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{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Rupnagar district|the village in Nepal|Rupnagar, Nepal}}
{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Rupnagar district|the village in Nepal|Rupnagar, Nepal}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Rupnagar
| name                     = Rupnagar
| native_name                     =  
| native_name             =  
| native_name_lang               =  
| native_name_lang         =  
| other_name                     = Ropar
| other_name               =  
| settlement_type                 = City
| settlement_type         = City
| image_skyline                   = Satluj S058.JPG
| image_skyline           = {{photomontage
| image_alt                      =  
| photo1a = Satluj S058.JPG
| image_caption                  = Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj, Rupnagar.
| photo2a = Indus Valley Civilization site, Roopnagar (Rupar), Punjab, India.jpg
| nickname                        = Ropar
| photo2b = Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib , Kotla Nihang, Roopnagar, Punjab, India.jpg
| image_map                      =
| photo3a = Shahi Mulakaat Sthan Maharaja Ranjit Singh Runagar Image Credit Entrepreneur Rudhrah Gourav.jpg
| map_alt                        =
| photo3b = Ropar Wetland 03.jpg
| map_caption                    =
| photo4a = 2 River Satluj Sutlej Ropar Dam and Bridge in Rupnagar Punjab India.jpg
| pushpin_map                    = India Punjab#India
| spacing      = 2
| pushpin_label_position          = left
| color_border = white
| pushpin_map_alt                =  
| color        =  
| pushpin_map_caption            =
| size        = 270
| coordinates                    = {{coord|30.9664|N|76.5331|E|display=inline,title}}
| border      = no
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
| established_title              = <!----> Established
| established_date                = 19th century (2000 BCE)
| founder                        =
| named_for                      =
| government_type                = Municipal council
| governing_body                  = Ropar MC
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                  =
| area_total_km2                  = 13.65
| area_rank                      =
| elevation_footnotes            =  
| elevation_m                    = 262
| population_total                = 56000
| population_as_of                = 2011
| population_footnotes            =  
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_rank                =
| population_demonym              =
| demographics_type1              = Languages
| demographics1_title1            = Official
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +5:30
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = 140 001
| area_code                      = 91-1881
| area_code_type                  = Telephone code
| registration_plate              = PB-12
| website                        = {{URL|http://rupnagar.nic.in/}}
| footnotes                      =
| demographics1_info1            = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}
}}
'''Rupnagar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ʊ|p|n|ə|g|ər}}; [[List of renamed places in India|formerly known as]] '''Ropar''') is a city and a [[municipal council]] in [[Rupnagar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. Rupnagar is nearly {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} to the northwest of [[Chandigarh]] (the nearest [[airport]] and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the north and [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]] (formerly known as Nawanshahr district) to its west.
| image_alt                =
| image_caption            = Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj (Rupnagar), [[Indus Valley Civilization]] (Rupnagar), Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Park, [[Ropar Wetland]], [[Satluj River]] Bridge.
| nickname                = Ropar
| image_map                =
| map_alt                  =
| map_caption              =
| pushpin_map              = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_alt          =
| pushpin_map_caption      =
| coordinates              = {{coord|30.9664|N|76.5331|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
| established_title        = <!----> Established
| established_date        = 19th century (2000 BCE)
| founder                  =
| named_for                =
| government_type          = Municipal council
| governing_body          = Ropar MC
| unit_pref                = Metric
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 13.65
| area_rank                =
| elevation_footnotes      =
| elevation_m              = 262
| population_total        = 56000
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_rank          =
| population_demonym      =
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1              = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code              = 140 001
| area_code                = 91-1881
| area_code_type          = Telephone code
| registration_plate      = PB-12
| website                  = {{URL|http://rupnagar.nic.in/}}
| footnotes                =
| demographics1_info1      = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}'''Rupnagar'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropar {{!}} India {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rupnagar |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupnagar {{!}} Districts Profile {{!}} NRI Affairs Department |url=http://nripunjab.gov.in/rupnagar-district.htm |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=nripunjab.gov.in}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ʊ|p|n|ə|g|ər}}; [[List of renamed places in India|formerly known as]] '''Ropar''') is a city and a [[municipal council]] in [[Rupnagar district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the [[Indus Valley civilization]]. Rupnagar is nearly {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} to the northwest of [[Chandigarh]] (the nearest [[airport]] and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the north and [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]] to its west.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Map of District {{!}} Rupnagar Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/map-of-district/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>


