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{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Short description|Municipality in West Bengal, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Bolpur | ||
| official_name | | official_name = | ||
| native_name | | native_name = | ||
| native_name_lang | | native_name_lang = | ||
| other_name | | other_name = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = [[City]] and [[Municipality]] | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = 208787 watermarked.jpg | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Khoai Road | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|23.67|N|87.72|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_type3 | | subdivision_type3 = Subdivision | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}} [[West Bengal]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum District|Birbhum]] | ||
| subdivision_name3 | | subdivision_name3 = [[Bolpur subdivision]] | ||
| established_title | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| established_date | | established_date = | ||
| founder | | founder = | ||
| named_for | | named_for = | ||
| government_type | | government_type = [[Municipality]] | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = {{bulleted list|Bolpur Municipality|Sriniketan Santiniketan Development Authority (SSDA)}} | ||
| leader_title1 | | leader_title1 = [[Chairperson]] | ||
| leader_name1 | | leader_name1 = Parna Ghosh | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = <ref name='Bolpur Info'>{{cite web|title=Department of Urban Development & Municipal Affairs / Bolpur Municipality|url=https://www.wburbanservices.gov.in/|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = 33.45 | ||
| area_metro_km2 | | area_metro_km2 = 106.28 | ||
| area_metro_footnotes | | area_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Sriniketan-Santiniketan Development Authority|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/MUNI_SSDA.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> | ||
| area_rank | | area_rank = | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 58 | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 112,591 | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_footnotes = <ref name='Bolpur Info'/> | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = Bolpurbashi or Santiniketanbashi | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]] | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 731204 (Bolpur)<br/>731235 (Santiniketan)<br/>731236 (Sriniketan) | ||
| area_code | | area_code = 03463 (Bolpur Telephone Exchange) | ||
| area_code_type | | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber Trunk Dialling|STD]] code | ||
| iso_code | | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]] | ||
| registration_plate | | registration_plate = Bolpur RTO {{bulleted list|WB-47 (commercial vehicles)|WB-48 (private vehicles)}} | ||
| blank1_name_sec1 | | blank1_name_sec1 = Railway Station(s) | ||
| blank1_info_sec1 | | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] (BHP) <br/>[[Prantik railway station]] (PNE) | ||
| website | | website = {{URL|bolpur-santiniketan.com}}<br/>{{URL|bolpurmunicipality.org}}<br/>{{URL|santiniketan.com}} | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
| blank2_name_sec1 | | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency | ||
| blank2_info_sec1 | | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]] | ||
| blank3_name_sec1 | | blank3_name_sec1 = • [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] | ||
| blank3_info_sec1 | | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Asit Kumar Mal]] | ||
| blank4_name_sec1 | | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency | ||
| blank4_info_sec1 | | blank4_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]], [[Nanoor (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nanoor]] | ||
| blank5_name_sec1 | | blank5_name_sec1 = • [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] | ||
| blank5_info_sec1 | | blank5_info_sec1 = Chandranath Singha | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bolpur''' is a [[city]] and a [[municipality]] in [[Birbhum district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Bolpur subdivision]]. Bolpur municipal area includes [[ | '''Bolpur''' is a [[city]] and a [[municipality]] in [[Birbhum district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Bolpur subdivision]]. Bolpur municipal area includes [[Santiniketan]]. The city is known as a cultural and educational hub of West Bengal. The city is under the jurisdiction of Bolpur and Santiniketan Police station. Bolpur is the largest and most populous city in [[Birbhum district]] and 28th most populous city in West Bengal. Located on the banks of [[Ajay River]] and [[Kopai River]], Bolpur