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{{Short description|Former princely state in Gujarat, India (1540–1947)}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox former country|area_km2=9820|official_languages=[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|government_type=[[Monarchy]]|s1=India|flag_s1=Flag of India.svg|event_end=[[Independence of India]]|established_date1=1540|established_event1=Battle of Mitoli|leader_title1=[[Jam Sahib]]|religion=[[Hinduism]] ({{small|[[Official religion|Official]]}})<br/>[[Islam]]<br/>[[Jainism]]<br/>[[Christianity]] | {{Infobox former country | ||
| area_km2 = 9820 | |||
| official_languages = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] | |||
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]| | |||
| year_start = 1540 | |||
| year_end = 1947 | |||
| s1 = India | |||
| flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg | |||
| event_end = [[Independence of India]] | |||
| established_date1 = 1540 | |||
| established_event1 = Battle of Mitoli | |||
| leader_title1 = [[Jam Sahib]] | |||
| religion = [[Hinduism]] ({{small|[[Official religion|Official]]}})<br/>[[Islam]]<br/>[[Jainism]]<br/>[[Christianity]] | |||
| map_caption = Navanagar, part of Bombay Presidency, 1909 | |||
| image_map = Bombay Prov north 1909.jpg | |||
| image_coat = Nawanagar State-coa.png | |||
| image_flag = Flag of the Nawanagar State.svg | |||
| common_name = Nawanagar | |||
| conventional_long_name = State of Jamnagar | |||
}} | |||
'''Nawanagar''' | '''Nawanagar''' (present day [[Jamnagar]]) was an Indian state and then a [[princely state]] in the historical [[Halar]] region, located on the southern shores of the [[Gulf of Kutch]]. It was ruled by the [[Jadeja|Jadeja Rajput]] dynasty and became a part of newly formed [[India]]. Its capital city was Nawanagar city, now known as [[Jamnagar]]. It had an area of {{convert|3791|sqmi|km2}} and a population estimated at 336,779 in 1901. Its rulers, who use the title of "[[Jam Saheb]]" are of the same clan as the [[Cutch State|Rao of Kutch]].<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Nawanagar |volume=19 |pages=317–318}}</ref> They were entitled to a 13-gun salute. The state flag was a rectangular red flag with a white elephant, near and facing the hoist. During the [[British Raj|British]], the state was part of the [[Kathiawar Agency]], within the [[Gujarat Division]] of [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name="EB1911" /><ref>{{cite book|title=[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India|The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18]]|chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_425.gif|year=1909|publisher=Oxford [[Clarendon Press]], London|page=419|chapter=Nawanagar State|ref=Im|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129030253/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_425.gif|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
The state had a [[pearl]] fishery and much of its wealth came from this. Nawanagar is also famous for its | The state had a [[pearl]] fishery and much of its wealth came from this. Nawanagar is also famous for its late ruler Jam Saheb [[Ranjitsinhji]] (died 1933), who was a famous [[cricket]] player at Cambridge in England and represented [[England cricket team|England]] in Test cricket, before his accession to the throne. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Ranjitsinh.jpeg|thumb|Picture of [[Ranjitsinhji]], celebrated cricketer and Maharaja of Nawanagar.]]Nawanagar was founded in 1540 by [[Jam Rawal|Jam Sri Rawalji]], a descendant of the [[Jadeja]] ruler of [[Cutch State|Kutch]], and was thereafter in an almost constant state of war with its neighbours and with the [[Mughal Empire]]. Two such major | [[File:Ranjitsinh.jpeg|thumb|Picture of [[Ranjitsinhji]], celebrated cricketer and Maharaja of Nawanagar.]]Nawanagar (present day [[Jamnagar]]) was founded in 1540 by [[Jam Rawal|Jam Sri Rawalji]], a descendant of the [[Jadeja]] ruler of [[Cutch State|Kutch]], and was thereafter in an almost constant state of war with its neighbours and with the [[Mughal Empire]]. Two such major wars were the [[Battle of Mithoi]] and [[Battle of Bhuchar Mori]] fought in 1591. During the Reign of [[Shah Jahan]], the ruler of Nawanagar paid tribute and maintained obedience to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.513882 |title=History of Aurangzib |date=1925 |publisher=M.C. Sarkar & Sons |edition=2nd |volume=I-II |location=Calcutta |pages=71 |language=en |quote=A former viceroy, Azam Khan, (1635-41), had vigorously punished the robber tribes, built forts in their midst to maintain order, and forced the ruler of Nawánagar, (present day [[Jamnagar]]) to promise tribute and obedience to the imperial Government |orig-year=1912}}</ref> The "Walker Treaty of 1807" brought peace to the Kathiawar states for the first time in several generations. Nawanagar came under British protection on 22 February 1812. | ||
