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| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| image = Manganiar performing at a festival.jpg | | image = Manganiar performing at a festival.jpg | ||
| image_caption = Manganiar children performing with their guru at [[Mehrangarh Fort]], [[Jodhpur]] at World Sufi Spirit | | image_caption = Manganiar children performing with their guru at [[Mehrangarh Fort]], [[Jodhpur]] at World Sufi Spirit Festival in 2016. | ||
| total = Unknown | | total = Unknown | ||
| total_year = <!-- year of total population --> | | total_year = <!-- year of total population --> | ||
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| genealogy = | | genealogy = | ||
| regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]{{·}}[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] | | regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]{{·}}[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] | ||
| languages = [[Marwari language|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] | | languages = [[Marwari language|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]{{·}} [[Dhatki language|Dhatki]] | ||
| religions = [[Islam]] | | religions = [[Islam]] | ||
| related_groups = | | related_groups = | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The ''' | The '''Manganiar''' are a community found in the desert of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]; mostly in the districts of [[Barmer district|Barmer]] and [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], but also found in the districts of [[Tharparkar District|Tharparkar]] and [[Sanghar District|Sanghar]] in the bordering province of [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} They are known for various compositions describing stories from Hindu mythology focused on humans, nature, and salvation. They, along with the [[Langha (tribe)|Langha]] community, are known for their [[folk music]]. They are groups of hereditary professional musicians whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats for generations. | ||
==History and origin== | ==History and origin== | ||
The | The Manganhars consider themselves descendants of the [[Muslim Rajput|Rajputs]] and are renowned as folk musicians of the [[Thar desert]]. Their songs are passed on from generation to generation as a form of oral history of the desert. The traditional Jajman (patrons) of the Manganhar are the locally dominant [[Rajput]] and [[Charan]] communities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Musafir |url=https://www.laphil.com/musicdb/artists/3793/musafir |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=LA Phil |language=en |quote="Manghaniyars, like Langas, are sedentary Muslims whose home extends over the border into Pakistan, but their patrons are mostly Hindu Rajputs (a high caste) and Hindu Charans (a caste of poets, bards, and historians)."}}</ref> while the Langha have a similar relationship with the [[Sindhi-Sipahi]], a community of [[Muslim Rajput]]s. At times of birth, marriage, or any family festivity for their [[Rajput]] patrons, the manganhar musicians sing songs of the desert and many specially composed songs to praise the patron and his family. {{citation needed|date=September 2016}} {{dubious|date=September 2016}}. | ||
==Present circumstances== | ==Present circumstances== | ||
In 1978, Jodhpur-based musician Komal Kothari provided the | In 1978, [[Jodhpur]]-based musician Komal Kothari provided the Manganhars with institutional support, allowing them to sing outside the state for the first time. Currently, several Manganhar groups tour internationally. | ||
==Instruments== | ==Instruments== | ||
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<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani manganhar folk singer | * [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani manganhar folk singer | ||
* [[Mai Bhagi]], Sindhi folk singer | |||
* [[Kachra Khan]], a singer of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan | * [[Kachra Khan]], a singer of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan | ||
* [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer | * [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer | ||
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show] | ||
* [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways] | * [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways] | ||
{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}{{Indian Muslim}} | |||
{{Indian Muslim}} | |||
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]] | [[Category:Muslim communities of India]] | ||
Revision as of 00:47, 28 June 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2019) |
 Manganiar children performing with their guru at Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur at World Sufi Spirit Festival in 2016. | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| Unknown | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Rajasthan, India · Sindh, Pakistan | |
| Languages | |
| Marwari · Sindhi · Dhatki | |
| Religion | |
| Islam |
The Manganiar are a community found in the desert of Rajasthan, India; mostly in the districts of Barmer and Jaisalmer, but also found in the districts of Tharparkar and Sanghar in the bordering province of Sindh in Pakistan.[citation needed] They are known for various compositions describing stories from Hindu mythology focused on humans, nature, and salvation. They, along with the Langha community, are known for their folk music. They are groups of hereditary professional musicians whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats for generations.
History and origin
The Manganhars consider themselves descendants of the Rajputs and are renowned as folk musicians of the Thar desert. Their songs are passed on from generation to generation as a form of oral history of the desert. The traditional Jajman (patrons) of the Manganhar are the locally dominant Rajput and Charan communities,[1] while the Langha have a similar relationship with the Sindhi-Sipahi, a community of Muslim Rajputs. At times of birth, marriage, or any family festivity for their Rajput patrons, the manganhar musicians sing songs of the desert and many specially composed songs to praise the patron and his family. [citation needed] [dubious ].
Present circumstances
In 1978, Jodhpur-based musician Komal Kothari provided the Manganhars with institutional support, allowing them to sing outside the state for the first time. Currently, several Manganhar groups tour internationally.
Instruments
Kamaicha
The 17-string khamaycha is a bowed instrument. Made of mango wood, its rounded resonator is covered with goat skin. Three of its strings are goat intestine while the other 14 strings are steel.
Khartaal
The khartaal is a kind of castanet made of teak. Its name is derived from "Khar", meaning hand, and "Taal", meaning rhythm.
Dholak
The dholak is a hand drum similar in timbre to a bongo. A dholak may have traditional lacing or turnbuckle tuning. The dholak has a simple membrane and a handle on the right hand side. The left hand membrane has a special coating on the inner surface. This coating is a mixture of tar, clay and sand (dholak masala) which lowers the pitch.
Notable people
- Mai Dhai, Pakistani manganhar folk singer
- Mai Bhagi, Sindhi folk singer
- Kachra Khan, a singer of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan
- Mame Khan, a folk singer
- Sakar Khan, Khamaicha player, Padmasree award winner
- Swaroop Khan, playback singer