has been one of the major human settlements. It is 150 km north of [[Kolkata]] and is famous for [[Visva Bharati]], the [[University]] set up by the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel]] laureate poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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About 150 years ago, Bolpur was a small village under Supur Porgana. Kalikapur a known place of Bolpur was the origin of the typical village in past. There were no rail lines, no developed roads. Paddy land were seen around the village. "Lalmati" (red soil) was found everywhere. Many villages named Sian, Dihipara, Khoskadampur, Paruldanga, Goalpara, Ballavpur, Bandhgara, Surul, Supur, Raipur were the boundary line around Bolpur. | About 150 years ago, Bolpur was a small village under Supur Porgana. Kalikapur a known place of Bolpur was the origin of the typical village in past. There were no rail lines, no developed roads. Paddy land were seen around the village. "Lalmati" (red soil) was found everywhere. Many villages named Sian, Dihipara, Khoskadampur, Paruldanga, Goalpara, Ballavpur, Bandhgara, Surul, Supur, Raipur were the boundary line around Bolpur. | ||
East India company established the first railway line in 1859, when the Sahebganj loopline was extended beyond the river Ajay. Bolpur railway station was established in 1860. Along with this, court, police station, sub registry office, etc., were established in old Bolpur. Then people started residing here. Christian missionaries came; they founded a church that was known as Mission compound. Paddy storage house, stationary shops, grocery shops, garment shops etc. were on the east side near Bolpur railway station. About 19 husking machines were here at that time. | [[East India Company|East India company]] established the first railway line in 1859, when the Sahebganj loopline was extended beyond the river Ajay. Bolpur railway station was established in 1860. Along with this, court, police station, sub registry office, etc., were established in old Bolpur. Then people started residing here. Christian missionaries came; they founded a church that was known as Mission compound. Paddy storage house, stationary shops, grocery shops, garment shops etc. were on the east side near Bolpur railway station. About 19 husking machines were here at that time. | ||
Maharshi [[Debendranath Tagore]] established a centre of religious mediation in Bolpur. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] established Visva Bharati Viswavidyalaya in | Maharshi [[Debendranath Tagore]] established a centre of religious mediation in Bolpur. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] established Visva Bharati Viswavidyalaya in 1921. These were the main reasons for the huge extension, development and popularity of Bolpur. | ||
Provincial names proved the upcoming gradual development of Bolpur. Kachharipatti is just beside court house, Trishulapatti is the commercial paddy trading centre. Kalibaroarytala was the service place for Bolpur set up by some initiative people. Netaji made a conference. Here Harisava stood against "Bramhopasana". Every week these two conferences were held in Bolpur. Bijaykrishna Ghoswami, Shivnath Shastri, Shasibhusan Basu | Provincial names proved the upcoming gradual development of Bolpur. Kachharipatti is just beside court house, Trishulapatti is the commercial paddy trading centre. Kalibaroarytala was the service place for Bolpur set up by some initiative people. Netaji made a conference. Here Harisava stood against "Bramhopasana". Every week these two conferences were held in Bolpur. Bijaykrishna Ghoswami, Shivnath Shastri, Shasibhusan Basu and others gave religious advice. Beside this, prayer committee was set up. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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Bolpur is located at {{coord|23.67|N|87.72|E|display=inline}}. | Bolpur is located at {{coord|23.67|N|87.72|E|display=inline}}. | ||
Bolpur covered an area of {{cvt|35.94|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1025- 1033 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 16 July 2019}}</ref> | |||
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small> | <small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small> | ||
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==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
The climate of Shantiniketan is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at | The climate of [[Santiniketan|Shantiniketan]] is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at 7-15 °C (minimum). Summer is felt for three months, March, April and May. December, January and February are the winter months. June, July, August and September see heavy rainfall, these four months are known as monsoon (rainy season) with dry humid. Shantiniketan saw its highest temperature rising 47.0 °C, on 10 June 1966. The lowest temperature ever recorded is 4.9 °C, on 9 January 2013 (see the weather box below). The annual average temperature is 26.2 °C. About 1480mm of rain falls per year, with 76 days seeing the rain. | ||
