Locomotives of India: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|A list of locomotives made and run in India}}{{more citations needed|date=September 2015}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{stack begin}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2024}}
[[File:BRC WAP7.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[WAP 7]] class [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[electric locomotive]].]]
[[File:RTM WDM3A.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[WDM-3A]] [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge]] [[diesel locomotive]].]]
[[File:NMR train at Ketti 05-02-26 75.jpeg|thumb|250px|A [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] [[metre gauge]] [[Class X|Nilgiri Mountain Railway X Class]] [[steam locomotive]].]]
{{stack end}}


The [[Indian Railways]] primarily operates fleet of [[Electric locomotive|electric]] and [[diesel locomotive]]s, along with several compressed natural gas (CNG) locomotives. [[Steam locomotive]]s are operated on a few [[World Heritage Site]]s and also run occasionally as [[restored train|heritage trains]]. A locomotive is also known as a loco or more popularly as an engine. The country's first steam locomotive ran on the Red Hill Railway (built by [[Arthur Cotton]] to transport granite for road-building) from [[Red Hills, Chennai|Red Hills]] to the [[Chintadripet]] bridge in [[Madras]] in 1837.<ref name="irfca.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/history/india-first-railways.html|title=[IRFCA] India's First Railways|website=www.irfca.org}}</ref>
'''[[Indian Railways]]''' operates [[India]]'s railway system and comes under the purview of the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] of [[Government of India]]. {{As of|2025}}, it maintains over {{cvt|108,706|km|abbr=on}} of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of more than 18,000 [[locomotives]]. The railways primarily operates a fleet of [[Electric locomotive|electric]] and [[diesel locomotive]]s along with a few [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG) locomotives. [[Steam locomotive]]s are operated on [[Mountain railways of India|mountain railways]] and on [[restored train|heritage trains]]. As of February 2026, Indian Railways had 13,569 electric and 4,169 diesel locomotives.&lt;ref name="E1"&gt;{{citation|url=https://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding_02_26.pdf|title=Electric loco holding for Feb 2026|work=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=3 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="D1"&gt;{{citation|url=https://st.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya24/0/2/7/9/7075279/0/diesel3102624.pdf|title=BG Diesel loco holding for Feb 2026
{{TOC limit}}
|work=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=3 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== {{anchor|Classification of locomotives}}Classification ==
== History ==
Locomotives were classified by [[track gauge]], motive power, function and power (or model number) in a four- or five-letter code. The first letter denotes the track gauge. The second letter denotes motive power (diesel or electric), and the third letter denotes use (goods, passenger, mixed or shunting). The fourth letter denotes a locomotive's chronological model number.
The history of the Indian Railway began in 1832 with the proposal to construct the first railway line in India at [[Madras]]. In 1837, the first train ran on Red Hill railway [[railway track|line]] between [[Red Hills, Chennai|Red Hills]] and [[Chintadripet]] in Madras and was hauled by a [[Rotary engine|rotary steam engine]] imported from [[England]].&lt;ref name="Hist"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/PDF/3%20Presentation%20Shradha%20Arora%20IRICEN%202019.pdf|title=Understanding Indian Railway Heritage|work=[[Indian Railways]]|page=6|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/apr/16/chennai-the-track-record-1801999.html|title=Chennai: The track record|date=16 April 2018|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=9 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1852, a [[steam locomotive]] imported from England was tried at [[Byculla]].&lt;ref name="Locoh"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1597914101378-The%20first%20%20running%20of%20%20railway%20locomotive%20%20in%20India.pdf|title=First running of a railway locomotive in India|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|page=6|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1853, the first passenger train ran between [[Bombay]] and [[Thane]] which had 14-carriages hauled by three steam locomotives: the Sahib, Sindh and Sultan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/indias-1st-train-when-sahib-sindh-sultan-blew-steam/articleshow/19717248.cms?from=mdr|title=When India's first train blew steam|date=25 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1877, an [[Ajmer]] built F-1/734 Steam Locomotive became the first indigenously built locomotive in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/oldest-locomotive-built-in-ajmer-pride-of-delhi/articleshow/59888386.cms|title=Oldest locomotive: Built in Ajmer, pride of Delhi|date=3 August 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1925, the first [[Electric locomotive|electric train]] ran between Bombay and [[Kurla]], hauled by a [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]] (SLM) {{cvt|2400|HP|abbr=on}} electric locomotive on [[1500 V DC]] traction.&lt;ref name="Hist"/&gt;&lt;ref name="EL"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1596785062728-Locomotive_comp.pdf|title=Evolution of Electric Locomotives|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first [[diesel locomotive]] used in India was fabricated by [[North British Locomotive Company]] in 1954.&lt;ref name="Gandhi"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/mec_engg/downloads/DLS/WR/Gandhidham.pdf|title=Gandhidham shed details|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


In 2002, a new classification system was adopted. For newer diesel locomotives, the fourth letter denotes their [[horsepower]] range. Not all diesel locomotives were reclassified, and the fourth letter continues to denotes their model number.
[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works]], commissioned in 1950, was the first locomotive manufacturing unit in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|url=
https://clw.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,294|title=Chittaranjan Locomotive works|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Banaras Locomotive Works]], commissioned in 1961, is the second locomotive manufacturing unit operated by Indian Railways.&lt;ref name="Banaras"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://blw.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,294,702|title=Banaras Locomotive works|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1960s, [[Integral Coach Factory|Integral Coach Factory-Chennai]] (ICF) started developing self-propelled [[electric multiple unit]]s for short-haul and local routes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|date=15 October 1999|title=Electrical Multiple Units|url=https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya1/0/8/0/2/4684802/1/multipleunits1091923.pdf|website=Indian Rail Info|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Historical Background of Railway Electrification|url=https://core.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,294,302,530#:~:text=The%20first%20electric%20train%20ran,electrified%20on%201500%20Volt%20DC.|access-date=19 May 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]] and [[Patiala Locomotive Works]], established in 1981, also manufacture locomotives in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,552,694|title=Indian railway facilities|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, the first [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG) powered trains were rolled out by ICF.&lt;ref name="CNG"&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infrastructure/indias-first-cng-train-for-the-rewari-rohtak-section/indias-first-cng-train/slideshow/45895170.cms|title=India's first CNG train for the Rewari-Rohtak section|date=15 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, a semi-high speed self-propelled [[Vande Bharat (trainset)|train-set]] capable of reaching speeds of over {{cvt|160|kph}} was rolled out from ICF.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=20 February 2017|title=Indian Railways to roll out 'Make in India' 160 kmph self-propelled 'world-class' train sets at half the cost of import!|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/indian-railways-to-roll-out-make-in-india-160-kmph-self-propelled-world-class-train-sets-at-half-the-cost-of-imports/558791/|access-date=20 May 2023|newspaper=The Financial Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=29 October 2018|title=Train 18: Country's first engine-less train rolled out; Train 20 next|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/train-18-countrys-first-engine-less-train-rolled-out-train-20-next/articleshow/66419774.cms|access-date=20 May 2023|issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2025}}, Indian Railways maintains over {{cvt|108,706|km|abbr=on}} of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of over 17,000 locomotives.&lt;ref name="IR"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1|title=About Indian Railways|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,537,2960|title=Trains at a glance|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of October 2025, Indian Railways had 13,035 electric and 4,165 diesel locomotives amongst others.&lt;ref name="E1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="D1"/&gt;


A locomotive may have a fifth letter, generally denoting a technical variant, subclass or subtype: a variation in the basic model or series, or a different motor or manufacturer. Under the new system, the fifth letter further refines horsepower in 100-hp increments: ''A'' for 100&nbsp;hp, ''B'' for 200&nbsp;hp, ''C'' for 300&nbsp;hp and so on. A WDP-3A is a {{convert|3100|hp|kW|abbr=on}} locomotive, and a WDM-3F is {{convert|3600|hp|kW|abbr=on}}.
== Classification ==
Locomotives are classified by [[track gauge]], [[Propulsion|motive power]], function, [[Power (physics)|power rating]] and model in a four- or five-letter code.&lt;ref name="Class"/&gt; The locomotives may be [[Long hood|Longer Hood Front]] (LHF), where the driver cabin is behind the hood of the engine or [[Short hood|Short Hood Front]] (SHF), where the cabin is located towards the front.&lt;ref name="Class"/&gt;


The system does not apply to steam locomotives, which are no longer used on main lines. They retain their original class names, such as M- or [[Indian locomotive class WP|WP-class]].
[[File:Closeup view of WDM3A Indian Locomotive.jpg|thumb|Locomotive classification and number displayed on a [[locomotive]]; WDM3A indicates a [[Broad gauge]] (L1), [[Diesel locomotive|Diesel]] (L2), Mixed use (L3), 3100 [[Horsepower|HP]] (L4/L5) locomotive]]
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 95%"
|+Locomotive classification&lt;ref name="Class"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://digitalscr.in/bzadiv/circulars/misc_circulars/uploads/Classification%20of%20Locomotives.pdf|title=Locomotive classification|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Letter position
!Denotes
!Classification
|-
|1
|[[Track gauge]]
|
*W {{ndash}} [[Broad gauge]] {{Track gauge|1676mm}}
*Y {{ndash}} [[Metre gauge]] {{Track gauge|1000mm}}
*Z {{ndash}} [[Narrow gauge railway|Narrow gauge]] {{Track gauge|762mm}}
*N {{ndash}} [[Narrow gauge railway|Narrower gauge]] {{Track gauge|610mm}}
|-
|2
|[[Propulsion|Motive power]]
|
*D {{ndash}} [[Diesel locomotive|Diesel]]
*C {{ndash}} [[Direct current|DC]] [[Electric locomotive|Electric]]
*A {{ndash}} [[Alternating current|AC]] [[Electric locomotive|Electric]]
*DA {{ndash}} [[Diesel locomotive|Diesel]] + [[Electric locomotive|Electric]] Dual Mode (Only WDAP5)
*CA {{ndash}} [[Direct current|DC]] + [[Alternating current|AC]] Dual [[Electric locomotive|Electric]]
*B {{ndash}} [[Electric battery|Battery]]
|-
|3
|Use/ &lt;br/&gt; Load/ &lt;br/&gt; [[Railway electric traction|Traction]]
|
*G {{ndash}} [[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
*P {{ndash}} [[passenger train|Passenger]]
*M {{ndash}} Mixed ([[Rail freight transport|Goods]] and [[passenger train|Passenger]])
*S {{ndash}} [[shunting (rail)|Shunter]]
*U {{ndash}} [[Multiple unit]]
*R {{ndash}} [[Railcar]]
|-
|4
|Model/ &lt;br/&gt; [[Horsepower]]
|
*Version Number
*Model Number
*Number X 1000 [[Horsepower|HP]]
|-
|5
|Sub-class/ &lt;br/&gt; Sub-type/ &lt;br/&gt; [[Power (physics)|Power rating]]
|Increments of 100 [[Horsepower|HP]] (For [[Diesel locomotive|Diesel]])
*A {{ndash}} 100 [[Horsepower|HP]]
*B {{ndash}} 200 [[Horsepower|HP]]
*C {{ndash}} 300 [[Horsepower|HP]]
and so on
|}


=== {{anchor|The classification syntax}}Syntax ===
== Electric ==
*First letter (gauge):
In 1925, the first electric train ran between Bombay and Kurla, hauled by a imported SLM locomotive on a DC traction.&lt;ref name="EL1"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Analysis/Elect_Tr_history.htm|title=Electrification history|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609072045/http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Analysis/Elect_Tr_history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1927, the first electric locomotive hauled passenger train was pulled by an imported WCP-1.&lt;ref name="EL"/&gt; In 1957, Indian Railways adopted 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction with the first runs beginning in December 1959 with the WAM-1 locomotives.&lt;ref name="EL1"/&gt;
**W – [[Broad gauge]] (wide) – {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}
**Y – [[Metre gauge]] ([[yard]]) – {{Track gauge|1000mm}}
===Broad-gauge===
**Z – {{Track gauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
**N – {{Track gauge|2ft|lk=on}} narrow (toy) gauge
|+Broad-gauge Electric Locomotives&lt;ref name="EL1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="EL"/&gt;&lt;ref name="E1"/&gt;
*Second letter (motive power):
|-
**D – Diesel
![[Railway electric traction|Traction]]
**C – [[Direct current|DC]] electric (DC [[overhead line]])
!Usage
**A – [[Alternating current|AC]] electric (AC overhead line)
!Name
**CA – DC and AC (AC or DC overhead line); CA is considered one letter
!Image
**B – Battery (rare)
!Manufacturer
*Third letter (job type):
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
**G – [[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
!Number built
**P – Passenger
!Production
**M – Mixed (goods and passenger)
![[Power (physics)|Power]] ([[Horsepower|HP]])
**S – [[shunting (rail)|Shunting]] (switching)
!Status
**U – [[Multiple unit]] ([[Electric multiple unit|electric]] or [[Diesel multiple unit|diesel]])
|-
**R – [[Railcar]]
!colspan="10"|WCP series
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Direct Current|DC]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Passenger train|Passenger]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCP-1|WCP-1]]
|[[File:Electric loco 4006.jpg|100px]]
|[[Swiss Locomotive &amp; Machine Works|SLM]]
|[[Bo-Bo|2-Bo-A1]]
|22
|1928-30
|2160
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCP-2|WCP-2]]
|[[File:Bahn-Transport GIPR EA2.jpg|100px]]
|[[Swiss Locomotive &amp; Machine Works|SLM]]
|[[Bo-Bo|2-Bo-A1]]
|1
|1938
|2160
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCP-3|WCP-3]]
|
|[[Hawthorn Leslie &amp; Company|Hawthorn Leslie]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive#2Co-Co2|2-Co-2]]
|1
|1928
|2250
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCP-4|WCP-4]]
|[[File:GIPR EC1 4002.jpg|100px]]
|[[Hawthorn Leslie &amp; Company|Hawthorn Leslie]], [[Brown, Boveri &amp; Cie|BBC]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive#2Co-Co2|2-Co-2]]
|1
|1928
|2390
|Retired


