COVID-19 vaccination in India: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Plan to immunize against COVID-19}}
{{short description|Immunisation programme against COVID-19 in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox event
{{Infobox event
| title = COVID-19 vaccination program
| title = COVID-19 vaccination programme
| image = [[File:India Total Doses Administered by State.png|350px|]]
| native_name=
| caption = Per capita vaccination numbers for each state as of 26 April 2021 {{efn|Union territories of [[Ladakh]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] not represented properly in the map}}
| image = India Vaccination Map.jpg
| date = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|01|16}} – present
| caption = Per capita fully vaccination map as of 22 January 2022
| date     = {{Start date|df=y|2021|01|16}} – present<br> ({{ayd|2021|01|16}} ago)
| location = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| location = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| cause = [[COVID-19 pandemic]]
| cause   = [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
| target = Immunisation of Indians against COVID-19
| target   = Immunisation of Indians against COVID-19
| budget = {{INRConvert|35000|c}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Budget 2021: Two more coronavirus vaccines soon, reveals FM Nirmala Sitharaman|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget-2021/news/budget-2021-two-more-coronavirus-vaccines-soon-reveals-fm-nirmala-sitharaman/story/429820.html|url-status=live|access-date=13 March 2021|website=Businesstoday.in]}}</ref>
| budget   = {{INRConvert|35000|c}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Budget 2021: Two more coronavirus vaccines soon, reveals FM Nirmala Sitharaman|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget-2021/news/budget-2021-two-more-coronavirus-vaccines-soon-reveals-fm-nirmala-sitharaman/story/429820.html|url-status=live|access-date=13 March 2021|website=Businesstoday.in}}</ref>
| participants =  
| participants =  
* '''122,930,008''' people with at least one dose administered of [[BBV152|Covaxin]] or [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine]]<!-- Figures are written in Indian numeral system-->  
* '''1,012,558,641''' people with one dose administered of [[BBV152|Covaxin]] or [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine]] or [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]] <!-- Figures are written in Indian numeral system-->  
* '''24,897,359''' people have been fully vaccinated with a second dose of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine
* '''904,031,986''' people have been fully vaccinated with both doses of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V or Corbevax
* '''40,146,387''' people have been administered Precautionary/Booster doses of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V or Corbevax
| outcome =  
| outcome =  
* '''{{percentage| 122,930,008 |1,389,419,783}}''' of the Indian population has received at least one dose.
* '''{{percentage|1,012,558,641|1389419783}}''' of the Indian population has received one dose.
* '''{{percentage| 24,897,359 |1,389,419,783}}''' of the Indian population has received both doses
* '''{{percentage|904,031,986|1389419783}}''' of the Indian population has received both doses
| organisers = [[Government of India]] & [[State governments of India]]
| organisers = [[Government of India]]<br />[[Indian Council of Medical Research]] <br> [[State governments of India]]  
| website = {{URL|https://www.mohfw.gov.in/}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.mohfw.gov.in/}}, <br> {{URL|https://www.cowin.gov.in}}
}}
| notes  = As on 12th March 2022 (04:00PM)}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar|expanded=medical}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar|expanded=medical}}
[[COVID-19 pandemic in India|India]] began administration of '''COVID-19 vaccines''' on 16 January 2021. {{As of|2021|April|27}}, India has administered 147,827,367 doses overall, including first and second does of the currently-approved vaccines.<ref>
[[India]] began administration of '''[[COVID-19 vaccine]]s''' on 16 January 2021. {{As of|2022|June|17}}, India has administered over '''1.9 billion''' doses overall, including first, second and precautionary (booster) doses of the currently approved vaccines.<ref name="mohfw">
{{Cite web|title=Vaccination state wise|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/|access-date=2021-04-24|publisher=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare}}({{N.b.}}The data on this site changes daily)
{{Cite web|title=Vaccination state wise|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/|access-date=2022-06-17|publisher=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare}}({{N.b.}}The data on this site changes daily)
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|title=Vaccination Statistics|url=https://www.moderngroup.in/post/here-s-everything-you-need-to-know-about-covid-19-vaccination-latest-statistics|access-date=2021-03-21|website=www.moderngroup.in}}</ref>
{{Cite web|title=Vaccination Statistics|url=https://vaccinate-india.in/dashboard|access-date=2022-05-25|website=vaccinate-india.in}}</ref> In India, '''{{percentage|1,012,558,641|1084173000}}''' of the eligible population (12+) has received at least one shot, and '''{{percentage|904,031,986|1084173000}}''' of the eligible population (12+) is fully vaccinated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 Vaccination in India|url=https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in/|website=Cowin|language=en}}</ref><ref name="vaccinate-india" />


Two vaccines received approval for emergency use in India at the onset of the program, including Covishield (a version of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine]] manufactured by the [[Serum Institute of India]]), and [[BBV152|Covaxin]] (developed by [[Bharat Biotech]]). In April 2021, [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]] was approved as a third vaccine, with deployment expected to begin by late-May 2021.
India initially approved the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine]] (manufactured under license by [[Serum Institute of India]] under the trade name Covishield) and [[BBV152|Covaxin]] (a vaccine developed locally by [[Bharat Biotech]]). They have since been joined by the [[Sputnik V vaccine|Sputnik V]] (manufactured under license by [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]], with additional production from Serum Institute of India being started in September<ref>{{cite news |title=Serum Institute gets DCGI's nod to manufacture Covid vaccine Sputnik V in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/serum-institute-gets-dcgi-s-nod-to-manufacture-covid-vaccine-sputnik-v-in-india-report-11622818500423.html |work=mint |date=2021-06-04 |language=en}}</ref><ref>rdif.ru: [https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6934/ ''press release'']</ref>), [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna vaccines]], [[Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine|Johnson & Johnson vaccine]] and [[ZyCoV-D]] (a vaccine locally developed by [[Zydus Cadila]]){{efn|Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and Zydus Cadila are not yet under distribution}}{{efn|Zydus Cadila is the only vaccine to been approved for children above 12 years}} and other vaccine candidates undergoing local clinical trials.


== Vaccination program ==
According to a June 2022 study published in ''[[The Lancet]]'', COVID-19 vaccination in India prevented an additional 4.2 million deaths from December 8, 2020, to December 8, 2021.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watson |first=Oliver J |last2=Barnsley |first2=Gregory |last3=Toor |first3=Jaspreet |last4=Hogan |first4=Alexandra B |last5=Winskill |first5=Peter |last6=Ghani |first6=Azra C |date=2022-06-23 |title=Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00320-6 |journal=[[The Lancet Infectious Diseases]] |doi=10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00320-6 |issn=1473-3099 |pmc=9225255}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=COVID-19 vaccines saved nearly 20 million lives in a year, study says |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-19-vaccine-saved-nearly-20-million-lives-in-a-year-study-says/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
== Vaccination programme ==
===Cumulative doses administered across the country===
Total doses administered across the country as of June 17, 2022 <ref name="CoWIN" /><ref name="vaccinate-india" />
{{Bar chart
| title =
| class = wikitable
| label_type  = Dose
| data_type  = Vaccination (Percentage of eligible population vaccinated)
| data_max = 1013016000
| label1 = Partially Vaccinated | data1 = 1,01,25,58,641 | comment1 = 93.39 
| label2 = Fully Vaccinated | data2 = 90,40,31,986 | comment2 = 83.38 
| label3 = Precautionary(Booster) Dose | data3 = 4,01,46,387
}}
 
Monthly graph of cumulative doses administered across the country


=== Progress summary ===
'''Graph of cumulative doses administered across the country'''
<center>
{{legend inline| #DC143C |Total vaccination doses administered across the country}}
{{legend inline| #FFD700 | vaccinated (1st dose only)}}
{{legend inline| #32CD32 | Fully vaccinated}}{{efn|Recipients have received both doses}}
</center>
{{Graph:Chart
{{Graph:Chart
  | width = 550
| width=600
  | height = 300
| height=250
  | xAxisTitle = Date
| xAxisTitle=Month
  | xAxisAngle = -45
| yAxisTitle=Vaccination
  | yAxisTitle = No. of doses
| legend=Legend
  | yAxisMin = 0
| type=area
  | type = line
| x=Jan-2021,Feb-2021,Mar-2021,Apr-2021,May-2021,Jun-2021,Jul-2021,Aug-2021,Sep-2021,Oct-2021,Nov-2021,Dec-2021,Jan-2022,Feb-2022,Mar-2022,Apr-2022,May-2022,Jun-2022
  | showSymbols = 1
| y1=3758843,11845075,55783201,125376952,167191085,271410023,359820313,497002083,648949043,733542729,789054196,845640601,943027714,965733580,988846975,1003162202,1011329919,1013988367
  | yType = number
| y2=0,2456191,9334695,26621155,43258810,57748116,101698166,147797142,237476249,329088622,448000946,603224821,709926447,790556254,831238996,858800580,888628256,901971812
  | xGrid = true
| y1Title= Partially vaccinated (1st dose)
  | yGrid = true
| y2Title= Fully vaccinated (2nd dose)
  | xType = date
| xAxisAngle = -45
| x = <!-- January 2021 --> 16 January 2021, 17 January 2021, 18 January 2021, 19 January 2021, 20 January 2021, 21 January 2021, 22 January 2021, 23 January 2021, 24 January 2021, 25 January 2021, 26 January 2021, 27 January 2021, 28 January 2021, 29 January 2021, 30 January 2021, 31 January 2021, <!-- February 2021 --> 1 February 2021, 2 February 2021, 3 February 2021, 4 February 2021, 5 February 2021, 6 February 2021, 7 February 2021, 8 February 2021, 9 February 2021, 10 February 2021, 11 February 2021, 12 February 2021, 13 February 2021, 14 February 2021, 15 February 2021, 16 February 2021, 17 February 2021, 18 February 2021, 19 February 2021, 20 February 2021, 21 February 2021, 22 February 2021, 23 February 2021, 24 February 2021, 25 February 2021, 26 February 2021, 27 February 2021, 28 February 2021, <!-- March 2021 --> 1 March 2021, 2 March 2021, 3 March 2021, 4 Mar 2021, 5 Mar 2021, 6 Mar 2021, 7 Mar 2021, 8 Mar 2021, 9 Mar 2021, 10 Mar 2021, 11 Mar 2021, 12 Mar 2021, 13 Mar 2021, 14 Mar 2021, 15 Mar 2021, 16 Mar 2021, 17 Mar 2021, 18 Mar 2021, 19 Mar 2021, 20 Mar 2021, 21 Mar 2021, 22 Mar 2021, 23 Mar 2021, 24 Mar 2021, 25 Mar 2021, 26 Mar 2021, 27 Mar 2021, 28 Mar 2021, 29 Mar 2021, 30 Mar 2021, 31 Mar 2021, <!-- April 2021 --> 1 Apr 2021, 2 Apr 2021, 4 Apr 2021, 5 Apr 2021, 6 Apr 2021, 7 Apr 2021, 8 Apr 2021, 9 Apr 2021, 10 Apr 2021, 11 Apr 2021, 12 Apr 2021, 13 Apr 2021, 14 Apr 2021, 15 Apr 2021, 16 Apr 2021, 17 Apr 2021, 18 Apr 2021, 19 Apr 2021, 20 Apr 2021, 21 Apr 2021, 22 Apr 2021, 23 Apr 2021, 24 Apr 2021, 25 Apr 2021, 26 Apr 2021, 27 Apr 2021
| interpolate=monotone
| colors=#80add8e6, #402af820
| yGrid=true
| yType=number
}}


<!-- PLEASE UPDATE BOTH FIRST & SECOND DOSE SIMULTANEOUSLY -->
===Graph of daily doses administered across the country===


|y1=191181,224301,454049,631000,806484,1043534,1272097,1390592,1582201,1950183,2094240,2328779,2847608,3500027,3744334,3758843,3950156,4138918,4495520,4959445,5416849,5775322,5812362,6259008,6611561,7017114,7505010,7967647,8263858,8285295,8720822,8999230,9422228,10188007,10715204,11085173,11116854,11745552,12165598,12671163,13067047,13472643,14242547,14301266,14854136,15620749,16616048,18005503,19497704,20922344,20989010,23008733,24367906,25686011,26164920,28218457,29738409,29908038,32947432,35064536,37143255,39339817,42063392,44603841,45065998,48494594,50841286,53145709,55504440,58109773,60269782,60530435,61113354,63054353,65117896,68789138,73054295,79105163,83110926,87077474,90198673,94334262,98075160,101595147,104528565,108533085,111179578,114493238,117223509,119937641,122622590,123852566,127129113,130119310,132330644,135478420,138379832,140916417,141911223,145271186,147827367
Graph of daily doses administered. Last updated: June 17, 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/blob/master/public/data/vaccinations/country_data/India.csv|title = Our World in Data - Covid-19 Vaccination | date = 17 June 2022}}</ref>
<div>
{{legend inline| #FFD700 | Daily vaccinations (1st dose only)}}
{{legend inline| #32CD32 | Daily vaccinations (2nd dose only)}}
</div>
<div style="width:100%; overflow-x: scroll;">
{{Graph:Chart
| width=6000 | height=260
| xAxisTitle=Date
| yAxisTitle=Vaccination
| legend=Legend
| type=stackedrect
| 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| y2Title=Fully Vaccinated
| colors=#f1c40f, #27ae60
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</div>


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===Vaccine administration by Gender===


|y3=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7668,98118,216339,342116,464932,756942,873940,960642,1115542,1321635,1481754,1860859,2204083,2453878,2456191,2597799,2713978,2876927,3208668,3501021,3754041,3761107,4065450,4363679,4650530,4729079,5142953,5430774,5455653,5867948,6202499,6542468,6913587,7221362,7478654,7491696,7863441,8109334,8299171,8502968,8683155,8828346,8870201,8901956,9065318,9334695,9640340,9972706,10426325,10833617,11140459,11435646,11877740,12311308,12709186,12941165,13490046,13877664,14314039,14874254,15529157,16191514,16480796,17469932,18473418,19183048,20404957,21443345,22336093,22645437,23910177,24897359
Vaccinations in India by Gender as of June 17, 2022<ref name="CoWIN">{{Cite web|url=https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in|title = CoWIN Dashboard | date = 17 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="vaccinate-india">{{Cite web|url=https://vaccinate-india.in/dashboard|title = Covid-19 Vaccination in India | date = 17 June 2022}}</ref>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{{Graph:Chart
| width=100
| height=100
| type=pie
| innerRadius=40
| legend=Gender
| x=Male,Female,Others
| y1=975462145, 938113507, 463456
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top">
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; border:1px solid #c0c0c0; width:400px"
|-
! scope=col style="width:10em;" | Gender
! scope=col | Vaccination
|-
| scope=row | Male
| style="text-align:right" | 97,54,62,145
|-
| scope=row | Female
| style="text-align:right" | 93,81,13,507
|-
| scope=row | Others
| style="text-align:right" | 4,63,456
|}
</div>
 
===Vaccine administration by vaccine brand===


| y1Title= vaccinated (commutative dose)
Vaccinations in India by Vaccine Brand as of June 17, 2022 <ref name="CoWIN" /><ref name="vaccinate-india" />
| y2Title= vaccinated (1st dose)
<div style=display:inline-table>{{Graph:Chart
| y3Title= Fully vaccinated (2nd dose)
| width=100
| colors = #DC143C, #FFD700, #32CD32
| height=100
| type=pie
| innerRadius=40
| legend=Brand
| x=Covishield, Covaxin, Sputnik V, Corbevax, Covovax
| y1=1568095059, 327819340, 1224641, 56057093, 5581
}}
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top">
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; border:1px solid #c0c0c0; width:400px"
|-
! scope=col style="width:10em;" | Brand
! scope=col | Vaccination
|-
| scope=row | Covishield
| style="text-align:right" | 1,56,80,95,059
|-
| scope=row | Covaxin
| style="text-align:right" | 32,78,19,340
|-
| scope=row | Sputnik V
| style="text-align:right" | 12,24,641
|-
| scope=row | Corbevax
| style="text-align:right" | 5,60,57,093
|-
| scope=row | Covovax
| style="text-align:right" | 5,581
|}
</div>
===Vaccine administration by age group===


{{Bar box
Vaccinations in India by Age Group as of June 17, 2022 <ref name="CoWIN" /><ref name="vaccinate-india" />
|title=Total number of male and female receiving vaccinations in India as of April 26, 2021 <ref name="auto9">{{Cite web|title=Co-Win Statistics |url=https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=cowin.gov.in|language=en}}({{N.b.}}The data on this site changes daily)</ref>
<div style=display:inline-table>{{Graph:Chart
|titlebar=#DDD
| width=100
|left1='''Gender'''
| height=100
|right2='''Figures'''
| type=pie
|width=400px
| innerRadius=40
|bars=
| legend=Age Group
{{bar pixel|Male|#87CEFA |63,354|,421}}
| x=12-14, 15-17, 18-44, 45-60, 60+
{{bar pixel|Female|#FF69B4 |57,969|,994}}
| y1=56057044, 107494435, 1102270060, 412516670, 271080332
{{bar pixel|Other|#8FBC8F |15|,769}}
|caption=
}}
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top">
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; border:1px solid #c0c0c0; width:400px"
|-
! scope=col style="width:10em;" | Age Group
! scope=col | Vaccination
|-
| scope=row | 12-14
| style="text-align:right" | 5,60,57,044
|-
| scope=row | 15-17
| style="text-align:right" | 10,74,94,435
|-
| scope=row | 18-44
| style="text-align:right" | 1,10,22,70,060
|-
| scope=row | 45-60
| style="text-align:right" | 41,25,16,670
|-
| scope=row | 60+
| style="text-align:right" | 27,10,80,332
|}
</div>


'''Vaccine distribution'''
===States by Vaccine Coverage===
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE GRAPH PARAMETERS -->
{{update|date=March 2022}}
Vaccines distributed listed in million {{small|as of 26 April 2021}}<ref name="auto9"/>
{{Quote box|quote=[[File:Note icon.svg|30px]] (as of 15 September {{small|(7:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]])}})}}
{{#invoke:Chart | bar-chart
{{Graph:Chart
| height = 350
| width=1000 | height=300
| width = 300
| xAxisTitle=State/UT
| stack = 1
| yAxisTitle= Million(s)
| group 1 = 131.4: 0
| legend=Leading States in vaccination
| group 2 = 0: 13.3
| type=stackedrect
| colors =  #3CB371: #00CED1
| x=Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, West Bengal, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Odisha, Assam, Telangana, Haryana
| group names = Covishield : Covaxin
| y1= 74.5, 49.9, 38.5, 42.1, 37.7, 35.5, 34.3, 37.9, 31.9, 24.4, 22.8, 19.5, 16.7, 14.4, 14.1
| units suffix =  
| y2= 15.2, 18.9, 14.4, 10.0, 12.9, 12.6, 13.7, 8.18, 8.27, 10.9, 9.05, 6.54, 3.86, 5.50, 5.03
| x legends = : 
| y1Title=First Dose
  | y2Title=Second Dose
  | colors= #aef359,#3ded97
}}
}}


{{Bar chart
===Number of Vaccination Centres===
| title       = Vaccination by age group as of 24 April 2021<ref name="auto9"/>
{{Quote box
| label_type  = Age group
| title = Sites conducting vaccination in India<br>[[File:Emojione BW 1F3E5.svg|50px]][[File:Vaccine - The Noun Project.svg|25px]]
| data_type  = Population
| quote = '''{{big|Total-1,12,700}}'''<br>{{big|'''•'''}} Government{{refn|name=gov|group=fn|All government run vaccination centers provide free of cost vaccines}} — 1,10,000 <br> {{big|'''•'''}} Private{{refn|name=prv|group=fn|Vaccination Centres/facilities charge as per dose}}  — 2,700
| bar_width  = 35
| align = center
| width_units = em
| width = 100
| data_max    = 200000000
| author = Source: CoWin Dashboard<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in/ |title=CoWIN dashboard}}</ref>
| label1  = 18-30
| data1    = 4,574,348
| label2  = 30-45
| data2    = 9,877,839
| label3  = 45-60
| data3    = 55,206,972
| label4  = over 60
| data4    = 51,559,832
}}
}}
Citizens above the age of 15 can book appointments through the COWIN platform or can do a Walk-In registration on site.
All vaccine centres have registration desks, vaccine booths and observation rooms.
Vaccine certificates can be downloaded digitally through the COWIN platform, or citizens can ask for a hard copy from vaccination centres.
All government run vaccination centers provide free of cost vaccines, private centers do charge.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cowin.gov.in/ |title=CoWIN}}</ref>


==Background and timeline==
==Background and timeline==
[[File:COVID-19_vaccination_in_Delhi_IMG_20210409_100923.jpg|thumb|A vaccination centre in Delhi.]]
[[File:COVID-19_vaccination_in_Delhi_IMG_20210409_100923.jpg|thumb|A vaccination centre in Delhi.]]
In September 2020, India's science minister [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]] stated that the country planned to approve and begin distribution of a vaccine by the first quarter of 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Expect Covid-19 vaccine by early next year, will take first shot if any trust deficit: Vardhan|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/covid-vaccine-likely-by-early-2021-for-old-high-risk-first-harsh-vardhan/articleshow/78091084.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2020-09-13|access-date=2020-09-13}}</ref> The first recipients were to be 30 million health workers directly dealing with COVID patients.<ref>{{Cite news|location=New Delhi|last=Kaul|first=Rhythma|title=30 Million Frontline Workers To Get Covid-19 Vaccine In Phase 1|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/30-million-frontline-workers-to-get-covid-19-vaccine-in-phase-1/story-W76e1pJ7toA4aod3hH234O.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=2020-10-21|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>
[[File:India's COVID19 vaccination deployment till 3 June 2021.png|thumb|400x400px|India's COVID-19 vaccination deployment until 3 June]]
 