The area is classified as an "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" (tropical savanna climate) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]]. | The area is classified as an "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" ([[tropical savanna climate]]) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]]. | ||
{{Shantiniketan weatherbox}} | {{Shantiniketan weatherbox}} | ||
==Demography== | ==Demography== | ||
{{ | {{Historical population | ||
| | | source = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A{{cn|date=September 2022}} | ||
| | | 1941 | 13856 | ||
| | | 1951 | 14802 | ||
| 1961 | 23355 | |||
| | | 1971 | 29696 | ||
| 1981 | 38436 | |||
| 1991 | 52760 | |||
|1951 | | 2001 | 65693 | ||
|1961 | | 2011 | 80210 | ||
|1971 | }} | ||
|1981 | |||
|1991 | |||
|2001 | |||
|2011 | |||
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Bolpur had a total population of 80,210, of which 40,468 (50%) were males and 39,742 (50%) were females. Population in the age range of 0–6 years was 6,852. The total number of literates in Bolpur was 63,656 (86.77% of the population 7 years and over).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref> | As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Bolpur had a total population of 80,210, of which 40,468 (50%) were males and 39,742 (50%) were females. Population in the age range of 0–6 years was 6,852. The total number of literates in Bolpur was 63,656 (86.77% of the population 7 years and over).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref> | ||
===Religion=== | ===Religion=== | ||
According to Census of India 2011, Hinduism is the predominant religion in Bolpur, followed by 89.77% of the population. It is followed by Islam with 9.68% adherents. Other religions like Christianity, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community - Bolpur |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> | According to Census of India 2011, [[Hinduism]] is the predominant religion in Bolpur, followed by 89.77% of the population. It is followed by [[Islam]] with 9.68% adherents. Other religions like [[Christianity]], [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Buddhism]] are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community - Bolpur |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> | ||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
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==Civic administration== | ==Civic administration== | ||
Bolpur municipality is divided into | Bolpur municipality is divided into 22 wards. Until 2010, the [[Indian National Congress]] was in power in it. In the 2010 municipal elections, the municipality faced a hung verdict. Later, the [[Trinamool Congress]] with nine councillors, formed the board by taking the support of eight Congress councillors. This board officially ended its term on 2020, but due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]], municipal election is on hold for this municipality. An Interim Administrative board is on charge of Bolpur municipality, Parna Ghosh is the current [[Chairperson]] of the municipal board.<ref>{{Cite web|title=বোলপুর পুরসভার প্রশাসক পদে রদবদল, সুশান্তের জায়গায় আনা হল পর্ণাকে|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/parna-ghosh-appointed-as-administrator-of-bolpur-municipality-dgtld/cid/1280913|access-date=17 May 2021|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> Former Loksabha Speaker Late [[Somnath Chatterjee]] had been an elected parliamentarian from 1985 till 2009 from Bolpur constituency. He was preceded by Late [[Saradish Roy]] another veteran parliamentarian from [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
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===Railways=== | ===Railways=== | ||
[[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] (BHP) is the major railway station under Howrah Division of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]] (ER). The station is well connected to the major cities, specially state capital [[Kolkata]]. Apart from West Bengal, the station connected to cities of other states like [[Guwahati]], [[Dibrugarh]], [[Agartala]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Mumbai]]. | [[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] (BHP) is the major railway station under [[Howrah]] Division of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]] (ER). The station is well connected to the major cities, specially state capital [[Kolkata]]. Apart from [[West Bengal]], the station connected to cities of other states like [[Guwahati]], [[Dibrugarh]], [[Agartala]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Mumbai]]. | ||