In WDM 3A, W denotes broad gauge; D denotes diesel power; M denotes mixed use (goods and passenger service), and 3A denotes {{cvt|3,100|hp|kW}} (3,000 + 100). In [[WAP 5]], W is broad gauge; A is AC electric; P is passenger service, and 5 indicates that the locomotive is the fifth model used.
|-
!colspan="10"|WCM series
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Direct Current|DC]]
|rowspan="6"|Mixed
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-1|WCM-1]]
|[[File:An-Rail-Engine-display-in-ICF-Rail-Museum-Chennai.JPG|100px]]
|[[English Electric]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|7
|1954-55
|3170
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-2|WCM-2]]
|
|[[English Electric]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|12
|1956-57
|2810
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-3|WCM-3]]
|
|[[Hitachi]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|3
|1958
|2460
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-4|WCM-4]]
|[[File:WCM 4.jpg|100px]]
|[[Hitachi]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|7
|1960
|3290
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-5|WCM-5]]
|[[File:Business_end_of_broad_gauge_dc_electric_locomotive_WCM-5.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|21
|1961-63
|3700
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-6|WCM-6]]
|[[File:WCM-6.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|2
|1995
|5000
|Retired


== {{anchor|Broad gauge (5 ft 6 in) locomotives used in India}}Broad-gauge (5 ft 6 in) locomotives ==
=== Electric ===
{{Main|List of electric locomotives of India}}
==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}AC electric ====
Broad-gauge AC electric classification codes are:
* WAM – Wide AC electric mixed
* WAP – Wide AC electric passenger
* WAG – Wide AC electric goods
* WAU - Wide AC electric multiple units
==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}AC Mixed class (WAM Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Wheel]]
[[Wheel arrangement|Arr]]
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|WCG series
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Direct Current|DC]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCG-1|WCG-1]]
|[[File:Indian locomotive class WCG1.jpg|100px]]
|[[Swiss Locomotive &amp; Machine Works|SLM]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive#C-C|C-C]]
|41
|1925-29
|2400
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCG-2|WCG-2]]
|[[File:WCG2 triplet Indian Railways.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|57
|1970-76
|1640
|Retired
|-
!colspan="10"|WAM series
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Alternating Current|AC]]
|rowspan="4"|Mixed
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-1|WAM-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-1|WAM-1]]
|[[KraussMaffei]], Krupp, SFAC, La Brugeoise & Nivelle (50 cycles European group)
|[[File:WAM1 20202 locomotive.jpg|100px]]
|B-B
|50 cycles group{{efn|Consortium of [[KraussMaffei]], [[Krupp]], SFAC and [[La Brugeoise et Nivelles]]}}
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|100
|100
|1959-1960
|1959-60
|3010 HP
|2870
|Retired
|Retired
|1
|First mainline AC electric locomotive
|[[File:WAM-1.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-2/3|WAM-2]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-2/3|WAM-2]]
|[[Mitsubishi]]
|
|[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi]]
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|36
|36
|1960-64
|1960-64
|2910 HP
|2790
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-2/3|WAM-3]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-2/3|WAM-3]]
|[[Mitsubishi]]
|
|Bo-Bo
|[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi]]
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|2
|2
|1964
|1964
|2400 HP
|2790
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]]
|[[File:WAM-4 AJJ.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|500
|500
|1970-1983
|1970-83
|3850 HP
|3640
|In service, used in shunting process.
|Retired
|6 Earmarked
|-
|
!colspan="10"|WAP series
|[[File:AJJ WAM4.jpg|frameless]]
|}
 
==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}AC Passenger class (WAP Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Alternating Current|AC]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Passenger train|Passenger]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-1|WAP-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-1|WAP-1]]
|[[File:WAP-1 Locomotive at Delhi.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|65
|65
|1980-1996
|1980-96
|3900 HP
|3760
|In service
|In service
|1 Earmarked
|
|[[File:AJJ WAP1.jpg|alt=|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAM-2/3|WAP-2]]
|[[Mitsubishi]]
|Bo-Bo
|2 or 3, all rebuilt from WAM-2
|1960–1964
|2910 HP
|Retired
|None
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-3|WAP-3]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-3|WAP-3]]
|[[File:Rajhans WAP1 ^22006 heading Bihar Sampark Kranti at NDLS - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|9, all rebuilt from WAP-1
|9
|1987-1988
|1987-88
|3900 HP
|3760
|Retired/ In service as WAP-1
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:'RajHans'_TKD_WAP1_22006_Standing_at_Katihar.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]]
|[[File:Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam Intercity Express on Platform 1 at Vizianagaram.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|778
|778
|1993-2015
|1994-2015
|5350 HP
|5000
|In service
|In service
|
|
|
|[[File:BRC WAP4.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]]
|[[ABB]] / [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[File:WAP-5 at Bhopal.jpg|100px]]
|Bo-Bo
|[[ABB]], [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|223
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|1995– present
|249
|6000 HP
|1995-present
|6000
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:BRC WAP5 30177.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-6|WAP-6]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-6|WAP-6]]
|[[File:Kaziranga Express (SBC-Guwahati) at Khalor, West Bengal.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|17
|17
|1995-1998
|1995-98
|5350 HP
|5000
|Retired/ In service as WAP-4
|Some variants of wap 6 has been Retired/Others are converted to wap 4e and Operational
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]/[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]/[[Diesel-Loco Modernisation Works|DLMW]]
|[[File:WAP-7-LOCO.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]], [[Patiala Locomotive Works|PLW]]
|1423
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|2000– present
|1959
|6350 HP
|2000-present
|6350
|In service
|In service
|
|Most commonly used electric locomotive . One of the most powerful Indian locomotive .
|[[File:BIA WAP7.jpg|frameless]]
|}
==== {{anchor|The classification syntax}}AC Goods class (WAG Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arrangement
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!H.Power
!Current Status
!Preserve
!Picture
|-
|-
! colspan="10" |WDAP Series
|-
|[[Electric locomotive|Electric]] + [[Diesel locomotive|Diesel]] (Dual Mode)
|[[Passenger train|Passenger]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDAP-5|WDAP-5]]
|[[File:WDAP-5.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1
|2019
|5500
|In service (trials)
|-
! colspan="11" |WAG series
|-
|rowspan="18"|[[Alternating Current|AC]]
|rowspan="18"|[[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-1|WAG-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-1|WAG-1]]
|Niv./SFAC/
|[[File:WAG1 locomotive.jpg|100px]]
[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[SNCF]], [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|B-B
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|112
|112
|1963-1966
|1963-66
|2930 HP
|2900
|Retired
|Retired
|1 unit
|[[File:WAG1_locomotive.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-2|WAG-2]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-2|WAG-2]]
|[[Hitachi]] /[[Toshiba]] /[[Mitsubishi]]
|[[File:Wag2.png|100px]]
|B-B
|[[Hitachi]], [[Mitsubishi]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|45
|45
|1964-1965
|1964-65
|3450 HP
|3180
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|[[File:Wag2.png|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-3|WAG-3]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-3|WAG-3]]
|[[Henschel & Son|Henschel]]/[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|&lt;!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:COLOUR PHOTOGRAPH OF B-B TYPE WAG3 CLASS ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE.png|100px]] --&gt;
|B-B
|[[Henschel &amp; Son|Henschel]], [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|10
|10
|1965
|1965
|3300 HP
|3150
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-4|WAG-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-4|WAG-4]]
|[[File:WAG4 20937MathuraJunction9-3-92.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|B-B
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|186
|186
|1967-1969
|1966-69
|3590 HP
|3150
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-5|WAG-5]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-5|WAG-5]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]/[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[File:WAG-5HA AJJ.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]], [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1196
|1196
|1978-1998
|1984-98
|4360 HP
|3900
|In service
|In service
|1 unit
|[[File:BL WAG5 TWINS.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-6A|WAG-6A]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-6A|WAG-6A]]
|ASEA
|[[File:WAG-6A loco with a BCNA freight train 01.jpg|100px]]
|Bo-Bo-Bo
|[[ASEA]]
|[[Bo-Bo-Bo]]
|6
|6
|1988-1989
|1987-89
|6110 HP
|6000
|Retired
|Retired
|1 unit
|[[File:WAG-6A_loco_with_a_BCNA_freight_train_01.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-6B/C|WAG-6B]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-6B/C|WAG-6B/C]]
|[[File:VSKP based WAG-6C locos at Koraput.jpg|100px]]
|[[Hitachi]]
|[[Hitachi]]
|Bo-Bo-Bo
|[[Bo-Bo-Bo]]
|6
|12
|1988
|1988
|6110 HP
|6110
|In Service
|Retired
|1 unit
|[[File:VSKP_based_WAG-6C_locos_at_Koraput.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-6B/C|WAG-6C]]
|[[Hitachi]]
|Co-Co
|6
|1988
|6110 HP
|In service
|1 unit
|[[File:VSKP_based_WAG-6C_locos_at_Koraput.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]/[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[File:BZA based WAG-7 loco - 28217 at Dumdum Station.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|1970
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1990-2015
|2007
|5350 HP
|1992-2015
|5000
|In service
|In service
|1 unit earmarked
|[[File:BZA WAG7.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-8|WAG-8]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-8|WAG-8]]
|
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1
|1
|1990
|1990
|5000 HP
|5000
|Retired/ Never went into service
|Retired
|None
|[[File:BHEL WAG8.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9]]
|[[ABB]] / [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]/[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]/[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[File:WAG 9 Kazipet Junction.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co<ref>{{cite web |title=WAG9 Co-Co |url=https://www.cafpower.com/en/services/railway-modernisation-upgrade/gto-igbt-upgrade}}</ref>
|[[ABB]], [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|3050
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1996–present
|84
|6125 HP
|1996-present
|6000
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9H]]
|[[File:A Krishnarajapuram-based WAG-9HC at Bangalore City Railway Station.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]], [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]], [[Patiala Locomotive Works|PLW]]  
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|6073
|2006-present
|6000
|In service
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9I]]
|
|
|[[File:GMO WAG9HC.jpg|frameless]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|43
|2010-present
|6000
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9HH/EF9K]]
|[[File:EF9K Locomotive "Nava Utkarsh" on duty..jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|57
|2020-present
|9000
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9/EF12K]]
|[[File:Bhilai EF12K %28WAG-9 Twins%29 on duty..jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co+Co-Co]]
|110
|2023-present
|12000
|In service
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAGC3/WAG-10|WAG-10]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAGC3/WAG-10|WAG-10]]
|[[File:BNDM WAG10.png|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co-Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co-Co-Co]]
|1
|1
|2018–present
|2018-present
|10000 HP
|10000
|In service
|In service
|
|[[File:BNDM WAGC3-WAG10.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-11|WAG-11]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-11|WAG-11]]
|[[File:WAG-11.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co-Co-Co/Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co-Co-Co]]
|4
|4
|2018–present
|2018-present
|12000 HP
|12000
|Undergoing Trials
|In service
|
|[[File:WAG-11 29001.jpg|frameless|220x220px]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-12|WAG-12]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG-12|WAG-12]]
|[[Alstom]]
|[[File:WAG-12B locomotive.jpg|100px]]
|Bo-Bo-Bo-Bo
|[[Alstom]], [[Electric Locomotive Factory, Madhepura|ELF]]
|145
|[[Bo-Bo#Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′|Bo-Bo-Bo-Bo]]
|2017–present
|590
|12000 HP (Most powerful Indian locomotive)
|2017-present
|12000
|In service
|In service
|
|[[File:SRE WAG12B 60064.jpg|frameless]]
|}
==== AC electric multiple unit (WAU series) ====
*[[Electric multiple unit]]s are designated WAU-1 to WAU-4.
==== {{anchor|DC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units (EMU)}}DC electric ====
These locomotives, no longer in use, were used only in and around [[Mumbai]] with 1.5 kV DC power. All sections of Central Railway, including Thane to Mumbai CST (Main Line), Nerul to Thane (Trans-Harbour Line), Vadala Road to Mahim (Harbour Line, connecting Central and Western Railway) and Panvel to Mumbai CST (Harbour Line) have been converted to 25 kV AC.
Broad-gauge DC electric classification codes are:
* WCM – Wide DC electric mixed
* WCP – Wide DC electric passenger
* WCG – Wide DC electric goods
* WCU - Wide DC electric multiple unit
==== DC Mixed class (WCM Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-1|WCM-1]]
|[[English Electric]] / [[Vulcan Foundry]]
|Co-Co
|7
|1954-1955
|3700 HP
|Retired
|1
|India's first electric Co-Co locomotive
|[[File:An-Rail-Engine-display-in-ICF-Rail-Museum-Chennai.JPG|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-2|WCM-2]]
|[[English Electric]] / [[Vulcan Foundry]]
|Co-Co
|12
|1956-1957
|3120 HP
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:WCM_2.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-3|WCM-3]]
|[[Hitachi]]
|Co-Co
|3
|1958
|3600 HP
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:WCM-3.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-4|WCM-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WAG D-9|WAG D-9]]
|[[Hitachi]]
|[[File:Dahod based WAG D9.jpg|left|frameless|131x131px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Siemens]]
|7
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1960
|4000 HP
|Retired
|None
|
|
|[[File:WCM_4.jpg|frameless]]
|2025-present
|-
|9000
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-5|WCM-5]]
|commissioning
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|21
|1961-1963
|3700 HP
|Retired
|1 unit
|
|[[File:WCM_5.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCM-6|WCM-6]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|2
|1995
|5000 HP
|In service
|
|Converted to 25 kV AC operation
|[[File:WCM-6.jpg|frameless|220x220px]]
|}


==== DC Passenger class (WCP Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|WCP-1
|[[Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works|SLM]] /
[[Metropolitan-Vickers|MetroVick]]
|2-Bo-A1
|22
|1928-30
|2160 HP
|Retired
|1 unit
|First electric locomotive of India
|[[File:Electric loco 4006.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|WCP-2
|[[Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works|SLM]] /
[[Metropolitan-Vickers|MetroVick]]
|2-Bo-A1
|1
|1938
|2160 HP
|Retired
|1 unit
|
|[[File:Bahn-Transport_GIPR_EA2.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|WCP-3
!colspan="10"|WCAM series
|[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company|Hawthorn Leslie]], [[Marconi Company]]
|2-Co-2
|1
|1928
|2250 HP
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:GIPR_EC1_4002.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|WCP-4
|[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company|Hawthorn Leslie]], [[Brown, Boveri & Cie|BBC]]
|2-Co-2
|1
|1928
|2390 HP
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:GIPR_EC1_4002.jpg|frameless]]
|}
 
==== DC Goods class (WCG series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCG-1|WCG-1]]
|[[Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works|SLM]] /
[[Metropolitan-Vickers|MetroVick]]
 
/[[Vulcan Foundry]]
|C+C
|41
|1928-1929
|2600-2890 HP
|Retired
|2 units
|
|[[File:Indian_locomotive_class_WCG1.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCG-2|WCG-2]]
|[[Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works|SLM]] /
[[Metropolitan-Vickers|MetroVick]]
|Co-Co
|57
|1970-1976
|4200 HP
|Retired
|2 units
|
|[[File:WCG2_triplet_Indian_Railways.jpg|frameless]]
|}
 
==== DC electric multiple unit (WCU series) ====
WCU 1 to WCU 15 [[Electric multiple unit|electric multiple units (EMU)]] were used in the Mumbai region.
 
