Jainism in Maharashtra: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
| image = File:2 La grotte Jain Indra Sabha Ellora Caves, India.jpg
| image           = File:2 La grotte Jain Indra Sabha Ellora Caves, India.jpg
| caption = ''Indra Sabha'', [[Ellora Caves]]
| caption         = ''Indra Sabha'', [[Ellora Caves]]
| group = Marathi Jains
| group           =  
| regions = {{IND}}<br /> [[Maharashtra]]
| regions         = {{IND}}<br /> [[Maharashtra]]
| languages = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| languages       = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| religions = [[Jainism]]
| religions       = [[Jainism]]
| Sect            =
}}
}}
{{Jainism}}
[[Jainism]] has been present in [[Maharashtra]] since ancient times. The famous [[Ellora Caves]] demonstrate that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times.
[[Jainism]] has been present in [[Maharashtra]] since ancient times. The famous [[Ellora Caves]] demonstrate that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Foot bahubali2.jpg|right|thumb|981 A.D. Marathi inscription at the foot of [[Bahubali|Bahubali statue]] at Jain temple in [[Shravanabelagola]] is one of the earliest known Marathi inscription found. It was derived from Jain-Prakrit language.]]
[[File:Foot bahubali2.jpg|left|thumb|981 A.D. Marathi inscription at the foot of [[Bahubali|Bahubali statue]] at Jain temple in [[Shravanabelagola]] is one of the earliest known Marathi inscription found. It was derived from Jain-Prakrit language.]]
Jainism in Maharashtra has a long history.
Jainism in Maharashtra has a long history.
The oldest inscription in Maharashtra is a 2nd-century BC Jain inscription in a cave near Pale village in the [[Pune District]]. It was written in the [[Jain Prakrit]] and includes the [[Navkar Mantra]].
The oldest inscription in Maharashtra is a 2nd-century BC Jain inscription in a cave near Pale village in the [[Pune District]]. It was written in the [[Jain Prakrit]] and includes the [[Navkar Mantra]].
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== Jain communities in present day Maharashtra==
== Jain communities in present day Maharashtra==
[[File:Hindi granth karyalay.JPG|Office of the [[Hindi Granth Karyalay]], Mumbai, publishers of books on Jainism|thumb]]
[[File:BahubaliKumbhoj.JPG|[[Kumbhoj Jain temple]] is seat for [[Bhattaraka]]|thumb]]
The native Jains of Maharashtra today are endogamous communities and generally do not intermarry with the Jains who have arrived from [[North India]]. They are all [[Digambar]]as and are divided into four large communities:
The native Jains of Maharashtra today are endogamous communities and generally do not intermarry with the Jains who have arrived from [[North India]]. They are all [[Digambar]]as and are divided into four large communities:


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==Religious organizations==
==Religious organizations==
{{main|Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha}}
{{main|Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha}}
The [[Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha]] is a religious and social service organization of the [[Jainism|Jain]]s of South India. The organization is headquartered at [[Kolhapur]], Maharashtra, India.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC&q=dakshina+bharat+jain+sabha&pg=PA368 |title=People of India: Maharashtra - Kumar Suresh Singh - Google Books |isbn=9788179911006 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Bhanu |first1=B. V. |year=2004 }}</ref> The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW8czr_HzzwC&q=South+Indian+Jain+Association&pg=PA235 |title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society - Google Books |date= 4 April 1991|isbn=9780521365055 |access-date=2013-01-30|last2=Carrithers |first2=Michael |last3=Humphrey |first3=Caroline }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdNNz1jcN9cC&q=South+Indian+Jain+Association&pg=PA72 |title=A World Religions Reader - Google Books |date= 26 May 2009|isbn=9781405171090 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Markham |first1=Ian S. |last2=Sapp |first2=Christy Lohr }}</ref> The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra ([[Marathi Jains]]) and Karnataka ([[Kannada Jains]]).
The [[Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha]] is a religious and social service organization of the [[Jainism|Jain]]s of South India. The organization is headquartered at [[Kolhapur]], Maharashtra, India.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC&q=dakshina+bharat+jain+sabha&pg=PA368 |title=People of India: Maharashtra - Kumar Suresh Singh - Google Books |isbn=9788179911006 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Bhanu |first1=B. V. |year=2004 }}</ref> The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW8czr_HzzwC&q=South+Indian+Jain+Association&pg=PA235 |title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society - Google Books |date= 4 April 1991|isbn=9780521365055 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Carrithers |first1=Michael |last2=Humphrey |first2=Caroline }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdNNz1jcN9cC&q=South+Indian+Jain+Association&pg=PA72 |title=A World Religions Reader - Google Books |date= 26 May 2009|isbn=9781405171090 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Markham |first1=Ian S. |last2=Sapp |first2=Christy Lohr }}</ref> The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra ([[Marathi Jains]]) and Karnataka ([[Kannada Jains]]).