K. S. [[Ranjitsinhji]] was one of the world's greatest cricket players and, later, became Jam Saheb in 1907 until 1933.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/407098/Sir-Ranjitsinhji-Vibhaji-Maharaja-Jam-Saheb-of-Nawanagar|title=Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Maharaja Jam Saheb of Nawānagar|encyclopedia=[[Britannica | K. S. [[Ranjitsinhji]] was one of the world's greatest cricket players and, later, became Jam Saheb in 1907 until 1933.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/407098/Sir-Ranjitsinhji-Vibhaji-Maharaja-Jam-Saheb-of-Nawanagar|title=Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Maharaja Jam Saheb of Nawānagar|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> The inclusive circle of eight players promoted excellence in cricket, both in the county and domestic games. After his death, [[Ranji Trophy]], a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides, was started in 1934 by [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI). | ||
Jam Saheb Shri Sir Ranjitsinhji remained the chancellor of the [[Chamber of Princes]] (1931–1933). After his death, in 1933, he was succeeded by his nephew [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji|Jam Saheb Shri Sir Digvijaysinhji]], who became its chancellor (1937–1944) and continued to promote the octet circle in excellence in cricket, academics and welfare. In 1942 the Maharaja set up a refugee camp for Polish children in [[Balachadi]]. | Jam Saheb Shri Sir Ranjitsinhji remained the chancellor of the [[Chamber of Princes]] (1931–1933). After his death, in 1933, he was succeeded by his nephew [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji|Jam Saheb Shri Sir Digvijaysinhji]], who became its chancellor (1937–1944) and continued to promote the octet circle in excellence in cricket, academics and welfare. In 1942 the Maharaja set up a refugee camp for Polish children in [[Balachadi]]. | ||
Nawanagar was one of the first princely states to sign the [[Instrument of Accession]] in 1948 after [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]. Afterwards, the | Nawanagar (present day [[Jamnagar]]) was one of the first princely states to sign the [[Instrument of Accession]] in 1948 after [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]. Afterwards, the late ruler, Digvijaysinhji, served as the first [[Rajpramukh]] of Kathiawad, then represented his country at the [[United Nations]]. | ||
In 1949, the | In 1949, the princely states of Nawanagar and [[Dhrol]], Jalia Dewani in Kathiawar merged into the new state of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. On 19 June 1959, the boundaries of the district were enlarged by the inclusion of the adjoining [[Okha, India|Okha]] mandal, and the district was renamed [[Jamnagar]]. This district became part of the new state of [[Gujarat]] on the division of the [[State of Bombay]] on 1 May 1960. | ||
[[Bhanji Dal Jadeja]] commanded Jam Sataji's force during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] attack on [[Junagadh State]] and defeated the attack. | |||
==Rulers (Jam Saheb)== | ==Rulers (Jam Saheb)== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 51: | ||
| 1540 – 1562 | | 1540 – 1562 | ||
| [[Jam Rawal|Rawalji Lakhaji]] | | [[Jam Rawal|Rawalji Lakhaji]] | ||
| | | 1480 | ||
| 1562 | | 1562 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 126: | Line 148: | ||
| 1895 | | 1895 | ||
| 1966 | | 1966 | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Jewellery collection== | ==Jewellery collection== | ||
The Maharaja Jamsaheb of Nawanagar were also known for their | [[File:Joyaux dynastiques Hôtel de la Marine ornement de turban au diamant dit oeil du tigre.jpg|thumb|The Eye of the Tiger.]] | ||
The Maharaja Jamsaheb of Nawanagar were also known for their jewellery collection; especially Ranjithsinhji, whose [[Emerald]] collection according to [[Jacques Cartier (jeweler)|Jacques Cartier]] was "unequaled in the world, if not in quantity, then certainly in quality". The collection included an emerald and pearl necklace, an art deco emerald and diamond necklace designed by Jacques Cartier and an Emerald collar or choker also designed by Jacques Cartier.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internetstones.com/emerald-necklaces-of-the-maharajah-of-nawanagar/|title=Emerald Necklaces of the Maharajah of Nawanagar – Internetstones.COM}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Nadelhoffer|first=Hans |title=Cartier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnKpjh1gkqgC&q=Jamsaheb+Ranjitsinhji+of+Jamnagar&pg=PA169|year=2007|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-6099-4|page=169}}</ref> | |||