Another railway station in the city is [[Prantik railway station]] (PNE) which is the next station of Bolpur Shantiniketan. Some local passenger and express trains give a stop in this station. | Another railway station in the city is [[Prantik railway station]] (PNE) which is the next station of Bolpur Shantiniketan. Some local passenger and express trains give a stop in this station. | ||
===Roadways=== | ===Roadways=== | ||
Bolpur is connected to all important cities by roadways. [[National Highway 114]] (old numbering NH 2B) pass through Bolpur. The highway runs from [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] (old numbering NH 60) at Mallarpur to [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering NH 2) at Burdwan. This highway connects Bolpur with [[Burdwan]] (60 km) and [[Kolkata]] (160 km). [[SH 14]] or [[Panagarh–Morgram Highway|Morgram - Panagarh highway]] passes through 15 km away from Bolpur at [[Ilambazar|Illambazar]], and junction with [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] at [[Panagarh]] (40 km). This route connects Bolpur with [[Durgapur]] (54 km), [[Asansol]] (97 km), [[Maithon]] (120 km) and [[Dhanbad]] (160 km). Bolpur-Suri road connects Bolpur with district headquarter | Bolpur is connected to all important cities by roadways. [[National Highway 114]] (old numbering NH 2B) pass through Bolpur. The highway runs from [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] (old numbering NH 60) at Mallarpur to [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering NH 2) at [[Bardhaman|Burdwan]]. This highway connects Bolpur with [[Burdwan]] (60 km) and [[Kolkata]] (160 km). [[SH 14]] or [[Panagarh–Morgram Highway|Morgram - Panagarh highway]] passes through 15 km away from Bolpur at [[Ilambazar|Illambazar]], and junction with [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] at [[Panagarh]] (40 km). This route connects Bolpur with [[Durgapur]] (54 km), [[Asansol]] (97 km), [[Maithon]] (120 km) and [[Dhanbad]] (160 km). Bolpur-Suri road connects Bolpur with district headquarter Suri (35 km) and the road cross [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] at Suri. After crossing, the road goes towards [[Massanjore Dam|Massanjore]] (70 km), [[Dumka]] (98 km), [[Deoghar]] (165 km). Distance from Bolpur to [[Berhampore]] via [[Nanoor]] is 100 km, and [[Katwa]] via [[Nutanhat]] is 54 km. | ||
Bolpur is connected through [[West Bengal Transport Corporation|WBTC]], [[South Bengal State Transport Corporation|SBSTC]] and private bus services. Private cab services are also available. | Bolpur is connected through [[West Bengal Transport Corporation|WBTC]], [[South Bengal State Transport Corporation|SBSTC]] and private bus services. Private cab services are also available. | ||
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==Education== | ==Education== | ||
{{Cleanup-list|section|date=July 2024}} | |||
===Universities and Colleges=== | ===Universities and Colleges=== | ||
====Universities==== | ====Universities==== | ||
* [[Visva-Bharati University]] | * [[Visva-Bharati University]] | ||
* [[Seacom Skills University]] | * [[Seacom Skills University]] | ||
*[[Biswa Bangla Biswabidyalay]] | * [[Biswa Bangla Biswabidyalay|Biswa Bangla Biswabidyalay (Bolpur University)]] | ||
====General Colleges==== | ====General Colleges==== | ||
* [[Bolpur College]] | * [[Bolpur College]] | ||
* [[Purni Devi Chaudhuri Girls' College|Purni Devi Chaudhuri Girls' College (PDCGC)]] | * [[Purni Devi Chaudhuri Girls' College|Purni Devi Chaudhuri Girls' College (PDCGC)]] | ||
====Medical Colleges==== | |||
* [[Santiniketan Medical College]] | |||
====Engineering / Management / Polytechnic==== | ====Engineering / Management / Polytechnic==== | ||
* [[Bengal Institute of Technology & Management|Bengal Institute of Technology & Management (B.I.T.M Santiniketan)]] | * [[Bengal Institute of Technology & Management|Bengal Institute of Technology & Management (B.I.T.M Santiniketan)]] | ||
* [[Santiniketan Institute of Polytechnic (S.I.P Bolpur) | * [[Santiniketan Institute of Polytechnic]] (S.I.P Bolpur)<ref>{{cite web |title=SIP Profile |url=https://santiniketanpolytechnic.org/sip-profile/ |website=Santiniketan Institute of Polytechnic |access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
====Law Colleges==== | ====Law Colleges==== | ||
* [[Bengal Law College]] | * [[Bengal Law College]] | ||
====Nursing Colleges==== | |||
* Santiniketan Sebaniketan Nursing Institute | |||
===Schools=== | ===Schools=== | ||
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====Residential Schools==== | ====Residential Schools==== | ||