=== First Phase, initial approvals, launch of vaccination programme ===
In September 2020, India's Health minister [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]] stated that the country planned to approve and begin distribution of a vaccine by the first quarter of 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Expect Covid-19 vaccine by early next year, will take first shot if any trust deficit: Vardhan|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/covid-vaccine-likely-by-early-2021-for-old-high-risk-first-harsh-vardhan/articleshow/78091084.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2020-09-13|access-date=2020-09-13}}</ref> The first recipients were to be 30 million health workers directly dealing with COVID patients.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kaul|first=Rhythma|date=2020-10-21|title=30 Million Frontline Workers To Get Covid-19 Vaccine In Phase 1|newspaper=Hindustan Times|location=New Delhi|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/30-million-frontline-workers-to-get-covid-19-vaccine-in-phase-1/story-W76e1pJ7toA4aod3hH234O.html|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>
 
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Covishield (2021) K (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Bharat Biotech Covaxin Bangalore BESTpedia.jpg
| direction = vertical
| caption1 = A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
| caption2 = A vial of Covaxin
}}
[[File:Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India.jpg|thumb|Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India]]
On 1 January 2021, the [[Drug Controller General of India]] (DCGI) approved emergency use of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine]] (local trade name "Covishield").<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-01-03|title=Coronavirus: India approves vaccines from Bharat Biotech and Oxford/AstraZeneca|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55520658|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Beaumont|first=Peter|date=2021-03-24|title=Delhi reportedly halts AstraZeneca Covid vaccine exports as cases soar|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/24/delhi-reportedly-halts-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-exports-as-cases-soar|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324163404/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/24/delhi-reportedly-halts-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-exports-as-cases-soar |archive-date=24 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-06|title=Why is the EU unhappy with AstraZeneca?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/56483766|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref>  On 2 January, the DCGI also granted an interim emergency use authorisation to [[BBV152]] (trade name "Covaxin"), a domestic vaccine developed by [[Bharat Biotech]] in association with the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] and [[National Institute of Virology]].<ref>{{cite news|date=2 January 2021|title=Expert panel recommends Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for restricted emergency use|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/expert-panel-clears-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-amid-uk-virus-strain-what-you-need-to-know-3240500.html}}</ref> This approval was met with some concern, as the vaccine had not then completed phase 3 clinical trials.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Prasad|first=R|date=2020-01-15|title=Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/vaccine-dilemma-to-take-or-not-to-take-covaxin/article33577223.ecel}}</ref> Due to this status, those receiving Covaxin were required to sign a consent form,<ref name="TH335873772">{{Cite news|first=Bindu Shajan|last=Perappadan|date=2020-01-16|title=Covaxin recipients asked to sign consent form on 'clinical trial mode'|newspaper=The Hindu|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-bharat-biotech-to-pay-compensation-if-covaxin-vaccine-causes-side-effects/article33587377.ece}}</ref> while some states chose to relegate Covaxin to a "buffer stock" and primarily distribute Covishield.<ref name="TH335772232">{{Cite news|last=Prasad|first=R|date=2020-01-15|title=Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/vaccine-dilemma-to-take-or-not-to-take-covaxin/article33577223.ece}}</ref> [[File:COVID-19 vaccination roll out in AIIMS, New Delhi, India on 16 Jan 2021.jpg|thumb|COVID-19 vaccination roll out in AIIMS, New Delhi, India on 16 January 2021]]
India began its vaccination programme on 16 January 2021, operating 3,006 vaccination centres on the onset.<ref name="TH33582069">{{Cite news|author=|date=2021-01-15|title=World's largest vaccination programme begins in India on January 16|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-worlds-largest-vaccination-programme-begins-in-india-on-january-16/article33582069.ece|access-date=2021-01-16}}</ref> Each vaccination centre will offer either Covishield or Covaxin, but not both.<ref name="TH33577223">{{Cite news|last=Prasad|first=R|date=2020-01-15|title=Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/vaccine-dilemma-to-take-or-not-to-take-covaxin/article33577223.ece|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> 165,714 people were vaccinated on the first day of availability. Difficulties in uploading beneficiary lists at some sites caused delays.<ref name="TH33588904">{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-01-16|title=No case of post-vaccination hospitalisation reported so far: Health Ministry|newspaper=The Hindu|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/no-case-of-post-vaccination-hospitalisation-reported-so-far-health-ministry/article33588904.ece|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> In the first three days, 631,417 people were vaccinated. Of these, 0.18% reported side-effects and nine people (0.002%) were admitted to hospitals for observation and treatment.<ref name="TH33610589">{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-01-19|title=Over six lakh vaccinated so far|newspaper=The Hindu|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-of-those-vaccinated-018-were-adverse-events-says-govt/article33610589.ece|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref><ref name="MBM5370606">{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-01-19|title=കോവിഡ് വാക്‌സിനേഷന്‍: പാര്‍ശ്വഫലമുണ്ടായത്‌ 0.18% പേരില്‍, ആശുപത്രിയില്‍ പ്രവേശിപ്പിച്ചത് 0.002% പേരെ|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/covid-19-of-those-vaccinated-0-18-pc-were-adverse-events-says-govt-1.5370606|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> Within those first days, there were concerns about low turnout, due to a combination of vaccine safety concerns, technical problems with the software used, and misinformation.<ref name="GRDN001">{{Cite news|first1=Hannah|last1=Ellis-Peterson|first2=Amrit|last2=Dhillon|date=2020-01-20|title=Indian hesitancy sets back world's biggest Covid vaccination drive|newspaper=The Guardian|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/20/indian-hesitancy-sets-back-worlds-biggest-covid-vaccination-drive|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
 
The first phase of the rollout involved health workers and frontline workers, including police, paramilitary forces, sanitation workers, and disaster management volunteers.<ref name="TH33582069" /> By 1 March, only 14 million healthcare and frontline workers had been vaccinated, falling short of the original goal of 30 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allana|first=Alia|date=2021-03-15|title=Opinion {{!}} How Do You Vaccinate 1.3 Billion People?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/15/opinion/india-covid-vaccine.html|access-date=2021-03-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 
=== Second phase ===
The next phase of the vaccine rollout covered all residents over the age of 60, residents between the ages of 45 and 60 with one or more qualifying [[Comorbidity|comorbidities]], and any health care or frontline worker that did not receive a dose during phase 1. Online registration began on 1 March via the [[Aarogya Setu]] app and Co-WIN ("Winning over COVID-19") website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus Registration for next phase of vaccination on Co-WIN 2.0 portal to open on March 1|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/coronavirus-registration-for-next-phase-of-vaccination-on-co-win-20-portal-to-open-on-march-1/article33955656.ece?homepage=true|newspaper=The Hindu|date = 28 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Citizen Registration and Appointment for Vaccination|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/UserManualCitizenRegistration&AppointmentforVaccination.pdf|website=mohfw.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=All above 60 years of age, 45-plus with comorbidities can get COVID-19 vaccine from March 1|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/all-60-citizens-all-45-people-with-comorbidities-to-get-free-covid-shots-at-govt-facilities-from-march-1/articleshow/81189171.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> Amid the beginnings of a major second wave of infections in the country,<ref name=":13">{{Cite news|date=2021-04-20|title=Covid-19 vaccination: How is India's inoculation drive going|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56345591|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=India reports new record of 103,558 daily Covid cases, as second wave and new lockdowns hit|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/05/india/india-second-wave-covid-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405115605/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/05/india/india-second-wave-covid-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=5 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Yeung|first1=Jessie|last2=Sud|first2=Vedika|date=21 April 2021|title=India's second Covid wave hits like a 'tsunami' as hospitals buckle under weight|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/india/india-covid-hospital-shortage-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-21|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421064014/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/india/india-covid-hospital-shortage-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=21 April 2021 }}</ref>  vaccine exports were suspended in March 2021, and the government ordered 110 million Covishield doses from SII.<ref name="FT vaccine shortage">[https://amp.ft.com/content/01784671-3834-49d8-9640-fc5d95f92eaf?__twitter_impression=true India's vaccine shortage will last months, biggest manufacturer warns], Financial Times, 3 May 2021.</ref> The company aims to produce 100 million doses per month, but by May 2021 its production capacity was only 60–70 million doses.<ref name="Hindu already produced">{{Cite news|author=PTI|date=2020-12-28|title=Already produced 40-50 million dosages of Covishield vaccine, says Serum Institute|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/already-produced-40-50-million-dosages-of-covishield-vaccine-says-serum-institute/article33438655.ece}}</ref><ref name="CNBC vaccine shortage">[https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/05/why-covid-vaccine-producer-india-faces-major-shortage-of-doses.html India is the home of the world's biggest producer of Covid vaccines. But it's facing a major internal shortage], CNBC, 5 May 2021.</ref> Following the conclusion of its trial, the DCGI issued a standard emergency use authorisation to Covaxin on 11 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Leo|first=Leroy|date=2021-03-11|title=DCGI removes Covaxin out of 'clinical trial mode'|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/dcgi-removes-covaxin-out-of-clinical-trial-mode-11615473577621.html|access-date=2021-05-13|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
 
From 1 April, eligibility was extended to all residents over the age of 45.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-03|title=CoWin Upgrade, 50 lakh Daily Target: What to Expect As India Vaccinates Citizens Above 45|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/covid-19-vaccination-for-everyone-above-45-years-starts-from-april-1-heres-all-you-need-to-know-3591725.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref> On 8 April, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] called for a four-day ''Teeka Utsav'' ("Vaccine Festival") from 11 to 14 April, with a goal to increase the pace of the program by vaccinating as many eligible residents as possible. By the end of the ''Utsav'', India had reached a total of over 111 million vaccine doses to-date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PM Modi calls for 'Vaccine Utsav' from April 11–14; Aghadi split over vaccine stock; more|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/programme/news-today/video/vaccine-utsav-pm-modi-aghadi-vaccine-stock-1788840-2021-04-08|access-date=2021-04-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-12|title=Tika Utsav: India to inoculate citizens on day 2 of 'vaccination festival' today|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tika-utsav-india-to-inoculate-citizens-on-day-2-of-vaccination-festival-today-101618185848401.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Tika Utsav: India's COVID-19 vaccination coverage exceeds 11 crore mark|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/tika-utsav-indias-covid-19-vaccination-coverage-exceeds-11-crore-mark/articleshow/82063145.cms|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>
 
=== Third phase, Sputnik V approval ===
On 12 April, the DCGI approved Russia's [[Sputnik V]] vaccine for emergency use in India. A phase 3 trial was conducted in the country in September 2020, which showed 91.6% efficacy.<ref name="sputnik">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-12|title=Experts clear Russia's Sputnik Covid-19 vaccine for use in India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-approves-russia-s-covid-19-vaccine-sputnik-v-101618220595374.html|access-date=2021-04-15|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The local distributor [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]] stated that it planned to have the vaccine in India by late May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-26|title=EXCLUSIVE India to get Russia's Sputnik V vaccine only by end-May|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/exclusive-india-get-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-only-by-end-may-2021-04-22/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=reuters}}</ref>
 
On 19 April, it was announced that the next phase of the vaccination programme would begin on 1 May, extending eligibility to all residents over the age of 18. Under phase 3, individual stakeholders were also given more flexibility in how they conduct the vaccination programme. As part of this plan, only half of the vaccines procured by the Central Drugs Laboratory from manufacturers would be distributed by the central government. This supply would go to government-run clinics and be offered free-of-charge to residents 45 and over and priority workers and siphoned off to states based on factors such as the number of active cases and how quickly they are administering vaccines. The remainder would be offered to individual states and purchased on the open market (including private hospitals), which would be able to serve residents over the age of 18.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title=India announces next phase of Covid-19 vaccination, all above 18 yrs eligible|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-announces-next-phase-of-covid-vaccination-all-above-18-yrs-eligible-11618839943036.html|access-date=2021-05-28|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Koshy|first1=Jacob|title=Vaccines for all above 18 from May 1; States can buy directly|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/from-may-1-everyone-over-18-years-eligible-for-covid-19-vaccination-government/article34359940.ece|access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 April 2021|title=COVID-19 vaccine for all above age of 18 years from May 1; states can buy vaccines directly from manufacturers|work=Times Now News|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/covid-19-vaccine-for-all-above-age-of-18-years-from-may-1-govt/747024|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref>
 
Registration for the next phase began on 28 April; a single-day record of nearly 13.3 million people registered.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Around 1.33 Crore Apply For Covid Vaccination: 10 Points|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vaccinatoion-cowin-27-lakh-hits-per-minute-government-sources-on-vaccine-registration-2423760|access-date=2021-05-01|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Due to supply issues, several states, including Delhi, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh announced that they would delay their wider rollouts of vaccines to later in the month.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Yeung|first1=Jessie|last2=Suri|first2=Manveena|title=Every adult in India is now eligible for Covid vaccine shots, but some states say they have none to offer|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/01/india/india-covid-vaccine-rollout-delay-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-05-01|website=CNN}}</ref>
 
The initial shipment of 150,000 Sputnik V doses arrived on 1 May, and began to be administered on 14 May.<ref name="NDTV Sputnik V">{{citation|title=Watch: Russia's Sputnik V, 3rd Vaccine For India, Arrives In Hyderabad|date=1 May 201|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/russias-sputnik-v-3rd-vaccine-in-india-arrives-in-hyderabad-2425948|newspaper=NDTV}}</ref><ref name="Hindu Sputnik V">{{citation|title=1.5 lakh doses of Sputnik V land in India|date=1 May 2021|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-gets-first-consignment-of-sputnik-v-vaccine-from-russia/article34458233.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Kumar|first1=N. Ravi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=N. Ravi|date=2021-05-14|title=Sputnik roll out begins, to cost ₹995 per dose|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dr-reddy-administers-first-dose-of-sputnik-v-vaccine-in-india/article34555225.ece|access-date=2021-05-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> An estimated 156 million doses is expected between August and December; initially, doses will be sourced from Russia, but domestic production is expected to begin by August 2021.<ref name="toi-20210522">{{cite news|date=22 May 2021|title=Sputnik V Covid-19 vaccine production in India to start in August|newspaper=The Times of India|location=New Delhi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sputnik-v-covid-19-vaccine-production-in-india-to-start-in-august/articleshow/82854393.cms|access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bharadwaj|first=Swati|title=Sputnik V manufacturing in India to begin after EUA nod|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sputnik-v-manufacturing-in-india-to-begin-after-eua-nod/articleshow/81995019.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-28|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409225934/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sputnik-v-manufacturing-in-india-to-begin-after-eua-nod/articleshow/81995019.cms |archive-date=9 April 2021 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-15|title=Sputnik launched in Hyderabad at ₹995 a dose|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sputnik-launched-in-hyderabad-at-rs-995-a-dose-101621026665762.html|access-date=2021-05-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
 
On 13 May, the DCGI approved phase 2 and phase 3 trials of Covaxin on children 2–18.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-13|title=DCGI approves Covaxin clinical trials for children aged 2-18 years|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-dcgi-approves-covaxin-clinical-trials-for-children-aged-2-18-years-covid-19-vaccination-2890096|access-date=2021-05-13|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> On 14 May, health officials projected that based on the anticipated approval of additional vaccine options, it could receive at least 2.17 billion more vaccine doses from August to December 2021.<ref name="dey1">{{Cite news|last=Dey|first=Sushmi|date=14 May 2021|title=Government vows vaccine push, says will get 217 crore shots from August to December|publisher=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/government-vows-vaccine-push-says-will-get-217-crore-shots-from-august-to-december/articleshow/82620912.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210516114902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/government-vows-vaccine-push-says-will-get-217-crore-shots-from-august-to-december/articleshow/82620912.cms|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sensharma|first=Aalok|date=14 May 2021|title=From Intranasal to Covovax, India pins hopes on 5 more COVID-19 vaccines as 2nd wave wreaks havoc|work=Jagran|location=New Delhi|url=https://english.jagran.com/india/covid19-vaccine-updates-covovax-intranasal-gennova-zydus-cadila-biological-e-covaxin-covishield-sputnik-v-serum-insititute-bharat-biotech-10026672|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210516114335/https://english.jagran.com/india/covid19-vaccine-updates-covovax-intranasal-gennova-zydus-cadila-biological-e-covaxin-covishield-sputnik-v-serum-insititute-bharat-biotech-10026672|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=16 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 May, India exceeded 200 million vaccine doses administered in total.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-26|title= 200 million vaccine doses administered in India|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/200-million-vaccine-doses-administered-in-india-101621968424709.html |access-date=2021-05-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> On 3 June, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare pre-ordered 300 million doses of a potential fourth vaccine, [[Corbevax]], which is undergoing phase 3 clinical trials.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2021-06-03|title=Health ministry buys 300 mn doses of Biological-E's Covid vaccine in advance|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/health-ministry-buys-300-mn-doses-of-biological-e-s-covid-vaccine-in-advance-101622691849144.html|access-date=2021-06-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
 
On 23 May, the union government allowed walk-in registrations for vaccination throughout the country; a health worker at the vaccination centre would register the recipient in the Co-win vaccination database. The government claimed in an affidavit to the Supreme Court that as of June 23 about 78 per cent of vaccines had been administered via walk-in registration.<ref name='ndtv-walkin'>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-question-of-anyone-being-left-out-of-covid-vaccination-due-to-digital-divide-centre-tells-court-2473258 |title=No Question Of Anyone Being Left Out Of Covid Vaccination Due To Digital Divide, Centre Tells Court |date=2021-06-27 |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=NDTV |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
 
=== Return to centralised procurement ===
On 31 May, an [[affidavit]] was issued in the [[Supreme Court of India]] requesting a review of the central government's vaccine distribution strategy, suggesting that the decision to only offer doses at no charge to priority workers and residents over the age of 45 was "prima facie arbitrary and irrational".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-03|title=Supreme Court asks govt for a vaccine roadmap, calls policy for 18-44 to pay 'arbitrary, irrational'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-asks-govt-for-a-vaccine-roadmap-calls-policy-for-18-44-to-pay-arbitrary-irrational-7341605/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
 
On 7 June, Prime Minister Modi announced that India would migrate back to centralised procurement of vaccines by 21 June. In an address, Modi stated that multiple chief ministers had requested that the central government reconsider its new distribution strategy and reinstate the system it had used before May. As before, the centre will procure up to 75% of the country's vaccine supplies from manufacturers in bulk and distribute them to states at no additional charge. Vaccines would now be offered at no charge for those in the 18–44 age group. Private hospitals will still be responsible for the remaining 25% of procurement, but fees for appointments are now capped at {{INRConvert|150}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2021|title=PVT hospitals can charge maximum of ₹150 as service fee for vaccination: PM|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/private-hospitals-can-charge-maximum-of-rs-150-as-service-fee-for-covid-vaccination-pm-modi-11623067511022.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-07|title=It's centralised procurement of vaccines again, says PM Modi|language=en|website=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prime-minister-narendra-modi-addresses-the-nation-on-june-7-2021/article34753292.ece|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref>
 
On 21 June, the day these changes took effect, approximately {{Lakh|82.7}} doses were administered—India's largest single-day total until that point. The states of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] had the highest local totals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid vaccination in India: Record 69 lakh Covid vaccine doses administered on day one of revised guidelines|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/record-80-lakh-covid-vaccine-doses-administered-on-day-one-of-revised-guidelines/articleshow/83716818.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621152212/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/record-80-lakh-covid-vaccine-doses-administered-on-day-one-of-revised-guidelines/articleshow/83716818.cms |archive-date=21 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-22|title=Day 1 of India's new COVID-19 vaccine policy: Record 82.7L doses administered, 'numbers gladdening', tweets PM|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/day-1-of-indias-new-covid-19-vaccine-policy-record-84l-doses-administered-numbers-gladdening-tweets-pm-9739301.html|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-21|title=How MP Bested Other States in Vaccination: Over 8,000 Centres, Monitoring By CM|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/how-madhya-pradesh-bested-others-to-top-vaccination-chart-special-control-room-monitoring-by-cm-3874976.html|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>  [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] [[P. Chidambaram]] accused [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] of having "hoarded" vaccine doses in the days leading up to 21 June in order to encourage larger numbers; seven states controlled by the BJP were among the top ten states to have administered vaccine doses that day, few of these states had below-average vaccination numbers in the days leading up to 21 June (such as Madhya Pradesh, which went from 692 doses on 20 June to {{Lakh|16.9}} the next day, and numbers had dropped significantly in the state the next day).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Supriya|title=How India created a 'world record' for highest number of vaccinations in a single day|url=https://scroll.in/article/998156/how-bjp-ruled-states-engineered-a-new-world-record-for-vaccinations|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Supriya|title=How India engineered its single-day Covid-19 vaccination "record"|url=https://qz.com/india/2024405/how-india-engineered-its-single-day-covid-19-vaccination-record/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Quartz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Sprinting Ahead": BJP Chief On P Chidambaram's Vaccine Record Criticism|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sprinting-ahead-bjp-chief-on-p-chidambarams-vaccine-record-criticism-2470796|access-date=2021-06-25|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref name="thewire-22nd-vaccinedrop">{{cite web|date=23 June 2021|title=After 'Record' High on Monday, Vaccine Numbers Drastically Drop in Some BJP-Ruled States|url=https://science.thewire.in/health/covid-19-record-vaccines-bjp-ruled-states-drastric-report/|url-status=live|access-date=24 June 2021|website=The Wire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623100907/https://science.thewire.in/health/covid-19-record-vaccines-bjp-ruled-states-drastric-report/ |archive-date=23 June 2021 }}</ref>
 
