St. Angelo Fort: Difference between revisions

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| image = kannurfort3.JPG
| image = kannurfort3.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Inside the St. Angelos Fort
| caption = Inside the St. Angelo Fort
| designation1 =  
| designation1 =  
| designation1_date = 1505
| designation1_date = 1505
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In 1498, during [[Vasco da Gama]]'s visit to India, the local [[Kolathiri]] king granted the land to [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] to build a settlement in present-day Kerala. On 23 October 1505, he gave the Portuguese leader [[Francisco de Almeida]] the permission to build a fort at the site. The construction activity began the very next day, on 24 October 1505, when Goncalo Gil Barbosa - the Portuguese [[factor (agent)|factor]] of Cannanore (Kannur) - laid the foundation stone. The construction of the wooden fort was completed on 30 October 1505: its first Captain was Lourenco Britto, who led a garrison of 150 Portuguese men, and controlled two ships in the sea. After the fort was completed, Almeida began using the title "Viceroy", and in 1507, he started the construction of a stone fort at the site.<ref name="KMM_1988">{{cite book |author=K. M. Mathew |title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165 |year=1988 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-046-8 |pages=165–166}}</ref>
In 1498, during [[Vasco da Gama]]'s visit to India, the local [[Kolathiri]] king granted the land to [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] to build a settlement in present-day Kerala. On 23 October 1505, he gave the Portuguese leader [[Francisco de Almeida]] the permission to build a fort at the site. The construction activity began the very next day, on 24 October 1505, when Goncalo Gil Barbosa - the Portuguese [[factor (agent)|factor]] of Cannanore (Kannur) - laid the foundation stone. The construction of the wooden fort was completed on 30 October 1505: its first Captain was Lourenco Britto, who led a garrison of 150 Portuguese men, and controlled two ships in the sea. After the fort was completed, Almeida began using the title "Viceroy", and in 1507 he started the construction of a stone fort at the site.<ref name="KMM_1988">{{cite book |author=K. M. Mathew |title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165 |year=1988 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-046-8 |pages=165–166}}</ref>


The fort was later attacked in vain by the local Indian ruler Zamorin and Kolathiri in the [[Siege of Cannanore (1507)]].
The fort was later attacked in vain by the local Indian ruler Zamorin and Kolathiri in the [[Siege of Cannanore (1507)]].
[[File:Fort_at_Kannur.jpg|left|thumb|Fort at Kannur]]
[[File:Fort_at_Kannur.jpg|left|thumb|Fort at Kannur]]


In August 1509 Almeida, refusing to recognize [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]'s as the new Portuguese governor to supersede himself, arrested him in this fortress after having fought the naval [[Battle of Diu]]. Afonso de Albuquerque was released after six months' confinement, and become governor on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in October 1509.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ricardo Bonalume |last=Neto |title=Lightning rod of Portuguese India | work=MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History | publisher=Cowles Enthusiast Media Spring | date=2002-04-01 |page=68  }}</ref>
In August 1509 Almeida, refusing to recognize [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]'s as the new Portuguese governor to supersede himself, arrested him in this fortress after having fought the naval [[Battle of Diu]]. Afonso de Albuquerque was released after six months' confinement and become governor on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in October 1509.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ricardo Bonalume |last=Neto |title=Lightning rod of Portuguese India | work=MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History | publisher=Cowles Enthusiast Media Spring | date=2002-04-01 |page=68  }}</ref>


The fort provided naval supplies for the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] and the [[Portuguese–Mamluk naval war|Portuguese battles against Mamuluk]]. As the local Portuguese settlement at Kannur had no sources of revenue, the fort's expenses were met with funding from Goa, the seat of Portuguese rule in India.<ref name="KMM_1988"/>
The fort provided naval supplies for the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] and the [[Portuguese–Mamluk naval war|Portuguese battles against the Mamluk]]. As the local Portuguese settlement at Kannur had no sources of revenue, the fort's expenses were met with funding from Goa, the seat of Portuguese rule in India.<ref name="KMM_1988"/>


On 15 February 1663, the [[Dutch India|Dutch]] captured the fort from the Portuguese.<ref name="KMM_1988"/> They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the [[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]]. The Dutch sold the fort to king [[Ali Raja]] of [[Arakkal]] in 1772. In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station in Malabar until 1947.
On 15 February 1663, the [[Dutch India|Dutch]] captured the fort from the Portuguese.<ref name="KMM_1988"/> They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the [[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]]. The Dutch sold the fort to king [[Ali Raja]] of [[Arakkal]] in 1772. In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station in Malabar until 1947.
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==Present status==
==Present status==