==== {{anchor|Dual (both DC and AC) traction|Mixed type locomotives|Goods locomotives}}Dual (DC and AC) ====
Broad-gauge DC and AC electric classification codes are:
*WCAM - Wide DC and AC electric mixed
*WCAG - Wide DC and AC electric goods
 
==== Dual Current Mixed class (WCAM Series) ====
 
These locomotives are used only in the Mumbai area. They were built to prevent the need to change locos. Mixed locomotives are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Wheel]]
[[Wheel arrangement|Arr]]
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"|Dual ([[Direct Current|DC]]/[[Alternating Current|AC]])
|rowspan="3"|Mixed
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAM-1|WCAM-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAM-1|WCAM-1]]
|[[File:19011 (BCT-ADI) Gujarat Express.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|54
|54
|1975-1979
|1975-79
|
|2930 (DC) &lt;br/&gt;  3640 (AC)
* 2930 HP DC
* 3640 HP AC
|Retired
|Retired
|First mainline with AC/DC electric locomotive and the only Indian electric loco with reversed pantographs
|[[File:19011_(BCT-ADI)_Gujarat_Express.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAM-2|WCAM-2]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAM-2|WCAM-2]]
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[File:BL based WCAM-2P loco - 21867.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|20
|20
|1995-1996
|1995-96
|
|3780 (DC) &lt;br/&gt; 4720 (AC)
* 3780 HP DC
* 4720 HP AC
|In service
|In service
|
|[[File:BL_based_WCAM-2P_loco_-_21867.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM-3]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM-3]]
|[[File:Wcam3 kurla.jpg|100px]]
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|53
|53
|1997-1998
|1997-98
|
|4600 (DC) &lt;br/&gt; 5000 (AC)
* 4600 HP DC
* 5000 HP AC
|In service
|In service
|Specifically designed for use by Central Railways in the Ghat section towards Nashik and Pune.
|[[File:Wcam3_kurla.jpg|frameless]]
|}


==== Dual Current Goods class (WCAG Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Wheel]]
[[Wheel arrangement|Arr]]
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|WCAG series
|-
|Dual ([[Direct Current|DC]]/[[Alternating Current|AC]])
|[[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAG-1|WCAG-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WCAG-1|WCAG-1]]
|[[File:WCAG-1 21970-21979 Container Rake BSL Outer.jpg|100px]]
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|12
|12
|1999-2000
|1999-2000
|
|4600 (DC) &lt;br/&gt; 5000 (AC)
* 4600 HP DC
* 5000 HP AC
|In service
|In service
|The only class of the WCAG series
|[[File:KYN WCAG1 twins.jpg|200px]]
|}
|}


=== {{anchor|Battery traction}}Battery ===
===Metre-gauge===
Broad-gauge battery classification code is:
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
* WBCS - Wide battery DC electric shunter
|+Metre-gauge Electric Locomotives&lt;ref name="Heritage"&gt;{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/4_%20Diesel%20and%20Electric%20Locomotives.pdf|title=Heritage list of locomotives|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* WCAS - Wide DC(Battery) AC Shunter <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.infodata.in.net/2020/07/indian-railways-running-on-battery-wcas.html|title = Battery Powered Loco WCAS}}</ref>
|-
==== Battery shunter class (WBCS series) ====
!|[[Railway electric traction|Traction]]
In 1927, [[English Electric]] and WBC built two shunters for yard use in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] with Bo-Bo bogies. They were of the WBCS class. Rated at {{convert|240|hp|kW|abbr=on}}, they weighed 58 tons. These are now preserved in National Rail Museum in Delhi. They were charged using the 1500 V DC OHE which was available there.<ref name=IRFCA>{{cite web |title=IRFCA|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2e.html}}</ref>
!Usage
 
==== Battery shunter class (WCAS series) ====
The locomotive is classified as WCAS. Where W means Wide Gauge, C means DC(Battery), A means AC power, S means Shunting.
 
=== {{anchor|Dual-mode traction}}Dual-mode ===
Broad-gauge diesel and electric classification code is:
* WDAP - Wide Diesel and AC electric passenger
==== Dual mode passenger (WDAP series) ====
These locomotives are used on routes that can run on both electrified and non-electrified tracks. Their main purpose is to prevent the need of engine change in electrified routes. Passenger locomotives are:
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Name
!Name
!Image
!Manufacturer
!Manufacturer
!Wheel Arrg
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
!Quantity Built
!Number built
!Built year(s)
!Production
!Power
!|[[Power (physics)|Power]] (|[[Horsepower|HP]])
!Current Status
!Status
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDAP-5|WDAP-5]]
|[[Direct Current|DC]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
|Co-Co
|[[Indian locomotive class YCG-1|YCG-1]]
|1
|[[File:YCG-1 21900.jpg|100px]]
|2019–present
|[[English Electric]]
|
|[[Bo-Bo]]
* 4500 HP Diesel
|4
* 5500 HP AC
|1930
|Undergoing Trails
|640
|India's first dual-mode locomotive
|Retired
|[[File:WDAP5 71000.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Alternating Current|AC]]
|Mixed
|[[Indian locomotive class YAM-1|YAM-1]]
|[[File:YAm1-21922.jpg|100px]]
|[[Mitsubishi]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|20
|1964-66
|1740
|Retired
|}
|}


=== {{anchor|Diesel traction|Classification codes|Mixed type locomotives}}Diesel ===
===Electric multiple units===
{{Main|List of diesel locomotives of India}}Broad-gauge diesel classification codes are:
In 1925, the [[Multiple units of India|electric multiple units]] (EMU) introduced in Bombay were 1.5KV DC units imported were from [[Cammell Laird]] and [[Duewag|Uerdingenwagonfabrik]].&lt;ref name="EL1"/&gt; In the 1960s, EMUs were developed by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai. Indian Railways uses multiple DC units in operation in several suburban sections which are classified from WCU-1 through WCU-15. BHEL developed AC-DC dual use EMUs which can run on 25kV AC and 1.5kV DC traction lines.&lt;ref name="EL1"/&gt; In the late 1990s, MEMUs were developed which ran on 25KV AC power. AC Electric multiple units are designated WAU-1 to WAU-4.&lt;ref name="EMUF"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://irfca.org/faq/faq-mu.html|title=Multiple Units|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, ICF rolled out three-phase AC units to replace conventional DC units.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/3-phase-memu-to-replace-conventional-dc-rakes-soon/article29588400.ece|title=3-phase MEMU to replace conventional DC rakes soon|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 October 2019|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


* WDM – Wide diesel mixed
== Diesel ==
* WDP – Wide diesel passenger
In 1954, the first [[diesel locomotive]] was used in India, which was manufactured by North British Locomotive Company.&lt;ref name="Gandhi"/&gt; In 1958, [[Indian locomotive class WDM-1|WDM-1]], the first locomotive used for mainline traffic was imported from [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Complete Encyclopedia of Locomotives|first1=Mirco|last1=De Cet|first2=Alan|last2=Kent|year=2006|page=286|isbn=978-9-0366-1505-1|publisher=Rebo International}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1964, the first broad-gauge [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]] diesel locomotive was rolled out by Banaras Locomotive Works.&lt;ref name="Banaras"/&gt;
* WDG – Wide diesel goods
* WDS – Wide diesel shunter
* WCDS – Wide converted diesel shunter
* DEMU - Diesel electric multiple unit
* DHMU - Diesel Hydraulic multiple unit


==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}Mixed class (WDM Series) ====
===Broad-gauge===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
|+Broad-gauge Diesel Locomotives&lt;ref name="D1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Heritage"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Banaras"/&gt;&lt;ref name="IRFCA"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/loco_classes|title=Loco classes|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Usage
!Name
!Name
!Numbers
!Image
!Manufacturer
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Wheel]]
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
[[Wheel arrangement|Arr]]
!Number built
!Quantity
!Production
Built
![[Power (physics)|Power]] ([[Horsepower|HP]])
!Built year(s)
!Status
!Power
 
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|WDM series
|-
|rowspan="9"|Mixed
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-1|WDM-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-1|WDM-1]]
|17000-17099
|[[File:Indian locomotive class WDM-1.jpg|100px]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|100
|100
|1957-1959
|1957-59
|1950 HP
|1950
|Retired
|Retired
|1
|First mainline diesel locomotive
|[[File:Indian_locomotive_class_WDM-1.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]/ [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|16000-16887,&lt;br&gt;17100-17999,&lt;br&gt;18040-18079,&lt;br&gt;18112-18514,&lt;br&gt;18523-18900,&lt;br&gt;18903-18999
|Co-Co
|[[File:Kundan, the first WDM-2 locomotive assembled at DLW, Varanasi.jpg|100px]]
|1440
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|1962–1998
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|2600 HP
|2700
|In service
|1962-98
|9
|2600
|A few still in service
|Retired
|[[File:Kundan,_the_first_WDM-2_locomotive_assembled_at_DLW,_Varanasi.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-2G|WDM-2G]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-2G|WDM-2G]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|80000,80001
|Co-Co
|
|[[Patiala Locomotive Works |PLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|2
|2
|2013
|2013
|2400 HP
|2400
|In Service
|Retired
|
| One of the rarest locomotives in India with only two units being produced by Diesel-Loco Modernisation Works.
|[[File:WDM-2G 80000.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3|WDM-3]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3|WDM-3]]
|[[Henschel & Son|Henschel]]
|18515-18522
|Bo-Bo
|
|[[Henschel &amp; Son|Henschel]]
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|8
|8
|1970
|1970
|2500 HP
|2500
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:WDM-3.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]]
|13xxx,&lt;br&gt;14001-14057,&lt;br&gt;14058-14143,&lt;br&gt;16000-
|[[File:MLDT based WDM3A 16598R.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1402
|1431
|1994–1998
|1994-98
|3100 HP
|3100
|In service
|1 Earmarked
|
|[[File:RTM WDM3A.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3B]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|8, all rebuilt back to WDM-3D
|2005-2006
|3100 HP
|In service
|In service
|
|All rebuilt back to WDM-3D
|[[File:WDM3B_14155_(LKO)_NR_with_KYQ_-_GIMB_Exp_1.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3C]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|10
|2002
|3300 HP
|In service
|None
|All rebuilt back to WDM-3A
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3D|WDM-3D]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3D|WDM-3D]]
|11101 - 11590
|[[File:WDM-3D 11466.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|500
|500
|2003-2013
|2003-13
|3300 HP
|3300
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:12701 Hussain Sagar Express.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3E]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|8
|2008
|3500 HP
|In service
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3F]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|3
|2008
|3600 HP
|In service
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-4|WDM-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-4|WDM-4]]
|18000-039,&lt;br&gt;18080-18111
|[[File:WDM-4 locomotive.jpg|100px]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|GM]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|GM]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|72
|72
|1962
|1962
|2600 HP
|2600
|Retired
|Retired
|2
|
|[[File:WDM-4_locomotive.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian Locomotive class WDM-6|WDM-6]]
|[[Indian Locomotive class WDM-6|WDM-6]]
|18901,18902
|
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Bo-Bo
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|2
|2
|1981-1982
|1981-82
|1350 HP
|1350
|Retired
|Retired
|2
|Both units earmarked for preservation
|[[File:WDM-6.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-7|WDM-7]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDM-7|WDM-7]]
|11001-11015
|[[File:ഡീസൽ എഞ്ചിൻ, ബ്രോഡ് ഗേജ്.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|15
|15
|1987–1989
|1987-89
|2000 HP
|2000
|In service
|In service
|1 Earmarked
|Currently used for shunting uses only
|[[File:ഡീസൽ എഞ്ചിൻ, ബ്രോഡ് ഗേജ്.jpg|frameless]]
|}


==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}Passenger class (WDP Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|WDP series
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Passenger train|Passenger]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-1|WDP-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-1|WDP-1]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]] & [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]  
|15001-15069
|Bo-Bo
|[[File:WDP1 (15010) locomotive with Rewari Passenger.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]], [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|69
|69
|1995–1999
|1995-99
|2300 HP
|2300
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:WDP1_(15010)_locomotive_with_Rewari_Passenger.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-3A|WDP-3A]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-3A|WDP-3A]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]] & [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]  
|15501-15544
|Co-Co
|[[File:WDP3A c 15543 PUSHPAK.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]], [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|44
|44
|1998–2002
|1998-2002
|3100 HP
|3100
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:WDP3A_c_15543_PUSHPAK.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]]
|20000-20103,&lt;br&gt;40001-40608
& [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[File:WDP4 20094.jpg|100px]]
|Bo1-1Bo
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|100
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|2002–2011
|711
|4000 HP
|2002-18
|In service
|4000
|
|
|[[File:WDP4_20094.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4B]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]]
& [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|86
|2010–2014
|4500 HP
|In service
|
|
|[[File:The_WDP-4B_class_Locomotive_of_Indian_Railways.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4D]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]]
&  [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|525
|2010–2018
|4500 HP
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:WDP4D_40109.jpg|frameless]]
|}