The 61. | The 61.5 carat (12.3 g) whisky-coloured diamond, "The Eye of the Tiger", was mounted by [[Cartier SA|Cartier]] in a turban [[aigrette]] for the ''[[JMaharaja]]'' or [[Maharaja]] of Nawanagar in 1934.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royal-magazin.de/india/eye-of-the-tiger.htm|title=Eye of the Tiger Turban Ornament | Famous Important Diamonds |Aigrette des Maharadschas von Nawanagar|website=royal-magazin.de|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=28 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128170024/https://www.royal-magazin.de/india/eye-of-the-tiger.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 143: | Line 161: | ||
*[[Western India States Agency]] | *[[Western India States Agency]] | ||
*[[Jam Sahib]] | *[[Jam Sahib]] | ||
*[[Jamnagar & Dwarka Railway]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 148: | Line 167: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*{{ | *{{commons category-inline}} | ||
*{{Official website|http://www.nawanagar.com/}} | *{{Official website|http://www.nawanagar.com/}} | ||
| Line 157: | Line 176: | ||
[[Category:Nawanagar State| ]] | [[Category:Nawanagar State| ]] | ||
[[Category:Saurashtra (region)]] | [[Category:Saurashtra (region)]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hindu states]] | ||
[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]] | [[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]] | ||
[[Category:1540 establishments in India]] | [[Category:1540 establishments in India]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Rajput history]] | ||
[[Category:Jadejas]] | |||
[[Category:States and territories established in 1540]] | [[Category:States and territories established in 1540]] | ||
[[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]] | [[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]] | ||
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]] | [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]] | ||
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]] | [[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]] | ||
[[Category:States under the Kathiawar Agency]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:00, 15 March 2026
State of Jamnagar | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1540–1947 | |||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |||||||
 Navanagar, part of Bombay Presidency, 1909 | |||||||
| Official languages | Gujarati | ||||||
| Religion | Hinduism (Official) Islam Jainism Christianity | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| Establishment | |||||||
| History | |||||||
• Battle of Mitoli | 1540 | ||||||
• Established | 1540 | ||||||
| 1947 | |||||||
| Area | |||||||
• Total | 9,820 km2 (3,790 sq mi) | ||||||
| |||||||
Nawanagar (present day Jamnagar) was an Indian state and then a princely state in the historical Halar region, located on the southern shores of the Gulf of Kutch. It was ruled by the Jadeja Rajput dynasty and became a part of newly formed India. Its capital city was Nawanagar city, now known as Jamnagar. It had an area of 3,791 square miles (9,820 km2) and a population estimated at 336,779 in 1901. Its rulers, who use the title of "Jam Saheb" are of the same clan as the Rao of Kutch.[1] They were entitled to a 13-gun salute. The state flag was a rectangular red flag with a white elephant, near and facing the hoist. During the British, the state was part of the Kathiawar Agency, within the Gujarat Division of Bombay Presidency.[1][2]
The state had a pearl fishery and much of its wealth came from this. Nawanagar is also famous for its late ruler Jam Saheb Ranjitsinhji (died 1933), who was a famous cricket player at Cambridge in England and represented England in Test cricket, before his accession to the throne.
History[edit | edit source]
Nawanagar (present day Jamnagar) was founded in 1540 by Jam Sri Rawalji, a descendant of the Jadeja ruler of Kutch, and was thereafter in an almost constant state of war with its neighbours and with the Mughal Empire. Two such major wars were the Battle of Mithoi and Battle of Bhuchar Mori fought in 1591. During the Reign of Shah Jahan, the ruler of Nawanagar paid tribute and maintained obedience to the Mughal government.[3] The "Walker Treaty of 1807" brought peace to the Kathiawar states for the first time in several generations. Nawanagar came under British protection on 22 February 1812.
K. S. Ranjitsinhji was one of the world's greatest cricket players and, later, became Jam Saheb in 1907 until 1933.[4] The inclusive circle of eight players promoted excellence in cricket, both in the county and domestic games. After his death, Ranji Trophy, a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides, was started in 1934 by Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
Jam Saheb Shri Sir Ranjitsinhji remained the chancellor of the Chamber of Princes (1931–1933). After his death, in 1933, he was succeeded by his nephew Jam Saheb Shri Sir Digvijaysinhji, who became its chancellor (1937–1944) and continued to promote the octet circle in excellence in cricket, academics and welfare. In 1942 the Maharaja set up a refugee camp for Polish children in Balachadi.