On 23 June, India surpassed over 300 million vaccine doses administered in total.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 23, 2021|title=India's cumulative Covid-19 vaccination coverage crosses 30 crore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-cumulative-covid-19-vaccination-coverage-crosses-30-crore/articleshow/83787103.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> On 28 June, India overtook the [[United States]] in total vaccine doses administered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/india-zooms-past-us-in-number-of-vaccine-doses-administered-time-taken-lesser-by-a-month-3899222.html|title='Remarkable Result': India Zooms Past US in Number of Vaccine Doses Given, Time Taken Lesser by Month|date=28 June 2021}}</ref> On 29 June, the DCGI approved the [[Moderna vaccine]] (which is being imported by [[Cipla]]) for emergency use. [[Vinod Kumar Paul]] stated that the [[Pfizer vaccine]] was also likely to be approved soon.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2021-06-29|title=India expands Covid vaccine kitty: Moderna gets regulatory nod; Pfizer approval likely soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-expands-vaccine-kitty-moderna-gets-regulatory-nod-pfizer-approval-likely-soon/articleshow/83953465.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629121518/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-expands-vaccine-kitty-moderna-gets-regulatory-nod-pfizer-approval-likely-soon/articleshow/83953465.cms |archive-date=29 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-29|title=Cipla gets nod to import Moderna's vaccine for emergency use in India: Report|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/cipla-gets-nod-to-import-moderna-s-covid-vaccine-for-emergency-use-in-india-11624959964096.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
 
===500 million mark, Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine approval and record===
 
On 6 August 2021, India crossed the 500 million doses milestone within 6 months from the onset of the vaccination program.<ref>{{cite web|title=In 6 months since launch of drive: Vaccine coverage crosses 50 cr doses|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-6-months-since-launch-of-drive-vaccine-coverage-crosses-50-cr-doses-7442395/|website=INDIAN EXPRESS|date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
 
On 7 August 2021, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) approved emergency use of the [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine|Johnson and Johnson single-dose vaccine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=India gets fifth Covid vaccine as Johnson & Johnson's single-shot vaccine gets nod|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/aug/07/india-gets-fifth-covid-vaccine-as-johnson--johnsons-single-shot-vaccine-gets-nod-2341527.html|website=THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS|date=7 August 2021|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> On 16 Aug 2021, India administered around 8.81 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines, achieving the highest single-day record and overtaking its own previous record of 8.61 million doses, by 16 August the cumulative  doses had surpassed the 55 million mark.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/at-88-lakh-doses-india-achieves-highest-single-day-vaccination-record-727035|website=India TV|title= At 88 lakh doses, India achieves highest single-day vaccination record}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-witnesses-highest-ever-single-day-vaccination-of-88-13-lakh-doses/articleshow/85393185.cms|website=The Times of India|title= India witnesses highest-ever single-day vaccination of 88.13 doses}}</ref>


On 1 January 2021, the [[Drug Controller General of India]] (DCGI) approved emergency usage of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine]], which was being manufactured by the [[Serum Institute of India]] (SII) under the trade name "Covishield".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-01-03|title=Coronavirus: India approves vaccines from Bharat Biotech and Oxford/AstraZeneca|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55520658|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-24|title=Delhi reportedly halts AstraZeneca Covid vaccine exports as cases soar|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/24/delhi-reportedly-halts-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-exports-as-cases-soar|access-date=2021-04-22|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-06|title=Why is the EU unhappy with AstraZeneca?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/56483766|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref> On 2 January, the DCGI approved [[Bharat Biotech]]'s [[Covaxin]] for emergency use, even though it had not yet completed phase 3 trials.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Prasad|first=R|date=2020-01-15|title=Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/vaccine-dilemma-to-take-or-not-to-take-covaxin/article33577223.ecel|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 January 2021|title=Expert panel recommends Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for restricted emergency use|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/expert-panel-clears-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-amid-uk-virus-strain-what-you-need-to-know-3240500.html|access-date=2 January 2021}}</ref>
=== ZyCoV-D approval for ages 12 & above and single day vaccination records===


India began its vaccination program began on 16 January 2021, operating 3,006 vaccination centres on the onset.<ref name="TH33582069">{{Cite news|author=|date=2021-01-15|title=World's largest vaccination programme begins in India on January 16|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-worlds-largest-vaccination-programme-begins-in-india-on-january-16/article33582069.ece|access-date=2021-01-16}}</ref> Each vaccination centre will offer either Covishield or Covaxin, but not both. Some states have decided to primarily use Covishield, and keep their Covaxin doses as a “buffer stock”.<ref name="TH33577223">{{Cite news|last=Prasad|first=R|date=2020-01-15|title=Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/vaccine-dilemma-to-take-or-not-to-take-covaxin/article33577223.ece|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> Since Covaxin has not completed phase-3 trials, those receiving it will need to sign a consent form.<ref name="TH33587377">{{Cite news|last=Bindu Shajan Perappadan|date=2020-01-16|title=Covaxin recipients asked to sign consent form on 'clinical trial mode'|newspaper=The Hindu|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-bharat-biotech-to-pay-compensation-if-covaxin-vaccine-causes-side-effects/article33587377.ece|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>
On 20 August 2021, India granted emergency use approval to the world's first [[DNA]] based COVID-19 vaccine, [[ZyCoV-D]] manufactured by [[Zydus Cadila]] for adults and children aged 12 years and above. The vaccine is administered using a needle-free applicator.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/india-approves-zydus-cadilas-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-08-20/ |title= India gives emergency approval for world's first COVID-19 DNA vaccine |website= Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-approves-zydus-cadila-s-needle-free-covid-vaccine-for-emergency-use-for-all-above-12-years-of-age/amp-11629467937076.html |title= India approves first Covid vaccine for children above 12 - 5 things to know |website=Livemint}}</ref> The government announced on 30 September 2021 that the ZyCoV-D vaccine will be a three dose vaccine and it will be included in the Covid vaccination programme of India.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2021-09-30|title=3-dose Zydus vaccine to be included in Covid vaccination programme: Govt|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/3-dose-zydus-vaccine-to-be-included-in-covid-vaccination-programme-govt-121093000951_1.html|access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>


165,714 people were vaccinated on the first day of availability. Difficulties in uploading beneficiary lists at some sites caused delays.<ref name="TH33588904">{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-01-16|title=No case of post-vaccination hospitalisation reported so far: Health Ministry|newspaper=The Hindu|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/no-case-of-post-vaccination-hospitalisation-reported-so-far-health-ministry/article33588904.ece|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> In the first three days, 631,417 people were vaccinated. Of these, 0.18% reported side-effects and nine people (0.002%) were admitted to hospitals for observation and treatment.<ref name="TH33610589">{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-01-19|title=Over six lakh vaccinated so far|newspaper=The Hindu|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-of-those-vaccinated-018-were-adverse-events-says-govt/article33610589.ece|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref><ref name="MBM5370606">{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-01-19|title=കോവിഡ് വാക്‌സിനേഷന്‍: പാര്‍ശ്വഫലമുണ്ടായത്‌ 0.18% പേരില്‍, ആശുപത്രിയില്‍ പ്രവേശിപ്പിച്ചത് 0.002% പേരെ|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/covid-19-of-those-vaccinated-0-18-pc-were-adverse-events-says-govt-1.5370606|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> Within those first days, there was concerns about low turnout, due to a combination of vaccine safety concerns, technical problems with the software used, and misinformation.<ref name="GRDN001">{{Cite news|last1=Hannah Ellis-Peterson|last2=Amrit Dhillon|date=2020-01-20|title=Indian hesitancy sets back world's biggest Covid vaccination drive|newspaper=The Guardian|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/20/indian-hesitancy-sets-back-worlds-biggest-covid-vaccination-drive|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
Since August 10, 2021, foreign nationals residing in India can now receive the COVID-19 vaccine by registering themselves on the Cowin platform; like other eligible beneficiaries, the foreign nationals can book a slot via the portal and use their passport as a document to verify their identity for the registration process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/now-foreigners-can-also-get-covid-vaccine-in-india-health-ministry-101628534180288.html|title=Now foreigners can also get Covid-19 vaccine in India: Health ministry|date=10 August 2021}}</ref>


The first phase of the rollout involved health workers and frontline workers including police, paramilitary forces, sanitation workers, and disaster management volunteers.<ref name="TH33582069" /> By 1 March, only 14 million healthcare and frontline workers had been vaccinated, falling short of the original goal of 30 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allana|first=Alia|date=2021-03-15|title=Opinion {{!}} How Do You Vaccinate 1.3 Billion People?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/15/opinion/india-covid-vaccine.html|access-date=2021-03-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
By 26 August 2021, 50% of the adult population in India were inoculated with at least one dose of the approved vaccines, which included 99% coverage among [[healthcare workers]] and 100% front-line workers for the first dose.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/half-of-indias-adults-have-now-got-at-least-one-dose-of-vaccine/articleshow/85672694.cms |title= Half of India's adults have now got at least one dose of vaccine |website=The Times of India|date=26 August 2021|author= Sushmi Dey}}</ref>


The next phase of the vaccine rollout covered all residents over the age of 60, residents between the ages of 45 and 60 with one or more qualifying [[Comorbidity|comorbidities]], and any health care or frontline worker that did not receive a dose during phase 1. Online registration began on 1 March via the [[Aarogya Setu]] app and a web-based booking system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Registration for next phase of vaccination on Co-WIN 2.0 portal to open on March 1|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/coronavirus-registration-for-next-phase-of-vaccination-on-co-win-20-portal-to-open-on-march-1/article33955656.ece?homepage=true|website=thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Citizen Registration and Appointment for Vaccination|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/UserManualCitizenRegistration&AppointmentforVaccination.pdf|website=mohfw.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=All above 60 years of age, 45-plus with comorbidities can get COVID-19 vaccine from March 1|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/all-60-citizens-all-45-people-with-comorbidities-to-get-free-covid-shots-at-govt-facilities-from-march-1/articleshow/81189171.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> From 1 April, eligibility was extended to all residents over the age of 45.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-03|title=CoWin Upgrade, 50 lakh Daily Target: What to Expect As India Vaccinates Citizens Above 45|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/covid-19-vaccination-for-everyone-above-45-years-starts-from-april-1-heres-all-you-need-to-know-3591725.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>  
On 27 August 2021, India crossed the milestone of administering more than 10 million (1 crore) doses of COVID-19 vaccine in a single day, setting a new world record. [[Uttar Pradesh]] topped the list with 2.8 million doses, followed by [[Karnataka]] with 1 million doses and [[Maharashtra]] at third with 0.98 million doses.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/india-sets-historic-record-over-1-cr-covid-19-vaccine-doses-administered-in-single-day-pm-modi-congratulates/804640 |title= India administers over 1 cr COVID vaccines in single day, Uttar Pradesh tops chart; PM hails 'momentous feat' |website=Times Now News}}</ref>


On 8 April, amid the beginnings of a major second wave of infections in the country,<ref name=":13">{{Cite news|date=2021-04-20|title=Covid-19 vaccination: How is India's inoculation drive going|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56345591|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=India reports new record of 103,558 daily Covid cases, as second wave and new lockdowns hit|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/05/india/india-second-wave-covid-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Yeung|first=Jessie|last2=Sud|first2=Vedika|date=21 April 2021|title=India's second Covid wave hits like a 'tsunami' as hospitals buckle under weight|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/india/india-covid-hospital-shortage-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-21|website=CNN}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] called for a four-day ''Teeka Utsav'' ("Vaccine Festival") from 11–14 April to mark the respective birthdays of [[Jyotirao Phule]] and [[B. R. Ambedkar]], with a goal to increase the pace of the program by vaccinating as many eligible residents as possible. By the end of the ''Utsav'', India had reached a total of over 111 million vaccine doses to-date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PM Modi calls for 'Vaccine Utsav' from April 11-14; Aghadi split over vaccine stock; more|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/programme/news-today/video/vaccine-utsav-pm-modi-aghadi-vaccine-stock-1788840-2021-04-08|access-date=2021-04-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-12|title=Tika Utsav: India to inoculate citizens on day 2 of 'vaccination festival' today|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tika-utsav-india-to-inoculate-citizens-on-day-2-of-vaccination-festival-today-101618185848401.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Tika Utsav: India's COVID-19 vaccination coverage exceeds 11 crore mark|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/tika-utsav-indias-covid-19-vaccination-coverage-exceeds-11-crore-mark/articleshow/82063145.cms|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>
On 29 August 2021, [[Himachal Pradesh]] became the first state to complete administering first doses of COVID-19 vaccines to 100% of the population.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/himachal-administers-first-dose-of-covid-vaccine-to-100-of-its-population-101630253831064.html |title= Himachal administers first dose of Covid vaccine to 100% of its population |website=Himdustan Times}}</ref> On 31 August, India again set another single-day vaccination record by inoculating around 12 million (1.2 Crore) doses in 24 hours.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-administers-over-1-cr-covid-vaccine-doses-in-a-day-for-second-time-50-cr-people-get-first-jab-11630414826384.html |title= India administers over 1.2 cr Covid vaccine doses, sets new single-day record |website=Livemint}}</ref>


On 12 April, the DCGI approved Russia's [[Sputnik V]] vaccine for emergency use in India. A phase 3 trial had been conducted in the country in September 2020, which showed 91.6% efficacy.<ref name="“sputnik”">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-12|title=Experts clear Russia’s Sputnik Covid-19 vaccine for use in India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-approves-russia-s-covid-19-vaccine-sputnik-v-101618220595374.html|access-date=2021-04-15|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The local distributor [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]] stated that it planned to have the vaccine available in India by late-May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-26|title=EXCLUSIVE India to get Russia's Sputnik V vaccine only by end-May|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/exclusive-india-get-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-only-by-end-may-2021-04-22/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=reuters}}</ref>
By September 2021, all adult people in Sikkim, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Ladakh, and Lakshadweep have received at least one dose of Covid vaccine as the cumulative jabs administered in the country crossed 75 crores. Many city corporations, talukas, gram panchayats and districts had also administered the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination to 100 per cent of their adult population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/covid-19-vaccine-city-beautiful-not-on-centres-list-of-100-first-dose-coverage-306928|title = Covid-19 vaccine: City Beautiful not on Centre's list of 100% first dose coverage}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/goa-achieved-100-pc-first-dose-covid-vaccination-target-set-to-complete-2nd-dose-by-oct-31-cm-sawant20210910015433 |title=Goa achieved 100 pc first dose COVID vaccination, target set to complete 2nd dose by Oct 31: CM Sawant |website=ANI}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-74-crore-covid19-vaccines-administered-adults-six-states-uts-one-dose-coronavirus-pandemic-updates-733554|title=India administers over 74 crore Covid vaccines; all adults in 6 states, UTs got 1st dose|date=12 September 2021}}</ref>


On 19 April, it was announced that the next phase of the vaccine program will begin on 1 May, extending eligibility to all residents over the age of 18.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Koshy|first1=Jacob|title=Vaccines for all above 18 from May 1; States can buy directly|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/from-may-1-everyone-over-18-years-eligible-for-covid-19-vaccination-government/article34359940.ece|access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 April 2021|title=COVID-19 vaccine for all above age of 18 years from May 1; states can buy vaccines directly from manufacturers|work=Bennett Coleman & Company Limited|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/covid-19-vaccine-for-all-above-age-of-18-years-from-may-1-govt/747024|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref> On 25 April, India became the fastest country to administer 140 million doses.<ref> {{Cite web|date=2021-04-25|title=India becomes fastest country to give 14 crore COVID-19 vaccine doses, achieves feat in 99 days|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/india-becomes-fastest-country-to-give-14-crore-covid-19-vaccine-doses-achieves-feat-in-99-days-2357336.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Zee News|language=en}} </ref>
As many as 25 million people were vaccinated on Narendra Modi's birthday on 17 September 2021. This is the highest single-day vaccination tally so far in the whole world.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-administers-record-2-crore-50-lakh-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-a-single-day-on-september-17-2021/article36512270.ece |title=India sets record with 2.5 crore COVID-19 jabs in one day |date=17 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> There are allegations that a lot of pressure could have been put on officials to increase and twist to record vaccination numbers on the Prime Minister's birthday as some people who had not received their Covid shots somehow seem to have been issued vaccination certificates including those who are deceased.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Madhya Pradesh Twist To Record Vaccination Numbers On PM Modi Birthday|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/a-madhya-pradesh-twist-to-record-vaccination-numbers-on-pm-modi-birthday-2550207|access-date=2021-09-23|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shocking! Woman vaccinated four months after her death due to Covid complications in MP|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/22/shocking-woman-vaccinated-four-months-after-her-death-due-to-covid-complications-in-mp-2362371.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
 
On 27 September, India administered over 1 crore vaccine doses for the fifth time, and total vaccination coverage crossed 86 crore (860 million).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/india-one-crore-vaccine-doses-5th-time-vaccination-coverage-crosses-86-crore-1858014-2021-09-28|title = India administers 1 crore vaccine doses for 5th time, vaccination coverage crosses 86 crore}}</ref>
 
On 2 October, Union health minister [[Mansukh Mandaviya]] announced that India crossed the landmark of administrating 90 crore vaccine doses.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 2, 2021|title=Over 90 crore Covid vaccine doses administered in India: Health minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/over-90-crore-covid-vaccine-doses-administered-in-india-health-minister/articleshow/86704014.cms|access-date=2021-10-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
 
=== 1 billion mark, vaccine clinical trial for children aged 7-11 and government's view on booster shots ===
The Government and India's drug regulator allowed vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute on 28 September 2021 to enroll children between seven and 11 years of age for its COVID-19 vaccine trial.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-28|title=Govt allows Serum Institute to enrol 7-11 year olds in Covid-19 vaccine trial|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/govt-allows-serum-institute-to-enrol-7-11-year-olds-in-covid-19-vaccine-trial-11632813802081.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
 
The conversation around the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines gained momentum after people in many western countries were inoculated with the booster dose, or the third dose. The debate is raging in India where a major chunk of the eligible population has already been inoculated with at least one dose since the beginning of the Covid vaccination drive in January. The Indian government has, by far, maintained that booster shots of Covid vaccines and the benefit they provide are under purview and study, the current focus should be on ensuring two doses for every adult in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/do-indians-need-booster-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-experts-answer-1858843-2021-09-29|title=Do Indians need booster dose of Covid-19 vaccines? Experts answer}}</ref>
 
On 21 October 2021, India crossed the one billion mark for administered doses.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-21|title=India crosses 100-crore Covid vaccination mark, PM Modi says country 'scripts history'|url=https://theprint.in/health/india-crosses-100-crore-covid-vaccination-mark-pm-modi-says-country-scripts-history/754111/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== Booster dose and vaccination for youths ===
India will start giving booster shots from January 10, 2022, to health and frontline workers and those over 60 with comorbidities or other health problems - Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced. He also said vaccinations will begin for youths between 15 and 18 years from January 3, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-announces-covid-booster-doses-for-seniors-frontline-workers-2671574|title=Boosters For 60+, Frontline Staff; Vaccines For 15-18, Says PM: 10 Points}}</ref>
Among healthcare and frontline workers and those aged 60 and above with comorbidities, prioritisation and sequencing would be based on completion of nine months or 39 weeks from the date of the second dose as of January 10, the government said in its guidelines. Youths between 15 and 18 years can register online on CoWin from January 1, 2022, or onsite at vaccination centres from January 3, 2022. Covaxin is the only covid vaccine available for citizens between 15 and 18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-vaccination-children-between-15-18-years-can-register-on-cowin-from-jan-1-on-site-from-jan-3/articleshow/88531760.cms|title=Covid vaccination: Children between 15-18 years can register on CoWin from Jan 1, on-site from Jan 3|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>


== Vaccine development and distribution ==
== Vaccine development and distribution ==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi visits the Serum Institute of India, in Pune on November 28, 2020 (4).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] visiting the Serum Institute of India on 28 November 2020.]]As of early May 2020, there were over 30 vaccine candidates in development in India, many of which were already in pre-clinical trials.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ray|first1=Meenakshi|date=6 May 2020|title=30 Covid-19 vaccines in different stages of development: Scientists to PM Modi|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/more-than-30-covid-19-vaccines-in-different-stages-of-development-scientists-tell-pm-modi/story-cAvTRd5hSkOq9YtHC81UuO.html|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>  
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi visits the Serum Institute of India, in Pune on November 28, 2020 (4).jpg|thumb|250px|Prime Minister Narendra Modi visiting the Serum Institute of India on 28 November 2020.]]As of early May 2020, there were over 30 vaccine candidates in development in India, many of which were already in pre-clinical trials.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ray|first1=Meenakshi|date=6 May 2020|title=30 Covid-19 vaccines in different stages of development: Scientists to PM Modi|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/more-than-30-covid-19-vaccines-in-different-stages-of-development-scientists-tell-pm-modi/story-cAvTRd5hSkOq9YtHC81UuO.html|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
 
The Pune-based [[Serum Institute of India]] (SII) is the world's largest vaccine maker. This existing capacity enabled India to be a major participant in the [[COVAX]] programme to distribute vaccines to developing countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Yeung|first1=Jessie|last2=Mitra|first2=Esha|date=18 April 2021|title=The world's biggest vaccine producer is running out of Covid-19 vaccines|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/india/covid-vaccine-shortage-covishield-covaxin-intl-hnk-dst/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-18|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418004149/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/india/covid-vaccine-shortage-covishield-covaxin-intl-hnk-dst/index.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 }}</ref> In February 2020, SII had begun animal trials of vaccine candidates.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Khelkar|first1=Pankaj P.|date=19 February 2020|title=Indian company first to test coronavirus vaccine on animals, human trials expected in 6 months|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-company-serum-institute-india-pune-1st-develop-novel-coronavirus-vaccine-1648128-2020-02-19|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> SII announced in April 2020 that it would apply for clinical trials from the [[Drug Controller General of India]] (DCGI) in April 2020. SII president [[Adar Poonawalla]] said that a vaccine would be delivered within a year, but projected an efficacy between 70 and 80%.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 March 2020|title=Coronavirus vaccine within a year but it won't be 100% effective|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/coronavirus-vaccine-within-a-year-but-it-wont-be-100-effective/articleshow/74704452.cms|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref>