==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}Goods class (WDG Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-2/3A|WDG-3A]]
!colspan="10"|WDG series
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|1998
|1995–2010
|3100 HP
|In service
|
|
|[[File:KYN WDG3A.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-2/3A|WDG-3B]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Rail freight transport|Goods]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-2/3A|WDG-2/3A]]
|14501-14999,&lt;br&gt;13000-13665
|[[File:WDG-3A 13296.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|4
|2004
|2004
|3200 HP
|1995-2010
|3100
|In service
|In service
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-2/3A|WDG-3C]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|1
|2001
|3300 HP
|In service
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-2/3A|WDG-3D]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|1
|2001
|3400 HP
|In service
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]]/[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|12001-12999,&lt;br&gt;70001-70190
|Co-Co
|[[File:GTY based WDG-4 locos with Freight Tanker at Malkajgiri 01.JPG|100px]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1188
|1188
|1999–2012
|1999-2018
|4500 HP
|4500
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:GTY_based_WDG-4_locos_with_Freight_Tanker_at_Malkajgiri_01.JPG|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4G|WDG-4G]]
|[[General Electric|GE]]
|Co-Co
|322
|2017–present
|4500 HP
|In service
|
|
|[[File:ROZA WDG4G.jpg|alt=|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4D]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4D]]
|70301-70882,&lt;br&gt;12681
|[[File:WDG4D 70360.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|583
|583
|2013–2018
|2012-2018
|4500 HP
|4500
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4G|WDG-4G]]
|49001-49700
|[[File:ROZA WDG4G 49032 roaming at Katihar Jn (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[GE Transportation]], [[Diesel Locomotive Factory, Marhowrah|DLF]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|468
|2017-present
|4500
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:WDG4D_70360.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-5|WDG-5]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-5|WDG-5]]
|50001-50007
|[[File:5500HP WDG5 Locomotive christened as Bheem - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|7
|7
|2012-2017
|2012-17
|5500 HP
|5500
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:SBI WDG5.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-6G|WDG-6G]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-6G|WDG-6G]]
|[[General Electric|GE]]
|69001-69300
|Co-Co
|[[File:Gandhidham based WDG-6G at Ghaziabad outer station area.jpg|Gandhidham based WDG-6G at Ghaziabad outer station area|100px]]
|53
|[[GE Transportation]], [[Diesel Locomotive Factory, Marhowrah|DLF]]
|2018–present
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|6000 HP
|92
|2018-present
|6000
|In service
|In service
|
|
|[[File:ROZA WDG6G.jpg|frameless]]
|}


==== {{anchor|AC electric traction|Mixed type locomotives|Passenger locomotives|Goods locomotives|Electric multiple units}}Shunter Class (WDS Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|WDS series
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Shunting (rail)|Shunter]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-1|WDS-1]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-1|WDS-1]]
|19000-19014
|[[File:GE 45-Ton Switcher at MSU's T. B. Simon Power Plant.jpg|100px]]
|[[General Electric|GE]]
|[[General Electric|GE]]
|Bo-Bo
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|15
|15
|1944-1945
|1944-45
|386 HP
|386
|Retired
|Retired
|1
|India's first diesel locomotive
|[[File:GE_45-Ton_Switcher_at_MSU's_T._B._Simon_Power_Plant.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-2|WDS-2]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-2|WDS-2]]
|Kraus
|19016-19045
Maffei
|[[File:Bonn Beuel Krauss-Maffei ML 400 C uit 1951 (20194143436).jpg|100px]]
|C
|[[Krauss-Maffei]]
|[[UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements|C]]
|30
|30
|1954-1955
|1954-55
|440 HP
|440
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:Bonn_Beuel_Krauss-Maffei_ML_400_C_uit_1951_(20194143436).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-3|WDS-3]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-3|WDS-3]]
|Maschi-
|19046-19052
nenbau Kiel
|
|C
|[[Maschinenbau Kiel]]
|[[UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements|C]]
|7
|7
|1961
|1961
|618 HP
|618
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:WDS-3.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-4|WDS-4]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-4|WDS-4]]
|
19057-19732
|[[File:Heritage Engine at Valsad 2 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|C
|[[UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements|C]]
|27
|662
|1968-1969
|1968-97
|600 HP
|600-700
| Few are still in service
|Retired
|4
|-
|A few still in service
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-5|WDS-5]]
|[[File:WDS 4.jpg|frameless]]
|19087-19107
|[[File:Mahabodhi Express (Mughal Sarai Station).jpg|100px]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|21
|1967
|1065
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-6|WDS-6]]
|
|[[File:Tughlakabad-based WDS-6 locomotive at Anand Vihar Terminal.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|270
|1975–present
|1400
|In service
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-4|WDS-4A]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-8|WDS-8]]
|
|
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|C
|[[Bo-Bo]]
|5
|5
|1968
|1979-82
|660 HP
|800
|Retired
|Retired
|
|}
|
 
|[[File:WDS4D_19651_SSB_NR,_New_Delhi.jpg|frameless]]
In 2009, a [[Indian locomotive class YDM-4|YDM-4 locomotive]] was converted to a broad gauge shunter by [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]], codenamed WCDS-6, with C for "Converted" and delivered to [[RITES]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://irfca.org/faq/faq-loco.html|title=Locomotive FAQ|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
===Metre-gauge===
{{anchor|YDM}}
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
|+Metre-gauge Diesel Locomotives&lt;ref name="D1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Heritage"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Banaras"/&gt;&lt;ref name="IRFCA"/&gt;
|-
!Usage
!Name
!Image
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
!Number built
!Production
![[Power (physics)|Power]] ([[Horsepower|HP]])
!Status
|-
!colspan="9"|YDM series
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-4|WDS-4B]]
|rowspan="5"|Mixed
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-1|YDM-1]]
|C
|[[File:Indian diesel locomotive, class YDM1R, Nº 6002.jpg|100px]]
|450
|[[North British Locomotive Company|NBL]]
|1969
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|700 HP
|20
|1955-56
|700
|Retired
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-2|YDM-2]]
|
|
|
|[[File:Indian Railways 19397.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-4|WDS-4C]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|C
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|7
|41
|1976-78
|1986-90
|700 HP
|700
|Retired
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-3|YDM-3]]
|
|
|
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]]
|[[File:WDS-3.jpg|frameless]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|30
|1961-62
|1390
|Retired
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-4|YDM-4]]
|[[File:YDM4-6669 Jaipur Junction, 2008 (3).JPG|100px]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]], [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]  
|541
|1961–93
|1400
|In service
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-4|WDS-4D]]
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-5|YDM-5]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[File:YDM - 5.jpg|100px]]
|C
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|GM]]
|120
|[[Co-Co locomotive#C-C|C-C]]
|1984-97
|25
|700 HP
|1964
|1390
|Retired
|Retired
|}
==={{track gauge|2ft6in}} gauge===
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
|+{{track gauge|2ft6in}} gauge Diesel Locomotives&lt;ref name="D1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Heritage"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Banaras"/&gt;&lt;ref name="IRFCA"/&gt;
|-
!Usage
!Name
!Image
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
!Number built
!Production
![[Power (physics)|Power]] ([[Horsepower|HP]])
!Status
|-
!colspan="9"|ZDM series
|-
|rowspan="5"|Mixed
|[[Indian locomotive class ZDM-1|ZDM-1]]
|
|
|
|[[Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik|Arnold Jung]]
|[[File:Heritage Engine at Valsad 2.jpg|frameless]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|5
|1955
|290
|Retired
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-5|WDS-5]]
|[[Indian locomotive class ZDM-2|ZDM-2]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]/[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[File:ZDM 2 Diesel locomotive at Solan.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Maschinenbau Kiel]]
|21
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|1967
|25
|1065 HP
|1964-65
|700
|Retired
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:Mahabodhi_Express_(Mughal_Sarai_Station).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-6|WDS-6]]
|[[Indian locomotive class ZDM-3|ZDM-3]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[File:Zdm engine baijnath.jpg|100px]]
|Co-Co
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|270
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|1975–
|40
|1400
|1970-82
|700
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class ZDM-4|ZDM-4]]
|[[File:Narrow Gauge Train at Rajim.JPG|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|1-B-B-1]]
|49
|1975-90
|700
|In service
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class ZDM-5|ZDM-5]]
|[[File:Bari Train.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|41
|1989
|450
|In service
|In service
|2 Earmarked
|}
|
 
|[[File:WDS-6R_36217.jpg|frameless]]
==={{track gauge|2ft}} gauge===
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
|+{{track gauge|2ft}} gauge Diesel Locomotives&lt;ref name="D1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Heritage"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Banaras"/&gt;&lt;ref name="IRFCA"/&gt;
|-
!Usage
!Name
!Image
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
!Number built
!Production
![[Power (physics)|Power]] ([[Horsepower|HP]])
!Status
|-
!colspan="9"|NDM series
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-6|WDS-6AD]]
|rowspan="3"|Mixed
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Indian locomotive class NDM-1|NDM-1]]
|Co-Co
|[[File:NeralDeparture.JPG|100px]]
|270
|[[Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik|Arnold Jung]]
|1975–
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|1400
|7
|1955
|290
|In service
|In service
|2 Earmarked
|
|[[File:SSB WDS6.jpg|alt=|frameless]]
|-
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class WDS-8|WDS-8]]
|[[Indian locomotive class NDM-5|NDM-5]]
|[[File:Gwalior Light Railway, June 2017.jpg|100px]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|Bo-Bo
|[[Bo-Bo#B′B′|B-B]]
|5
|11
|1979-1982
|1987-89
|800 HP
|450
|Retired
|In service
|None
|-
|
|[[Indian locomotive class NDM-6|NDM-6]]
|[[File:WDS-8.jpg|frameless]]
|[[File:Darjeeling train station.jpg|100px]]
|SAN
|[[UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements|B]]
|6
|1997
|335
|In service
|}
|}
{{multiple image
| alt1 = Tan-and-green train
| image1 = (Manoharabad-SC) DHMU at Malkajgiri 01.jpg
| total_width = 360
| image2 = DEMU Local at Sitaphalmandi railway station.jpg
| footer = Indian Railways DHMU ''(left)'' and DEMU
| alt2 = Newer red train
}}


==== Converted shunter class (WCDS series) ====
===Diesel railcars and multiple units===
The WCDS6, a YDM4 locomotive, was converted to broad gauge by the [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]] for large industrial companies; the first one was delivered to [[RITES]]. New water and air lines were added, the [[control stand]] was modified, and it has a dual brake system.
In 1958, the [[Commonwealth Engineering]] of Australia supplied an unknown number of {{convert|400|hp|kW|abbr=on}}, 83-seat broad-gauge [[diesel-mechanical]] railcars to Indian Railways, classified as WRD-1. Powered by a pair of 200 hp [[Leyland Motors|Leyland]] engines, it had an axle arrangement of 1A-1A1, and a top speed of {{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Sampson|1960|page=321}}{{sfn|Allen|1982|page=426}}
 
In 1993-94, [[diesel multiple unit]]s (DMU) were introduced into service. Depending on their transmission system, they are classified as DEMU ([[diesel-electric transmission]]) or DHMU ([[diesel-hydraulic]] transmission).&lt;ref name="EMUF"/&gt; With increase in electrifiction, DEMUS have been replaced by MEMUs in stages.&lt;ref name="EMUF"/&gt;


==== Diesel multiple units ====
== Dual ==
[[File:ICF DEMU.jpg|thumb|Diesel Electric Multiple Unit(DEMU)]]
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="text-align:left;"style="font-size: 85%"
A few routes have [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]] service. Depending on their transmission system, they are classified as DEMU ([[diesel-electric transmission]]) or DHMU ([[diesel-hydraulic]] transmission). There is diesel [[railcar]] service (known as railbus) in several areas.
|+Broad-gauge Dual Locomotives&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,1093,6509&amp;cssType=1|title=Achievements of 2021|publisher=RDSO|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 January 2016 |title=Railways to manufacture dual-mode locomotives that run on diesel, electricity|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Railways-to-manufacture-dual-mode-locomotives-that-run-on-diesel-electricity/articleshow/50612226.cms|access-date=20 May 2020|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Usage
!Name
!Image
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Axles]]
!Number built
!Production
![[Power (physics)|Power]] ([[Horsepower|HP]])
!Status
|-
|[[Passenger train|Passenger]]
|[[Indian locomotive class WDAP-5|WDAP-5]]
|[[File:WDAP-5.jpg|100px]]
|[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|[[Co-Co locomotive|Co-Co]]
|1
|2019-
|4500 (Diesel) &lt;br/&gt; 5500 (AC)
|In trials
|}