There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.
There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib, Gurdwara Solkhian and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}


== History ==
== History ==
{{Expand Section|date=December 2017}}
=== Etymology ===
The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a  [[Raja]] called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rupnagar city etymology |url=http://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/ropar/city-introduction/ |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>


=== Etymology ===
=== Indus Valley civilization<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indus civilization {{!}} History, Location, Map, Artifacts, Language, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indus-civilization |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ===
The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a  [[Raja]] called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.
[[File:Indus Valley Civilization site, Roopnagar (Rupar), Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|left|Indus Civilization site, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab, India]]Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar-Hakra]] beds.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kodwani |first=Sunny |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OBKvgAACAAJ |title=Harappan Towns and Cities: Indus Valley Civilization, Indian Historical Tales |date=2016-09-11 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1-5375-4228-7 |language=en}}</ref> There is an Archaeological Museum<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archeological Museum {{!}} Rupnagar Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/tourist-place/archeological-museum/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first [[Harappan civilisation|Harappan]] site of Independent India.<ref name=":0" /> These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] and copper and bronze implements.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://rupnagar.nic.in/html/asi_museum.htm|title=ASI Museum - Rupnagar|website=rupnagar.nic.in|access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref>


=== Indus Valley civilisation ===
== Historical Background ==
[[File:Indus Valley Civilization site, Roopnagar (Rupar), Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|left|Indus Civilization site, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab, India]]Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar-Hakra]] beds. There is an Archaeological Museum in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first [[Harappan civilisation|Harappan]] site of Independent India. These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] and copper and bronze implements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rupnagar.nic.in/html/asi_museum.htm|title=ASI Museum - Rupnagar|website=rupnagar.nic.in|access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref> S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in [[1763|1763 A.D]]. and established his state . S. Hari Singh son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state.[[File:Archaeological Museum, Rupnagar, Punjab.jpg|thumb|center|Archaeological Museum, Rupnagar, Punjab, India]]
S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in [[1763|1763 A.D]]. and established his state . His son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Districts of India- Socio-economic statistical data of Rupnagar District, Punjab |url=https://www.indiastatdistricts.com/punjab/rupnagar-district |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.indiastatdistricts.com}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
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=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
The [[climate]] of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west [[monsoon]] season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four [[season]]s. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The [[temperature]] ranges from a minimum of {{Convert|1|C}} in winter to {{Convert|47|C}} in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative [[humid]]ity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual [[rainfall]] in the district is {{Convert|775.6|mm}}. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rupnagar.nic.in/html/about.htm|title=About District - Rupnagar|website=rupnagar.nic.in|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref>
The [[climate]] of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west [[monsoon]] season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four [[season]]s. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west [[monsoon]] season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The [[temperature]] ranges from a minimum of {{Convert|1|C}} in winter to {{Convert|47|C}} in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative [[humid]]ity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual [[rainfall]] in the district is 1030mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Climate and Rainfall - Rupnagar |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/demography/ |url-status=live |access-date=2017-12-26 |website=rupnagar.nic.in}}</ref>