* [[Ekalavya Model Residential School]] (EMRS) | * [[Ekalavya Model Residential School]] (EMRS) | ||
====Private Schools==== | ====Private Schools==== | ||
* [[Techno India Group Public School]] (TIGPS) | * [[Techno India Group Public School]] (TIGPS) | ||
* [[Ryan International School]] | * [[Ryan International School]] | ||
* [[Nava Nalanda High School]] | * [[Nava Nalanda High School]] | ||
* [[St.Teresa's School,ICSE ISC Board]] | |||
* North Point Senior Secondary Boarding School | |||
====Central Government Schools==== | ====Central Government Schools==== | ||
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] | * [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] | ||
====State Government Schools==== | ====State Government High Schools==== | ||
* [[Bolpur High School]] | * [[Bolpur High School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Schools |url=https://www.aim.gov.in/pdf/West-Bengal.pdf |website=aim.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
* [[Bolpur Girls' High School]] | * [[Bolpur Girls' High School]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Snehamoy |title=Bolpur Girls' High School students agitate for exam delay |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bolpur-girls-high-school-students-agitate-for-exam-delay/cid/1842503 |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 December 2021}}</ref> | ||
* [[ | * [[Bandhgora Kalikrishna Vidyapith]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WBBSE :: Affiliated Schools Birbhum |url=http://wbbse.org/sbirbhum.htm |website=wbbse.org |access-date=15 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
* [[Vivekananda High School]] | * [[Srinanda High School]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Newly-Married Couple Found Dead On Campus Of Visva-Bharati University |url=https://www.ndtv.com/cities/visva-bharati-university-birbhum-west-bengal-newly-married-couple-found-dead-inside-campus-2033046 |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=NDTV |date=5 May 2019}}</ref> | ||
* [[Bolpur NNB High School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Education First |url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19082001102 |website=school.banglarshiksha.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> | |||
* [[Bolpur Vivekananda Vidyapith]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Education First |url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19082000202 |website=school.banglarshiksha.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> | |||
* [[Shailabala Girls' High School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Education First |url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/contact/19082001103 |website=school.banglarshiksha.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> | |||
==Healthcare== | ==Healthcare== | ||
Bolpur Subdivisional Hospital has | Bolpur Subdivisional Hospital has 520 beds.<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 9 February 2018 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> Bolpur Block Primary Health Centre at Bolpur, serving [[Bolpur Sriniketan]] community development block, has 60 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =26 January 2018 | archive-date =16 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200816074737/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> | ||
[https://pathyasathi.com Pathyasathi Ayurveda] Sonajhuri, Santiniketan has 30 beds,an ayurvedic hospital in collaboration with Dhanwanthari Vaidyasala. The later is recognized as one of the oldest houses of Ayurveda in Kerala.{{cn|date=July 2024}} | |||
==Wildlife sanctuary== | ==Wildlife sanctuary== | ||
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{{Main|Notable people associated with Santiniketan}} | {{Main|Notable people associated with Santiniketan}} | ||
==See also== | |||
*[[Rampurhat]] | |||
*[[Malda, West Bengal]] | |||
*[[Basirhat]] | |||
*[[Barrackpore]] | |||
*[[Durgapur]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041219/asp/calcutta/story_4148675.asp Around Bolpur] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', 19 December 2004 | * [https://archive.today/20130203115000/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041219/asp/calcutta/story_4148675.asp Around Bolpur] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', 19 December 2004 | ||
* [http://www.santiniketan.com/ From Bolpur to Santiniketan] | * [http://www.santiniketan.com/ From Bolpur to Santiniketan] | ||
* [https://www.santiniketantravelguide.com/ Santiniketan travel guide] | * [https://www.santiniketantravelguide.com/ Santiniketan travel guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129184517/https://santiniketantravelguide.com/ |date=29 November 2021 }} | ||
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Santiniketan}} | * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Santiniketan}} | ||