=== {{anchor|Steam traction|Company designs|Bengal Nagpur Railway}}Steam ===
== Steam ==
===Broad-gauge===
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=360|image1=HPS 24467.jpg|alt1=Steam engine at outdoor museum|image2=NRM WP 7200.JPG|alt2=More-modern steam locomotive|alt3=Old red-and-black steam locomotive|
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=360|image1=HPS 24467.jpg|alt1=Steam engine at outdoor museum|image2=NRM WP 7200.JPG|alt2=More-modern steam locomotive|alt3=Old red-and-black steam locomotive|
image3=YPclass.jpg|image4=Indian locomotive B-26.jpg|alt4=Large steam locomotive|footer=Indian Railways locomotives: ''(clockwise from upper left)'' Preserved HPS, NRM WP 7200, B-26 and preserved YP-class}}
image3=YPclass.jpg|image4=Indian locomotive B-26.jpg|alt4=Large steam locomotive|footer=Indian Railways locomotives: ''(clockwise from upper left)'' HPS, NRM WP 7200, B-26 and YP-class locomotives}}
Nineteenth-century railway companies ordered custom-built locomotives, usually from British manufacturers. The multiplicity of similar-but-not-identical designs increased manufacturing cost and slowed production. During the 1890s, British manufacturers were busy and Indian railway companies looked to Germany and the United States for locomotives.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hughes|1979|p=17}}</ref> Engines used were:
In the 19th century, the railway companies ordered custom-built steam locomotives, usually from [[Great Britain|British]] manufacturers. With non-standardized and multiple designs, manufacturing cost was high and production was slow. During the 1890s, Indian railway companies imported locomotives from [[Germany]] and the [[United States]] when British manufacturers were suffering from work outages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Hughes|1979|p=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; The locomotives used included:
*[[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]:
*[[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]:
**Class F: [[0-6-0]]
**Class F: {{whyte|0-6-0}}
**Class GM: [[2-6-0]] (probably modified)
**Class GM: {{whyte|2-6-0}} (probably modified)
**[[BNR class HSG]]: [[2-8-0+0-8-2]] [[Garratt]], India's first successful Garratts
**[[BNR class HSG]]: {{whyte|2-8-0+0-8-2}} [[Garratt locomotive]], first Garratt locomotive
**Class M: [[4-6-2]] (probably modified)
**Class M: [[4-6-2]] (probably modified)
**[[BNR class N]]: [[4-8-0+0-8-4]] Garratt, India's largest locomotive. One is preserved at the [[National Rail Museum, New Delhi]]
**[[BNR class N]]: {{whyte|4-8-0+0-8-4}} Garratt, India's largest locomotive; One is preserved at the [[National Rail Museum, New Delhi]]
**[[BNR class NM]]: Similar to N class; ten were built in 1931 by [[Beyer, Peacock & Company]], and it was withdrawn in the late 1960s.
**[[BNR class NM]]: Ten were built in 1931 by [[Beyer, Peacock &amp; Company]]; withdrawn in the late 1960s
**[[BNR class P]]: [[4-8-2+2-8-4]] Garratt; four were built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1939. During the early 1970s, they were at the [[Bhilai]] (BIA) shed before being withdrawn.
**[[BNR class P]]: {{whyte|4-8-2+2-8-4}} Garratt, four were built by Beyer, Peacock &amp; Company in 1939; withdrawn in the early 1970s
*[[Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway]]:
*[[Bombay, Baroda &amp; Central India Railway]]:
**BB&CI class P: 4-6-2
**BB&amp;CI class P: {{whyte|4-6-2}}
**Class A: [[2-4-0]]T, probably an [[Atlantic (locomotive)|Atlantic]]; was at the [[Palej]] shed.
**Class A: {{whyte|2-4-0|T}}, an [[Atlantic (locomotive)|Atlantic]]; was at the [[Palej]] shed
**Class U36: [[0-4-2]], used on hauling suburban trains in [[Mumbai|Bombay]]
**Class U36: {{whyte|0-4-2}}, used on hauling suburban trains in Bombay  
**Class D1: [[4-4-0]]; one was named ''Princess May''.
**Class D1: {{whyte|4-4-0}}, one was named ''Princess May''
**Class M: 4-6-2 (probably modified)
**Class M: {{whyte|4-6-2}}
*[[East Indian Railway|East Indian Railway Company]]:
*[[East Indian Railway|East Indian Railway Company]]:
**Class CT: [[0-6-4]]T, probably converted to a [[Superheater#Locomotives|superheater]].
**Class CT: {{whyte|0-6-4|T}}, converted to a [[Superheater#Locomotives|superheater]]
**EIR class G: 2-2-2T. First two named ''Express'' and ''[[Fairy Queen (locomotive)|Fairy Queen]]''. Built in 1855, the latter is the world's oldest locomotive to be in working order. Later rebuilt by [[Perambur]] Loco Works. Housed at [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway (EIR)]]
**EIR class G: {{whyte|2-2-2|T}}, first two named ''Express'' and ''[[Fairy Queen (locomotive)|Fairy Queen]]''; Built in 1855, the latter is the world's oldest locomotive to be in working order and was rebuilt by ICF; Housed at [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway (EIR)]]
**EIR class P: 4-6-0
**EIR class P: {{whyte|4-6-0}}
*[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]:
*[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]:
**GIPR classes Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4: [[0-8-4T]]. Used on [[Thal Ghat]] as [[Bank engine|bankers]] for pushing trains up the [[Western Ghats]].
**[[GIP-1 to 8|''Sultan'', ''Sahib'' and ''Sindh'']]: Hauled the first passenger train in 1853
**[[Lord Falkland (locomotive)|''Lord Falkland'']]: [[0-6-0]]
**GIPR classes Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4: {{whyte|0-8-4|T}}, Used on [[Thal Ghat]] as [[Bank engine|bankers]] for pushing trains up the [[Western Ghats]].
**GIPR Class F and F3: 2-6-0
**GIPR Class F and F3: 2-6-0
**GIPR class J1: 0-6-0
**GIPR class J1: 0-6-0
**Class D4: 4-6-0; one is named ''Hero''.
**Class D4: 4-6-0, one is named ''Hero''
**Class D5: 4-6-0 passenger locomotive
**Class D5: 4-6-0 passenger locomotive
**Class E1: 4-4-2 Atlantic built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1907–8. Rebuilt with a superheater between 1925 and 1928.
**Class E1: 4-4-2 Atlantic built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1907–8; Rebuilt with a superheater between 1925 and 1928.
**Class T: Tank locomotive used for hauling Mumbai suburban trains
**Class T: Tank locomotive used for hauling Mumbai suburban trains
**Class Y: 2-8-4T
**Class Y: 2-8-4T
**Crane tank: 0-6-0T; one is preserved at the National Rail Museum in New Delhi.
**Crane tank: 0-6-0T, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum in New Delhi
*[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]:
*[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]:
**M&SM class V: 4-4-0; one is preserved.
**M&amp;SM class V: 4-4-0, one is preserved.
**Class BTC: 2-6-4T, based on [[BSI Group|BESA]] specifications
**Class BTC: 2-6-4T, based on [[BSI Group|BESA]] specifications
**Class T: 0-4-2; one is preserved in [[Chennai|Madras]].
**Class T: 0-4-2; one is preserved in Chennai
*[[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]:
*[[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]:
**NSR class A: 2-6-0T (No. 48, probably an Atlantic) preserved at the National Rail Museum, Delhi.
**NSR class A: 2-6-0T, No. 48, an Atlantic preserved at the National Rail Museum, Delhi
*[[North Western State Railway]]:
*[[North Western State Railway]]:
**Class EM: 4-4-2 (probably modified); one is preserved at the National Rail Museum <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan Railways steam locomotive {{!}} Science Museum Group Collection|url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8405676/pakistan-railways-steam-locomotive-steam-locomotive|access-date=2021-05-26|website=collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk|language=en}}</ref>
**Class EM: 4-4-2, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
**NWR class GAS: 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt; one built in 1925, and retired in 1937.
**NWR class GAS: 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt, one built in 1925 and retired in 1937
**NWR class P: 2-4-0
**NWR class P: 2-4-0
**Class E1: 4-4-2
**Class E1: 4-4-2
**Class N1: 4-8-0
**Class N1: 4-8-0
*[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]:
*[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]:
**Class B26: 0-6-0; one is preserved at the National Rail Museum.
**Class B26: 0-6-0, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
*Others:
*Others:
**Class B: 2-6-0
**Class B: 2-6-0
**Class E: 2-4-0
**Class E: 2-4-0
**Class F: 2-8-2, built between 1926 and 1950 by [[Nasmyth Wilson]] for service on [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway (CR)]].
**Class F: 2-8-2, built between 1926 and 1950 by [[Nasmyth Wilson]] for service on [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway (CR)]]
**Class G: 2-6-0, probably intended for freight
**Class G: 2-6-0, probably intended for freight
**Class NA2
**Class NA2
**Class PTC: 2-6-4T, owned by Northern Railway (NR); probably a converted passenger locomotive
**Class PTC: 2-6-4T, owned by Northern Railway (NR); probably a converted passenger locomotive
**Class Y2: 2-8-2T, reclassified L2
**Class Y2: 2-8-2T, reclassified L2
**Phoenix: 0-4-0T; one is at the National Rail Museum.
**Phoenix: 0-4-0T, one is at the National Rail Museum
**Ramgotty: 2-2-0T; the National Rail Museum's oldest locomotive, it was converted to broad gauge.
**Ramgotty: 2-2-0T, the National Rail Museum's oldest locomotive, it was converted to broad gauge
**''Sultan'', ''Sahib'' and ''Sindh'': Hauled the train from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station|VT]] to [[Thane|Thana]] in 1853.


==== {{anchor|British Engineering Standards Association (BESA) designs|Indian Railways Standards (IRS) designs|World War II designs|Indian Government Railways (IGR) standard designs}}Designs ====
[[File:Pakistan Railways 3157, MOSI.jpg|thumb|alt=Steam locomotive in a museum|[[Vulcan Foundry]] class SPS, 1911]]
[[File:Pakistan Railways 3157, MOSI.jpg|thumb|alt=Steam locomotive in a museum|[[Vulcan Foundry]] class SPS, 1911]]
After acrimonious words in ''[[The Times]]'' and Parliament, the British Engineering Standards Committee (later the [[BSI Group#History|British Engineering Standards Association]]) began designing a series of locomotives for use by Indian railways. The first two designs emerged in 1903: a [[4-4-0]] passenger and [[0-6-0]] goods. They were revised in 1905 and 1906 with additional heavier, more-powerful locomotives:
In the early 1900s, the British Engineering Standards Committee (later the [[BSI Group#History|British Engineering Standards Association]]) began designing a series of locomotives for use by Indian railways. The first two designs emerged in 1903: a [[4-4-0]] passenger and [[0-6-0]] goods. They were revised in 1905 and 1906 with additional heavier, more-powerful locomotives:{{sfn|Hughes|1979|page=18}}
* Class SP: Standard passenger ([[4-4-0]])
* [[Indian locomotive class SP|Class SP]]: Standard passenger ([[4-4-0]])
* [[Indian locomotive class SG|Class SG]]: Standard goods ([[0-6-0]])
* [[Indian locomotive class SG|Class SG]]: Standard goods ([[0-6-0]])
* Class PT: Passenger tank ([[2-6-4T]])
* [[Indian locomotive class PT|Class PT]]: Passenger tank ([[2-6-4T]])
* Class HP: Heavy passenger ([[4-6-0]])
* [[Indian locomotive class HP|Class HP]]: Heavy passenger ([[4-6-0]])
* Class AP: Atlantic passenger ([[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]])
* [[Indian locomotive class AP|Class AP]]: Atlantic passenger ([[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]])
* Class HG: Heavy goods ([[2-8-0]])
* [[Indian locomotive class HG|Class HG]]: Heavy goods ([[2-8-0]])
* Class HT: Heavy tank ([[2-8-2T]])
* [[Indian locomotive class HT|Class HT]]: Heavy tank ([[2-8-2T]])


These advisory BESA designs were customized by the railway companies, which used different classification systems; only the state-operated railways used the class designations SP, SG, PT, HP, AP, HG and HT. When [[superheater#Locomotives|superheating]] was accepted, superheated versions were classified SPS, SGS and so on (if built with superheaters) and SPC, SGC and so on (if converted from [[Superheated steam#Saturated steam|saturated]] to superheated).
These advisory BESA designs were customized by the railway companies, which used different classification systems; only the state-operated railways used the class designations SP, SG, PT, HP, AP, HG and HT. When [[superheater#Locomotives|superheating]] was accepted, superheated versions were classified SPS, SGS and so on (if built with superheaters) and SPC, SGC and so on (if converted from [[Superheated steam#Saturated steam|saturated]] to superheated).{{sfn|Hughes|1979|page=18}}


{{multiple image|alt1=Manufacturer's photo|image1=XP works photo, 1935.jpg|width1=150|image2=Indian State XB class 1927 photo.jpg|width2=150|alt2=Similar to first photo, without manufacturer documentation|footer=Indian Railways locomotives: 1935 XP class ''(left)'' and 1927 XB class}}
{{multiple image|alt1=Manufacturer's photo|image1=XP works photo, 1935.jpg|width1=150|image2=Indian State XB class 1927 photo.jpg|width2=150|alt2=Similar to first photo, without manufacturer documentation|footer=Indian Railways locomotives: 1935 XP class ''(left)'' and 1927 XB class}}
After World War I, larger and more-powerful locomotives were designed by British consulting engineers for the Indian government. They began to appear in 1927:
After World War I, larger and more-powerful locomotives were designed by British consulting engineers for the Indian government. They began to operate from 1927:{{sfn|Hughes|1979|page=21}}
* [[Indian locomotive class XA|Class XA]]: branch passenger [[4-6-2]] design, 12.5-ton [[axle load]]
* [[Indian locomotive class XA|Class XA]]: branch passenger [[4-6-2]] design, 12.5-ton [[axle load]]
* [[Indian locomotive class XB|Class XB]]: light passenger 4-6-2 design, 17-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class XB|Class XB]]: light passenger 4-6-2 design, 17-ton axle load
Line 1,292: Line 1,142:
* [[Indian locomotive class XD|Class XD]]: Light goods [[2-8-2]] design, 17-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class XD|Class XD]]: Light goods [[2-8-2]] design, 17-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class XE|Class XE]]: heavy goods 2-8-2 design, 22.5-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class XE|Class XE]]: heavy goods 2-8-2 design, 22.5-ton axle load
[[File:ETH-BIB-IRS Lokomotive XF Ans 05373-1762-FL .jpg|thumb|Class XF, built by [[Beyer, Peacock & Company]] in [[Manchester]] for [[East Bengal Railway]]]]
[[File:ETH-BIB-IRS Lokomotive XF Ans 05373-1762-FL .jpg|thumb|Class XF, built by [[Beyer, Peacock &amp; Company]] in [[Manchester]] for [[East Bengal Railway]]]]
* Class XF: light shunting [[0-8-0]] design, 18-ton axle load
* Class XF: light shunting [[0-8-0]] design, 18-ton axle load
* Class XG: heavy shunting 0-8-0 design, 23-ton axle load
* Class XG: heavy shunting 0-8-0 design, 23-ton axle load
Line 1,300: Line 1,150:
* Class XT: light tank [[0-4-2T]], 15-ton axle load
* Class XT: light tank [[0-4-2T]], 15-ton axle load


