kingdom and later a [[princely state]] in subsidiary alliance with British India. It was ruled by Mahipavat branch of the [[Paramara dynasty]]. |
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| [[File:Joravarsinh, ruler of Sunth State c. 1922.png|thumb|H.H. Maharana Shri Joraver Sinhji, The Raja of Sant State c. 1922]] | | [[File:Joravarsinh, ruler of Sunth State c. 1922.png|thumb|H.H. Maharana Shri Joraver Sinhji, The Raja of Sant State c. 1922]] |
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| '''Santrampur State''' (Sant State, also spelt Sunth<ref name="Gazetteer" /> and Soanth<ref name="Aitchison1876-IV">{{cite book |last1=Aitchison |first1=C.U. |last2=Talbot |first2=A.C |title=A collection of treaties, engagements, and sunnuds relating to India and neighboring countries. Vol. IV |date=1876 |publisher=Foreign Office Press |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924007471935}}</ref>) is a former state located in the present-day state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. It covered an area of approximately {{cvt|1,367|km2}} and was bounded on the north by the dominions of [[Dungarpur]] and [[Banswara]] in [[Rajputana]]. On the east was the sub division of [[Jhalod]] in the [[Panchmahal district|Panch Mahals]]. On the south it touched the small state of Sanjeli while on the west it was bounded by the State of [[Lunavada]].The State enjoyed a hereditary salute of 9 gun and 11 gun local salute.
| | The capital of the state was [[Santrampur]]. It covered an area of approximately 1,367 km<sup>2</sup> and was bounded on the north by the dominions of [[Dungarpur]] and [[Banswara]] in [[Rajputana]]. On the east was the sub division of [[Jhalod]] in the [[Panchmahal district|Panch Mahals]]. On the south it touched the small state of Sanjeli while on the west it was bounded by the State of [[Lunavada]]. |
| The rulers of Santrampur are [[Parmar]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]]. They claim descent from the Mahipavat branch of the famous [[Malwa]] dynasty. | | |
| | The State enjoyed a hereditary salute of 9 gun and 11 gun local salute. The ruler of Sant State signed the [[accession to the Indian Union]] after Indian independence. |
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| == History == | | == History == |
| According to bardic history, the state was founded in c. 1255 by an individual named Sant who had been forced to leave [[Jhalod]] upon the military defeat of his father, Jalamsingh.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.33936/page/n3|title=List of ruling princes and chiefs in political relations with the Government of Bombay and their leading officials, nobles and personages|publisher=Central Publication Branch|year=1931|location=Calcutta}}</ref><ref name="Gazetteer" /> Sant's brother, Limdev, founded the nearby state of Kadana.<ref name="Gazetteer" />
| | In 1753, The Maharawal of [[Banswara State]], killed the three sons of [[Rana (title)|Rana]] Ratansinhjii and tried to capture the throne of Sant [[Princely state|State]]; the fourth son who was an infant named Badansinghji was hidden by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Malwa]] and grew up in a [[List of Koli people|Koli]] family. The Maharawal annexed the Sant State in Banswara State and established his army in Sant. After several years, when Badansinghji reached maturity, the Kolis of Malwa attacked the army of Banswara. The Kolis of Malwa defeated the army of Maharawal and threw it out of Sant state. After that, Kolis of Malwa established Rana Badansinhji at the throne of Sant State.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=Sunth+state+kolis&pg=PA746|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|last1=Solomon|first1=R. V.|last2=Bond|first2=J. W.|date=2006|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120619654|language=en}}</ref> |
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| In 1753, The [[Maharawal]] of [[Banswara State]], killed the three sons of [[Rana (title)|Rana]] Ratansinhjii and tried to capture the throne of Sant State; the fourth son who was an infant named Badansinghji was hidden by [[Kolis]] of [[Malwa]] and grew up in a Koli family. The Maharawal annexed the Sant State in Banswara State and established his army in Sant. After several years, when Badansinghji reached maturity, the Kolis of Malwa attacked the army of Banswara. The [[Khant (caste)|Khant]] Kolis of Malwa defeated the army of Maharawal and threw it out of Sant state. After that, Kolis of Malwa established Rana Badansinghji Pawar at the throne of Sant State.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=Sunth+state+kolis&pg=PA746|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|last1=Solomon|first1=R. V.|last2=Bond|first2=J. W.|date=2006|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120619654|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gazetteer">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pb4IAAAAQAAJ|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Rewa Kántha, Nárukot, Cambay, and Surat states|date=1880|publisher=Government Central Press|language=en|ref=RewakanthaGazetteer}}</ref> | |
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| In 1803, Sant State entered into a defensive treaty with the British Government, but the latter subsequently reneged on the treaty under Lord Cornwallis' policy of not entering alliances with Indian states.<ref name="Gazetteer" /><ref name="Aitchison1876-IV" /> Thereafter, on 10 August 1819, Sant State was party to an agreement between [[Scindia]] and [[Lunavada State|Lunawada]] mediated by the British, which effectively made the state a British vassal.<ref name="Gazetteer" /><ref name="Aitchison1876-IV" /> The state was placed under the administration of the Rewa Kantha [[Rewa Kantha Agency]] in 1825.<ref name="Gazetteer" />
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| In 1913, the state was rocked by an [[adivasi]] ([[Bhil people|Bhil]]) uprising led by [[Govindgiri]].<ref name="RewakanthaDirectory">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu|title=The Rewakantha Directory|last=Parmar|first=Ladhabhai Harji|publisher=Parmar Press|year=1922|location=Rajkot|pages=[https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/53 53]}}</ref>
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| The last ruler of Sant State signed the accession to the Indian Union on 10 June 1948,{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} by which the state ceased to exist and merged into [[Gujarat]], and was assigned a [[Privy purse in India|Privy purse]] of 112,000 Rupees.