===Rupnagar wetland===
===Rupnagar wetland===
{{Main|Ropar Wetland}}
{{Main|Ropar Wetland}}
[[File:Ropar wetland (side outlet), Punjab.jpg|thumb|right|Rupnagar wetland (side outlet), Punjab]]
[[File:Ropar wetland (side outlet), Punjab.jpg|thumb|right|Rupnagar wetland (side outlet), Punjab]]
The city has one of the three important wetlands of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] State known as Rupnagar Wetland or [[Ropar Wetland]]. This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the [[Sutlej|Sutlej River]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/attraction/59/ropar-wetland|title=Punjab Tourism|website=punjabtourism.gov.in|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 mammalian, 154 bird, 35 fish, 9 arthropod, 11 rotifer and 10 protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator. The total area of the wetland is {{Convert|1365|ha}}. The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.
The city has one of the three important wetlands of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] State known as Rupnagar Wetland or [[Ropar Wetland]].It was declared as a [[Ramsar site]] in 2002<ref>{{Cite web |title=RAMSAR Wetland Sites |url=http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/Database/ramsar_wetland_sites_8224.aspx |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.wiienvis.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Komal |last2=Khattar |first2=J. I. S. |last3=Singh |first3=D. P. |last4=Singh |first4=Yadvinder |date=2021 |title=New records of desmids from Ropar wetland (a Ramsar Site) of Punjab, India |url=https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/1229 |journal=Plant Science Today |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1037–1048 |doi=10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1229 |s2cid=238645818 |issn=2348-1900|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropar {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1161 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Vinod Kumar|date=Jan 28, 2020 |title=Three more Punjab wetlands get Ramsar site tag {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/three-more-punjab-wetlands-get-ramsar-site-tag/articleshow/73676841.cms |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropar Wetland |url=https://sandrp.in/tag/ropar-wetland/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=SANDRP |language=en}}</ref> This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the [[Sutlej|Sutlej River]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/attraction/59/ropar-wetland|title=Punjab Tourism|website=punjabtourism.gov.in|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 [[mammal]]ian, 154 [[bird]], 35 [[fish]], 9 [[arthropod]], 11 [[rotifer]] and 10 [[protozoa]]n species. This important ecological zone is located in the [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik]] foothills of the [[Lower Himalayan Range|Lower Himalayas]] and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state of India, by building a head regulator.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKGitHv-DTAC |title=DKGitHv-DTAC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Sharad K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&dq=ropar+head&pg=PA493 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |last2=Agarwal |first2=Pushpendra K. |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay P. |date=2007-05-16 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-5180-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMpKAAAAYAAJ&q=ropar+head |title=The Journal of Cytology and Genetics |date=1990 |publisher=Society of Cytologists and Geneticists, India |language=en}}</ref> The total area of the wetland is {{Convert|1365|ha}}. The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
Line 88: Line 100:
=== Road ===
=== Road ===
Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to major cities including [[Una District|Una]], [[Baddi]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Chandigarh]] and [[Delhi]]. Rupnagar is connected by the [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:
Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to major cities including [[Una District|Una]], [[Baddi]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Chandigarh]] and [[Delhi]]. Rupnagar is connected by the [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:
* [[File:NH205-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 205 (India)|NH 205]] that connects [[Chandigarh]], [[Kurali]] to [[Kiratpur Sahib]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] via Rupnagar
* [[File:NH205-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 205 (India)|NH 205]] that connects [[Chandigarh]], [[Kurali]] to [[Kiratpur Sahib]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] via Rupnagar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relation: NH205 (3210477) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3210477 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}</ref>
*[[File:NH103A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH 103A]] connects [[Hoshiarpur]] to Rupnagar.
*[[File:NH103A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH 103A]] connects [[Hoshiarpur]] to Rupnagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Highway 103A (NH103A) Travel Guide - Roadnow |url=https://roadnow.in/e/national-highway-103A-NH103A |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=roadnow.in}}</ref>
*[[File:NH344A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 344A (India)|NH 344A]] links Rupnagar to [[Phagwara]], [[Jalandhar]] via [[Nawanshahr]], [[Balachaur]] and [[Banga, India|Banga]] via [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH103A]] at Balachaur.
*[[File:NH344A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 344A (India)|NH 344A]] links Rupnagar to [[Phagwara]], [[Jalandhar]] via [[Nawanshahr]], [[Balachaur]] and [[Banga, India|Banga]] via [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH103A]] at Balachaur.