During [[India in World War II|World War II]], large numbers of 2-8-2 locomotives were acquired from the United States and Canada and classified AWD and CWD. The Baldwin Locomotive Works adapted the [[USATC S160 Class]] locomotive design for India, and it became [[USATC S160 Class|class AWC]]. Sixty broad-gauge locomotives were built in 1944 as part of an order of 180 S160 engines. In addition to modified frame spreaders, axles, cylinders, and cab, the Indian locomotives had a [[turbo generator]] and electric lighting (not included in the standard European design). Many parts (including boilers) were identical to those in standard-gauge locomotives.<ref>Baldwin Locomotive Works drawing index and bill of materials for special order 43306, locomotive design 2-8-0 19S, numbers 666 to 845 for the U.S. Government, War Department.</ref>
During [[India in World War II|World War II]], large numbers of 2-8-2 locomotives were acquired from the United States and Canada and classified AWD and CWD. The Baldwin Locomotive Works adapted the [[USATC S160 Class]] locomotive design for India, and it became [[USATC S160 Class|class AWC]].{{sfn|Hughes|1979|page=23}} Sixty broad-gauge locomotives were built in 1944 as part of an order of 180 S160 engines. In addition to modified frame spreaders, axles, cylinders, and cab, the Indian locomotives had a [[turbo generator]] and electric lighting (not included in the standard European design). Many parts (including boilers) were identical to those in standard-gauge locomotives.&lt;ref&gt;Baldwin Locomotive Works drawing index and bill of materials for special order 43306, locomotive design 2-8-0 19S, numbers 666 to 845 for the U.S. Government, War Department.&lt;/ref&gt;


{{multiple image|alt1=Steam engine in transit|perrow=2|total_width=360|image1=WL 15084 Amritsar, 1993 (1).JPG|image2=Old-Steam-Coal-Rail-Engine.JPG|alt2=Steam engine at an outdoor museum|footer=''(clockwise from upper left)'' WL- and YG-class locomotives; an M2-162, and a display engine in [[Guntur railway division|Guntur Division]]|image4=Guntur west terminal and a model train.jpg|alt4=Locomotive on above-ground display|image3=Indian steam locomotive M2-162.jpg|alt3=Black locomotive under cover}}
{{multiple image|alt1=Steam engine in transit|perrow=2|total_width=360|image1=WL 15084 Amritsar, 1993 (1).JPG|image2=Old-Steam-Coal-Rail-Engine.JPG|alt2=Steam engine at an outdoor museum|footer=''(clockwise from upper left)'' WL- and YG-class locomotives; an M2-162, and a display engine in [[Guntur railway division|Guntur Division]]|image4=Guntur west terminal and a model train.jpg|alt4=Locomotive on above-ground display|image3=Indian steam locomotive M2-162.jpg|alt3=Black locomotive under cover}}
Although new classes were designed shortly before the war, many did not enter service until the post-war period. The new classes were indicated by the change of broad-gauge prefix from ''X'' to ''W'', and plans were implemented to begin manufacturing locomotives in India. The new classes were:
Although new classes were designed shortly before the war, many did not enter service until the post-war period. The new classes were indicated by the change of broad-gauge prefix from ''X'' to ''W'', and plans were implemented to begin manufacturing locomotives in India. The new classes were:{{sfn|Hughes|1979|page=21-23}}
* [[Indian locomotive class WP|Class WP]]: passenger 4-6-2, 18.50-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class WP|Class WP]]: passenger 4-6-2, 18.50-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class WG|Class WG]]: goods 2-8-2, 18.50-ton axle load
* [[Indian locomotive class WG|Class WG]]: goods 2-8-2, 18.50-ton axle load
Line 1,316: Line 1,166:
All broad-gauge steam locomotives in India have been withdrawn from normal service, with only occasional steam specials continuing to operate.
All broad-gauge steam locomotives in India have been withdrawn from normal service, with only occasional steam specials continuing to operate.


== {{anchor|Metre gauge (3 ft 3⅜ in) locomotives used in India}}Metre-gauge (3 ft 3⅜ in) locomotives ==
===Metre-gauge===
=== {{anchor|Electric traction|Electric locomotives|Electric multiple units}}Electric ===
Metre-gauge electric classification codes are:
 
* YAM – Metre gauge AC electric mixed
* YCG – Metre gauge DC electric goods
* YAU – Metre gauge AC electric multiple units
 
==== AC mixed class (YAM Series) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Wheel]]
[[Wheel arrangement|Arr]]
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class YAM-1|YAM-1]] || [[Mitsubishi]] || B-B || 20 || 1964-66 || 1740 || Retired || 2 units
| Twenty 1,740 hp (1,300 kW) locomotives, imported from Japan, were in service until 2004 in the Chennai area. || [[File:YAm1-21922.jpg|frameless]]
|}
 
==== DC goods class (YCG series) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
![[Wheel arrangement|Wheel]]
[[Wheel arrangement|Arr]]
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class YCG-1|YCG-1]] || HL / EE || Bo+Bo || 4 || 1930 || 640 || Retired || 2 units
| Among India's earliest electric locomotives, the class was imported to serve the Chennai area in the early 1930s || [[File:YCG-1 21900.jpg|frameless]]
|}
 
==== AC multiple units (YAU series) ====
These were India's first EMU services introduced around 1920 in the Chennai area.<ref>{{Citation|title=Historic Chennai 9 car Meter Gauge EMU with 3 power cars|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFlwRkQFc8Q |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/fFlwRkQFc8Q |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-06-01}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
 
=== {{anchor|Diesel traction}}Diesel ===
Metre-gauge diesel classification code is:
* YDM – Metre gauge diesel mixed
 
==== Mixed class (YDM Series) ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-1|YDM-1]]
|[[North British Locomotive Company|NBL]]
|B-B
|20
|1955-56
|700
|Retired
|India's first metre-gauge diesel locomotive
|
|[[File:Indian_diesel_locomotive,_class_YDM1R,_Nº_6002.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-2|YDM-2]]
|[[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]]
|B-B
|41
|1986-90
|700
|Retired
|None
|
|[[File:YDM-2.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-3|YDM-3]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|GM]]
|B-B
|30
|1961-62
|1390
|Retired
|1 unit
|
|[[File:YDM-3.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-4|YDM-4]]
|[[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]/[[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
|Co-Co
|541
|1961–1993
|1400
|In service
|Many
|
|[[File:YDM4-6669_Jaipur_Junction,_2008_(3).JPG|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class YDM-5|YDM-5]]
|[[Electro-Motive Diesel|GM]]
|C-C
|25
|1964
|1390
|Retired
|2 units
|
|[[File:YDM_-_5.jpg|frameless]]
|}
 
=== {{anchor|Steam traction|Company types|BESA designs|Wartime designs|Indian Railway Standards designs}}Steam ===
*[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class]]
*[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class]]
*BESA designs:
*BESA designs:
** Passenger (4-6-0)
** [[Indian locomotive class P|Passenger]] (4-6-0)
** Mixed (4-6-0)
** [[Indian locomotive class M|Mixed]] (4-6-0)
** Goods (4-8-0)
** [[Indian locomotive class G|Goods]] (4-8-0)
** Tank (2-6-2T)
** [[Indian locomotive class T|Tank]] (2-6-2T)
*Indian Railway Standards designs of the late 1920s
*Indian Railway Standards designs of the late 1920s
**Class YA: 4-6-2 with 9-ton axle load (none built)
**Class YA: 4-6-2 with 9-ton axle load (none built)
** Class YB: 4-6-2 with 10-ton axle load (161 built for India and 50 for Burma)
** Class YB: 4-6-2 with 10-ton axle load (161 built for India and 50 for Burma)
** Class YC: 4-6-2 with 12-ton axle load (15 built for India and 13 for Burma)
** [[Indian locomotive class YC|Class YC]]: 4-6-2 with 12-ton axle load (15 built for India and 13 for Burma)
** Class YD: 2-8-2 with 10-ton axle load (171 built for India, 61 for Burma, and 25 for East Pakistan)
** [[Indian locomotive class YD|Class YD]]: 2-8-2 with 10-ton axle load (171 built for India, 61 for Burma, and 25 for East Pakistan)
** Class YE: 2-8-2 with 12-ton axle load (none built)
** Class YE: 2-8-2 with 12-ton axle load (none built)
** Class YF: 0-6-2 with 8-ton axle load; later examples were 2-6-2 (111 built for India)
** Class YF: 0-6-2 with 8-ton axle load; later examples were 2-6-2 (111 built for India)
Line 1,460: Line 1,186:
** Class MWGX: 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt
** Class MWGX: 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt
*Indian Railway Standards post war designs
*Indian Railway Standards post war designs
** Class YL: 2-6-2 mixed traffic locomotive with 8-ton axle load (264 built 1953–1957)
** [[Indian locomotive class YL|Class YL]]: 2-6-2 mixed traffic locomotive with 8-ton axle load (264 built 1953–1957)
** Class YG: 2-8-2 goods locomotive with 10½-ton axle load (1074 built 1949–1972)
** [[Indian locomotive class YG|Class YG]]: 2-8-2 goods locomotive with 10{{frac|1|2}}-ton axle load (1074 built 1949–1972)
** Class YP: 4-6-2 passenger locomotive with 10½-ton axle load (871 built 1952–1968)
** [[Indian locomotive class YP|Class YP]]: 4-6-2 passenger locomotive with 10{{frac|1|2}}-ton axle load (871 built 1949–1970)
**Class YM 2-6-4T with 9-ton axle load (12 built 1956)
** [[Indian locomotive class YM|Class YM]] 2-6-4T with 9-ton axle load (12 built 1956)
 
== {{anchor|Narrow gauge (2 ft 6 in and 2 ft) locomotives used in India}}Narrow-gauge (2 ft 6 in and 2 ft) locomotives ==
 
=== Diesel ===
Narrow-gauge diesel classification codes are:
* ZDM - Narrow gauge 2 ft 6 in diesel mixed
* NDM - Narrow gauge 2 ft diesel mixed
==== Mixed class (ZDM series) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class ZDM-1|ZDM-1]] || Arn. Jung || B+B || 5 || 1955 || 290 || Retired ||  ||  ||
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class ZDM-2|ZDM-2]] || Maschi-nenbau Kiel || B-B || 25 || 1964-65 || 700 || Retired ||  ||  || [[File:ZDM 2 Diesel locomotive at Solan.jpg|alt=Blue-and-white loco|ZDM-2|frameless]]
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class ZDM-3|ZDM-3]] || [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]] || B-B || 40 || 1970-82 ||700 || In service ||  ||  || [[File:Zdm engine baijnath.jpg|alt=Tan-and-orange loco|ZDM-3|frameless]]
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class ZDM-4|ZDM-4/4A]] || [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]] || 1-B-B-1 || 10/39 || 1975-77/1982-90 || 700 || In service || ||  || [[File:Narrow Gauge Train at Rajim.JPG|alt=Head-on close-up of a loco|ZDM-4A|frameless]]
|-
| [[Indian locomotive class ZDM-5|ZDM-5]] || [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]] || B-B|| 41 || 1989+ || 450 || In service || ||  || [[File:Bari Train.jpg|alt=Two-tone blue and gold loco|ZDM-5|frameless]]
|}
 
==== Mixed class (NDM series) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Manufacturer
!Wheel
Arr
!Quantity
Built
!Built year(s)
!Power
!Current Status
!Preserved units
!Comments
!Picture
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class NDM-1|NDM-1]] || Arn. Jung || B+B || 7 || 1955 || 290 || In service ||  ||  || [[File:NeralDeparture.JPG|frameless]]
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class NDM-5|NDM-5]] || [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works|CLW]] || B-B || 11 || 1987-89 || 450 || In service ||  ||  ||
|-
|[[Indian locomotive class NDM-6|NDM-6]] || (SAN) Engg. and Loco Co. || B || 6 || 1997 || 335 || In service ||  ||  ||
|}


=== {{anchor|Steam traction (2 ft 6 in)|Company designs|Indian Railway Standards designs}}Steam ===
==={{TrackGauge|2ft6in}} gauge===
==== 2 ft 6 in ====
*[[Barsi Light Railway]]:
*[[Barsi Light Railway]]:
**Class A: 0-8-4T
**Class A: 0-8-4T
Line 1,537: Line 1,208:
**Class ZF: 2-6-2T with 8-ton axle load
**Class ZF: 2-6-2T with 8-ton axle load


==== {{anchor|Steam traction (2 ft)|Indian Railway Standards designs}}2 ft ====
==={{TrackGauge|2ft}} gauge===
[[File:Darjeeling train in shed. 1979.jpg|thumb|alt=Black locomotive|DHR B class locomotive in [[Darjeeling]] shed (1979)]]
[[File:Darjeeling train in shed. 1979.jpg|thumb|alt=Black locomotive|DHR B class locomotive in [[Darjeeling]] shed (1979)]]
*[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]]:
*[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]]:
Line 1,544: Line 1,215:
** DHR C Class: 4-6-2
** DHR C Class: 4-6-2
** [[DHR D Class]]: 0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt
** [[DHR D Class]]: 0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt
*[[Matheran Light Railway]]:
** [[Matheran Light Railway Locomotives 1 to 4|MLR 1-4]]: {{whyte|0-6-0|T}}
*Indian Railway Standards (none built):
*Indian Railway Standards (none built):
** QA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load
** QA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load
Line 1,549: Line 1,222:
** QC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load
** QC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load


=== {{anchor|Battery traction|Special Names}}Battery ===
== Others ==
Narrow-gauge battery classification code is:
In 2015, the first [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG) powered Multiple unites were rolled out by ICF.&lt;ref name="CNG"/&gt; In 2020, [[Southern Railway zone]] introduced the first battery/AC dual shunter termed as WAG5HA with "H" for hybrid.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-indian-railways-goes-green-with-eco-friendly-loco-adds-battery-operated-shunting-locomotive-to-its-fleet-2103440/|title=Indian Railways goes green with eco-friendly loco! Adds battery-operated shunting locomotive to its fleet|date=12 October 2020|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first indigenously designed and manufactured [[Hydrogen train|hydrogen-powered train]] was introduced in August 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/infrastructure/indias-first-hydrogen-powered-train-is-ready-railway-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw-shares-sneak-peek-watch-video/articleshow/123259976.cms|title=India's first hydrogen powered train is ready|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 August 2025|access-date=31 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* NBM - Narrow gauge 2 ft battery mixed
==== Mixed class (NBM series) ====
*NBM-1: Designed by [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]] in 1987
{{clear}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of electric locomotives of India]]
* [[List of diesel locomotives of India]]
* [[Rail transport in India]]
* [[Rail transport in India]]
* [[Indian Railways]]
* [[List of locomotive builders#India|List of locomotive builders]]
* [[List of locomotive builders#India|List of locomotive builders]]