==Jainism in Mumbai==
==Jainism in Mumbai==
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[[Mumbai]] has one of the largest populations of [[Jainism|Jains]] amongst all the cities in [[India]]. Mumbai also has numerous [[Jain temples]].
[[Mumbai]] has one of the largest populations of [[Jainism|Jains]] amongst all the cities in [[India]]. Mumbai also has numerous [[Jain temples]].


==Jain Tirthas and Temples==
{{multiple image
{{multiple image
| align = right
| align = right
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| width1 = 150
| width1 = 150
| alt1 =  
| alt1 =  
| caption1 = Painting Jain Ellora Caves
| caption1 = Painting inside ''Indra Sabha'' cave at [[Ellora Caves]]
| image2 = 2 Painting Jain Ellora Caves.jpg
| image2 = StatueOfAhimsa.jpg
| width2 = 150
| width2 = 200
| alt2 =  
| alt2 =  
| caption2 = Painting Jain Ellora Caves
| caption2 = ''[[Statue of Ahimsa]]'' - Largest Jain statue
| footer =  
| footer =  
}}
}}


==Jain Tirthas and Temples==
{{Jainism}}
* [[Ellora Caves#The Jain caves|Ellora Jain Caves]]
* [[Ellora Caves#The Jain caves|Ellora Jain Caves]]
* [[Mangi-Tungi]]
* [[Mangi-Tungi]]
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* [[Paithan#Paithan Jain Tirth|Paithan Jain Tirth]]
* [[Paithan#Paithan Jain Tirth|Paithan Jain Tirth]]
* [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park#Jain temple|Trimurti Digambar Jain Mandir]] in [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]], [[Borivali]]
* [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park#Jain temple|Trimurti Digambar Jain Mandir]] in [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]], [[Borivali]]
* [[Pimpri-Chinchwad#Tourism|Shree Mahavir Jain Temple]] in [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]] near pune
* [[Pimpri-Chinchwad#Parks, Recreation and Tourism|Shree Mahavir Jain Temple]] in [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]] near pune
* [[Ramtek]]
* [[Ramtek]]
* [[Osmanabad district#Tourism|Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kunthalgiri]], Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra
* [[Osmanabad district#Tourism|Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kunthalgiri]], Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra
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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
StatueOfAhimsa.jpg|''Statue Of Ahimsa'' - Largest Jain statue
File:Ellora-Jain-cave.jpg|Jain cave in [[Ellora]]
File:Ellora-Jain-cave.jpg|Jain cave in [[Ellora]]
File:Shri 1008 Shantinath Jain Temple.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain Teerth]], [[Indapur]], [[Pune]]
File:Shri 1008 Shantinath Jain Temple.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain Teerth]], [[Indapur]], [[Pune]]
File:Dharmachakra, lord mahaviras temple.jpg|Shree Dharmachakra Prabhav Tirth at [[Gajpanth]]
File:Dharmachakra, lord mahaviras temple.jpg|Shree Dharmachakra Prabhav Tirth at [[Gajpanth]]
File:Summit of Shantinath Jain Mandir, Ramtek. - panoramio.jpg|[[Ramtek|Shantinath Jain temple, Ramtek]]
File:Summit of Shantinath Jain Mandir, Ramtek. - panoramio.jpg|[[Ramtek|Shantinath Jain temple, Ramtek]]
File:BahubaliKumbhoj.JPG|Jain temple in [[Kumbhoj]]
File:Jain Pavapuri Jal Mandir Katraj Pune.JPG|Jain Pavapuri Jal Mandir in [[Katraj]], Pune
Jain Pavapuri Jal Mandir Katraj Pune.JPG|Jain Pavapuri Jal Mandir in [[Katraj]], Pune
File:Jain temple in bombay 3.jpg|Walkeshwar Jain temple in [[Jainism in Mumbai|Mumbai]]
File:Jain temple in bombay 3.jpg|Walkeshwar Jain temple in [[Jainism in Mumbai|Mumbai]]
File:Jain Temple located in Dadawadi.jpg|Dadabadi, [[Jalgaon]]
File:Jain Temple located in Dadawadi.jpg|Dadabadi, [[Jalgaon]]
Godiji.jpg|[[Godiji|Shri Godiji Parshwanth]], Mumbai
File:Godiji.jpg|[[Godiji|Shri Godiji Parshwanth]], Mumbai
Kachner.jpg|Idol of Lord Shri Parshvanath at Kachner
File:23rd Tirthankara Parshva Parsvanath Parshvanatha Jainism India.jpg|Idol of Lord Shri Parshvanath at Kachner
File:Lord_Mahaveer_at_dharashiv_cave.jpg|Lord Mahaveer at [[Dharashiv Caves]]
File:Lord_Mahaveer_at_dharashiv_cave.jpg|Lord Mahaveer at [[Dharashiv Caves]]
File:Hindi granth karyalay.JPG|Office of the [[Hindi Granth Karyalay]], Mumbai, publishers of books on Jainism
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Notable Marathi Jains==
==Notable Marathi Jains==
* [[Walchand Hirachand]]
* [[Ajit Gulabchand]]
* [[Akshar Kothari]]
* [[V. Shantaram]]
* [[V. Shantaram]]
* [[Sandhya Shantaram]]
* [[Sandhya Shantaram]]
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* [[Raju Shetti]]
* [[Raju Shetti]]
* [[Vidyadhar Johrapurkar]]
* [[Vidyadhar Johrapurkar]]
* Nirmalkumar Phadkule
* [[Nirmalkumar]] [[Phadkule]]
* [[Vilas Adinath Sangave]]
* [[Vilas Adinath Sangave]]
* [[Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale]]
* [[Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale]]
* [[Kallappa Awade|Kallapa Awade]]
*[[Rajendra Patil]]
*[[Justice Bhalchandra Vagyani]]
*[[Dhananjay Gunde]]