The Pune-based [[Serum Institute of India]] (SII) is the world's largest vaccine maker, and this existing capacity enabled India to be a major participant in the [[COVAX]] program to distribute vaccines to developing countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yeung|first=Jessie|last2=Mitra|first2=Esha|date=18 April 2021|title=The world's biggest vaccine producer is running out of Covid-19 vaccines|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/india/covid-vaccine-shortage-covishield-covaxin-intl-hnk-dst/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-18|website=CNN}}</ref> In February 2020, SII had begun animal trials of vaccine candidates.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Khelkar|first1=Pankaj P.|date=19 February 2020|title=Indian company first to test coronavirus vaccine on animals, human trials expected in 6 months|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-company-serum-institute-india-pune-1st-develop-novel-coronavirus-vaccine-1648128-2020-02-19|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> SII announced in April 2020 that it would apply for clinical trials from the [[Drug Controller General of India]] (DCGI) in April 2020. SII president [[Adar Poonawalla]] said that a vaccine would be delivered within a year, but projected an efficacy between 70 to 80%.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 March 2020|title=Coronavirus vaccine within a year but it won't be 100% effective|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/coronavirus-vaccine-within-a-year-but-it-wont-be-100-effective/articleshow/74704452.cms|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> SII received approvals for phase 2 and phase 3 trials of its version of [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|a vaccine]] being developed by [[AstraZeneca]] and the [[University of Oxford]]'s [[Vaccitech]] in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 August 2020|title=Coronavirus vaccine: DCGI gives nod to Serum-Oxford for phase 2, 3 clinical trials in India|publisher=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-vaccine-dcgi-gives-nod-to-serum-oxford-for-phase-2-3-clinical-trials-in-india-2835633|access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> SII joined [[GAVI]] in a partnership with the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] to produce 100 million doses of vaccine for developing countries.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 August 2020|title=Serum Institute to produce up to 100 million Covid-19 vaccine doses for India, other countries|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/business/india-business/serum-institute-to-produce-up-to-100-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-for-india-other-countries/articleshow/77413870.cms|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>
In August 2020, SII received approvals for phase 2 and phase 3 trials of its version of [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|a vaccine]] being developed by [[AstraZeneca]] and the [[University of Oxford]]'s [[Vaccitech]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 August 2020|title=Coronavirus vaccine: DCGI gives nod to Serum-Oxford for phase 2, 3 clinical trials in India|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-vaccine-dcgi-gives-nod-to-serum-oxford-for-phase-2-3-clinical-trials-in-india-2835633|access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> SII joined [[GAVI]] in a partnership with the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] to produce 100 million doses of vaccine for developing countries.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 August 2020|title=Serum Institute to produce up to 100 million Covid-19 vaccine doses for India, other countries|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/business/india-business/serum-institute-to-produce-up-to-100-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-for-india-other-countries/articleshow/77413870.cms|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> The SII planned to manufacture 1.5 and 2.5 billion doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine per-year under the trade name "Covishield".<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Fletcher|first=Martin|title=Adar Poonawalla: 'Aggression over Covid vaccines is overwhelming . . . Everyone expects to get theirs first'|language=en|work=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/adar-poonawalla-aggression-over-covid-vaccines-is-overwhelming-everyone-expects-to-get-theirs-first-bfqbgcm96|access-date=2021-05-28|issn=0140-0460}}</ref> By its approval in January 2021, the company had stockpiled 50 million doses, but well short of its own target of 400 million.<ref name="NYT India approves">{{Cite news|last1=Schmall|first1=Emily|last2=Yasir|first2=Sameer|date=2021-01-03|title=India Approves Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine and 1 Other|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/world/asia/india-covid-19-vaccine.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/world/asia/india-covid-19-vaccine.html |archive-date=2021-12-28 |url-access=limited}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Times Poonawalla2">[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/adar-poonawalla-aggression-over-covid-vaccines-is-overwhelming-everyone-expects-to-get-theirs-first-bfqbgcm96 Adar Poonawalla: 'Aggression over jabs is overwhelming Everyone expects to get theirs first], ''The Times'', 1 May 2021. {{ProQuest|2520110820}}</ref> The government ordered 21 million doses to be delivered by February, but the company said no indication of any further orders were given.<ref name="FT vaccine shortage" /> The company began to export the remaining stocks instead.<ref name=":5" />


Hyderabad-based [[Bharat Biotech]], in collaboration with U.S.-based FluGen, expected to begin the first clinical trials of a nasal vaccine by late-2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2020|title=Hyderabad-based biotech firm working on nasal vaccine for Covid-19|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/hyderabad-based-working-on-nasal-vaccine-for-covid-19-1662976-2020-04-03|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] partnered with Bharat Biotech in May 2020 to develop a COVID vaccine entirely within India.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Angana|date=10 May 2020|title=India to develop 'fully indigenous' Covid vaccine as ICMR partners with Bharat Biotech|publisher=The Print|url=https://theprint.in/health/india-to-develop-fully-indigenous-covid-vaccine-as-icmr-partners-with-bharat-biotech/418180/|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref> In June 2020, it received DCGI approval to begin phase 1 and phase 2 trials on its vaccine, [[BBV152]] (trade name "Covaxin").<ref>{{cite news|date=29 June 2020|title=India's First COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Approved for Human Trials|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/06/29/world/asia/29reuters-health-coronavirus-india-vaccine.html}}</ref> In September 2020, it was reported that in pre-clinical trials on animals, Covaxin was able to build immunity.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-12|title=India's coronavirus vaccine candidate COVAXIN showed positive result in animals: Bharat Biotech|newspaper=Daily News & Analysis|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-covaxin-showed-positive-result-in-animals-bharat-biotech-2842616|access-date=2020-09-13}}</ref> On 3 March 2021, Bharat Biotech reported that Covaxin showed an efficacy of 81% in its phase 3 trial.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 March 2021|title=Covaxin showed 81% efficacy in third phase trials, says Bharat Biotech|publisher=scroll|url=https://scroll.in/latest/988469/covaxin-showed-81-efficacy-in-third-phase-trials-says-bharat-biotech|access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref> On 20 April 2021, Bharat Biotech announced that it had expanded its production capabilities for Covaxin to 700 million doses per-year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19: Bharat Biotech ramps up Covaxin capacity to 700 million doses per annum|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-bharat-biotech-ramps-up-covaxin-capacity-to-700-million-doses-per-annum/articleshow/82162467.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
Hyderabad-based [[Bharat Biotech]], in collaboration with U.S.-based FluGen, expected to begin the first clinical trials of a nasal vaccine by late-2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2020|title=Hyderabad-based biotech firm working on nasal vaccine for Covid-19|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/hyderabad-based-working-on-nasal-vaccine-for-covid-19-1662976-2020-04-03|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] partnered with Bharat Biotech in May 2020 to develop a COVID vaccine entirely within India.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Angana|date=10 May 2020|title=India to develop 'fully indigenous' Covid vaccine as ICMR partners with Bharat Biotech|publisher=The Print|url=https://theprint.in/health/india-to-develop-fully-indigenous-covid-vaccine-as-icmr-partners-with-bharat-biotech/418180/|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref> In June 2020, it received DCGI approval to begin phase 1 and phase 2 trials on its vaccine, [[BBV152]] (trade name "Covaxin").<ref>{{cite news|date=29 June 2020|title=India's First COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Approved for Human Trials|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/06/29/world/asia/29reuters-health-coronavirus-india-vaccine.html}}</ref> In September 2020, it was reported that in pre-clinical trials on animals, Covaxin was able to build immunity.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-12|title=India's coronavirus vaccine candidate COVAXIN showed positive result in animals: Bharat Biotech|newspaper=Daily News & Analysis|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-covaxin-showed-positive-result-in-animals-bharat-biotech-2842616|access-date=2020-09-13}}</ref> In July 2021, Bharat Biotech reported the vaccine to be {{Estimate|64|29|82|unit=%|mini=no}} effective against asymptomatic cases, {{Estimate|78|65|86|unit=%|mini=yes}} effective against symptomatic cases, {{Estimate|93|57|100|unit=%|mini=yes}} effective against severe COVID-19 infection, and {{Estimate|65|33|83|unit=%|mini=yes}} effective against the [[Delta variant]].<ref>{{cite news | vauthors=Suri M, Hollingsworth J  |title=India's homegrown Covid-19 vaccine has 78% efficacy against symptomatic infections, developer says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/03/india/bharat-biotech-covaxin-efficacy-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=3 July 2021 |work=CNN |date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="preprint-p-III">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ella R, Reddy S, Blackwelder W, Potdar V, Yadav P, Sarangi V, Aileni VK, Kanungo S, Rai S, Reddy P, Verma S, Singh C, Redkar S, Mohapatra S, Pandey A, Ranganadin P, Gumashta R, Multani M, Mohammad S, Bhatt P, Kumari L, Sapkal G, Gupta N, Abraham P, Panda S, Prasad S, Bhargava B, Ella K, Vadrevu KM |display-authors=6 |title=Efficacy, safety, and lot to lot immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152): a double-blind, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial |date=2 July 2021 |doi=10.1101/2021.06.30.21259439 |type=[[Preprint]] |work=[[medRxiv]] |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.30.21259439v1 |access-date=3 July 2021| s2cid=235706046}}</ref> On 20 April 2021, Bharat Biotech announced that it had expanded its production capabilities for Covaxin to 700 million doses per-year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bharadwaj|first=Swati|date=20 April 2021|title=Covid-19: Bharat Biotech ramps up Covaxin capacity to 700 million doses per annum|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-bharat-biotech-ramps-up-covaxin-capacity-to-700-million-doses-per-annum/articleshow/82162467.cms|url-status=live|access-date=24 May 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420111615/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-bharat-biotech-ramps-up-covaxin-capacity-to-700-million-doses-per-annum/articleshow/82162467.cms |archive-date=20 April 2021 }}</ref>


[[Zydus Cadila|Cadila Healthcare]] began vaccine development in March 2020, including a [[viral vector vaccine]] and a [[DNA vaccination|DNA plasmid vaccine]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jayakumar|first1=PB|date=5 April 2020|title=Zydus Cadila, Serum Institute too in the hunt for coronavirus vaccine|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/zydus-cadila-serum-institute-too-in-the-hunt-for-coronavirus-vaccine-1663434-2020-04-05|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=8 April 2020|title=The experiment of coronavirus vaccine on animals started in India, hopefully desired results will come in 4–6 months|publisher=Inventia|url=https://www.inventiva.co.in/stories/inventiva/the-experiment-of-coronavirus-vaccine-on-animals-started-in-india-hopefully-desired-results-will-come-in-4-6-months/|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>  In mid-July 2020, Cadila held early human trials of its vaccine candidate [[ZyCoV-D]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Coronavirus vaccine update: India's second COVID-19 vaccine candidate 'ZyCoV-D' to start human trials; here is all you need to know|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/coronavirus-vaccine-update-indias-second-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-zycov-d-to-start-human-trials-here-is-all-you-need-to-know/photostory/76977870.cms|access-date=16 July 2020}}</ref> and received approval for phase 3 trials in January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 January 2021|title=DBT-BIRAC supported indigenously developed DNA Vaccine Candidate by Zydus Cadila, approved for Phase III clinical trials|work=pib.gov.in|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1685838}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Novel Corona Virus-2019-nCov vaccine by intradermal route in healthy subjects.|url=http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=51254&EncHid=&userName=ZyCoV-D|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2021|website=ctri.nic.in|publisher=Clinical Trials Registry - India}}</ref> It began large-scale production in April 2021, with Cadila expecting to receive emergency authorisation by MayJune 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-26|title=Cadila Healthcare starts production of Covid vaccine candidat|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/cadila-healthcare-starts-production-of-covid-vaccine-candidate-11619244017749.html|access-date=2021-04-26|website=livemint}}</ref>
[[Zydus Cadila|Cadila Healthcare]] began vaccine development in March 2020, including a [[viral vector vaccine]] and a [[DNA vaccination|DNA plasmid vaccine]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jayakumar|first1=PB|date=5 April 2020|title=Zydus Cadila, Serum Institute too in the hunt for coronavirus vaccine|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/zydus-cadila-serum-institute-too-in-the-hunt-for-coronavirus-vaccine-1663434-2020-04-05|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=8 April 2020|title=The experiment of coronavirus vaccine on animals started in India, hopefully desired results will come in 4–6 months|publisher=Inventia|url=https://www.inventiva.co.in/stories/inventiva/the-experiment-of-coronavirus-vaccine-on-animals-started-in-india-hopefully-desired-results-will-come-in-4-6-months/|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>  In mid-July 2020, Cadila held early human trials of its vaccine candidate [[ZyCoV-D]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Coronavirus vaccine update: India's second COVID-19 vaccine candidate 'ZyCoV-D' to start human trials; here is all you need to know|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/coronavirus-vaccine-update-indias-second-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-zycov-d-to-start-human-trials-here-is-all-you-need-to-know/photostory/76977870.cms|access-date=16 July 2020}}</ref> and received approval for phase 3 trials in January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 January 2021|title=DBT-BIRAC supported indigenously developed DNA Vaccine Candidate by Zydus Cadila, approved for Phase III clinical trials|work=|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1685838|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Novel Corona Virus-2019-nCov vaccine by intradermal route in healthy subjects.|url=http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=51254&EncHid=&userName=ZyCoV-D|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2021|website=ctri.nic.in|publisher=Clinical Trials Registry - India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120224645/http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=51254&EncHid=&userName=ZyCoV-D |archive-date=20 January 2021 }}</ref> It began large-scale production in April 2021, with Cadila expecting to receive emergency authorisation between May and June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-26|title=Cadila Healthcare starts production of Covid vaccine candidat|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/cadila-healthcare-starts-production-of-covid-vaccine-candidate-11619244017749.html|access-date=2021-04-26|website=livemint}}</ref> On 1 July 2021, Cadila Healthcare reported the efficacy to be 66.6% against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% against moderate or severe disease in its interim analysis of its phase 3 trial data.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Zydus applies to the DCGI for EUA to launch ZyCoV-D, the world's first Plasmid DNA vaccine for COVID-19 |url=https://zyduscadila.com/public/pdf/pressrelease/ZyCoV_D_Press_Release_1_7_2021.pdf|date=1 July 2021|access-date=1 July 2021|website=Cadila Healthcare}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zydus Cadila jab shows 66.6% efficacy, seeks regulatory nod|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/zydus-cadila-applies-for-eua-for-covid-19-vaccine-zycovd-11625152872531.html|website=livemint|date=2 July 2021|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>


In September 2020, [[Dr. Reddy's]] partnered with the [[Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation|Russian Direct Investment Fund]] to conduct phase 3 trials of the [[Sputnik V vaccine]] in India, and to distribute the vaccine there once approved.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 September 2020|title=Russia’s sovereign wealth fund partners with Dr Reddy’s for trials and distribution of Sputnik V vaccine in India|language=en|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/russia-s-sovereign-wealth-fund-partners-with-dr-reddy-s-for-trials-and-distribution-of-sputnik-v-vaccine-in-india/story-SPPpdsi7Bzd6mnA2rhZqRN.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 September 2020|title=Russia inks pact to test, supply Sputnik V vaccine to India|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/russia-inks-pact-to-test-supply-sputnik-v-vaccine-to-india/article32624204.ece}}</ref>
In September 2020, [[Dr. Reddy's]] partnered with the [[Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation|Russian Direct Investment Fund]] (RDIF) to conduct phase 3 trials of the [[Sputnik V vaccine]] in India, and to distribute the vaccine there once approved.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 September 2020|title=Russia's sovereign wealth fund partners with Dr Reddy's for trials and distribution of Sputnik V vaccine in India|language=en|work=Hindustan Times|editor-last=Saxena|editor-first=Sparshita|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/russia-s-sovereign-wealth-fund-partners-with-dr-reddy-s-for-trials-and-distribution-of-sputnik-v-vaccine-in-india/story-SPPpdsi7Bzd6mnA2rhZqRN.html|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 September 2020|title=Russia inks pact to test, supply Sputnik V vaccine to India|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/russia-inks-pact-to-test-supply-sputnik-v-vaccine-to-india/article32624204.ece}}</ref>  In April 2021, RDIF CEO [[Kirill Dmitriev]] told [[NDTV]] that they had "five great manufacturers in India" who would be producing the vaccine, and felt that the country could become Sputnik V's "production hub" for use and export.<ref>{{Cite web|title=On Sputnik V For India, Price Issues - AstraZeneca Price Too Low, Says Maker|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sputnik-v-cleared-but-price-isnt-big-sticking-point-2412574|access-date=2021-05-28|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Dr. Reddy's is also working with the RDIF on approval of "[[Sputnik Light]]"—a regiment of Sputnik V consisting only of the first dose.<ref name=":4" />


=== Global distribution ===
In April 2021, phase 3 clinical trials were approved for another vaccine, [[Corbevax]], a protein subunit that is being developed by [[BioE]], the [[Baylor College of Medicine]], and Dynavax Technologies.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite news|date=24 April 2021|title=Biological E gets nod to start Phase III trials of COVID-19 vaccine|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/biological-e-gets-nod-to-start-phase-iii-trials-of-covid-19-vaccine/article34400287.ece}}</ref>
{{Main|Vaccine Maitri}}
 
[[File:Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine (Indian version) 2021 C.jpg|thumb|A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.|232x232px]]
On 2 June 2021, the DCGI removed the requirement that India-specific clinical trials (bridging trials) be held for vaccine candidates developed outside of India, provided that they are already approved by a recognised international public health agency such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), [[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA), US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), UK [[Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency]] (MHRA), or Japan's [[Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency]]. These changes were intended to help expedite the availability of vaccines already in use in other countries.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Foreign COVID-19 vaccines exempted from local trials, batch testing|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/foreign-covid-19-vaccines-exempted-081240904.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=in.news.yahoo.com|language=en-IN}}</ref>
 
In mid-July, it was reported that approval of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, as well as a shipment of vaccines donated by the United States (which includes the AstraZeneca, [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine|Janssen]], Moderna, and Pfizer vaccines), had faced delays due to requests from their manufacturers for [[indemnity]] clauses from Indian authorities, which would relieve them from legal liability for adverse reactions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Milan|title=Talks with vaccine makers Moderna, Pfizer stuck on indemnity clause: Sources|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/pfizer-moderna-covid-corona-vaccine-india-indemnity-clause-1827657-2021-07-13|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=India Today|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713145058/https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/pfizer-moderna-covid-corona-vaccine-india-indemnity-clause-1827657-2021-07-13 |archive-date=13 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Terms of Indemnity for Foreign Makers Hold Up Covid Vaccine Donations from US as Neighbours Get Share|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/terms-of-indemnity-for-foreign-makers-hold-up-covid-vaccine-donations-from-us-as-neighbours-get-consignments-3957734.html|access-date=2021-07-20|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>
 
On 21 September 2021, the Indian Government said that it will not purchase the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines as domestic output of more affordable and easier-to-store vaccines has jumped.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-govt-wont-buy-pfizer-moderna-vaccines-amid-local-output-sources-2021-09-21/|title=India govt won't buy Pfizer, Moderna vaccines amid local output -sources|newspaper=Reuters|date=21 September 2021|last1=Arora|first1=Neha|last2=Das|first2=Krishna N.|last3=Ahmed|first3=Aftab}}</ref>


In January 2021, India began a humanitarian initiative known as ''Vaccine Maitri'' (vaccine friendship), which aims to leverage the country's [[Pharmaceutical industry in India|pharmaceutical industry]] to export Indian-manufactured vaccines to other countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Writer|first=Staff|date=2021-03-05|title=Vaccine Maitri: Consignment of covid vaccines airlifted for Guyana, Jamaica|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/vaccine-maitri-consignment-of-covid-vaccines-airlifted-for-guyana-jamaica-nicaragua-11614930238803.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Vaccine maitri: 5.8 crore Made-in-India Covid vaccine doses supplied to over 65 nations|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/video/vaccine-maitri-5-8-crore-made-in-india-covid-vaccine-doses-supplied-to-over-65-nations-1777871-2021-03-10|access-date=2021-04-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] stated that since 20 January, India had donated over 5.5 million vaccines to neighbouring countries such as Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nepal, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and that the country was also planning to send doses to [[Africa]], Nicaragua, Oman, the [[Caribbean Community]], and the [[COVAX]] programme, and to distribute vaccines to other countries via commercial exports.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=India gifted over 55 lakh doses of coronavirus vaccines to several countries: MEA|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-gifted-over-55-lakh-doses-of-coronavirus-vaccines-to-several-countries-mea/articleshow/80513884.cms|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=India|first=Press Trust of|date=2021-01-28|title=India gifts over 5.5 mn Covid-19 vaccine doses to several countries: MEA|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-gifts-over-5-5-mn-covid-19-vaccine-doses-to-several-countries-mea-121012801749_1.html|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>
In the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue|Quad summit]], Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India would make 8 million doses of [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine|J&J]] vaccine available by the end of October under the Quad vaccine partnership. It will be manufactured in India by the Biological E. This would be ready by the end of October, compatible with our decision to resume vaccine export.<ref name=":3" />