== References ==
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


=== Notes ===
=== References ===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}


=== Bibliography ===
=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Sampson |first=Henry |date=1960 |title=World Railways 1960 |url=https://archive.org/details/worldrailways1960000henr/mode/2up |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]] |location= |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston and Co. |page= |isbn= |access-date=}}{{ISBN missing|date=January 2025}}
*{{Hughes-SII}}
*{{Hughes-SII}}
*{{cite book|last=Hughes |first=Hugh |year=1979 |title=Steam locomotives in India, Part 3 – Broad Gauge |location=Harrow, Middlesex |publisher=The Continental Railway Circle |isbn=0-9503469-4-2 }}
*{{cite book|last=Hughes |first=Hugh |year=1979 |title=Steam locomotives in India, Part 3 – Broad Gauge |url=https://archive.org/details/steamlocomotives0000hugh/mode/2up |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]] |location=Harrow, Middlesex |publisher=The Continental Railway Circle |isbn=0-9503469-4-2 }}
*{{cite book |editor-last1=Allen |editor-first1=Geoffrey Freeman |editor-link=Geoffrey Freeman Allen |date=1982 |title=Janes World Railways 1982 - 83 |url=https://archive.org/details/janesworldrailwa0000geof_c2a0/mode/2up |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company |page= |isbn=9780867206180 |access-date= |series=[[Janes World Railways]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
*{{Hughes-IndianLocos1}}
*{{Hughes-IndianLocos1}}
*{{Hughes-IndianLocos2}}
*{{Hughes-IndianLocos2}}
Line 1,584: Line 1,253:
== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.irfca.org/ Indian railway fan club]


{{Indian Railways}}
{{Indian Railways}}

Revision as of 16:57, 18 February 2026


Indian Railways operates India's railway system and comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of Government of India. As of 2025, it maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of more than 18,000 locomotives. The railways primarily operates a fleet of electric and diesel locomotives along with a few compressed natural gas (CNG) locomotives. Steam locomotives are operated on mountain railways and on heritage trains. As of February 2026, Indian Railways had 13,569 electric and 4,169 diesel locomotives.<ref name="E1">"Electric loco holding for Feb 2026" (PDF), Indian Railways, retrieved 3 February 2026</ref><ref name="D1">"BG Diesel loco holding for Feb 2026" (PDF), Indian Railways, retrieved 3 February 2026</ref>

History

The history of the Indian Railway began in 1832 with the proposal to construct the first railway line in India at Madras. In 1837, the first train ran on Red Hill railway line between Red Hills and Chintadripet in Madras and was hauled by a rotary steam engine imported from England.<ref name="Hist">Understanding Indian Railway Heritage (PDF). Indian Railways (Report). p. 6. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref><ref>"Chennai: The track record". The New Indian Express. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> In 1852, a steam locomotive imported from England was tried at Byculla.<ref name="Locoh">First running of a railway locomotive in India (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. p. 6. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bombay and Thane which had 14-carriages hauled by three steam locomotives: the Sahib, Sindh and Sultan.<ref>"When India's first train blew steam". The Times of India. 25 April 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In 1877, an Ajmer built F-1/734 Steam Locomotive became the first indigenously built locomotive in India.<ref>"Oldest locomotive: Built in Ajmer, pride of Delhi". The Times of India. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In 1925, the first electric train ran between Bombay and Kurla, hauled by a Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) electric locomotive on 1500 V DC traction.<ref name="Hist"/><ref name="EL">Evolution of Electric Locomotives (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> The first diesel locomotive used in India was fabricated by North British Locomotive Company in 1954.<ref name="Gandhi">Gandhidham shed details (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref>

Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, commissioned in 1950, was the first locomotive manufacturing unit in India.<ref>Chittaranjan Locomotive works (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> Banaras Locomotive Works, commissioned in 1961, is the second locomotive manufacturing unit operated by Indian Railways.<ref name="Banaras">Banaras Locomotive works (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In the 1960s, Integral Coach Factory-Chennai (ICF) started developing self-propelled electric multiple units for short-haul and local routes.<ref>Electrical Multiple Units (PDF). Indian Rail Info (Report). 15 October 1999. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref><ref>"Historical Background of Railway Electrification". Indian Railways. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</ref> BHEL and Patiala Locomotive Works, established in 1981, also manufacture locomotives in India.<ref>"Indian railway facilities". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 April 2023.</ref> In 2015, the first compressed natural gas (CNG) powered trains were rolled out by ICF.<ref name="CNG">"India's first CNG train for the Rewari-Rohtak section". The Economic Times. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In 2018, a semi-high speed self-propelled train-set capable of reaching speeds of over 160 km/h (99 mph) was rolled out from ICF.<ref>"Indian Railways to roll out 'Make in India' 160 kmph self-propelled 'world-class' train sets at half the cost of import!". The Financial Express. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</ref><ref>"Train 18: Country's first engine-less train rolled out; Train 20 next". The Economic Times. 29 October 2018. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</ref> As of 2025, Indian Railways maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of over 17,000 locomotives.<ref name="IR">"About Indian Railways". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref><ref>Trains at a glance (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> As of October 2025, Indian Railways had 13,035 electric and 4,165 diesel locomotives amongst others.<ref name="E1"/><ref name="D1"/>

Classification

Locomotives are classified by track gauge, motive power, function, power rating and model in a four- or five-letter code.<ref name="Class"/> The locomotives may be Longer Hood Front (LHF), where the driver cabin is behind the hood of the engine or Short Hood Front (SHF), where the cabin is located towards the front.<ref name="Class"/>

Locomotive classification and number displayed on a locomotive; WDM3A indicates a Broad gauge (L1), Diesel (L2), Mixed use (L3), 3100 HP (L4/L5) locomotive
Locomotive classification<ref name="Class">Locomotive classification (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref>
Letter position Denotes Classification
1 Track gauge
  • W – Broad gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)
  • Y – Metre gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
  • Z – Narrow gauge 762 mm (2 ft 6 in)
  • N – Narrower gauge 610 mm (2 ft)
2 Motive power
3 Use/ <br/> Load/ <br/> Traction
4 Model/ <br/> Horsepower
  • Version Number
  • Model Number
  • Number X 1000 HP
5 Sub-class/ <br/> Sub-type/ <br/> Power rating Increments of 100 HP (For Diesel)
  • A – 100 HP
  • B – 200 HP
  • C – 300 HP

and so on

Electric

In 1925, the first electric train ran between Bombay and Kurla, hauled by a imported SLM locomotive on a DC traction.<ref name="EL1">Electrification history (Report). Indian Railways. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In 1927, the first electric locomotive hauled passenger train was pulled by an imported WCP-1.<ref name="EL"/> In 1957, Indian Railways adopted 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction with the first runs beginning in December 1959 with the WAM-1 locomotives.<ref name="EL1"/>

Broad-gauge

Broad-gauge Electric Locomotives<ref name="EL1"/><ref name="EL"/><ref name="E1"/>
Traction Usage Name Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (HP) Status
WCP series
DC Passenger WCP-1 SLM 2-Bo-A1 22 1928-30 2160 Retired
WCP-2 SLM 2-Bo-A1 1 1938 2160 Retired
WCP-3 Hawthorn Leslie 2-Co-2 1 1928 2250 Retired
WCP-4 Hawthorn Leslie, BBC 2-Co-2 1 1928 2390 Retired
WCM series
DC Mixed WCM-1 English Electric Co-Co 7 1954-55 3170 Retired
WCM-2 English Electric Co-Co 12 1956-57 2810 Retired
WCM-3 Hitachi Co-Co 3 1958 2460 Retired
WCM-4 Hitachi Co-Co 7 1960 3290 Retired
WCM-5 CLW Co-Co 21 1961-63 3700 Retired
WCM-6 CLW Co-Co 2 1995 5000 Retired
WCG series
DC Goods WCG-1 SLM C-C 41 1925-29 2400 Retired
WCG-2 CLW Co-Co 57 1970-76 1640 Retired
WAM series
AC Mixed WAM-1 50 cycles group[lower-alpha 1] B-B 100 1959-60 2870 Retired
WAM-2 Mitsubishi Bo-Bo 36 1960-64 2790 Retired
WAM-3 Mitsubishi Bo-Bo 2 1964 2790 Retired
WAM-4 CLW Co-Co 500 1970-83 3640 Retired
WAP series
AC Passenger WAP-1 CLW Co-Co 65 1980-96 3760 In service
WAP-3 CLW Co-Co 9 1987-88 3760 Retired
WAP-4 CLW Co-Co 778 1994-2015 5000 In service
WAP-5 ABB, CLW Bo-Bo 249 1995-present 6000 In service
WAP-6 CLW Co-Co 17 1995-98 5000 Some variants of wap 6 has been Retired/Others are converted to wap 4e and Operational
WAP-7 CLW, BLW, PLW Co-Co 1959 2000-present 6350 In service
WDAP Series
Electric + Diesel (Dual Mode) Passenger WDAP-5 BLW Co-Co 1 2019 5500 In service (trials)
WAG series
AC Goods WAG-1 File:WAG1 locomotive.jpg SNCF, CLW B-B 112 1963-66 2900 Retired
WAG-2 Hitachi, Mitsubishi B-B 45 1964-65 3180 Retired
WAG-3 <!-- Deleted image removed: File:COLOUR PHOTOGRAPH OF B-B TYPE WAG3 CLASS ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE.png --> Henschel, CLW B-B 10 1965 3150 Retired
WAG-4 CLW B-B 186 1966-69 3150 Retired
WAG-5 CLW, BHEL Co-Co 1196 1984-98 3900 In service
WAG-6A ASEA Bo-Bo-Bo 6 1987-89 6000 Retired
WAG-6B/C Hitachi Bo-Bo-Bo 12 1988 6110 Retired
WAG-7 CLW Co-Co 2007 1992-2015 5000 In service
WAG-8 BHEL Co-Co 1 1990 5000 Retired
WAG-9 ABB, CLW Co-Co 84 1996-present 6000 In service
WAG-9H CLW, BHEL, BLW, PLW Co-Co 6073 2006-present 6000 In service
WAG-9I CLW Co-Co 43 2010-present 6000 In service
WAG-9HH/EF9K CLW Co-Co 57 2020-present 9000 In service
WAG-9/EF12K CLW Co-Co+Co-Co 110 2023-present 12000 In service
WAG-10 BLW Co-Co-Co-Co 1 2018-present 10000 In service
WAG-11 BLW Co-Co-Co-Co 4 2018-present 12000 In service
WAG-12 Alstom, ELF Bo-Bo-Bo-Bo 590 2017-present 12000 In service
WAG D-9
Siemens Co-Co 2025-present 9000 commissioning
WCAM series
Dual (DC/AC) Mixed WCAM-1 CLW Co-Co 54 1975-79 2930 (DC) <br/> 3640 (AC) Retired
WCAM-2 CLW Co-Co 20 1995-96 3780 (DC) <br/> 4720 (AC) In service
WCAM-3 BHEL Co-Co 53 1997-98 4600 (DC) <br/> 5000 (AC) In service
WCAG series
Dual (DC/AC) Goods WCAG-1 BHEL Co-Co 12 1999-2000 4600 (DC) <br/> 5000 (AC) In service

Metre-gauge

Metre-gauge Electric Locomotives<ref name="Heritage">Heritage list of locomotives (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref>
Traction Usage Name Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (|HP) Status
DC Goods YCG-1 English Electric Bo-Bo 4 1930 640 Retired
AC Mixed YAM-1 Mitsubishi B-B 20 1964-66 1740 Retired

Electric multiple units

In 1925, the electric multiple units (EMU) introduced in Bombay were 1.5KV DC units imported were from Cammell Laird and Uerdingenwagonfabrik.<ref name="EL1"/> In the 1960s, EMUs were developed by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai. Indian Railways uses multiple DC units in operation in several suburban sections which are classified from WCU-1 through WCU-15. BHEL developed AC-DC dual use EMUs which can run on 25kV AC and 1.5kV DC traction lines.<ref name="EL1"/> In the late 1990s, MEMUs were developed which ran on 25KV AC power. AC Electric multiple units are designated WAU-1 to WAU-4.<ref name="EMUF">"Multiple Units". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> In 2019, ICF rolled out three-phase AC units to replace conventional DC units.<ref>"3-phase MEMU to replace conventional DC rakes soon". The Hindu. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref>

Diesel

In 1954, the first diesel locomotive was used in India, which was manufactured by North British Locomotive Company.<ref name="Gandhi"/> In 1958, WDM-1, the first locomotive used for mainline traffic was imported from ALCO.<ref>De Cet, Mirco; Kent, Alan (2006). The Complete Encyclopedia of Locomotives. Rebo International. p. 286. ISBN 978-9-0366-1505-1.</ref> In 1964, the first broad-gauge WDM-2 diesel locomotive was rolled out by Banaras Locomotive Works.<ref name="Banaras"/>