The ''[[Mappila Bay|Moppila Bay]] Harbor'' and ''[[Arakkal]] Mosque'' are near the fort. The fort is now well-maintained under the supervision of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Tourists are allowed entry to the fort every day of the week between 8 AM to 6 PM.
The ''[[Mappila Bay|Moppila Bay]] Harbor'' and ''[[Arakkal]] Mosque'' are near the fort. The fort is now well-maintained under the supervision of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. The fort is open to tourists.


<gallery mode=packed heights=160 style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
<gallery mode=packed heights=160 style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
File:St.angelo fort side view.jpg|St. Angelo Fort
File:St.angelo fort side view.jpg|St. Angelo Fort
File:Kannur Fort gate.jpg|The Fort Gate
File:Kannur Fort gate.jpg|The Fort Gate
File:Kannur-Fort-22.jpg|Kannur fort, inside view.
File:Kannur-Fort-22.jpg|Kannur fort, inside view
File:Kannur-Fort-10.JPG|The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch inscruptions. <!-- The writings deciphered by a Tourism Policeman named Sathyan Edakkad -->
File:Kannur-Fort-10.JPG|The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch inscriptions<!-- The writings deciphered by a Tourism Policeman named Sathyan Edakkad -->
File:Kannur-fort-27.jpg|The watch tower.
File:Kannur-fort-27.jpg|The watchtower
File:kannur-fort-19.jpg|The [[chapel]] inside the fort after the restoration.
File:kannur-fort-19.jpg|The [[chapel]] inside the fort after the restoration
File:Kannur fort chapel.jpg|chapel inside the fort different view
File:Kannur fort chapel.jpg|Chapel inside the fort different view
File:Kannur-fort-6.jpg|The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with [[laterite]] material.
File:Kannur-fort-6.jpg|The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with [[laterite]] material.
File:Kannur-Fort-8.jpg|Remains of the early oil lamp [[Cannanore Lighthouse|lighthouse]] inside the fort.
File:Kannur-Fort-8.jpg|Remains of the early oil lamp [[Cannanore Lighthouse|lighthouse]] inside the fort
File:Kannur-Fort-13.jpg|Inside view of the army barracks.
File:Kannur-Fort-13.jpg|Inside view of the army barracks
File:kannurfort9a.jpg|Another view from the top of the Stable.
File:kannurfort9a.jpg|Another view from the top of the stable
File:Kannur-Fort-16.jpg|The old entrance to the fort
File:Kannur-Fort-16.jpg|The old entrance to the fort
File:St. Angelo's Fort (4334331332).jpg|Entrance to the fort
File:St. Angelo's Fort (4334331332).jpg|Entrance to the fort
File:Kannur-Fort-and-Arabian-Sea.jpg|Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea.
File:Kannur-Fort-and-Arabian-Sea.jpg|Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea
File:Kannur fort gun.JPG|A [[Cannon]] at Kannur fort.
File:Kannur fort gun.JPG|A [[cannon]] at Kannur fort
File:Kannur fort.jpg|[[Cannon|Cannons]] at Kannur fort
File:Kannur fort.jpg|[[Cannon|Cannons]] at Kannur fort
File:Kannur fort entrance.JPG|Main entrance.
File:Kannur fort entrance.JPG|Main entrance
File:Kannur fort aerial view.JPG|View from the top.
File:Kannur fort aerial view.JPG|View from the top
File:St. Angelo Fort, Kannur.JPG|St. Angelo Fort, Kannur
File:St. Angelo Fort, Kannur.JPG|St. Angelo Fort, Kannur
</gallery>
</gallery>
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[[Category:Forts in Kerala]]
[[Category:Forts in Kerala]]
[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]
[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]
[[Category:Colonial Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kannur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kannur]]
[[Category:Portuguese in Kerala]]
[[Category:Portuguese India Armadas]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1505]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1505]]
[[Category:1505 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1505 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1500s establishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:1500s establishments in Portuguese India]]

Latest revision as of 16:43, 6 March 2026


This article is about the fort in Kannur, India. For other uses, see Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Fort St Angelo of Malta.
St. Angelo Fort, Kannur
Fortaleza de Santo Ângelo de Cananor
Inside the St. Angelo Fort
LocationKannur, Kerala, India
Coordinates11°51′15″N 75°22′19″E / 11.854200°N 75.371811°E / 11.854200; 75.371811
St. Angelo Fort is located in Kerala
St. Angelo Fort
Location in Northern end of Kerala, India

St. Angelo Fort (also known as Kannur Fort or Kannur Kotta) is a fort facing the Arabian Sea, situated 3 km from Canannore (Kannur), a city in Kerala state, south India.