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]] | ||
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:15, 12 February 2026
Bolpur | |
|---|---|
City and Municipality | |
 Khoai Road | |
Location in West Bengal, India   Bolpur Bolpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°40′N 87°43′E / 23.67°N 87.72°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  West Bengal |
| District | Birbhum |
| Subdivision | Bolpur subdivision |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body |
|
| • Chairperson | Parna Ghosh |
| Area | |
| • City and Municipality | 33.45 km2 (12.92 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 106.28 km2 (41.03 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 58 m (190 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • City and Municipality | 112,591 |
| • Density | 3,400/km2 (8,700/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Bolpurbashi or Santiniketanbashi |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali |
| • Additional official | English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 731204 (Bolpur) 731235 (Santiniketan) 731236 (Sriniketan) |
| Telephone/STD code | 03463 (Bolpur Telephone Exchange) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-WB |
| Vehicle registration | Bolpur RTO
|
| Railway Station(s) | Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station (BHP) Prantik railway station (PNE) |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Bolpur |
| • MP | Asit Kumar Mal |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Bolpur, Nanoor |
| • MLA | Chandranath Singha |
| Website | bolpur-santiniketan bolpurmunicipality santiniketan |
Bolpur is a city and a municipality in Birbhum district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Bolpur subdivision. Bolpur municipal area includes Santiniketan. The city is known as a cultural and educational hub of West Bengal. The city is under the jurisdiction of Bolpur and Santiniketan Police station. Bolpur is the largest and most populous city in Birbhum district and 28th most populous city in West Bengal. Located on the banks of Ajay River and Kopai River, Bolpur has been one of the major human settlements. It is 150 km north of Kolkata and is famous for Visva Bharati, the University set up by the Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
There is a mythical story that says that Supur was the capital of Raja Surath. He lost his kingdom when he had gone out for conquests, but regained the same with the blessings of goddess Bhavani. In his worship of gratitude, Raja Surath organised the sacrificial slaughtering of one lakh goats. As a result, the name of place where the sacrificial offerings were made became ‘Bolipur’ – with time it became Bolpur.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
 | This section does not cite any sources. (July 2019) |
About 150 years ago, Bolpur was a small village under Supur Porgana. Kalikapur a known place of Bolpur was the origin of the typical village in past. There were no rail lines, no developed roads. Paddy land were seen around the village. "Lalmati" (red soil) was found everywhere. Many villages named Sian, Dihipara, Khoskadampur, Paruldanga, Goalpara, Ballavpur, Bandhgara, Surul, Supur, Raipur were the boundary line around Bolpur.
East India company established the first railway line in 1859, when the Sahebganj loopline was extended beyond the river Ajay. Bolpur railway station was established in 1860. Along with this, court, police station, sub registry office, etc., were established in old Bolpur. Then people started residing here. Christian missionaries came; they founded a church that was known as Mission compound. Paddy storage house, stationary shops, grocery shops, garment shops etc. were on the east side near Bolpur railway station. About 19 husking machines were here at that time.
Maharshi Debendranath Tagore established a centre of religious mediation in Bolpur. Rabindranath Tagore established Visva Bharati Viswavidyalaya in 1921. These were the main reasons for the huge extension, development and popularity of Bolpur.
Provincial names proved the upcoming gradual development of Bolpur. Kachharipatti is just beside court house, Trishulapatti is the commercial paddy trading centre. Kalibaroarytala was the service place for Bolpur set up by some initiative people. Netaji made a conference. Here Harisava stood against "Bramhopasana". Every week these two conferences were held in Bolpur. Bijaykrishna Ghoswami, Shivnath Shastri, Shasibhusan Basu and others gave religious advice. Beside this, prayer committee was set up.
Geography[edit | edit source]
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Location[edit | edit source]
Bolpur is located at 23°40′N 87°43′E / 23.67°N 87.72°E.