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 04:27, 17 May 2022


Jainism in Maharashtra
Indra Sabha, Ellora Caves
Regions with significant populations
 India
Maharashtra
Languages
Marathi and Kannada
Religion
Jainism
Part of a series on
Jainism
Jain prayers
Philosophy
Ethics
Major figures
Major sects
Jain Literature
Other
Festivals
Pilgrimages
Tirth

Jainism has been present in Maharashtra since ancient times. The famous Ellora Caves demonstrate that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times.

History

981 A.D. Marathi inscription at the foot of Bahubali statue at Jain temple in Shravanabelagola is one of the earliest known Marathi inscription found. It was derived from Jain-Prakrit language.

Jainism in Maharashtra has a long history. The oldest inscription in Maharashtra is a 2nd-century BC Jain inscription in a cave near Pale village in the Pune District. It was written in the Jain Prakrit and includes the Navkar Mantra. The first Marathi inscription known is at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka near the left foot of the statue of Bahubali, dated 981 CE.

Maharashtra was ruled many Jain rulers such as the Rashtrakuta dynasty and the Shilaharas. Many of forts were built by kings from these dynasties and thus Jain temples or their remains are found in them. Texts such as the Shankardigvijaya and Shivlilamruta suggest that a large number of Marathi peoplefollowed jainism in the ancient period.

Jain communities in present day Maharashtra

Office of the Hindi Granth Karyalay, Mumbai, publishers of books on Jainism
Kumbhoj Jain temple is seat for Bhattaraka

The native Jains of Maharashtra today are endogamous communities and generally do not intermarry with the Jains who have arrived from North India. They are all Digambaras and are divided into four large communities:

  • Saitwal, originally Tailors and Cloth Merchants
  • Chaturtha, originally agriculturists, now engaged in various professions
  • Panchama, various professions
  • Kasar, traditionally coppersmiths

In addition there are several smaller native Maharashtrian Jain communities.

  • Upajjhaya
  • Kamboja[1][2]
  • Harada
  • Jabade, Jain community in Maharashtra
  • Dhakad A small Jain community found primarily in Western Vidarbha districts of Akola, Yavatmal, Washim and Amravati.

Each of the four major communities led by its own spiritual leader (Bhattaraka), who heads a Matha.

Immigrant Jains have a large population in Maharashtra. Majority of them are from Rajasthan and Gujarat. Some of them are from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Some of these communities have been in Maharashtra for centuries, and are now indistinguishable from the native residents of Maharashtra. They are divided in following large groups:

Religious organizations

Main article: Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha

The Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha is a religious and social service organization of the Jains of South India. The organization is headquartered at Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.[3] The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India.[4][5] The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra (Marathi Jains) and Karnataka (Kannada Jains).

Jainism in Mumbai

Main article: Jainism in Mumbai

Mumbai has one of the largest populations of Jains amongst all the cities in India. Mumbai also has numerous Jain temples.

Jain Tirthas and Temples

Painting inside Indra Sabha cave at Ellora Caves
File:StatueOfAhimsa.jpg
Statue of Ahimsa - Largest Jain statue

Gallery

Notable Marathi Jains

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bhanu, B. V. (2004). People of India: Maharashtra - Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India - Google Boeken. ISBN 9788179911013. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  2. ↑ Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions - Syed Siraj Ul Hassan - Google Boeken. ISBN 9788120604889. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  3. ↑ Bhanu, B. V. (2004). People of India: Maharashtra - Kumar Suresh Singh - Google Books. ISBN 9788179911006. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  4. ↑ Carrithers, Michael; Humphrey, Caroline (4 April 1991). The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society - Google Books. ISBN 9780521365055. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  5. ↑ Markham, Ian S.; Sapp, Christy Lohr (26 May 2009). A World Religions Reader - Google Books. ISBN 9781405171090. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  6. ↑ Jahaj mandir Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

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