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
As per 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rupnagar had a population of 48,165. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 82%. In Rupnagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
As per 2011 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/demography/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16 |access-date=2008-11-01 |website=rupnagar.nic.in|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rupnagar had a population of 56,038. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.19%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.50%, and female literacy is 76.42%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupnagar District Population Census 2011-2022, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/district-at-a-glance/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=Arihant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhrzDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Rupnagar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA243 |title=Know Your State Punjab |date=2019-06-04 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-131-6766-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9XsZ0G5URAC |title=Census of India, 2011: pt.1. Provisional population totals |date=2011 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab |language=en}}</ref>


== Companies ==
== Companies ==
* [[Ranbaxy Laboratories]]
* [[Ranbaxy Laboratories]]
* Smart IT Ventures (First Software Company in District)
* Smart IT Ventures Private Limited
* The Australian Academy
* The Australian Academy


== Education ==
== Education ==
[[File:IIT Ropar - Main Building of the Transit Campus.JPG|thumb|200x200px|
[[File:Maingateiitropar.jpg|thumb|200x200px|The Indian Institute of Technology, ROPAR.]]
The Indian Institute of Technology, currently operating from its transit campus.
]]


=== Schools ===
=== Schools ===
Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]] or [[Punjab School Education Board|Punjab School Education Board (PSEB)]] and follow the [[Education in India|10+2 plan]] of education.
Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]] or [[Punjab School Education Board|Punjab School Education Board (PSEB)]] or [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE)]]  and follow the [[Education in India|10+2 plan]] of education.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools {{!}} Rupnagar Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/public-utility-category/schools/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>


=== Higher education ===
=== Higher education ===
Rupnagar houses the [[Indian Institute of Technology Ropar]], the [[Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal]], and Government College, Ropar (affiliated to [[Punjabi University|Punjabi University, Patiala]]).
Rupnagar houses the [[Indian Institute of Technology Ropar]] which is spread over 525 acres in the banks of Satulj,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Institute of Technology Ropar {{!}} भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान रोपड़ |url=https://www.iitrpr.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.iitrpr.ac.in}}</ref> the [[Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home page - Best colleges in Chandigarh IETBhaddal |url=https://ietbhaddal.edu.in/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ietbhaddal.edu.in}}</ref> and Government College, Ropar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt College Ropar |url=https://www.govtcollegeropar.org/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.govtcollegeropar.org}}</ref> (affiliated to [[Punjabi University|Punjabi University, Patiala]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabi University, Patiala {{!}} Higher Education Institute {{!}} NAAC "A" Grade {{!}} Punjab |url=http://www.punjabiuniversity.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.punjabiuniversity.ac.in}}</ref>).


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
<!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE-->
<!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE-->
* Dr. [[Rattan Chand]], Senior Bureaucrat, Government of India.
* [[Himanshi Khurana]], Indian model
<!-- Himanshi Khurana (Indian Punjabi Model)-->
* [[Rattan Chand]], Senior bureaucrat for the Government of India
* [[Manpreet Gony]], Indian Cricketer
* [[Kanshi Ram]], Indian politician<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-09 |title=How 'manyavar' Kanshiram stood up for a colleague and changed Indian politics |url=https://theprint.in/politics/how-manyavar-kanshiram-stood-up-for-a-colleague-and-changed-indian-politics/131612/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Kanshi Ram – A Great Indian Politician and Social Reformer |url=https://www.beaninspirer.com/kanshi-ram-a-great-indian-politician-and-social-reformer/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.beaninspirer.com |language=en-us}}</ref>
* [[Surjit Bindrakhia]], Punjabi singer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surjit Bindrakhia |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/2tcB32mxjVzmLcyfGizWNX |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=PTC Punjabi- Live Gurbani {{!}} World's No.1 Punjabi Entertainment Channel |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/surjit-bindrakhia-birth-anniversary-special-know-some-lesser-known-facts-and-hit-songs-by-the-legend |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rana K. P. Singh]], Indian politician<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-27 |title=Know the new Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker, Rana KP Singh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/know-the-new-punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-rana-kp-singh/story-OBx8t4LsHiXdQJwnb7cwOI.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Indian Constitution is best, says Rana KP |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/indian-constitution-is-best-says-rana-kp-32316 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[Indus Valley civilization]]
* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]]
* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]]
* [[List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
Line 125: Line 139:


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
 


* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rupar|volume=23|page=855}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rupar|volume=23|page=855}}
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001043716/http://www.punjab.bsnl.co.in/search_rp.php Rupnagar BSNL telephone directory search]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001043716/http://www.punjab.bsnl.co.in/search_rp.php Rupnagar BSNL telephone directory search]
* [http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_ropar.asp Archaeological Museum in Rupnagar (Archaeological Survey of India)]
* [http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_ropar.asp Archaeological Museum in Rupnagar (Archaeological Survey of India)]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jane+mcintosh&source=bl&ots=jakTDBxdN3&sig=6hB1k7q7oEeZfwHXEBpJIUta4lM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HrsYUOGmCsftrAfHxYGACg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=ropar&f=false Location of Ropar in IVC map]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=ropar Location of Ropar in IVC map]
* [https://data.gov.in/data-manager/dr-rattan-chand]
* [https://data.gov.in/data-manager/dr-rattan-chand]


Line 143: Line 157:
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Rupnagar district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Rupnagar district]]
[[Category:Major Indus Valley Civilisation sites]]
[[Category:Indus Valley civilisation sites]]

Latest revision as of 07:24, 22 July 2023

This article is about the municipality in Punjab, India. For its namesake district, see Rupnagar district. For the village in Nepal, see Rupnagar, Nepal.
Rupnagar
City
Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj (Rupnagar), Indus Valley Civilization (Rupnagar), Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Park, Ropar Wetland, Satluj River Bridge.
Nickname: 
Ropar
Rupnagar is located in Punjab
Rupnagar
Rupnagar
Rupnagar is located in India
Rupnagar
Rupnagar
Coordinates: 30°57′59″N 76°31′59″E / 30.9664°N 76.5331°E / 30.9664; 76.5331
Country India
StatePunjab
DistrictRupnagar
Established19th century (2000 BCE)
Government
 • TypeMunicipal council
 • BodyRopar MC
Area
 • Total13.65 km2 (5.27 sq mi)
Elevation
262 m (860 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total56,000
 • Density4,100/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
140 001
Telephone code91-1881
Vehicle registrationPB-12
Websiterupnagar.nic.in

Rupnagar[1][2] (/ˈrʊpnəɡər/; formerly known as Ropar) is a city and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the Indus Valley civilization. Rupnagar is nearly 43 km (27 mi) to the northwest of Chandigarh (the nearest airport and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district to its west.[3]

There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib, Gurdwara Solkhian and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.[citation needed]

History[edit | edit source]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.[4]

Indus Valley civilization[5][edit | edit source]

Indus Civilization site, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab, India

Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the Ghaggar-Hakra beds.[6] There is an Archaeological Museum[7] in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first Harappan site of Independent India.[8] These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of Chandragupta and copper and bronze implements.[8]

Historical Background[edit | edit source]

S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in 1763 A.D. and established his state . His son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state.[9]

Geography[edit | edit source]

Rupnagar is located at 30°58′N 76°32′E / 30.97°N 76.53°E / 30.97; 76.53.[10] It has an average elevation of 260 metres (850 ft). The town lies on the bank of Satluj River and the Shivalik hill range spreads along the opposite bank of the river.

Climate[edit | edit source]

The climate of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west monsoon season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 1 °C (34 °F) in winter to 47 °C (117 °F) in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1030mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.[11]

Rupnagar wetland[edit | edit source]

Main article: Ropar Wetland
Rupnagar wetland (side outlet), Punjab

The city has one of the three important wetlands of the Punjab State known as Rupnagar Wetland or Ropar Wetland.It was declared as a Ramsar site in 2002[12][13][14][15][16] This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the Sutlej River.[17] The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 mammalian, 154 bird, 35 fish, 9 arthropod, 11 rotifer and 10 protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator.[18][19][20] The total area of the wetland is 1,365 hectares (3,370 acres). The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.

Transport[edit | edit source]

Rail[edit | edit source]

Rupnagar railway station falls in the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is connected to Chandigarh by a single line railway track. It is also connected to Amritsar via Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Morinda, Una (HP) and Nangal Dam.

Road[edit | edit source]

Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to major cities including Una, Baddi, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Chandigarh and Delhi. Rupnagar is connected by the National Highway system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:

Demographics[edit | edit source]

As per 2011 India census,[23] Rupnagar had a population of 56,038. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.19%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.50%, and female literacy is 76.42%.[24][25][26]

Companies[edit | edit source]

Education[edit | edit source]

The Indian Institute of Technology, ROPAR.