A spokesperson of the MEA stated that "In line with the prime minister's announcement that India sees international cooperation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic as its duty, we have played the role of the first responder in our neighbourhood as well as undertaken supplies to countries beyond."<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> In response to these donations, [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] stated that he "strongly hope[s] that India will have all the instruments that are necessary to play a major role in making sure that a global vaccination is campaign is made possible", and went on to say that "I think that the production capacity of India is the best asset that the world has today. I hope the world understands that it must be fully used."<ref> {{Cite web|date=2021-01-29|title=India's vaccine production capacity is best asset world has today, says UN chief|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/indias-vaccine-production-capacity-is-best-asset-world-has-today-says-un-chief-101611886527685.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
On 6 February 2022, DCGI approved sputnik light covid vaccine for emergency use in India.<ref name="livemint.com">{{cite web|title=Sputnik Light: DCGI nod to emergency use of single-dose Covid vaccine|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sputnik-light-dcgi-nod-to-emergency-use-of-single-dose-covid-vaccine-11644160096963.html|website=Livemint|date=2 February 2022}}</ref>


As of 10 March 2021, India had distributed over 58 million vaccine doses to 65 nations through the scheme.<ref name=":0" />
=== Vaccine deployment strategies ===
Optimizing vaccination deployment for India<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mandal|first1=Sandip|last2=Arinaminpathy|first2=Nimalan|last3=Bhargava|first3=Balram|last4=Panda|first4=Samiran|date=2021-07-01|title=Responsive and agile vaccination strategies against COVID-19 in India|journal=The Lancet Global Health|volume=9|issue=9|pages=e1197–e1200|language=English|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00284-9|issn=2214-109X|pmid=34217378|pmc=8248922}}</ref> includes tailoring of strategies to the demographic and epidemiologic situation by modeling vaccination scenarios,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-02-01|title=Comparing COVID-19 vaccine allocation strategies in India: A mathematical modelling study|journal=International Journal of Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=103|pages=431–438|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.075|issn=1201-9712|pmc=7834611|last1=Foy|first1=Brody H.|last2=Wahl|first2=Brian|last3=Mehta|first3=Kayur|last4=Shet|first4=Anita|last5=Menon|first5=Gautam I.|last6=Britto|first6=Carl|pmid=33388436}}</ref> explore measures to reach children at risk<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gurnani|first1=Vandana|last2=Haldar|first2=Pradeep|last3=Aggarwal|first3=Mahesh Kumar|last4=Das|first4=Manoja Kumar|last5=Chauhan|first5=Ashish|last6=Murray|first6=John|last7=Arora|first7=Narendra Kumar|last8=Jhalani|first8=Manoj|last9=Sudan|first9=Preeti|date=2018-12-07|title=Improving vaccination coverage in India: lessons from Intensified Mission Indradhanush, a cross-sectoral systems strengthening strategy|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4782|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=363|pages=k4782|doi=10.1136/bmj.k4782|issn=0959-8138|pmid=30530467|pmc=6282735}}</ref> and co-optimizing vaccination strategy for societal and individual benefit in parallel.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hunziker|first=Patrick|date=2021-07-24|title=Personalized-dose Covid-19 vaccination in a wave of virus Variants of Concern: Trading individual efficacy for societal benefit|url=https://precisionnanomedicine.com/article/26101-personalized-dose-covid-19-vaccination-in-a-wave-of-virus-variants-of-concern-trading-individual-efficacy-for-societal-benefit|journal=Precision Nanomedicine|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=805–820|doi=10.33218/001c.26101|doi-access=free}}</ref>


=== Vaccine on order ===
=== Vaccine on order ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center";
|+
|+
!Vaccine
!Vaccine
!Status
!Status
!Production Capacity
!Planned Capacity
!Doses ordered
!Doses ordered
!Approval
!Approval
Line 163: Line 354:
|[[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Covishield]]
|[[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Covishield]]
| {{yes C|In use}}
| {{yes C|In use}}
| style="text-align:Center;" |500 million<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Corona vaccine update: At 1.6 billion doses, India No. 1 in deals for Covid vaccine: Study &#124; India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/at-1-6-billion-doses-india-no-1-in-deals-for-covid-vaccine-study/articleshow/79555922.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|840 million <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Manavi Kapur, Niharika|title=Adar Poonawalla has confusing—and often contradictory—reasons for India's vaccine shortage|url=https://qz.com/india/2006883/what-adar-poonawalla-said-about-indias-covid-vaccine-shortage/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Quartz|language=en}}</ref>
|{{yes C|01 January 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Covid vaccine approved, three more awaiting nod, confirms Javadekar &#124; India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/oxford-covid-vaccine-approved-three-more-awaiting-nod-confirms-javadekar/articleshow/80073961.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| -
|{{yes C|16 January 2021}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Perappadan |first=Bindu Shajan |date=9 January 2021 |title=Coronavirus &#124; First phase of vaccination to start on January 16 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-to-start-covid-19-vaccination-drive-on-jan-16/article33536670.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
| style="text-align:Center;" |750 million <ref name=":HT12" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-14|title=Centre pins hopes on 5 Covid vaccines apart from Covishield, Covaxin, Sputnik|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-pins-hopes-on-5-covid-vaccines-apart-from-covishield-covaxin-sputnik-101620963914257.html|access-date=2021-06-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|{{yes C|01 January 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Covid vaccine approved, three more awaiting nod, confirms Javadekar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/oxford-covid-vaccine-approved-three-more-awaiting-nod-confirms-javadekar/articleshow/80073961.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|{{yes C|16 January 2021}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |last=Perappadan |first=Bindu Shajan |date=9 January 2021 |title=Coronavirus &#124; First phase of vaccination to start on January 16 |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-to-start-covid-19-vaccination-drive-on-jan-16/article33536670.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[BBV152|Covaxin]]
|[[Covaxin]]
| {{yes C|In use}}
| {{yes C|In use}}
| style="text-align:Center;" |10 million
|700 million <ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-04-20|title=Bharat Biotech ramps up Covaxin production capacity to 700 mn doses per annum|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/bharat-biotech-ramps-up-covaxin-production-capacity-to-700-mn-doses-per-annum/article34367039.ece|access-date=2021-05-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|{{yes C|01 January 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Wait Over, Drug Regulator Says Covid Vaccines Cleared "110% Safe" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/oxford-covid-19-vaccine-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-get-final-approval-by-drug-regulator-will-be-indias-first-vaccines-2347053 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
| -
| style="text-align:Center;" |550 million <ref name=":HT12">{{cite news|title=Over 2 billion vaccines to be available by Dec: Centre|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/over-2bn-vaccines-to-be-available-by-dec-centre-101620931132370.html|website=HindustanTimes|date=14 May 2021|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|{{yes C|03 January 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Wait Over, Drug Regulator Says Covid Vaccines Cleared "110% Safe" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/oxford-covid-19-vaccine-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-get-final-approval-by-drug-regulator-will-be-indias-first-vaccines-2347053 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|{{yes C|16 January 2021}}<ref name="auto1" />
|{{yes C|16 January 2021}}<ref name="auto1" />
|-
|-
|[[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]]
|[[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]]
|{{maybe |Approved for use}}
|{{yes C|In use}}
|100 million<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=December 4, 2020 |title=Corona vaccine update: At 1.6 billion doses, India No. 1 in deals for Covid vaccine: Study |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/at-1-6-billion-doses-india-no-1-in-deals-for-covid-vaccine-study/articleshow/79555922.cms |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|140 million
|{{yes C|12 April 2021}}<ref name=“sputnik”/>  
| -
|156 million <ref>{{cite news|title=Covid 19: India gets third vaccine, Sputnik V|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/covid-19-india-gets-third-vaccine-sputnik-v-launched-at-rs-995-dose/2252191/|publisher=Financial Express|date=15 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=":HT12" />
|{{yes C|12 April 2021}}<ref name="sputnik"/>
|{{yes C|14 May 2021}}<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Not stated-->  |title=Dr Reddy's administers first dose of Sputnik V vaccine as part of pilot project |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/dr-reddy-s-administers-first-dose-of-sputnik-v-vaccine-in-india-as-part-of-pilot-project-11620978248214.html |work=mint |date=14 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Corbevax]]
|{{yes C|In use}}
| -
| 960 million <ref name=":MC1">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 Vaccines: Biological E to begin producing 75-80 million doses of vaccine candidate from August 2021|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/covid-19-vaccines-biological-e-to-begin-producing-75-80-million-doses-of-vaccine-candidate-from-august-2021-6865621.html|website=Money Control|date=7 May 2021|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|300 million <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bharadwaj|first=Swati|date=3 June 2021|title=Bio E to get Rs 1,500 crore advance from government to reserve 30 crore doses of Corbevax|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/bio-e-to-get-rs-1500-crore-advance-from-government-to-reserve-30-crore-doses-of-corbevax/articleshow/83197897.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-03|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603065628/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/bio-e-to-get-rs-1500-crore-advance-from-government-to-reserve-30-crore-doses-of-corbevax/articleshow/83197897.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 }}</ref>
|{{yes C|28 December 2021}}<ref name="2vac">{{cite news |last1=Achom |first1=Debasish |title=India Clears 2 New Vaccines And Merck's Covid Pill |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-2-more-vaccines-covovax-and-corbevax-and-anti-viral-drug-molnupiravir-cleared-in-india-2675170 |work=NDTV.com |date=28 December 2021}}</ref>
|{{yes C|16 March 2022}}<ref name="Sushmi Dey">{{Cite web |author=Sushmi Dey|date=Mar 26, 2022 |title=Ahead of new school session, 1 crore kids aged 12-14 get 1st Covid shot {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ahead-of-new-school-session-1-crore-kids-aged-12-14-get-1st-covid-shot/articleshow/90450283.cms |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]]
|{{yes C|Approved}}
| Import only<ref>{{cite news |title=Government nod for Cipla to import Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/cipla-gets-indian-government-nod-to-import-modernas-covid-19-vaccine/article35031489.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2021-06-29 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| -
| -
|{{yes C|29 June 2021}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Rhythma |title=Moderna's Covid vaccine approved for use in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/modernas-covid-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-india-101624990937539.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=2021-06-29 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{No X|Order Cancelled}}<ref name="order-cancelled">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-not-buy-pfizer-moderna-covid-19-vaccines-as-local-production-jumps-report-101632241304079.html|title = India to not buy Pfizer, Moderna Covid-19 vaccines as local production jumps: Report|date = 21 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine|Johnson & Johnson]]
|{{yes C|Approved}}
| -
| 8 million<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/25/india-to-make-available-8-million-doses-of-jj-covid-vaccine-pm-modi-at-quad-summit-2363513.html|title=India to make available 8 million doses of J&J Covid vaccine: PM Modi at Quad Summit}}</ref>
| -
|{{yes C|7 Aug 2021}} <ref>{{Cite web|title=Johnson & Johnson's Single-Dose Covid Vaccine Approved In India|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/johnson-and-johnsons-single-dose-covid-vaccine-gets-approval-for-emergency-use-in-india-tweets-health-minister-2504931|access-date=2021-08-07|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|{{No X|Not yet}}<ref name=":3"/>
|-
|[[ZyCoV-D]]
|{{yes C|Approved}}
| -
|240 million <ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021-04-24|title=Cadila Healthcare starts production of Covid vaccine candidate|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/cadila-healthcare-starts-production-of-covid-vaccine-candidate-11619244017749.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
| 10 million<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umarji |first=Vinay |date=2021-11-08 |title=Cadila Healthcare gets Central govt order to supply 10 mn doses of ZyCoV-D |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/cadila-healthcare-gets-central-govt-order-to-supply-10-mn-doses-of-zycov-d-121110801498_1.html |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref>
|{{yes C|20 August 2021}}<ref name="ZyCoV-D approved">{{cite news |title=India gives emergency approval for world's first COVID-19 DNA vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/india-approves-zydus-cadilas-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-08-20/ |work=Reuters |date=20 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|-
|-
|[[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine|Covovax]]
|[[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine|Covovax]]
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{yes C|Approved}}
|1 billion<ref name="auto" />
| -
|{{No X|Not yet}}
| -
|200 million <ref name=":HT12" />
|{{yes C|28 December 2021}}<ref name="2vac"/>
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|-
|-
<!-- |[[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]]
|[[Sputnik Light]]
|{{yes C|Approved}}
| -
| -
| -
|{{yes C|6 February 2022}}<ref name="livemint.com"/>
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|{{No X|Not yet}}
|- -->
|}
|}
In September 2021, India's government announced that it would not buy COVID-19 shots from Pfizer (PFE.N)/BioNTech (22UAy.DE) and Moderna (MRNA.O), mainly because the domestic output of more affordable and easier-to-store vaccines of Serum Institute of India, Bharat Biotech & Cadila Healthcare has jumped.
India will make 8 million doses of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine available by the end of October under the Quad vaccine partnership.<ref name=":3"/><ref name="Sushmi Dey"/>


===Vaccines in trial stage===
===Vaccines in trial stage===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center";
|+
|+
!Vaccine
!Vaccine
Line 203: Line 438:
!Phase III  
!Phase III  
!No. of Participants in Clinical Trial
!No. of Participants in Clinical Trial
!Planned Capacity
|-
|-
|[[ZyCoV-D]]
|[[BBV154]]
| DNA (plasmid expressing SARS‑CoV‑2 S protein)
| Adenovirus vector (intranasal)
| {{yes C| Completed}}
| {{yes C| Completed}}
| {{yes C| Completed}}
| {{operational|In progress}}
| style="text-align:Center;" |30000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/health/30000-volunteers-60-sites-indias-3rd-covid-vaccine-candidate-zycov-d-set-for-final-trials/580367/|title=30,000 volunteers, 60 sites — India's 3rd Covid vaccine candidate ZYCoV-D set for final trials|date=6 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bio E COVID-19]]
| Subunit (using an antigen)
| {{yes C| Completed}}
| {{yes C| Completed}}
| {{operational|In progress}}
| style="text-align:Center;" <ref> https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bio-e-vaccine-candidate-gets-ph-iii-trial-nod/articleshow/82237633.cms </ref> |360+ 1,268  <ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Leo L |title= Biological E initiates human trials of vaccine |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/biological-e-starts-human-trials-of-baylor-college-s-covid-19-vaccine-11605525030199.html |work=Mint |date=16 November 2020 | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref>
|-
|[[HGC019]]
| RNA
| {{operational|In progress}}
| {{operational|In progress}}
| {{pending}}
| {{pending}}
| {{pending}}
| style="text-align:Center;" |120<ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Raghavan P |title=Pune-based Gennova to begin human trials of its Covid vaccine 'soon' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pune-based-gennova-to-begin-human-trials-of-its-covid-vaccine-soon-7105081/ |work=The Indian Express |date=15 December 2020 | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref>
| style="text-align:Center;" |175<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharat Biotech's intranasal vaccine for COVID-19: Everything we know so far about BBV154 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/bharat-biotechs-intranasal-vaccine-for-covid-19-everything-we-know-so-far-about-bbv154-9408701.html |work=Tech2 |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Prabhu |first1=Sunil |title=Bharat Biotech's 1st Nasal Covid Vaccine Gets Phase 2/3 Trial Nod |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bbv154-bharat-biotechs-1st-nasal-covid-vaccine-gets-phase-2-3-trial-nod-2509898 |access-date=13 August 2021 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|100 million<ref name=":HT12" />
|-
|-
|[[BBV154]]
|[[HGC019]]
| Adenovirus vector (intranasal)
| mRNA
| {{yes C| Completed}}
| {{operational|In progress}}
| {{operational|In progress}}
| {{pending}}
| {{pending}}
| {{pending}}
| style="text-align:Center;" |175<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharat Biotech’s intranasal vaccine for COVID-19: Everything we know so far about BBV154- Technology News, Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/bharat-biotechs-intranasal-vaccine-for-covid-19-everything-we-know-so-far-about-bbv154-9408701.html |work=Tech2 |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |date=12 March 2021}}</ref>
| style="text-align:Center;" |120  <ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Raghavan P |title=Pune-based Gennova to begin human trials of its Covid vaccine 'soon' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pune-based-gennova-to-begin-human-trials-of-its-covid-vaccine-soon-7105081/ |work=The Indian Express |date=15 December 2020 | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref>
|60 million <ref name=":HT12" />
|-
|-
|}
|}
== Vaccine Maitri ==
{{Main|Vaccine Maitri}}
'''Vaccine Maitri''' (''English:'' '''Vaccine Friendship''')<ref>{{Cite web  |date=2021-03-05 |title=Vaccine Maitri: Consignment of covid vaccines airlifted for Guyana, Jamaica |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/vaccine-maitri-consignment-of-covid-vaccines-airlifted-for-guyana-jamaica-nicaragua-11614930238803.html |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=mint}}</ref> is a [[humanitarian]] initiative undertaken by the [[Government of India|Indian government]] to provide [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s to countries around the world.<ref name="hbl-maitri">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/vaccine-maitri-a-sanjeevini-for-the-world/article33989241.ece |title=Vaccine Maitri: A Sanjeevini for the world |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]]}}</ref> The government started providing vaccines from 20 January 2021. As of 6{{nbs}}March 2022, India had delivered around 16.3 cror doses of vaccines to 96 countries.<ref name="MEA">{{Cite web |title=Ministry of External Affairs – Government of India |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/vaccine-supply.htm |website=Ministry of External Affairs – Government of India}}</ref> Of these, 1.43 cror doses were gifted to 46 countries by the [[Government of India]]. The remaining 10.71 cror were supplied by the vaccine producer under its commercial and, 4.15 cror doses were supplied throw [[COVAX]] obligations. In late March 2021, the [[Government of India]] temporarily froze exports of the [[Covishield]], citing [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|India's own COVID crisis]] and the domestic need for these vaccines.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-24 |title=Coronavirus: India temporarily halts Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine exports |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56513371 |access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref>
The Health Minister of India, [[Mansukh Mandaviya|Mr. Mansukh Mandaviya]] announced in September that India will resume the export of vaccines from October to the rest of the world.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-21|title=Covid vaccine: India to resume vaccine exports from October|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-58634570|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India Pledges Support To UN To Ensure Syria Gets Covid Vaccines|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-pledges-support-to-un-to-ensure-syria-gets-covid-vaccines-2382459|access-date=2021-03-23|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
[[File:Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (Indian version) 2021 L.jpeg|thumb|250px|<!--[[wp:caption]] "Not every image ..."-->]]
[[File:Indian-vaccine-to-covid-19.svg|thumb|Countries that received doses of the Indian-made  [[BBV152|Covaxin]] as of 6{{nbs}}March 2021]]
200,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were gifted by India to the [[UN peacekeepers]] on 27 March to be distributed to all peacekeeping missions.<ref>[https://www.livemint.com/news/world/indias-gift-to-un-peacekeepers-200-000-covid-vaccine-doses-11616728538185.html India's 'gift' to UN peacekeepers: 200,000 Covid vaccine doses], Mint, 26 March 2021.</ref>
===Vaccines===
India has two approved COVID-19 vaccines: [[Covishield]] and [[Covaxin]]. Both of them were exported and used in foreign grants by the Government of India.
====Covishield====
{{main|Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine}}
[[File:Covishield (2021) K (cropped).jpg|200px|thumb|A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.]]
On 1 January 2021, the [[Drug Controller General of India]], approved the emergency or conditional use of [[Covishield]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 vaccine Covishield gets approval from DCGI's expert panel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-serum-institute-of-indias-covid-19-vaccine-covishield-likely-to-be-approved-for-emergency-use-in-india/article33472324.ece |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=1 January 2021}}</ref> Covishield is developed by the [[University of Oxford]] and its spin-out company, [[Vaccitech]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine authorised for emergency supply in the UK |url=https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-in-uk.html |access-date=2 January 2021 |agency=AstraZeneca |publisher=AstraZeneca |date=30 December 2020}}</ref>
====Covaxin====
{{main|Covaxin}}
[[File:Bharat Biotech Covaxin Bangalore BESTpedia.jpg|200px|thumb|A vial of Covaxin, India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine by Bharat Biotech]]
On 2 January 2021, [[Covaxin]] India's first COVID-19 vaccine, developed by [[Bharat Biotech]] in association with the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] and [[National Institute of Virology]] received approval from the Drug Controller General of India for its emergency or conditional usage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Expert panel recommends Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for restricted emergency use |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/expert-panel-clears-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-amid-uk-virus-strain-what-you-need-to-know-3240500.html |access-date=2 January 2021 |publisher=News18 |date=2 January 2021}}</ref>
===Vaccine supply===
India kicked off international shipment of the vaccines on 20 January 2021, only four days after starting its own vaccination program.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacherjee |first=Kallol |date=2021-01-20 |title=Coronavirus {{!}} India begins COVID-19 vaccine shipment for six countries-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-vaccines-sent-by-india-reach-bhutan-and-maldives/article33617617.ece |access-date=2021-03-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Bhutan and Maldives were the first countries to receive vaccines as a grant by India. This was quickly followed by shipments to Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Seychelles.<ref name=":1" /> By mid-March 2021, India was also supplying vaccines on a commercial basis to countries including Canada,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-03 |title=Covid-19: Canada receives 500,000 doses of Covishield vaccine made in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid19-canada-receives-500-doses-of-made-in-india-covishield-vaccine-101614795096065.html |access-date=2021-03-15 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> the UK,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Acharya |first=Bhargav |date=2021-03-03 |title=UK to receive 10 million AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine doses from India's Serum Institute |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-britain-india-idUSKCN2AV0A2 |access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref> and Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Krishna N. |date=2021-01-26 |title=Exclusive: Saudi Arabia to get three million AstraZeneca shots in about a week from India |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-india-saudi-idUSKBN29V0A9 |access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref>
As of 21 February 2022, India had exported total 16,29,63,500 doses including 1,42,67,000 vaccine provided as grant to more than 96 nations and, UN Peacekeepers and UN Health workers.<ref name="MEA"/>
The [[Serum Institute of India]] was selected as a key supplier of cost-effective COVID-19 vaccines to the [[COVAX]] initiative,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-03 |title=WHO-led Covax vaccine scheme agrees to new supply deal with Serum Institute of India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/who-led-covax-vaccine-scheme-agrees-new-supply-deal-with-serum-institute-of-india7173379/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> 19.8 million doses of [[Covishield]] vaccines were supplied by India to various countries through the initiative.<ref name="MEA"/>
In May, when COVAX was already short 140 million doses,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazumdar |first=Tulip |date=2021-05-17 |title=India's Covid crisis hits Covax vaccine-sharing scheme |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57135368 |access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> the Serum Institute announced that it expected to maintain its suspension of vaccine deliveries to COVAX through the end of 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Findlay |first1=Stephanie |last2=Pilling |first2=David |date=18 May 2021 |title=Indian vaccine maker extends freeze on export of Covid jabs |url=https://www.ft.com/content/63fbbb79-f657-4e6c-b190-cffd0d630593 |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> due to the second wave of COVID-19 in India<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-26|title=Covid-19: Has India's deadly second wave peaked?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-57225922|access-date=2021-07-23}}</ref> and the US ban on export of key raw materials.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-covid-19-vaccination-in-poorer-nations-has-slowed-posing-global-risks-11618826934 "Why Covid-19 Vaccination in Poorer Nations Has Slowed, Posing Global Risks"]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</ref>
=== International reaction ===
==== International organizations ====
* [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]: IMF chief economist [[Gita Gopinath]] lauded India for playing a key role during the crisis by dispatching vaccines to many countries. She said "I also want to mention that India really stands out in terms of its vaccine policy. If you look at where exactly is one manufacturing hub for vaccines in the world{{snd}}that will be India."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-at-forefront-in-fighting-covid-19-stands-out-in-vaccine-policy-says-imfs-gita-gopinath/story/433342.html |title=India 'at forefront' in fighting COVID-19; 'stands out' in vaccine policy, says IMF's Gita Gopinath |access-date=12 March 2021 |publisher=Business Today}}</ref>
==== Countries ====
* {{flag|Jamaica}}<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/african-caribbean-nations-support-india-at-wto-on-covid-19-vaccine-supplies/article33988670.ece |title=African, Caribbean nations support India at WTO on COVID-19 vaccine supplies |access-date=10 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 March 2021 }}</ref> of the [[Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States|OACPS]] has thanked Indian efforts in delivering vaccines to developing and least developed countries.
* {{Flag|Nepal}}  Prime minister [[KP Sharma Oli|Khadga Prasad Oli]] thanked India stating; "We got an early chance to administer the Covid-19 vaccine. For this, I thank our neighbouring nation [[India]], its government, the people, and especially Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. They sent 10 lakh doses of vaccines to us as a grant within a week of the roll-out in India."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepal PM thanks India for coronavirus vaccines|url=https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/nepal-pm-thanks-india-for-coronavirus-vaccines-359684|access-date=2021-07-16|website=WION|language=en}}</ref>
* {{flag|St. Lucia}} on behalf of [[Caribbean Community|CARICOM]] thanked India for providing vaccine supplies to them.<ref name="hindu1" /><ref name="hbl-maitri2">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/indias-vaccine-maitri-initiative-earns-praise-at-wto/article33979754.ece |title=India's 'Vaccine Maitri' initiative earns praise at WTO |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]]}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Barbados}} Prime Minister [[Mia Amor Mottley]] thanked Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] for the supply of "Made in India" COVID-19 vaccines. She tweeted, "PM Modi made it possible for more than 40,000 persons in Barbados and tens of thousands elsewhere, to receive their 1st dose of COVISHIELD via Vaccine Maitri before receiving his. A genuine demonstration of generosity. Thank you and we wish you continued good health."<ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/barbados-prime-minister-thanks-pm-modi-for-supply-of-covid-vaccines-2383811 Barbados Prime Minister Thanks PM Modi For Supply Of Covid Vaccines], NDTV, 4 March 2021.</ref>
* {{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} Prime Minister [[Gaston Browne]] had thanked Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] "for demonstrating an act of benevolence, kindness and empathy", for sending vaccines to Caribbean countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/tajikistan-belize-receive-made-in-india-covid-19-vaccines/ |title=Vaccine Maitri: Tajikistan, Belize, Jamaica Receive 'Made in India' COVID-19 Vaccines |date=9 March 2021 |access-date=11 March 2021 |publisher=[[The Eurasian Times]]}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Afghanistan}} Afghanistan's ambassador to India Farid Mamundzay said "Thank you, India for providing Afghan people lifesaving gift on the first day of 2022!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-supplies-5-lakh-more-covid-vaccine-covaxin-doses-to-afghanistan-11641195792424.html|title = India supplies 5 lakh more Covid vaccine Covaxin doses to Afghanistan|date = 3 January 2022}}</ref>
==== Leaders who received vaccines provided by India ====
* {{Flag |Cambodia}} – [[Heng Samrin]], [[Say Chhum]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/top-cambodian-leaders-receive-1st-shot-of-india-made-covid-19-vaccine-121031100342_1.html |title=Top Cambodian leaders receive 1st shot of India-made Covid-19 vaccine |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=11 March 2021 |access-date=11 March 2021 |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
* {{Flag |Nepal}} – [[KP Sharma Oli]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/vaccine-updates/story/nepal-pm-kp-sharma-oli-receives-india-made-covishield-covid-19-vaccine-1776664-2021-03-07 |title=Nepal PM KP Sharma Oli receives shot of India-made Covishield Covid vaccine |access-date=11 March 2021 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
=== Gallery ===
<gallery>
COVID-19 vaccine from India to Seychelles.jpg|COVID-19 vaccine from India arrives at [[Seychelles]].
File:Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil (2021) A.jpg|Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to [[Brazil]].
File:Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil (2021) D.jpg|Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil.
File:Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India 02.jpg|Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India.
</gallery>