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| == Rulers == | | == Rulers == |
| {{Princely states topics}}
| | The rulers of Sant belong to the [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]] clan of [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=The Imperial Publishing Co. |first=Lahore |url=http://archive.org/details/TwiK_his-imperial-majesty-king-george-5-and-the-princes-of-india-and-the-indian-empir |title=His Imperial Majesty King George 5 And The Princes Of India And The Indian Empire ( Historical Biographical) Compiled By K. R. Khosla, 1937, Lahore The Imperial Publishing Co., Lahore |pages=145}}</ref> They are descended from [[Vikramaditya]] and [[Bhoja]].<ref name=":0" /> |
| Rulers of Sant belongs to the Mahipavat branch of the [[Parmar]] clan of the [[Rajput]]s.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Sunth State (India|first=British)|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.granth.109178|title=Administration Report of the Sunth State for the year 1914-15 to 1918-19 (bounded together)|date=1916|publisher=The Government Central Press (Sunth)}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Sunth State (India|first=British)|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.granth.109177|title=Administration Report of Sunth State, for the year 1910-1911 to 1913-14 (bounded together)|date=1912|publisher=The Government Central Press (Sunth)}}</ref><ref name=":0">''Memoranda on Native States in India, Together with a List of Independent Ruling Chiefs, Chiefs of Frontier States, and Other Notables with Their Proper Forms of Address''. Superintendent Government Print., India. 1911.</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Newul Kishore Press Lucknow|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209992|title=Whos Who In India Vol-ii 1911|date=1911}}</ref> The state is said to have been founded in the year 1255 by Sunth.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" />
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| The Ruler of Sant is entitled to be received by the [[Governor-General of India|His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General of India]] and to be received and visited by the [[List of governors of Bombay Presidency|His Excellency the Governor of Bombay]].<ref name=":0" />
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| The ruler of Sant is titled as Maharana with the style of His Highness.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Lethbridge|first=Roper|url=http://archive.org/details/goldenbookofindi00lethuoft|title=The golden book of India, a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire|date=1893|publisher=London Macmillan|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> His Highness the Maharana of Sant is entitled to a salute of 9 guns.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" />
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| === List of Rulers===
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| Rulers of Sant were:<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Rathore|first=Abhinay|title=Sant (Princely State)|url=http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/sant|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Rajput Provinces of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2018-07-11|title=SANT|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/s/sant.html|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711221152/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/s/sant.html|archive-date=11 July 2018}}</ref>
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| * Rana Santji Jalamsinhji.
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| * Rana Navghanji Santji.
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| * Rana Napaji Navghanji.
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| * Rana Prithisinhji Napaji.
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| * Rana Surajji Prithisinhji.
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| * Rana Jesinhji Surajji.
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| * Rana Akherajji Jesinhji.
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| * Rana Gajsinhji I Jesinhji.
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| * Rana Kumbhkaranaji Jesinhji.
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| ** Ramsinhji Kumbharanaji.
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| ** Thakore Jetmalji, Thakore of Hirapur.
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| * Rana Ramsinhji Kumbharanaji.
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| * Rana Raymalji Ramsinhji.
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| * Rana Mandlikji Raymalji.
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| * Rana Surajmalji Mandlikji.
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| ** Ratansinhji Surajmalji.
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| ** Kumar Shri Vaghsinhji Surajmalji.
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| *** Prithisinhji Vaghsinhji.
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| * Rana Ratansinhji Surajmalji.
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| * Rana Prithisinhji Vaghsinhji.
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| * Rana Sabalsinhji Prithisinhji.
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| * Rana Gajsinhji I Sabalsinhji.
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| * Rana Mahusinhji.
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| * Rana Prithisinhji Mahusinhji.
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| * Rana Ratansinhji Prithisinhji.
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| * Rana Badansinhji Ratansinhji.
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| * Rana Shri Shivsinhji Badansinhji.
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| ** Kesrisinhji Shivsinhji.
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| ** Gajsinhji Kesrisinhji.
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| * Maharana Kesrisinhji Shivsinhji.
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| * Maharana Gajsinhji Kesrisinhji.
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| * Maharana Kalyansinhji Shivsinhji.
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| * Maharana Bhawanisinhji Kalyansinhji (b. 1832 – d. 1872).
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| * HH Maharana Pratapsinhji Bhawanisinhji (b. 1860 – d. 1896).
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| * HH Maharana Jorawarsinhji Pratapsinhji (b. 1881 – d. 1946).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
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| * HH Maharana Pravinsinhji Jorawarsinhji (b. 1907 – d. 1948).
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| * HH Maharana Krishnakumarsinhji Pravinsinhji (b. 1938 – d. 1991).
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| * Paranjayadityasinhji Krishnakumarsinhji (b. 1969)<ref name=":2" /> married Mandakini Kumari Sahiba (daughter of [[Digvijaya Singh|Digvijay Singhji Sahib Bahadur of Raghogarh]]) one son and a daughter.
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| ** Kritiranjani Kumari Sahiba of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] married Jaiveerraj Singh Sahib of Bhavnagar.<ref name=":2" />
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| ** Vrisharankadityasinhji Paranjayadityasinhji Parmar.<ref name=":2" />
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| The line is nominally continued.
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| == See also == | | == See also == |
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| == References == | | == References == |
| {{reflist}} | | {{reflist}} |
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| == External links and sources ==
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| {{Salute states}} | | {{Salute states}} |
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| [[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]] | | [[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]] |
| [[Category:Rajput princely states]]
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| [[Category:Salute states]]
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| [[Category:13th-century establishments in India]] | | [[Category:13th-century establishments in India]] |
| [[Category:1255 establishments in Asia]] | | [[Category:1255 establishments in Asia]] |