Schools[edit | edit source]

Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) or Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and follow the 10+2 plan of education.[27]

Higher education[edit | edit source]

Rupnagar houses the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar which is spread over 525 acres in the banks of Satulj,[28] the Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal,[29] and Government College, Ropar[30] (affiliated to Punjabi University, Patiala[31]).

Notable people[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Ropar | India | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  2. ↑ "Rupnagar | Districts Profile | NRI Affairs Department". nripunjab.gov.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. ↑ "Map of District | Rupnagar Web Portal | India". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  4. ↑ "rupnagar city etymology". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  5. ↑ "Indus civilization | History, Location, Map, Artifacts, Language, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  6. ↑ Kodwani, Sunny (11 September 2016). Harappan Towns and Cities: Indus Valley Civilization, Indian Historical Tales. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5375-4228-7.
  7. ↑ "Archeological Museum | Rupnagar Web Portal | India". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "ASI Museum - Rupnagar". rupnagar.nic.in. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "Districts of India- Socio-economic statistical data of Rupnagar District, Punjab". www.indiastatdistricts.com. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  10. ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rupnagar
  11. ↑ "Climate and Rainfall - Rupnagar". rupnagar.nic.in. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ↑ "RAMSAR Wetland Sites". www.wiienvis.nic.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  13. ↑ Komal; Khattar, J. I. S.; Singh, D. P.; Singh, Yadvinder (2021). "New records of desmids from Ropar wetland (a Ramsar Site) of Punjab, India". Plant Science Today. 8 (4): 1037–1048. doi:10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1229. ISSN 2348-1900. S2CID 238645818.
  14. ↑ "Ropar | Ramsar Sites Information Service". rsis.ramsar.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  15. ↑ Vinod Kumar (28 January 2020). "Three more Punjab wetlands get Ramsar site tag | Chandigarh News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  16. ↑ "Ropar Wetland". SANDRP. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  17. ↑ "Punjab Tourism". punjabtourism.gov.in. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  18. ↑ DKGitHv-DTAC.
  19. ↑ Jain, Sharad K.; Agarwal, Pushpendra K.; Singh, Vijay P. (16 May 2007). Hydrology and Water Resources of India. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-5180-7.
  20. ↑ The Journal of Cytology and Genetics. Society of Cytologists and Geneticists, India. 1990.
  21. ↑ "Relation: NH205 (3210477)". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  22. ↑ "National Highway 103A (NH103A) Travel Guide - Roadnow". roadnow.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  23. ↑ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census". rupnagar.nic.in. Census Commission of India. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  24. ↑ "Rupnagar District Population Census 2011-2022, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  25. ↑ Experts, Arihant (4 June 2019). Know Your State Punjab. Arihant Publications India limited. ISBN 978-93-131-6766-2.
  26. ↑ Census of India, 2011: pt.1. Provisional population totals. Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab. 2011.
  27. ↑ "Schools | Rupnagar Web Portal | India". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  28. ↑ "Indian Institute of Technology Ropar | भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान रोपड़". www.iitrpr.ac.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  29. ↑ "Home page - Best colleges in Chandigarh IETBhaddal". ietbhaddal.edu.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  30. ↑ "Govt College Ropar". www.govtcollegeropar.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  31. ↑ "Punjabi University, Patiala | Higher Education Institute | NAAC "A" Grade | Punjab". www.punjabiuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  32. ↑ "How 'manyavar' Kanshiram stood up for a colleague and changed Indian politics". ThePrint. 9 October 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  33. ↑ "Kanshi Ram – A Great Indian Politician and Social Reformer". www.beaninspirer.com. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  34. ↑ "Surjit Bindrakhia". Spotify. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  35. ↑ "PTC Punjabi- Live Gurbani | World's No.1 Punjabi Entertainment Channel". PTC Punjabi. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  36. ↑ "Know the new Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker, Rana KP Singh". Hindustan Times. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  37. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Indian Constitution is best, says Rana KP". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

External links[edit | edit source]

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