==Vaccination rollout statistics by State or UT==
==Vaccination rollout statistics by State or UT==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; width:100px; margin:0px 0px 0em 0em;"
 
! scope="col" style="width:20em;" rowspan="2" |State/union territory
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; width:100px; margin:0px 0px 0em 0em;"
! scope="col" | Population (2011 census)
! scope="col" style="width:20em;" rowspan="1" |State/union territory
! scope="col" | 1st dose
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Population (2021 census projection)
! scope="col" | 2nd dose
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | 1st dose
! scope="col" |Cumulative doses administered  
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | 2nd dose
!Percentage of people given at least one dose
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Precautionary/ Booster Dose
!Percentage of people fully vaccinated
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Cumulative doses administered
|- class="sorttop"
! data-sort-type="number" | Percentage of people given one dose
! 121.06 crores
! data-sort-type="number" | Percentage of people fully vaccinated
! 107,371,770
|-class="sorttop"
! 16,480,796
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in India|India]]
! 123,852,566
! 1,38,94,19,783
! 8.86%
! 1,01,25,58,641
! 1.36%
! 90,40,31,986
! 4,01,46,387
! 1,95,67,37,014
! {{percentage|1,01,25,58,641|1,389,419,783}}
! {{percentage|90,40,31,986|1,389,419,783}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| 3,80,581
| 4,00,000
| 71,357
| 3,43,506
| 6,879
| 3,40,811
| 78,236
| 26,407
| 18.75%
| 7,10,724
| 1.80%
| {{percentage|3,43,506|4,00,000}}
| {{percentage|3,40,811|4,00,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
| 4,95,77,103
| 5,27,87,000
| 40,13,148
| 4,46,28,554
| 5,99,876
| 4,74,81,050
| 46,13,024
| 42,14,776
| 8.09%
| 9,63,24,380
| 1.21%
| {{percentage|4,46,28,554|5,27,87,000}}
| {{percentage|4,74,81,050|5,27,87,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 13,83,727
| 15,33,000
| 1,35,397
| 9,18,081
| 37,272
| 7,70,753
| 1,72,669
| 35,195
| 9.78%
| 17,24,029
| 2.69%
| {{percentage|9,18,081|15,33,000}}
| {{percentage|7,70,753|15,33,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Assam|Assam]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Assam|Assam]]
| 3,12,05,576
| 3,50,43,000
| 13,03,062
| 2,44,63,545
| 2,94,473
| 2,10,98,119
| 15,97,535
| 5,72,466
| 4.18%
| 4,61,34,130
| 0.94%
| {{percentage|2,44,63,545|3,50,43,000}}
| {{percentage|2,10,98,119|3,50,43,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar|Bihar]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar|Bihar]]
| 10,40,99,452
| 12,30,83,000
| 49,85,475
| 7,09,68,816
| 7,02,078
| 6,07,99,671
| 56,87,553
| 23,87,222
| 4.79%
| 13,41,55,709
| 0.67%
| {{percentage|7,09,68,816|12,30,83,000}}
| {{percentage|6,07,99,671|12,30,83,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]]
| 10,55,450
| 12,08,000
| 1,19,500
| 11,76,946
| 26,100
| 9,61,527
| 1,45,600
| 50,615
| 11.32%
| 21,89,088
| 2.47%
| {{percentage|11,76,946|12,08,000}}
| {{percentage|9,61,527|12,08,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
| 2,55,45,198
| 2,94,93,000
| 44,49,075
| 2,06,98,184
| 5,08,082
| 1,84,71,001
| 49,57,157
| 5,95,922
| 17.42%
| 3,97,65,107
| 1.99%
| {{percentage|2,06,98,184|2,94,93,000}}
| {{percentage|1,84,71,001|2,94,93,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" | [[COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]  
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
| 3,43,709
| 6,08,000
| 36,672
| 4,58,121
| 6,623
| 3,46,904
| 43,295
| 10,213
| 10.67%
| 8,15,238
| 1.93%
| {{percentage|4,58,121|6,08,000}}
| {{percentage|3,46,904|6,08,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" | [[COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Daman and Diu]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Daman and Diu]]
| 2,43,247
| 4,09,000
| 35,693
| 3,18,849
| 4,691
| 2,75,911
| 40,384
| 10,700
| 14.67%
| 6,05,460
| 1.93%
| {{percentage|3,18,849|4,09,000}}
| {{percentage|2,75,911|4,09,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi|Delhi]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi|Delhi]]
| 1,67,87,941
| 2,05,71,000
| 21,62,311
| 1,80,93,817
| 4,58,984
| 1,52,00,377
| 26,21,295
| 13,20,306
| 12.88%
| 3,46,14,500
| 2.73%
| {{percentage|1,80,93,817|2,05,71,000}}
| {{percentage|1,52,00,377|2,05,71,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Goa|Goa]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Goa|Goa]]
| 14,58,545
| 15,59,000
| 1,98,368
| 14,34,149
| 46,209
| 12,81,932
| 2,44,577
| 59,419
| 8.80%
| 27,75,500
| 1.85%
| {{percentage|14,34,149|15,59,000}}
| {{percentage|12,81,932|15,59,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
| 6,04,39,692
| 6,97,88,000
| 89,92,115
| 5,40,09,388
| 14,59,131
| 5,29,59,290
| 1,04,51,246
| 36,74,816
| 12.40%
| 11,06,43,494
| 1.61%
| {{percentage|5,40,09,388|6,97,88,000}}
| {{percentage|5,29,59,290|6,97,88,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana|Haryana]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana|Haryana]]
| 2,53,51,462
| 2,94,83,000
| 27,40,753
| 2,35,54,505
| 3,25,563
| 1,93,50,790
| 30,66,316
| 8,25,832
| 7.65%
| 4,37,31,127
| 0.70%
| {{percentage|2,35,54,505|2,94,83,000}}
| {{percentage|1,93,50,790|2,94,83,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 68,64,602
| 73,94,000
| 11,53,057
| 65,98,001
| 1,36,443
| 62,12,138
| 12,89,500
| 3,80,736
| 10.80%
| 1,31,90,875
| 1.46%
| {{percentage|65,98,001|73,94,000}}
| {{percentage|62,12,138|73,94,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 1,22,67,032
| 1,34,08,000
| 13,86,613
| 1,13,16,227
| 2,35,537
| 1,13,90,693
| 16,22,150
| 4,50,867
| 8.10%
| 2,31,57,787
| 1.49%
| {{percentage|1,13,16,227|1,34,08,000}}
| {{percentage|1,13,90,693|1,34,08,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
| 3,29,88,134
| 3,84,71,000
| 24,27,168
| 2,34,27,973
| 3,48,265
| 1,65,87,053
| 27,75,433
| 3,86,223
| 5.62%
| 4,04,01,249
| 0.85%
| {{percentage|2,34,27,973|3,84,71,000}}
| {{percentage|1,65,87,053|3,84,71,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
| 6,10,95,297
| 6,68,45,000
| 65,32,579
| 5,46,64,593
| 7,64,192
| 5,31,16,037
| 72,96,771
| 28,56,475
| 8.08%
| 11,06,37,105
| 0.86%
| {{percentage|5,46,64,593|6,68,45,000}}
| {{percentage|5,31,16,037|6,68,45,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala|Kerala]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala|Kerala]]
| 3,34,06,061
| 3,54,89,000
| 51,89,796
| 2,88,60,790
| 6,80,436
| 2,46,94,647
| 58,70,232
| 18,92,337
| 14.18%
| 5,54,47,774
| 1.85%
| {{percentage|2,88,60,790|3,54,89,000}}
| {{percentage|2,46,94,647|3,54,89,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh|Ladakh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh|Ladakh]]
| 2,74,000
| 2,97,000
| 67,185
| 2,37,187
| 10,672
| 1,99,965
| 77,857
| 71,069
| 23.32%
| 5,08,221
| 2.68%
| {{percentage|2,37,187|2,97,000}}
| {{percentage|1,99,965|2,97,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]]
| 64,473
| 68,000
| 15,125
| 61,481
| 3,099
| 58,786
| 18,224
| 4,150
| 12.90%
| 1,24,417
| 3.58%
| {{percentage|61,481|68,000}}
| {{percentage|58,786|68,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 7,26,26,809
| 8,45,16,000
| 65,66,455
| 6,03,94,658
| 7,63,446
| 5,77,67,097
| 73,29,901
| 15,75,704
| 6.40%
| 11,97,37,459
| 0.80%
| {{percentage|6,03,94,658|8,45,16,000}}
| {{percentage|5,77,67,097|8,45,16,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| 11,23,74,333
| 12,44,37,000
| 1,09,59,587
| 9,06,60,320
| 13,14,386
| 7,41,50,393
| 1,22,73,973
| 32,80,617
| 7.50%
| 16,80,91,330
| 0.80%
| {{percentage|9,06,60,320|12,44,37,000}}
| {{percentage|7,41,50,393|12,44,37,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur|Manipur]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur|Manipur]]
| 25,70,390
| 31,65,000
| 1,02,997
| 15,83,386
| 50,127
| 12,46,921
| 1,53,124
| 1,02,770
| 3.38%
| 29,33,077
| 1.60%
| {{percentage|15,83,386|31,65,000}}
| {{percentage|12,46,921|31,65,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
| 29,66,889
| 32,88,000
| 1,25,611
| 14,25,886
| 43,967
| 10,57,028
| 1,69,578
| 46,084
| 3.31%
| 25,28,998
| 1.24%
| {{percentage|14,25,886|32,88,000}}
| {{percentage|10,57,028|32,88,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram|Mizoram]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram|Mizoram]]
| 10,97,206
| 12,16,000
| 1,22,419
| 8,78,536
| 31,764
| 7,11,158
| 1,54,183
| 48,532
| 6.15%
| 16,38,226
| 1.78%
| {{percentage|8,78,536|12,16,000}}
| {{percentage|7,11,158|12,16,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland|Nagaland]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland|Nagaland]]
| 19,78,502
| 21,92,000
| 1,09,570
| 9,12,550
| 30,536
| 7,24,408
| 1,40,106
| 33,829
| 3.65%
| 16,70,787
| 1.29%
| {{percentage|9,12,550|21,92,000}}
| {{percentage|7,24,408|21,92,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha|Odisha]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha|Odisha]]
| 4,19,74,219
| 4,56,96,000
| 43,11,575
| 3,47,93,995
| 6,18,792
| 3,15,83,796
| 49,30,367
| 15,00,574
| 7.88%
| 6,78,78,365
| 1.07%
| {{percentage|3,47,93,995|4,56,96,000}}
| {{percentage|3,15,83,796|4,56,96,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry|Puducherry]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry|Puducherry]]
| 12,47,953
| 15,71,000
| 1,51,684
| 9,69,574
| 13,963
| 7,29,374
| 1,65,647
| 27,271
| 6.52%
| 17,26,219
| 0.70%
| {{percentage|9,69,574|15,71,000}}
| {{percentage|7,29,374|15,71,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India|Punjab]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab|Punjab]]
| 2,77,43,338
| 3,03,39,000
| 22,05,090
| 2,39,03,346
| 2,13,042
| 1,96,94,650
| 24,18,132
| 6,90,578
| 5.16%
| 4,42,88,574
| 0.50%
| {{percentage|2,39,03,346|3,03,39,000}}
| {{percentage|1,96,94,650|3,03,39,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
| 6,85,48,437
| 7,92,81,000
| 94,59,005
| 5,64,48,182
| 14,25,801
| 4,86,39,892
| 1,08,84,806
| 20,30,239
| 11.33%
| 10,71,18,313
| 1.51%
| {{percentage|5,64,48,182|7,92,81,000}}
| {{percentage|4,86,39,892|7,92,81,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim|Sikkim]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim|Sikkim]]
| 6,10,577
| 6,77,000
| 1,40,119
| 5,86,991
| 20,939
| 5,43,380
| 1,61,058
| 38,760
| 14.75%
| 11,69,131
| 2.36%
| {{percentage|5,86,991|6,77,000}}
| {{percentage|5,43,380|6,77,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
| 7,21,47,030
| 7,64,02,000
| 40,91,849
| 5,93,56,840
| 6,20,052
| 5,16,45,101
| 47,11,901
| 11,94,734
| 4.24%
| 11,21,96,675
| 0.47%
| {{percentage|5,93,56,840|7,64,02,000}}
| {{percentage|5,16,45,101|7,64,02,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana|Telangana]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana|Telangana]]
| 3,50,03,674
| 3,77,25,000
| 25,91,197
| 3,22,18,136
| 3,69,108
| 3,06,90,601
| 29,60,305
| 8,97,738
| 4.30%
| 6,38,06,475
| 0.79%
| {{percentage|3,22,18,136|3,77,25,000}}
| {{percentage|3,06,90,601|3,77,25,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura|Tripura]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura|Tripura]]
| 36,73,917
| 40,71,000
| 7,69,529
| 28,81,012
| 1,16,602
| 24,28,446
| 8,86,131
| 1,40,823
| 18.99%
| 54,50,281
| 2.38%
| {{percentage|28,81,012|40,71,000}}
| {{percentage|24,28,446|40,71,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 19,98,12,341
| 23,09,07,000
| 91,06,356
| 17,50,48,912
| 16,12,019
| 15,61,43,484
| 1,07,18,375
| 33,57,825
| 3.48%
| 33,45,50,221
| 0.60%
| {{percentage|17,50,48,912|23,09,07,000}}
| {{percentage|15,61,43,484|23,09,07,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
| 1,00,86,292
| 1,13,99,000
| 13,26,582
| 90,38,655
| 2,41,590
| 84,61,743
| 15,68,172
| 6,38,901
| 10.06%
| 1,81,39,299
| 1.66%
| {{percentage|90,38,655|1,13,99,000}}
| {{percentage|84,61,743|1,13,99,000}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
! scope="row" |[[COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
| 9,12,76,115
| 9,81,25,000
| 75,93,079
| 7,29,82,439
| 11,71,094
| 6,46,38,638
| 87,64,173
| 32,83,807
| 7.08%
| 14,09,04,884
| 0.92%
| {{percentage|7,29,82,439|9,81,25,000}}
|-  
| {{percentage|6,46,38,638|9,81,25,000}}
|-
! scope="row" |Miscellaneous
! scope="row" |Miscellaneous
|—
|—
| 14,88,931
| 22,42,510
| 7,78,111
| 15,78,421
| 22,67,042
| 14,31,855
| 52,52,786
|—
|—
|—
|—
|-  
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" |<small>As of April 19, 2021 2:00 AM IST</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Cumulative {{!}} Coverage Report of COVID-19 Vaccination {{!}} GOI|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/CumulativeCOVIDVaccinationCoverageReport18thApril2021.pdf |url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.mohfw.gov.in}}</ref>
| colspan="8" |<small>As of June 17, 2022 7:00 AM IST</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Cumulative {{!}} Coverage Report of COVID-19 Vaccination {{!}} GOI|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/CummulativeCovidVaccinationReport17Jun2022.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2022-06-17|website=www.mohfw.gov.in}}</ref>
|}
|}


==Vaccination by state==
As of June 17, 2022, populations above the age of 12 are only eligible for vaccination.
===Andhra Pradesh===
The percentage of population inoculated shown in the table above is according to the 2021 projected population of India with all age groups.
[[Andhra Pradesh]] had received 370,000 doses of Covishield and 20,000 of Covaxin. It was decided that only Covishield would be administered. The state aims to vaccinate 32,000 people a day. However, on the first two days, only 61 and 47.8 per cent of those days' targets could be vaccinated. There were two cases of adverse events, but neither required hospitalization.<ref name="TH33595535">{{Cite news|location=Vijayawada|last=|title=13,041 persons turn up to get the jab on Day 2|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/13041-persons-turn-up-to-get-the-jab-on-day-2/article33595535.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2020-01-17|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref>
According to the government, based on the projected mid-year count for 2021, the country's total population aged 12 years and above is approximately 108 crore. Around 93.39% of the 12+ population of the country have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine since the vaccination drive began.
In addition to this, 83.38% of the eligible population has been fully vaccinated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vaccinate-india.in/dashboard|title = Covid-19 Vaccination in India|date = 17 June 2022}}</ref>