Bolpur covered an area of 35.94 km2 (13.88 sq mi).[4]
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
In the map of Bolpur-Sriniketan CD block on page 718 of District Census Handbook Birbhum (Part A), while the area covered by Shantiniketan is shown as a part of Bolpur, Sriniketan is shown as a part of Surul, a census town.
Police station[edit | edit source]
Bolpur police station has jurisdiction over Bolpur Sriniketan community development block.[5][6]
Climate[edit | edit source]
The climate of Shantiniketan is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at 7-15 °C (minimum). Summer is felt for three months, March, April and May. December, January and February are the winter months. June, July, August and September see heavy rainfall, these four months are known as monsoon (rainy season) with dry humid. Shantiniketan saw its highest temperature rising 47.0 °C, on 10 June 1966. The lowest temperature ever recorded is 4.9 °C, on 9 January 2013 (see the weather box below). The annual average temperature is 26.2 °C. About 1480mm of rain falls per year, with 76 days seeing the rain. The area is classified as an "Aw" (tropical savanna climate) under the Köppen Climate Classification. Template:Shantiniketan weatherbox
Demography[edit | edit source]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 13,856 | — |
| 1951 | 14,802 | +6.8% |
| 1961 | 23,355 | +57.8% |
| 1971 | 29,696 | +27.2% |
| 1981 | 38,436 | +29.4% |
| 1991 | 52,760 | +37.3% |
| 2001 | 65,693 | +24.5% |
| 2011 | 80,210 | +22.1% |
| Source: District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A[citation needed] | ||
As per the 2011 Census of India, Bolpur had a total population of 80,210, of which 40,468 (50%) were males and 39,742 (50%) were females. Population in the age range of 0–6 years was 6,852. The total number of literates in Bolpur was 63,656 (86.77% of the population 7 years and over).[7]
Religion[edit | edit source]
According to Census of India 2011, Hinduism is the predominant religion in Bolpur, followed by 89.77% of the population. It is followed by Islam with 9.68% adherents. Other religions like Christianity, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism are followed by less than 1% of the population.[8]
Civic administration[edit | edit source]
Bolpur municipality is divided into 22 wards. Until 2010, the Indian National Congress was in power in it. In the 2010 municipal elections, the municipality faced a hung verdict. Later, the Trinamool Congress with nine councillors, formed the board by taking the support of eight Congress councillors. This board officially ended its term on 2020, but due to COVID-19 pandemic, municipal election is on hold for this municipality. An Interim Administrative board is on charge of Bolpur municipality, Parna Ghosh is the current Chairperson of the municipal board.[9] Former Loksabha Speaker Late Somnath Chatterjee had been an elected parliamentarian from 1985 till 2009 from Bolpur constituency. He was preceded by Late Saradish Roy another veteran parliamentarian from Communist Party of India (Marxist).
Transport[edit | edit source]
| This section does not cite any sources. (August 2020) |
Railways[edit | edit source]
Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station (BHP) is the major railway station under Howrah Division of Eastern Railway (ER). The station is well connected to the major cities, specially state capital Kolkata. Apart from West Bengal, the station connected to cities of other states like Guwahati, Dibrugarh, Agartala, Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Mumbai.
Another railway station in the city is Prantik railway station (PNE) which is the next station of Bolpur Shantiniketan. Some local passenger and express trains give a stop in this station.
Roadways[edit | edit source]
Bolpur is connected to all important cities by roadways. National Highway 114 (old numbering NH 2B) pass through Bolpur. The highway runs from NH 14 (old numbering NH 60) at Mallarpur to NH 19 (old numbering NH 2) at Burdwan. This highway connects Bolpur with Burdwan (60 km) and Kolkata (160 km). SH 14 or Morgram - Panagarh highway passes through 15 km away from Bolpur at Illambazar, and junction with NH 19 at Panagarh (40 km). This route connects Bolpur with Durgapur (54 km), Asansol (97 km), Maithon (120 km) and Dhanbad (160 km). Bolpur-Suri road connects Bolpur with district headquarter Suri (35 km) and the road cross NH 14 at Suri. After crossing, the road goes towards Massanjore (70 km), Dumka (98 km), Deoghar (165 km). Distance from Bolpur to Berhampore via Nanoor is 100 km, and Katwa via Nutanhat is 54 km.