Broad-gauge

Broad-gauge Diesel Locomotives<ref name="D1"/><ref name="Heritage"/><ref name="Banaras"/><ref name="IRFCA">"Loco classes". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref>
Usage Name Numbers Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (HP) Status
WDM series
Mixed WDM-1 17000-17099 ALCO Co-Co 100 1957-59 1950 Retired
WDM-2 16000-16887,<br>17100-17999,<br>18040-18079,<br>18112-18514,<br>18523-18900,<br>18903-18999 ALCO, BLW Co-Co 2700 1962-98 2600 Retired
WDM-2G 80000,80001 PLW Co-Co 2 2013 2400 Retired
WDM-3 18515-18522 Henschel Bo-Bo 8 1970 2500 Retired
WDM-3A 13xxx,<br>14001-14057,<br>14058-14143,<br>16000- BLW Co-Co 1431 1994-98 3100 In service
WDM-3D 11101 - 11590 BLW Co-Co 500 2003-13 3300 In service
WDM-4 18000-039,<br>18080-18111 File:WDM-4 locomotive.jpg GM Co-Co 72 1962 2600 Retired
WDM-6 18901,18902 BLW Bo-Bo 2 1981-82 1350 Retired
WDM-7 11001-11015 BLW Co-Co 15 1987-89 2000 In service
WDP series
Passenger WDP-1 15001-15069 BLW, ALCO Bo-Bo 69 1995-99 2300 In service
WDP-3A 15501-15544 BLW, ALCO Co-Co 44 1998-2002 3100 In service
WDP-4 20000-20103,<br>40001-40608 EMD, BLW Co-Co 711 2002-18 4000 In service
WDG series
Goods WDG-2/3A 14501-14999,<br>13000-13665 BLW Co-Co 2004 1995-2010 3100 In service
WDG-4 12001-12999,<br>70001-70190 EMD, BLW Co-Co 1188 1999-2018 4500 In service
WDG-4D 70301-70882,<br>12681 BLW Co-Co 583 2012-2018 4500 In service
WDG-4G 49001-49700 GE Transportation, DLF Co-Co 468 2017-present 4500 In service
WDG-5 50001-50007 BLW Co-Co 7 2012-17 5500 In service
WDG-6G 69001-69300 Gandhidham based WDG-6G at Ghaziabad outer station area GE Transportation, DLF Co-Co 92 2018-present 6000 In service
WDS series
Shunter WDS-1 19000-19014 GE Bo-Bo 15 1944-45 386 Retired
WDS-2 19016-19045 Krauss-Maffei C 30 1954-55 440 Retired
WDS-3 19046-19052 Maschinenbau Kiel C 7 1961 618 Retired
WDS-4

19057-19732

CLW C 662 1968-97 600-700 Retired
WDS-5 19087-19107 ALCO, BLW Co-Co 21 1967 1065 Retired
WDS-6 BLW Co-Co 270 1975–present 1400 In service
WDS-8 CLW Bo-Bo 5 1979-82 800 Retired

In 2009, a YDM-4 locomotive was converted to a broad gauge shunter by Golden Rock Railway Workshop, codenamed WCDS-6, with C for "Converted" and delivered to RITES.<ref>"Locomotive FAQ". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref>

Metre-gauge

Metre-gauge Diesel Locomotives<ref name="D1"/><ref name="Heritage"/><ref name="Banaras"/><ref name="IRFCA"/>
Usage Name Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (HP) Status
YDM series
Mixed YDM-1 NBL B-B 20 1955-56 700 Retired
YDM-2 CLW B-B 41 1986-90 700 Retired
YDM-3 EMD B-B 30 1961-62 1390 Retired
YDM-4 ALCO, BLW Co-Co 541 1961–93 1400 In service
YDM-5 GM C-C 25 1964 1390 Retired

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge Diesel Locomotives<ref name="D1"/><ref name="Heritage"/><ref name="Banaras"/><ref name="IRFCA"/>
Usage Name Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (HP) Status
ZDM series
Mixed ZDM-1 Arnold Jung B-B 5 1955 290 Retired
ZDM-2 Maschinenbau Kiel B-B 25 1964-65 700 Retired
ZDM-3 CLW B-B 40 1970-82 700 In service
ZDM-4 CLW 1-B-B-1 49 1975-90 700 In service
ZDM-5 CLW B-B 41 1989 450 In service

2 ft (610 mm) gauge

2 ft (610 mm) gauge Diesel Locomotives<ref name="D1"/><ref name="Heritage"/><ref name="Banaras"/><ref name="IRFCA"/>
Usage Name Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (HP) Status
NDM series
Mixed NDM-1 Arnold Jung B-B 7 1955 290 In service
NDM-5 CLW B-B 11 1987-89 450 In service
NDM-6 SAN B 6 1997 335 In service

Diesel railcars and multiple units

In 1958, the Commonwealth Engineering of Australia supplied an unknown number of 400 hp (300 kW), 83-seat broad-gauge diesel-mechanical railcars to Indian Railways, classified as WRD-1. Powered by a pair of 200 hp Leyland engines, it had an axle arrangement of 1A-1A1, and a top speed of 110 km/h (68 mph).[1][2]

In 1993-94, diesel multiple units (DMU) were introduced into service. Depending on their transmission system, they are classified as DEMU (diesel-electric transmission) or DHMU (diesel-hydraulic transmission).<ref name="EMUF"/> With increase in electrifiction, DEMUS have been replaced by MEMUs in stages.<ref name="EMUF"/>

Dual

Broad-gauge Dual Locomotives<ref>"Achievements of 2021". RDSO. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref><ref>"Railways to manufacture dual-mode locomotives that run on diesel, electricity". The Times of India. 17 January 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2020.</ref>
Usage Name Image Manufacturer Axles Number built Production Power (HP) Status
Passenger WDAP-5 BLW Co-Co 1 2019- 4500 (Diesel) <br/> 5500 (AC) In trials

Steam

Broad-gauge

Steam engine at outdoor museum
More-modern steam locomotive
Old red-and-black steam locomotive
Large steam locomotive
Indian Railways locomotives: (clockwise from upper left) HPS, NRM WP 7200, B-26 and YP-class locomotives

In the 19th century, the railway companies ordered custom-built steam locomotives, usually from British manufacturers. With non-standardized and multiple designs, manufacturing cost was high and production was slow. During the 1890s, Indian railway companies imported locomotives from Germany and the United States when British manufacturers were suffering from work outages.<ref>Hughes 1979, p. 17</ref> The locomotives used included:

  • Bengal Nagpur Railway:
  • Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway:
    • BB&CI class P: 4-6-2
    • Class A: 2-4-0T, an Atlantic; was at the Palej shed
    • Class U36: 0-4-2, used on hauling suburban trains in Bombay
    • Class D1: 4-4-0, one was named Princess May
    • Class M: 4-6-2
  • East Indian Railway Company:
    • Class CT: 0-6-4T, converted to a superheater
    • EIR class G: 2-2-2T, first two named Express and Fairy Queen; Built in 1855, the latter is the world's oldest locomotive to be in working order and was rebuilt by ICF; Housed at East Indian Railway (EIR)
    • EIR class P: 4-6-0
  • Great Indian Peninsula Railway:
    • Sultan, Sahib and Sindh: Hauled the first passenger train in 1853
    • Lord Falkland: 0-6-0
    • GIPR classes Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4: 0-8-4T, Used on Thal Ghat as bankers for pushing trains up the Western Ghats.
    • GIPR Class F and F3: 2-6-0
    • GIPR class J1: 0-6-0
    • Class D4: 4-6-0, one is named Hero
    • Class D5: 4-6-0 passenger locomotive
    • Class E1: 4-4-2 Atlantic built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1907–8; Rebuilt with a superheater between 1925 and 1928.
    • Class T: Tank locomotive used for hauling Mumbai suburban trains
    • Class Y: 2-8-4T
    • Crane tank: 0-6-0T, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum in New Delhi
  • Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway:
    • M&SM class V: 4-4-0, one is preserved.
    • Class BTC: 2-6-4T, based on BESA specifications
    • Class T: 0-4-2; one is preserved in Chennai
  • Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway:
    • NSR class A: 2-6-0T, No. 48, an Atlantic preserved at the National Rail Museum, Delhi
  • North Western State Railway:
    • Class EM: 4-4-2, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
    • NWR class GAS: 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt, one built in 1925 and retired in 1937
    • NWR class P: 2-4-0
    • Class E1: 4-4-2
    • Class N1: 4-8-0
  • Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway:
    • Class B26: 0-6-0, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
  • Others:
    • Class B: 2-6-0
    • Class E: 2-4-0
    • Class F: 2-8-2, built between 1926 and 1950 by Nasmyth Wilson for service on Central Railway (CR)
    • Class G: 2-6-0, probably intended for freight
    • Class NA2
    • Class PTC: 2-6-4T, owned by Northern Railway (NR); probably a converted passenger locomotive
    • Class Y2: 2-8-2T, reclassified L2
    • Phoenix: 0-4-0T, one is at the National Rail Museum
    • Ramgotty: 2-2-0T, the National Rail Museum's oldest locomotive, it was converted to broad gauge
Steam locomotive in a museum
Vulcan Foundry class SPS, 1911

In the early 1900s, the British Engineering Standards Committee (later the British Engineering Standards Association) began designing a series of locomotives for use by Indian railways. The first two designs emerged in 1903: a 4-4-0 passenger and 0-6-0 goods. They were revised in 1905 and 1906 with additional heavier, more-powerful locomotives:[3]

These advisory BESA designs were customized by the railway companies, which used different classification systems; only the state-operated railways used the class designations SP, SG, PT, HP, AP, HG and HT. When superheating was accepted, superheated versions were classified SPS, SGS and so on (if built with superheaters) and SPC, SGC and so on (if converted from saturated to superheated).[3]

Manufacturer's photo
Similar to first photo, without manufacturer documentation
Indian Railways locomotives: 1935 XP class (left) and 1927 XB class

After World War I, larger and more-powerful locomotives were designed by British consulting engineers for the Indian government. They began to operate from 1927:[4]

Class XF, built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in Manchester for East Bengal Railway
  • Class XF: light shunting 0-8-0 design, 18-ton axle load
  • Class XG: heavy shunting 0-8-0 design, 23-ton axle load
  • Class XH: 4-cylinder 2-8-2, 28-ton axle load; none were built
  • Class XP: experimental passenger 4-6-2, 18.5-ton axle load
  • Class XS: experimental 4-cylinder 4-6-2, 21.5-ton axle load
  • Class XT: light tank 0-4-2T, 15-ton axle load

During World War II, large numbers of 2-8-2 locomotives were acquired from the United States and Canada and classified AWD and CWD. The Baldwin Locomotive Works adapted the USATC S160 Class locomotive design for India, and it became class AWC.[5] Sixty broad-gauge locomotives were built in 1944 as part of an order of 180 S160 engines. In addition to modified frame spreaders, axles, cylinders, and cab, the Indian locomotives had a turbo generator and electric lighting (not included in the standard European design). Many parts (including boilers) were identical to those in standard-gauge locomotives.<ref>Baldwin Locomotive Works drawing index and bill of materials for special order 43306, locomotive design 2-8-0 19S, numbers 666 to 845 for the U.S. Government, War Department.</ref>

Steam engine in transit
Steam engine at an outdoor museum
Black locomotive under cover
Locomotive on above-ground display
(clockwise from upper left) WL- and YG-class locomotives; an M2-162, and a display engine in Guntur Division

Although new classes were designed shortly before the war, many did not enter service until the post-war period. The new classes were indicated by the change of broad-gauge prefix from X to W, and plans were implemented to begin manufacturing locomotives in India. The new classes were:[6]

All broad-gauge steam locomotives in India have been withdrawn from normal service, with only occasional steam specials continuing to operate.

Metre-gauge

  • Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class
  • BESA designs:
  • Indian Railway Standards designs of the late 1920s
    • Class YA: 4-6-2 with 9-ton axle load (none built)
    • Class YB: 4-6-2 with 10-ton axle load (161 built for India and 50 for Burma)
    • Class YC: 4-6-2 with 12-ton axle load (15 built for India and 13 for Burma)
    • Class YD: 2-8-2 with 10-ton axle load (171 built for India, 61 for Burma, and 25 for East Pakistan)
    • Class YE: 2-8-2 with 12-ton axle load (none built)
    • Class YF: 0-6-2 with 8-ton axle load; later examples were 2-6-2 (111 built for India)
    • Class YK: 2-6-0 version of the 2-6-2 YF, 8-ton axle load (25 built for India)
    • Class YT: 0-4-2T with 8-ton axle load (2 built for India)
  • Wartime designs:
  • Indian Railway Standards post war designs
    • Class YL: 2-6-2 mixed traffic locomotive with 8-ton axle load (264 built 1953–1957)
    • Class YG: 2-8-2 goods locomotive with 10​1⁄2-ton axle load (1074 built 1949–1972)
    • Class YP: 4-6-2 passenger locomotive with 10​1⁄2-ton axle load (871 built 1949–1970)
    • Class YM 2-6-4T with 9-ton axle load (12 built 1956)

Template:TrackGauge gauge

  • Barsi Light Railway:
    • Class A: 0-8-4T
    • Class B: 4-8-4T
    • Class C: 0-6-0ST
    • Class D: 0-4-0
    • Class E: Sentinel railcars
    • Class F: 2-8-2
    • Class G: 4-6-4
  • Indian Railway Standards:
    • Class ZA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load (none built)
    • Class ZB: 2-6-2 with 6-ton axle load
    • Class ZC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load (none built)
    • Class ZD: 4-6-2 with 8-ton axle load (none built)
    • Class ZE: 2-8-2 with 8-ton axle load
    • Class ZF: 2-6-2T with 8-ton axle load

Template:TrackGauge gauge

Black locomotive
DHR B class locomotive in Darjeeling shed (1979)

Others

In 2015, the first compressed natural gas (CNG) powered Multiple unites were rolled out by ICF.<ref name="CNG"/> In 2020, Southern Railway zone introduced the first battery/AC dual shunter termed as WAG5HA with "H" for hybrid.<ref>"Indian Railways goes green with eco-friendly loco! Adds battery-operated shunting locomotive to its fleet". The Financial Express. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</ref> The first indigenously designed and manufactured hydrogen-powered train was introduced in August 2025.<ref>"India's first hydrogen powered train is ready". The Times of India. 13 August 2025. Retrieved 31 August 2025.</ref>

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Consortium of KraussMaffei, Krupp, SFAC and La Brugeoise et Nivelles

References

  1. ↑ Sampson 1960, p. 321.
  2. ↑ Allen 1982, p. 426.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hughes 1979, p. 18.
  4. ↑ Hughes 1979, p. 21.
  5. ↑ Hughes 1979, p. 23.
  6. ↑ Hughes 1979, p. 21-23.

Bibliography

External links

Template:Metre gauge locomotives of India

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