===Bihar===
==Vaccine acceptance in India==
[[Bihar]] received 569,000 doses of the vaccine. 4,64,160 health workers had registered for the vaccine, and the state expects to vaccinate 30,000 people a day across 300 sites. Some doctors had doubts about the efficacy of Covaxin and refused to take it.<ref name="DTE75089">{{Cite news|location=Patna|last=Manoj|first=CK|title=COVID-19 vaccination begins in Bihar; 30,000 health workers to be inoculated today|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/covid-19-vaccination-begins-in-bihar-30-000-health-workers-to-be-inoculated-today-75089|newspaper=Down To Earth|date=2020-01-16|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref>
Over 80% of the population of India have a positive response for getting anti covid shots. India has one of the lowest vaccine hesitancy in the world.<ref>springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-021-00728-6#data-availability</ref>
There was vaccine hesitancy in the initial months of 2021, especially in rural India and among poor and tribal populations. Constant government and public awareness drastically reduced vaccine hesitancy. Since May 2021, more than half of daily doses administered in India have been from rural parts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/driven-by-rural-india-boost-daily-vaccination-gathers-pace-in-aug/articleshow/85166540.cms|title=Driven by rural India boost, daily vaccination gathers pace in Aug|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Vaccine centers in India have witnessed large number of people willing to get covid vaccine resulting in overcrowding and mismanagement. Many centers across India in months of April & May reported severe shortage of covid vaccines due to large crowds turning up for vaccination. In cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru many people even after waiting for hours did not receive their covid vaccine due to shortage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/vaccine-shortage-40-centres-to-remain-shut-in-mumbai-on-april-29-101619625686539.html|title=Vaccine shortage: 40 centres to remain shut in Mumbai on April 29|date=28 April 2021}}</ref> Since July, vaccine supply has drastically increased thus India is vaccinating at a very fast pace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nramakrishnan/2021/08/29/indias-covid-19-vaccination-drive-gathers-speed-as-more-jabs-gain-approval/|title = India's Covid-19 Vaccination Drive Gathers Speed as More Jabs Gain Approval|website = [[Forbes]]}}</ref>


===Chattisgarh===
One study published on vaccine acceptance shows that 79.5% of people from Delhi want to take a COVID-19 vaccine.<ref>Islam, F., Agarwalla, R., Panda, M., Alvi, Y., Singh, V., Debroy, A., Ray, A., Vadnerkar, A. and Uttekar, S., 2021. Assessment of the knowledge, preferences and concern regarding the prospective COVID-19 vaccine among adults residing in New Delhi, India-A cross-sectional study. medRxiv.</ref> In another study which was published from West Bengal, a state in Eastern India, has shown that 77.27% of people want to take the COVID-19 vaccine.<ref>Gautam, A., Dhara, B., Mukherjee, D., Mukhopadhyay, D., Roy, S., Ganguly, S.S., Chowdhury, A.D., Goswami, S., Dey, S., Basu, S. and Chatterjee, S., 2020. A Digital Survey on the Acceptance and Affordability of COVID 19 Vaccine among the People of West Bengal, India-A Survey Based Study. medRxiv.</ref> According to the finding from these two studies, it can be expected that over 75% of people want to get a COVID-19 vaccine.
One person was admitted to hospital following complications, but was later discharged.<ref name="TH33610589"/>


===Delhi===
==Adverse events==
[[File:The Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Dr. Harsh Vardhan visiting the GTB Hospital, Shahdara to review the preparedness of Dry Run of COVID-19 vaccine, in Delhi on January 02, 2021 (2).jpg|thumb|Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]] at a hospital in [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]], reviewing preparations for the vaccine program.]]4,319 health workers were administered the vaccine on the first day, and there were 51 minor and one major cases of adverse effects.<ref name="TH33592398">{{Cite news|location=New Delhi|last=|title=One 'severe', 51 'minor' cases of post-vaccination adverse events reported among health workers in Delhi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/coronavirus-aiims-security-guard-who-received-covaxin-jab-develops-allergic-reaction-hospitalised/article33592398.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2020-01-17|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> By day three, four people had been admitted to hospitals following complications, of which three had been later discharged.<ref name="TH33610589"/>
{{Graph:Chart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| type = line
| legend= Total AEFI Reported in India
| xAxisTitle= Date
| yAxisTitle= Report(s) of AEFI
| x = 1 Sep ,2 Sep ,3 Sep ,4 Sep ,5 Sep ,6 Sep ,7 Sep ,8 Sep ,9 Sep, 10 Sep, 11 Sep, 12 Sep, 13 Sep, 14 Sep, 15 Sep, 16 Sep, 17 Sep, 18 Sep, 19 Sep
| y = 95,119,105,105,31,103,162,109,93,79,112,22,95,83,101,64,195,113,35
}}
<!-- {{Quote box|title=Overall AEFI {{small|(in%)}}<br>[[File:OOjs UI icon alert-destructive.svg|55px]]|quote=<center>''' {{color|#7f01fe|{{big|0.005%}}}}'''</center>|align=center|width=100|author=Source: [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|MoHFW]]|source= CoWin<br>{{quote box|quote=[[File:Page issue icon - medium.svg|20px]] Adverse event following immunisation (AEFI)}}}} -->
Like many other vaccinations, COVID-19 vaccines also have a risk of causing side effects. According to India's Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the most common side-effects include pain or swelling at the injection site, fever, irritability and headaches.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Common Side Effects (AEFI)|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/covid_vaccination/vaccination/common-side-effects-aefi.html|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Min. Health & Family Welfare, GoI |language=en}}</ref> The [[United Kingdom|UK]] Government also lists fatigue, nausea and joint pain as common side-effects of the Oxford vaccine (known as Covishield in India).<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Information for UK recipients|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/978195/uk_-recipients-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-reg174_proposed_14_April_2021.pdf|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Medical experts maintain that vaccines used are safe and their benefits outweigh the risks. It is also important to note that adverse cases do not necessarily have a causal relationship with the vaccines.<ref name="N18AE">{{Cite news |date=14 June 2021 |title=26k Adverse Events, 488 Deaths Reported in India During Covid Vaccination Drive: Data |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/26k-adverse-events-488-deaths-reported-in-india-during-covid-vaccination-drive-data-3845363.html |work= News 18 |location= |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>


===Karnataka===
A total of 617 serious adverse events were reported until March 29. Of these, 180 cases resulted in death. The Immunisation Technical Support Unit at the federal health ministry examined 192,000 case reports, including 12,400 deaths. In more than half of the examined cases of death, the cause of death was found to be [[acute coronary syndrome]]. However, the documentation had been completed for only 3,500 cases.<ref name="TW617SAS">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=61700 Serious Adverse Events After Vaccination Reported In India Until March 29 |work= The Wire |location=Bengaluru |url=https://science.thewire.in/health/617-serious-adverse-events-after-vaccination-reported-in-india-until-march-29/ |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
[[Karnataka]] Health Minister [[K. Sudhakar (politician)|K. Sudhakar]] announced on 9 January that the state would be given 13.9 [[lakh]] (1.39 million) doses of Covishield in two batches. 6.3 lakh (630,000) health workers had registered for the vaccine.<ref name="TH33534529">{{Cite news|author=|title=Karnataka will get 13.9 lakh vials of COVID-19 vaccine soon: Sudhakar|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-will-get-139-lakh-vials-of-covid-19-vaccine-soon-sudhakar/article33534529.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2021-01-09|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Two people were admitted to hospital following complications; one person was later discharged.<ref name="TH33610589"/> A 43-year old vaccine recipient in Ballari died of a heart stroke two days after the jab.<ref name="BI80334661">{{Cite news|author=|title=Karnataka's Covid vaccine recipient dies of heart stroke: Minister|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/karnatakas-covid-vaccine-recipient-dies-of-heart-stroke-minister/articleshow/80334661.cms|newspaper=Business Insider|date=2021-01-18|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref>


===Kerala===
By 7 June, 26,000 adverse events had been reported following immunisation. Of this, 24,901 were minor, 412 were significant and 887 were serious. 488 deaths were also reported, including 301 men and 178 women (details of 9 deaths were not available). Both vaccines had an adverse reaction rate of about 0.01% and a fatality rate of around 0.0001% - 24,703 events and 457 deaths from 210 million Covishield doses, 1,497 events and 20 deaths following 25 million Covaxin doses. Maharashtra reported the most adverse events (4,521), followed by Kerala (4,074), Karnataka (2,650) and West Bengal (1,456).<ref name="N18AE"/><ref name="MBM5749169">{{Cite news |date=14 June 2021 |title=കോവിഡ് വാക്സിനേഷൻ: രാജ്യത്ത് പ്രതികൂല സംഭവങ്ങൾ 0.01%; മരണം 10 ലക്ഷത്തിൽ രണ്ട് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/26-000-aifi-cases-and-488-death-after-covid-vaccination-in-india-1.5749169 |work= Mathrubhumi |location=New Delhi |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>
Kerala initially received 433,500 doses of Covishield, and an additional batch of 360,500 Covishield doses were announced three days later. In total, 459,853 people from the state registered for the vaccine, including 1,75,673 healthcare workers from state-run hospitals, 199,937 from private hospitals, 2,932 from federal hospitals, 74,711 police staff and 6,600 municipal workers. A total of 24,558 healthcare workers were vaccinated on the first three days. No adverse reactions were reported.<ref name="MBM5370619">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=സംസ്ഥാനത്തേക്ക് 3,60,500 ഡോസ് കോവിഡ് വാക്സിന്‍ കൂടി; ഇതുവരെ വാക്സിന്‍ സ്വീകരിച്ചത് 24,558 പേർ|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-will-get-3-60-500-dose-more-vaccines-1.5370619|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|date=2020-01-19|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> After vaccinating 3.75 lakh health workers by 11 February, the focus of the campaign shifted to other front-line staff such as police and municipal workers. The second dose was provided from 15 February onwards.<ref name="MBM5429845">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=COVID vaccination: Kerala focuses on frontline workers in 2nd phase|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/covid-vaccination-kerala-focuses-on-frontline-workers-in-2nd-phase-1.5429845|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|date=2020-02-11|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>


In order to create public confidence in the vaccine, several prominent officials and politicians took the vaccine. This includes Health Minister [[K. K. Shailaja|KK Shailaja]],<ref name="MBM5483062">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=Health minister gets first dose of COVID-19 vaccine, CM may take tomorrow|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/health-minister-gets-first-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-cm-may-take-tomorrow-1.5483062|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|date=2020-03-02|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]],<ref name="HTKL-1">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=Kerala CM takes first shot of Covid-19 vaccine|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-cm-takes-first-shot-of-covid-19-vaccine-101614758131815.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=2020-03-03|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> state police chief [[Lokanath Behera]],<ref name="KK489752">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=Second phase of COVID-19 vaccination drive begins in state|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=489752&u=|newspaper=Kerala Kaumudi|date=2020-02-11|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> former Chief Minister [[VS Achuthanandan]]<ref name="MBM5496535">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=VS Achuthanandan receives COVID vaccine|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/vs-achuthanandan-receives-covid-vaccine-kerala-1.5496535|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|date=2020-03-07|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> and Thiruvananthapuram District Collector [[Navajoth Khosa]].<ref name="KK489752"/> By 21 February, 3,36,327 health workers and 57,658 other frontline staff had been vaccinated, and Kerala requested more vaccines from the national pool.<ref name="DH953684">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=Kerala government urges Centre to release more Covid-19 vaccine doses|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/kerala-government-urges-centre-to-release-more-covid-19-vaccine-doses-953684.html|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=2020-02-21|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>
On 15 June, the government published a review of case reports that had occurred between 5 February and 31 March 2021, focusing on 31 cases and one death from [[anaphylaxis]] that were believed to have been attributed to the vaccine, out of nearly 60 million doses administered in the time period. Only three of these cases, and the single death of a 68-year-old patient, were determined to be "vaccine-product related", with the remainder having been classified as coincidental, indeterminate, or unclassifiable. The report stated that "mere reporting of deaths and hospitalisations as serious adverse events does not automatically imply that the events were caused due to vaccines. Only properly conducted investigations and causality assessments can help in understanding if any causal relationship exists between the event and the vaccine."<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 15, 2021|first=Sneha|last=Mordani|title=Govt confirms first death after Covid vaccination in India|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/govt-confirms-first-death-after-covid-vaccination-in-india-1814976-2021-06-15|access-date=2021-06-15|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-15|title=Govt's review of side effects confirms 1 death after vaccine dose|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govts-review-of-side-effects-confirms-1-death-after-vaccine-dose-101623696525780.html|access-date=2021-06-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Govt confirms first death due to COVID-19 vaccination|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/govt-confirms-first-death-following-covid-19-vaccination/story/441680.html|access-date=2021-06-15|website=www.businesstoday.in}}</ref>


Vaccination of senior citizens and people over 45 with pre-existing conditions began in March. In addition, vaccines ere also provided to government employees involved in running the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|upcoming state elections]]. Since the online registration system was not accessible to everyone, and particularly to senior citizens, vaccination was also provided without prior registration. Asha workers would help senior citizens in finding and booking slots at the nearest vaccination centre. District and Taluk hospitals and Primary Health Centres would provide vaccinations, in addition to selected private hospitals and special vaccination camps.<ref name="MBM5494262">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=മുതിർന്ന പൗരന്മാരുടെ കോവിഡ് വാക്‌സിനേഷൻ: പ്രതിദിന എണ്ണം നിശ്ചയിച്ചു|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/covid-19-vaccination-1.5494262|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|date=2020-03-07|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>
==References==
===Footnote references===
{{reflist|group=fn}}


Kerala was affected by the nationwide shortage of vaccines in mid-April, with stocks falling to 7.22 lakh doses. For example, in Palakkad district, nearly half the camps were not in operational condition due to vaccine shortage. Vaccination centres were directed to use the remaining stocks to vaccinate front-line workers.<ref name="MNM210416">{{Cite news|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=|title=COVID-19 fight crippled as vaccines, oxygen and beds fall short|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/04/16/coronavirus-vaccine-shortage-kerala.html|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|date=2020-04-16|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>
===Web References===
 
===Maharashtra===
[[Maharashtra]] received 963,000 doses of Covishield and 20,000 doses of Covaxin. 785,000 health workers had registered to get the vaccination. 14,883 health workers in Maharashtra given COVID-19 vaccine on Tuesday<ref name="THBL33611914">{{Cite news|location=Mumbai|last=|title=14,883 health workers in Maharashtra given Covid-19 vaccine on 16 JAN. |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/14883-health-workers-in-maharashtra-given-covid-19-vaccine-on-tuesday/article33611914.ece|newspaper=The Hindu Business Line|date=2020-01-19|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> In Mumbai, only 1,926 people could be vaccinated on the first day, due to a combination of low turnout and technical problems with the software. The vaccination drive was temporarily suspended due to the technical glitches in the software alerting people to their vaccination appointments.<ref name="GRDN001"/>
 
===Odisha===
[[Odisha]] had received doses of both [[Covishield]] and [[Covaxin]]. The first vaccine dose was given to a sanitation worker on 16 January.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sanitation-worker-gets-first-covid-19-vaccine-shot-in-odisha/article33586532.ece |title=Sanitation worker gets first COVID-19 vaccine shot in Odisha |date=16 January 2021}}</ref> [[Covishield]] is the predominant vaccine used in [[Odisha]]. All the districts use [[Covishield]] to vaccinate their people. The only exception being [[Khurda]] where both covaxin and covishield are used to vaccinate people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in/|title=CoWIN Dashboard|website=dashboard.cowin.gov.in}}</ref>
 
===Punjab===
{{excerpt|COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India|Covid-19 vaccination rollout in Punjab}}
 
===Rajasthan===
On 3 January 2021, the state conducted its first round of dry run for COVID vaccination in 7 districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india-today-insight/story/rajasthan-s-covid-vaccination-dry-run-1756527-2021-01-06|title=Rajasthan’s Covid vaccination dry run - India Today Insight|work=India Today|date=6 January 2021|author=Parihar, Rohit|location=Jaipur}}</ref> On 13 January, Rajasthan received the first consignment of COVID-19 vaccines at Jaipur and Udaipur, which included [[Bharat Biotech]]'s [[BBV152|Covaxin]] and [[Serum Institute of India]]'s [[AZD1222|Covishield]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/rajasthan-receives-5-62-500-doses-of-covid-vaccines-ahead-of-inoculation-drive/amp-11610561068632.html|title=Rajasthan receives 5,62,500 doses of Covid vaccines ahead of inoculation drive|work=Livemint|agency=Press Trust Of India|date=14 January 2021}}</ref> The vaccines were then transported to state and district level storage centres.
 
 
On 16 January, as a part of nationwide vaccination programme, the first dose of the vaccines were given to selected frontline health workers at 167 sites across the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/covid-19-inoculation-drive-starts-in-raj-with-full-enthusiasm/articleshow/80301492.cms|title=Covid-19 inoculation drive starts in Rajasthan with full enthusiasm|work=The Times Of India|author=Syed Intishab Ali|date=16 January 2021}}</ref> In a review meeting held in January 2021 by the state government, the state head of [[World Health Organization]] said that Rajasthan is the best state in terms of preparation for COVID vaccination.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-ranks-rajasthan-best-prepared-state-for-covid-vaccination-101611327866409.html|title=WHO ranks Rajasthan best-prepared state for Covid vaccination|work=Hindustan Times|first=Jaykishan|last=Sharma|date=22 January 2021|access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref> The second dose of the vaccine started from 15 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/feb/14/second-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-to-be-administered-in-rajasthan-from-february-15-2264012.html|title=Second dose of COVID-19 vaccine to be administered in Rajasthan from February 15|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 February 2021|agency=Press Trust Of India}}</ref>
 
By April 13, the state had administered 1 crore doses of vaccine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/raj-2nd-state-to-vaccinate-1crore-people/articleshow/82038567.cms|title=Rajasthan 2nd state to vaccinate 1 crore people|work=The Times of India|agency=Times News Network|date=13 April 2021|location=Jaipur|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> On 14 April, a theft of 320 doses of Covaxin was reported from a government hospital in Jaipur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/jaipur/story/320-doses-of-covaxin-vaccine-stolen-from-jaipur-hospital-1790838-2021-04-14|title=320 doses of Covaxin vaccine stolen from Jaipur hospital during transportation|work=India Today|author=Sharat Kumar|date=14 April 2021|location=Jaipur}}</ref>
 
=== Tamil Nadu ===
[[Tamil Nadu]] received 536,000 doses of Covishield and 20,000 doses of Covaxin.<ref name="THBL33561177">{{Cite news |date=12 January 2021 |title=Tamil Nadu gears up for Covid vaccine rollout |work=[[Business Line]] |location=Chennai |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tamil-nadu-gears-up-for-covid-vaccine-rollout/article33561177.ece |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>
 
===Uttarakhand===
One person was admitted to hospital following complications, but was later discharged.<ref name="TH33610589"/>
 
===Uttar Pradesh===
Uttar Pradesh first state to vaccinate over 20 lakh people: Govt [Updated: 07 Mar 2021, 06:03 AM IST, [https://www.livemint.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-first-state-to-vaccinate-over-20-lakh-people-govt-11615076300643.html Uttar Pradesh first state to vaccinate over 20 lakh people: Govt]].
Uttar Pradesh received 11,796,780 doses, it consumed 10,261,718 of them, and has 2,211,000 in the pipeline. [By HT Correspondent | Edited by Smriti Sinha, UPDATED ON APR 15, 2021 12:03 PM IST] [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indias-vaccine-status-making-doses-count-101618465799113.html India’s vaccine status: Here's a break up of state-wise doses]
 
==Adverse events==
A total of 617 serious adverse events were reported until March 29. Of these, 180 cases resulted in death. The Immunisation Technical Support Unit at the federal health ministry examined 492 case reports, including 124 deaths. In more than half of the examined cases of death, the cause of death was found to be [[acute coronary syndrome]]. However, the documentation had been completed only in 35 cases.<ref name="TW617SAS">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=617 Serious Adverse Events After Vaccination Reported In India Until March 29 |work= The Wire |location=Bengaluru |url=https://science.thewire.in/health/617-serious-adverse-events-after-vaccination-reported-in-india-until-march-29/ |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
*[[COVID-19 vaccine]]
*[[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
*[[Vaccine Maitri]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


Line 625: Line 933:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite web | title=Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker | website=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html }}
* {{cite web |title=CoWIN Dashboard |url=https://dashboard.cowin.gov.in/ |website=dashboard.cowin.gov.in}}
* [https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker COVID-19 vaccine tracker, Regulatory Focus]
* {{cite news | title=Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html | last1=Zimmer | first1=Carl | last2=Corum | first2=Jonathan | last3=Wee | first3=Sui-Lee }}
* {{cite web | title=STAT's Covid-19 Drugs and Vaccines Tracker | work=[[Stat (website)|Stat]] | url=https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/drugs-vaccines-tracker/#vaccines }}
* {{cite web | last=Levine | first=Hallie | title=The 5 Stages of COVID-19 Vaccine Development: What You Need to Know About How a Clinical Trial Works | publisher=Johnson & Johnson | date=23 September 2020 | url=https://www.jnj.com/innovation/the-5-stages-of-covid-19-vaccine-development-what-you-need-to-know-about-how-a-clinical-trial-works }}
* {{cite web | last=Levine | first=Hallie | title=The 5 Stages of COVID-19 Vaccine Development: What You Need to Know About How a Clinical Trial Works | publisher=Johnson & Johnson | date=23 September 2020 | url=https://www.jnj.com/innovation/the-5-stages-of-covid-19-vaccine-development-what-you-need-to-know-about-how-a-clinical-trial-works }}
* {{cite web | title=COVID-19 vaccines: development, evaluation, approval and monitoring | publisher=[[European Medicines Agency]] | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/covid-19-vaccines-development-evaluation-approval-monitoring }}
* {{cite web | title=COVID-19 vaccines: development, evaluation, approval and monitoring | publisher=[[European Medicines Agency]] | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/covid-19-vaccines-development-evaluation-approval-monitoring }}
* [https://www.covid19-vaccine.live/en/covid-19-vaccines-administration-in-india/59/e3a09cb6 COVID-19 vaccination in India tracker with historical data per day]
*[https://www.chaudharyhospital.in/udaipur-receives-covid-19-vaccine/ Things You should know about the Coronavirus Vaccine]


{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
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{{Vaccines}}
{{Vaccines}}


[[Category:Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines by country|India]]
[[Category:COVID-19 vaccination by country|India]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India|vaccination]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India|vaccination]]
[[Category:2020 in India]]
[[Category:2021 in India]]

Revision as of 18:13, 28 June 2022

COVID-19 vaccination programme
Per capita fully vaccination map as of 22 January 2022
Date16 January 2021 (2021-01-16) – present
(5 years, 206 days ago)
LocationIndia India
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic in India
TargetImmunisation of Indians against COVID-19
Budget₹35,000 crore (US$4.9 billion)[1]
Organised byGovernment of India
Indian Council of Medical Research
State governments of India
Participants
  • 1,012,558,641 people with one dose administered of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V
  • 904,031,986 people have been fully vaccinated with both doses of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V or Corbevax
  • 40,146,387 people have been administered Precautionary/Booster doses of Covaxin or Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine or Sputnik V or Corbevax
Outcome
  • 73% of the Indian population has received one dose.
  • 65% of the Indian population has received both doses
Websitewww.mohfw.gov.in,
www.cowin.gov.in
As on 12th March 2022 (04:00PM)
Part of a series on the
COVID-19 pandemic
Timeline
2019

2020

2021

Locations
  • By continent
  • By conveyance
International response
Medical response
Impact
  • Socio-economic
  • By industry

India began administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 16 January 2021. As of 17 June 2022, India has administered over 1.9 billion doses overall, including first, second and precautionary (booster) doses of the currently approved vaccines.[2][3] In India, 93% of the eligible population (12+) has received at least one shot, and 83% of the eligible population (12+) is fully vaccinated.[4][5]

India initially approved the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (manufactured under license by Serum Institute of India under the trade name Covishield) and Covaxin (a vaccine developed locally by Bharat Biotech). They have since been joined by the Sputnik V (manufactured under license by Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, with additional production from Serum Institute of India being started in September[6][7]), Moderna vaccines, Johnson & Johnson vaccine and ZyCoV-D (a vaccine locally developed by Zydus Cadila)[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] and other vaccine candidates undergoing local clinical trials.