Nawanagar (present day Jamnagar) was one of the first princely states to sign the Instrument of Accession in 1948 after Indian independence. Afterwards, the late ruler, Digvijaysinhji, served as the first Rajpramukh of Kathiawad, then represented his country at the United Nations.
In 1949, the princely states of Nawanagar and Dhrol, Jalia Dewani in Kathiawar merged into the new state of Saurashtra. On 19 June 1959, the boundaries of the district were enlarged by the inclusion of the adjoining Okha mandal, and the district was renamed Jamnagar. This district became part of the new state of Gujarat on the division of the State of Bombay on 1 May 1960.
Bhanji Dal Jadeja commanded Jam Sataji's force during the Mughal attack on Junagadh State and defeated the attack.
Rulers (Jam Saheb)[edit | edit source]
| Regime | Rulers | Born | Died |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1540 – 1562 | Rawalji Lakhaji | 1480 | 1562 |
| 1562 – 1569 | Vibhaji Rawalji | 1569 | |
| 1569 – 1608 | Sataji Vibhaji | 1608 | |
| 1608 – 1624 | Jasaji Sataji | 1624 | |
| 1624 – 1645 | Lakhaji Ajaji | 1645 | |
| 1645 – 1661 | Ranmalji Lakhaji | 1661 | |
| 1661 – 1664 | Raisinhji Lakhaji | ||
| 1664 – 1673 | Interregnum | ||
| 1673 – 1690 | Tamachi Rainsinhji | ||
| 2 October 1690 – 13 October 1708 | Lakhaji Tamachi | 1708 | |
| 13 October 1708 – 13 August 1711 | Raisinhji Lakhaji | 1711 | |
| 13 August 1711 – 1743 | Tamachi Raisinhji | 1743 | |
| September 1743 - 2 November 1767 | Lakhaji Tamachi | 1743 | 1767 |
| 2 November 1767 – 6 August 1814 | Jasaji Lakhaji | 1814 | |
| 6 August 1814 – 24 February 1820 | Sataji II Lakhaji | 1820 | |
| 24 February 1820 – 22 February 1852 | Ranmalji Sataji II | 1852 | |
| 22 February 1852 – 28 April 1895 | Vibhaji II Ranmalji | 1827 | 1895 |
| 28 April 1895 – 14 August 1906 | Jashwantsinhji Vibhaji II | 1882 | 1906 |
| 12 March 1907 – 2 April 1933 | Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji II | 1872 | 1933 |
| 2 April 1933 – 15 August 1947 | Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji | 1895 | 1966 |
Jewellery collection[edit | edit source]
The Maharaja Jamsaheb of Nawanagar were also known for their jewellery collection; especially Ranjithsinhji, whose Emerald collection according to Jacques Cartier was "unequaled in the world, if not in quantity, then certainly in quality". The collection included an emerald and pearl necklace, an art deco emerald and diamond necklace designed by Jacques Cartier and an Emerald collar or choker also designed by Jacques Cartier.[5][6]
The 61.5 carat (12.3 g) whisky-coloured diamond, "The Eye of the Tiger", was mounted by Cartier in a turban aigrette for the JMaharaja or Maharaja of Nawanagar in 1934.[7]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Nawanagar cricket team
- Political integration of India
- Western India States Agency
- Jam Sahib
- Jamnagar & Dwarka Railway
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 317–318.
- ↑ "Nawanagar State". The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18. Oxford Clarendon Press, London. 1909. p. 419. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1925) [1912]. History of Aurangzib. Vol. I–II (2nd ed.). Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar & Sons. p. 71.
A former viceroy, Azam Khan, (1635-41), had vigorously punished the robber tribes, built forts in their midst to maintain order, and forced the ruler of Nawánagar, (present day Jamnagar) to promise tribute and obedience to the imperial Government
- ↑ "Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Maharaja Jam Saheb of Nawānagar". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ "Emerald Necklaces of the Maharajah of Nawanagar – Internetstones.COM".
- ↑ Nadelhoffer, Hans (2007). Cartier. Chronicle Books. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8118-6099-4.
- ↑ "Eye of the Tiger Turban Ornament | Famous Important Diamonds |Aigrette des Maharadschas von Nawanagar". royal-magazin.de. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