History[edit | edit source]

Cannonore fort & Bay'; a watercolor by John Johnston, c.1795-1801

In 1498, during Vasco da Gama's visit to India, the local Kolathiri king granted the land to Portuguese to build a settlement in present-day Kerala. On 23 October 1505, he gave the Portuguese leader Francisco de Almeida the permission to build a fort at the site. The construction activity began the very next day, on 24 October 1505, when Goncalo Gil Barbosa - the Portuguese factor of Cannanore (Kannur) - laid the foundation stone. The construction of the wooden fort was completed on 30 October 1505: its first Captain was Lourenco Britto, who led a garrison of 150 Portuguese men, and controlled two ships in the sea. After the fort was completed, Almeida began using the title "Viceroy", and in 1507 he started the construction of a stone fort at the site.[1]

The fort was later attacked in vain by the local Indian ruler Zamorin and Kolathiri in the Siege of Cannanore (1507).

Fort at Kannur

In August 1509 Almeida, refusing to recognize Afonso de Albuquerque's as the new Portuguese governor to supersede himself, arrested him in this fortress after having fought the naval Battle of Diu. Afonso de Albuquerque was released after six months' confinement and become governor on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in October 1509.[2]

The fort provided naval supplies for the Portuguese conquest of Goa and the Portuguese battles against the Mamluk. As the local Portuguese settlement at Kannur had no sources of revenue, the fort's expenses were met with funding from Goa, the seat of Portuguese rule in India.[1]

On 15 February 1663, the Dutch captured the fort from the Portuguese.[1] They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. The Dutch sold the fort to king Ali Raja of Arakkal in 1772. In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station in Malabar until 1947.

The fort is in the Cannanore Cantonment area. It is fairly well preserved as a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. St Angelo's fort is a most important historical monument and a popular tourist attraction. Six Tourism Policeman are posted here for protection duty.

In 2015, thousands of cannonballs weighing several kilos were discovered from the Fort premises. The Archaeological Survey of India, which led the excavation, believes these were buried as part of military preparedness.

Present status[edit | edit source]

The Moppila Bay Harbor and Arakkal Mosque are near the fort. The fort is now well-maintained under the supervision of the Archaeological Survey of India. The fort is open to tourists.

  • St. Angelo Fort
    St. Angelo Fort
  • The Fort Gate
    The Fort Gate
  • Kannur fort, inside view
    Kannur fort, inside view
  • The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch inscriptions
    The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch inscriptions
  • The watchtower
    The watchtower
  • The chapel inside the fort after the restoration
    The chapel inside the fort after the restoration
  • Chapel inside the fort different view
    Chapel inside the fort different view
  • The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with laterite material.
    The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with laterite material.
  • Remains of the early oil lamp lighthouse inside the fort
    Remains of the early oil lamp lighthouse inside the fort
  • Inside view of the army barracks
    Inside view of the army barracks
  • Another view from the top of the stable
    Another view from the top of the stable
  • The old entrance to the fort
    The old entrance to the fort
  • Entrance to the fort
    Entrance to the fort
  • Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea
    Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea
  • A cannon at Kannur fort
    A cannon at Kannur fort
  • Cannons at Kannur fort
    Cannons at Kannur fort
  • Main entrance
    Main entrance
  • View from the top
    View from the top
  • St. Angelo Fort, Kannur
    St. Angelo Fort, Kannur

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 K. M. Mathew (1988). History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600. Mittal. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-81-7099-046-8.
  2. ↑ Neto, Ricardo Bonalume (1 April 2002). "Lightning rod of Portuguese India". MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History. Cowles Enthusiast Media Spring. p. 68.


11°51′15″N 75°22′19″E / 11.854200°N 75.371811°E / 11.854200; 75.371811 Template:Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire

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