Bolpur is connected through WBTC, SBSTC and private bus services. Private cab services are also available.
Airways[edit | edit source]
Bolpur has no airport of its own. The nearest airport from Bolpur is Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport located 70 km away in Andal, Durgapur. The nearest international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU) located 160 km away in Dum Dum (Kolkata).
Education[edit | edit source]
Universities and Colleges[edit | edit source]
Universities[edit | edit source]
General Colleges[edit | edit source]
Medical Colleges[edit | edit source]
Engineering / Management / Polytechnic[edit | edit source]
- Bengal Institute of Technology & Management (B.I.T.M Santiniketan)
- Santiniketan Institute of Polytechnic (S.I.P Bolpur)[10]
Law Colleges[edit | edit source]
Nursing Colleges[edit | edit source]
- Santiniketan Sebaniketan Nursing Institute
Schools[edit | edit source]
Visva Bharati affiliated Schools[edit | edit source]
Residential Schools[edit | edit source]
Private Schools[edit | edit source]
- Techno India Group Public School (TIGPS)
- Ryan International School
- Nava Nalanda High School
- St.Teresa's School,ICSE ISC Board
- North Point Senior Secondary Boarding School
Central Government Schools[edit | edit source]
State Government High Schools[edit | edit source]
- Bolpur High School[11]
- Bolpur Girls' High School[12]
- Bandhgora Kalikrishna Vidyapith[13]
- Srinanda High School[14]
- Bolpur NNB High School[15]
- Bolpur Vivekananda Vidyapith[16]
- Shailabala Girls' High School[17]
Healthcare[edit | edit source]
Bolpur Subdivisional Hospital has 520 beds.[18] Bolpur Block Primary Health Centre at Bolpur, serving Bolpur Sriniketan community development block, has 60 beds.[19]
Pathyasathi Ayurveda Sonajhuri, Santiniketan has 30 beds,an ayurvedic hospital in collaboration with Dhanwanthari Vaidyasala. The later is recognized as one of the oldest houses of Ayurveda in Kerala.[citation needed]
Wildlife sanctuary[edit | edit source]
• Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary & Deer Park (Santiniketan)
Notable people[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Department of Urban Development & Municipal Affairs / Bolpur Municipality". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ↑ "Sriniketan-Santiniketan Development Authority". sudawb.org. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ↑ Ghosh, Binoy, Paschim Banger Sanskriti, (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, page 298, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata
- ↑ "District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Section II Town Directory, Pages 1025- 1033. Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ↑ "District Statistical Handbook 2008, Birbhum" (PDF). Table 2.1. Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ↑ "Birbhum Police". Police Stations. West Bengal Police. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ↑ "2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". West Bengal – District-wise. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "C-1 Population By Religious Community - Bolpur". census.gov.in. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ↑ "বোলপুর পুরসভার প্রশাসক পদে রদবদল, সুশান্তের জায়গায় আনা হল পর্ণাকে". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ↑ "SIP Profile". Santiniketan Institute of Polytechnic. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ↑ "List of Schools" (PDF). aim.gov.in. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ↑ Chakraborty, Snehamoy (9 December 2021). "Bolpur Girls' High School students agitate for exam delay". The Telegraph. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ↑ "WBBSE :: Affiliated Schools Birbhum". wbbse.org. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
- ↑ PTI (5 May 2019). "Newly-Married Couple Found Dead On Campus Of Visva-Bharati University". NDTV. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ↑ "Education First". school.banglarshiksha.gov.in. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ↑ "Education First". school.banglarshiksha.gov.in. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ↑ "Education First". school.banglarshiksha.gov.in. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ↑ "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics - Hospitals. Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ↑ "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres. Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Around Bolpur The Telegraph, 19 December 2004
- From Bolpur to Santiniketan
- Santiniketan travel guide Archived 29 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