According to a June 2022 study published in The Lancet, COVID-19 vaccination in India prevented an additional 4.2 million deaths from December 8, 2020, to December 8, 2021.[8][9]

Vaccination programme

Cumulative doses administered across the country

Total doses administered across the country as of June 17, 2022 [10][5]

Dose Vaccination (Percentage of eligible population vaccinated)
Partially Vaccinated
1,012,558,641(93.39)
Fully Vaccinated
904,031,986(83.38)
Precautionary(Booster) Dose
40,146,387

Monthly graph of cumulative doses administered across the country

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Graph of daily doses administered across the country

Graph of daily doses administered. Last updated: June 17, 2022[11]

   Daily vaccinations (1st dose only)    Daily vaccinations (2nd dose only)

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Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-03"},{"y":510937,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-04"},{"y":1121585,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-05"},{"y":1304339,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-06"},{"y":1311265,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-07"},{"y":1262965,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-08"},{"y":996628,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-09"},{"y":1136670,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-10"},{"y":1131507,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-11"},{"y":1141634,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-12"},{"y":1070700,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-13"},{"y":1133275,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-14"},{"y":906644,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-15"},{"y":357704,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-16"},{"y":826995,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-17"},{"y":1013293,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-18"},{"y":1045542,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-19"},{"y":1082847,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-20"},{"y":1064277,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-21"},{"y":896721,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-22"},{"y":612553,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-23"},{"y":945806,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-24"},{"y":918926,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-25"},{"y":982129,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-26"},{"y":1009990,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-27"},{"y":999654,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-28"},{"y":754032,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-29"},{"y":281082,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-30"},{"y":843417,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-05-31"},{"y":1404463,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-01"},{"y":183961,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-02"},{"y":850952,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-03"},{"y":841928,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-04"},{"y":684166,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-05"},{"y":318182,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-06"},{"y":915329,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-07"},{"y":1080823,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-08"},{"y":1070147,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-09"},{"y":1088538,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-10"},{"y":1053239,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-11"},{"y":1003591,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-12"},{"y":853465,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-13"},{"y":1024220,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-14"},{"y":970552,"series":"Fully Vaccinated","x":"2022-06-15"}]},{"transform":[{"type":"aggregate","summarize":{"y":"sum"},"groupby":["x"]}],"name":"stats","source":"chart"}],"width":6000}</graph>

Vaccine administration by Gender

Vaccinations in India by Gender as of June 17, 2022[10][5]

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Gender Vaccination
Male 97,54,62,145
Female 93,81,13,507
Others 4,63,456

Vaccine administration by vaccine brand

Vaccinations in India by Vaccine Brand as of June 17, 2022 [10][5]

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Brand Vaccination
Covishield 1,56,80,95,059
Covaxin 32,78,19,340
Sputnik V 12,24,641
Corbevax 5,60,57,093
Covovax 5,581

Vaccine administration by age group

Vaccinations in India by Age Group as of June 17, 2022 [10][5]

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Age Group Vaccination
12-14 5,60,57,044
15-17 10,74,94,435
18-44 1,10,22,70,060
45-60 41,25,16,670
60+ 27,10,80,332

States by Vaccine Coverage

(as of 15 September (7:00 IST))

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Number of Vaccination Centres

Sites conducting vaccination in India
Total-1,12,700
• Government[fn 1] — 1,10,000
• Private[fn 2] — 2,700

Source: CoWin Dashboard[12]

Citizens above the age of 15 can book appointments through the COWIN platform or can do a Walk-In registration on site. All vaccine centres have registration desks, vaccine booths and observation rooms. Vaccine certificates can be downloaded digitally through the COWIN platform, or citizens can ask for a hard copy from vaccination centres. All government run vaccination centers provide free of cost vaccines, private centers do charge.[13]

Background and timeline

A vaccination centre in Delhi.
India's COVID-19 vaccination deployment until 3 June

First Phase, initial approvals, launch of vaccination programme

In September 2020, India's Health minister Harsh Vardhan stated that the country planned to approve and begin distribution of a vaccine by the first quarter of 2021.[14] The first recipients were to be 30 million health workers directly dealing with COVID patients.[15]

A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
A vial of Covaxin
Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India

On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) approved emergency use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (local trade name "Covishield").[16][17][18] On 2 January, the DCGI also granted an interim emergency use authorisation to BBV152 (trade name "Covaxin"), a domestic vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology.[19] This approval was met with some concern, as the vaccine had not then completed phase 3 clinical trials.[20] Due to this status, those receiving Covaxin were required to sign a consent form,[21] while some states chose to relegate Covaxin to a "buffer stock" and primarily distribute Covishield.[22]

COVID-19 vaccination roll out in AIIMS, New Delhi, India on 16 January 2021

India began its vaccination programme on 16 January 2021, operating 3,006 vaccination centres on the onset.[23] Each vaccination centre will offer either Covishield or Covaxin, but not both.[24] 165,714 people were vaccinated on the first day of availability. Difficulties in uploading beneficiary lists at some sites caused delays.[25] In the first three days, 631,417 people were vaccinated. Of these, 0.18% reported side-effects and nine people (0.002%) were admitted to hospitals for observation and treatment.[26][27] Within those first days, there were concerns about low turnout, due to a combination of vaccine safety concerns, technical problems with the software used, and misinformation.[28]

The first phase of the rollout involved health workers and frontline workers, including police, paramilitary forces, sanitation workers, and disaster management volunteers.[23] By 1 March, only 14 million healthcare and frontline workers had been vaccinated, falling short of the original goal of 30 million.[29]

Second phase

The next phase of the vaccine rollout covered all residents over the age of 60, residents between the ages of 45 and 60 with one or more qualifying comorbidities, and any health care or frontline worker that did not receive a dose during phase 1. Online registration began on 1 March via the Aarogya Setu app and Co-WIN ("Winning over COVID-19") website.[30][31][32] Amid the beginnings of a major second wave of infections in the country,[33][34][35] vaccine exports were suspended in March 2021, and the government ordered 110 million Covishield doses from SII.[36] The company aims to produce 100 million doses per month, but by May 2021 its production capacity was only 60–70 million doses.[37][38] Following the conclusion of its trial, the DCGI issued a standard emergency use authorisation to Covaxin on 11 March 2021.[39]

From 1 April, eligibility was extended to all residents over the age of 45.[40] On 8 April, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for a four-day Teeka Utsav ("Vaccine Festival") from 11 to 14 April, with a goal to increase the pace of the program by vaccinating as many eligible residents as possible. By the end of the Utsav, India had reached a total of over 111 million vaccine doses to-date.[41][42][43]

Third phase, Sputnik V approval

On 12 April, the DCGI approved Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for emergency use in India. A phase 3 trial was conducted in the country in September 2020, which showed 91.6% efficacy.[44] The local distributor Dr. Reddy's Laboratories stated that it planned to have the vaccine in India by late May 2021.[45]

On 19 April, it was announced that the next phase of the vaccination programme would begin on 1 May, extending eligibility to all residents over the age of 18. Under phase 3, individual stakeholders were also given more flexibility in how they conduct the vaccination programme. As part of this plan, only half of the vaccines procured by the Central Drugs Laboratory from manufacturers would be distributed by the central government. This supply would go to government-run clinics and be offered free-of-charge to residents 45 and over and priority workers and siphoned off to states based on factors such as the number of active cases and how quickly they are administering vaccines. The remainder would be offered to individual states and purchased on the open market (including private hospitals), which would be able to serve residents over the age of 18.[46][47][48]

Registration for the next phase began on 28 April; a single-day record of nearly 13.3 million people registered.[49] Due to supply issues, several states, including Delhi, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh announced that they would delay their wider rollouts of vaccines to later in the month.[50]

The initial shipment of 150,000 Sputnik V doses arrived on 1 May, and began to be administered on 14 May.[51][52][53] An estimated 156 million doses is expected between August and December; initially, doses will be sourced from Russia, but domestic production is expected to begin by August 2021.[54][55][56]

On 13 May, the DCGI approved phase 2 and phase 3 trials of Covaxin on children 2–18.[57] On 14 May, health officials projected that based on the anticipated approval of additional vaccine options, it could receive at least 2.17 billion more vaccine doses from August to December 2021.[58][59] On 25 May, India exceeded 200 million vaccine doses administered in total.[60] On 3 June, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare pre-ordered 300 million doses of a potential fourth vaccine, Corbevax, which is undergoing phase 3 clinical trials.[61]

On 23 May, the union government allowed walk-in registrations for vaccination throughout the country; a health worker at the vaccination centre would register the recipient in the Co-win vaccination database. The government claimed in an affidavit to the Supreme Court that as of June 23 about 78 per cent of vaccines had been administered via walk-in registration.[62]

Return to centralised procurement

On 31 May, an affidavit was issued in the Supreme Court of India requesting a review of the central government's vaccine distribution strategy, suggesting that the decision to only offer doses at no charge to priority workers and residents over the age of 45 was "prima facie arbitrary and irrational".[63]

On 7 June, Prime Minister Modi announced that India would migrate back to centralised procurement of vaccines by 21 June. In an address, Modi stated that multiple chief ministers had requested that the central government reconsider its new distribution strategy and reinstate the system it had used before May. As before, the centre will procure up to 75% of the country's vaccine supplies from manufacturers in bulk and distribute them to states at no additional charge. Vaccines would now be offered at no charge for those in the 18–44 age group. Private hospitals will still be responsible for the remaining 25% of procurement, but fees for appointments are now capped at ₹150 (US$2.10).[64][65]

On 21 June, the day these changes took effect, approximately 8,270,000 doses were administered—India's largest single-day total until that point. The states of Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka had the highest local totals.[66][67][68] Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha P. Chidambaram accused Bharatiya Janata Party of having "hoarded" vaccine doses in the days leading up to 21 June in order to encourage larger numbers; seven states controlled by the BJP were among the top ten states to have administered vaccine doses that day, few of these states had below-average vaccination numbers in the days leading up to 21 June (such as Madhya Pradesh, which went from 692 doses on 20 June to 1,690,000 the next day, and numbers had dropped significantly in the state the next day).[69][70][71][72]

On 23 June, India surpassed over 300 million vaccine doses administered in total.[73] On 28 June, India overtook the United States in total vaccine doses administered.[74] On 29 June, the DCGI approved the Moderna vaccine (which is being imported by Cipla) for emergency use. Vinod Kumar Paul stated that the Pfizer vaccine was also likely to be approved soon.[75][76]

500 million mark, Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine approval and record

On 6 August 2021, India crossed the 500 million doses milestone within 6 months from the onset of the vaccination program.[77]

On 7 August 2021, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) approved emergency use of the Johnson and Johnson single-dose vaccine.[78] On 16 Aug 2021, India administered around 8.81 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines, achieving the highest single-day record and overtaking its own previous record of 8.61 million doses, by 16 August the cumulative doses had surpassed the 55 million mark.[79][80]

ZyCoV-D approval for ages 12 & above and single day vaccination records

On 20 August 2021, India granted emergency use approval to the world's first DNA based COVID-19 vaccine, ZyCoV-D manufactured by Zydus Cadila for adults and children aged 12 years and above. The vaccine is administered using a needle-free applicator.[81][82] The government announced on 30 September 2021 that the ZyCoV-D vaccine will be a three dose vaccine and it will be included in the Covid vaccination programme of India.[83]

Since August 10, 2021, foreign nationals residing in India can now receive the COVID-19 vaccine by registering themselves on the Cowin platform; like other eligible beneficiaries, the foreign nationals can book a slot via the portal and use their passport as a document to verify their identity for the registration process.[84]

By 26 August 2021, 50% of the adult population in India were inoculated with at least one dose of the approved vaccines, which included 99% coverage among healthcare workers and 100% front-line workers for the first dose.[85]

On 27 August 2021, India crossed the milestone of administering more than 10 million (1 crore) doses of COVID-19 vaccine in a single day, setting a new world record. Uttar Pradesh topped the list with 2.8 million doses, followed by Karnataka with 1 million doses and Maharashtra at third with 0.98 million doses.[86]

On 29 August 2021, Himachal Pradesh became the first state to complete administering first doses of COVID-19 vaccines to 100% of the population.[87] On 31 August, India again set another single-day vaccination record by inoculating around 12 million (1.2 Crore) doses in 24 hours.[88]

By September 2021, all adult people in Sikkim, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Ladakh, and Lakshadweep have received at least one dose of Covid vaccine as the cumulative jabs administered in the country crossed 75 crores. Many city corporations, talukas, gram panchayats and districts had also administered the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination to 100 per cent of their adult population.[89][90] [91]

As many as 25 million people were vaccinated on Narendra Modi's birthday on 17 September 2021. This is the highest single-day vaccination tally so far in the whole world.[92] There are allegations that a lot of pressure could have been put on officials to increase and twist to record vaccination numbers on the Prime Minister's birthday as some people who had not received their Covid shots somehow seem to have been issued vaccination certificates including those who are deceased.[93][94]

On 27 September, India administered over 1 crore vaccine doses for the fifth time, and total vaccination coverage crossed 86 crore (860 million).[95]

On 2 October, Union health minister Mansukh Mandaviya announced that India crossed the landmark of administrating 90 crore vaccine doses.[96]

1 billion mark, vaccine clinical trial for children aged 7-11 and government's view on booster shots

The Government and India's drug regulator allowed vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute on 28 September 2021 to enroll children between seven and 11 years of age for its COVID-19 vaccine trial.[97]

The conversation around the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines gained momentum after people in many western countries were inoculated with the booster dose, or the third dose. The debate is raging in India where a major chunk of the eligible population has already been inoculated with at least one dose since the beginning of the Covid vaccination drive in January. The Indian government has, by far, maintained that booster shots of Covid vaccines and the benefit they provide are under purview and study, the current focus should be on ensuring two doses for every adult in the country.[98]

On 21 October 2021, India crossed the one billion mark for administered doses.[99]

Booster dose and vaccination for youths

India will start giving booster shots from January 10, 2022, to health and frontline workers and those over 60 with comorbidities or other health problems - Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced. He also said vaccinations will begin for youths between 15 and 18 years from January 3, 2022.[100] Among healthcare and frontline workers and those aged 60 and above with comorbidities, prioritisation and sequencing would be based on completion of nine months or 39 weeks from the date of the second dose as of January 10, the government said in its guidelines. Youths between 15 and 18 years can register online on CoWin from January 1, 2022, or onsite at vaccination centres from January 3, 2022. Covaxin is the only covid vaccine available for citizens between 15 and 18.[101]

Vaccine development and distribution

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visiting the Serum Institute of India on 28 November 2020.

As of early May 2020, there were over 30 vaccine candidates in development in India, many of which were already in pre-clinical trials.[102]

The Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII) is the world's largest vaccine maker. This existing capacity enabled India to be a major participant in the COVAX programme to distribute vaccines to developing countries.[103] In February 2020, SII had begun animal trials of vaccine candidates.[104] SII announced in April 2020 that it would apply for clinical trials from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) in April 2020. SII president Adar Poonawalla said that a vaccine would be delivered within a year, but projected an efficacy between 70 and 80%.[105]

In August 2020, SII received approvals for phase 2 and phase 3 trials of its version of a vaccine being developed by AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford's Vaccitech.[106] SII joined GAVI in a partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to produce 100 million doses of vaccine for developing countries.[107] The SII planned to manufacture 1.5 and 2.5 billion doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine per-year under the trade name "Covishield".[108] By its approval in January 2021, the company had stockpiled 50 million doses, but well short of its own target of 400 million.[109][110] The government ordered 21 million doses to be delivered by February, but the company said no indication of any further orders were given.[36] The company began to export the remaining stocks instead.[108]

Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech, in collaboration with U.S.-based FluGen, expected to begin the first clinical trials of a nasal vaccine by late-2020.[111] The Indian Council of Medical Research partnered with Bharat Biotech in May 2020 to develop a COVID vaccine entirely within India.[112] In June 2020, it received DCGI approval to begin phase 1 and phase 2 trials on its vaccine, BBV152 (trade name "Covaxin").[113] In September 2020, it was reported that in pre-clinical trials on animals, Covaxin was able to build immunity.[114] In July 2021, Bharat Biotech reported the vaccine to be Template:Estimate effective against asymptomatic cases, Template:Estimate effective against symptomatic cases, Template:Estimate effective against severe COVID-19 infection, and Template:Estimate effective against the Delta variant.[115][116] On 20 April 2021, Bharat Biotech announced that it had expanded its production capabilities for Covaxin to 700 million doses per-year.[117]

Cadila Healthcare began vaccine development in March 2020, including a viral vector vaccine and a DNA plasmid vaccine.[118][119] In mid-July 2020, Cadila held early human trials of its vaccine candidate ZyCoV-D,[120] and received approval for phase 3 trials in January 2021.[121][122] It began large-scale production in April 2021, with Cadila expecting to receive emergency authorisation between May and June 2021.[123] On 1 July 2021, Cadila Healthcare reported the efficacy to be 66.6% against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% against moderate or severe disease in its interim analysis of its phase 3 trial data.[124][125]

In September 2020, Dr. Reddy's partnered with the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) to conduct phase 3 trials of the Sputnik V vaccine in India, and to distribute the vaccine there once approved.[126][127] In April 2021, RDIF CEO Kirill Dmitriev told NDTV that they had "five great manufacturers in India" who would be producing the vaccine, and felt that the country could become Sputnik V's "production hub" for use and export.[128] Dr. Reddy's is also working with the RDIF on approval of "Sputnik Light"—a regiment of Sputnik V consisting only of the first dose.[56]

In April 2021, phase 3 clinical trials were approved for another vaccine, Corbevax, a protein subunit that is being developed by BioE, the Baylor College of Medicine, and Dynavax Technologies.[61][129]

On 2 June 2021, the DCGI removed the requirement that India-specific clinical trials (bridging trials) be held for vaccine candidates developed outside of India, provided that they are already approved by a recognised international public health agency such as the World Health Organization (WHO), European Medicines Agency (EMA), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), or Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. These changes were intended to help expedite the availability of vaccines already in use in other countries.[75][130]

In mid-July, it was reported that approval of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, as well as a shipment of vaccines donated by the United States (which includes the AstraZeneca, Janssen, Moderna, and Pfizer vaccines), had faced delays due to requests from their manufacturers for indemnity clauses from Indian authorities, which would relieve them from legal liability for adverse reactions.[131][132]

On 21 September 2021, the Indian Government said that it will not purchase the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines as domestic output of more affordable and easier-to-store vaccines has jumped.[133]

In the Quad summit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India would make 8 million doses of J&J vaccine available by the end of October under the Quad vaccine partnership. It will be manufactured in India by the Biological E. This would be ready by the end of October, compatible with our decision to resume vaccine export.[134]

On 6 February 2022, DCGI approved sputnik light covid vaccine for emergency use in India.[135]

Vaccine deployment strategies

Optimizing vaccination deployment for India[136] includes tailoring of strategies to the demographic and epidemiologic situation by modeling vaccination scenarios,[137] explore measures to reach children at risk[138] and co-optimizing vaccination strategy for societal and individual benefit in parallel.[139]

Vaccine on order

Vaccine Status Production Capacity Planned Capacity Doses ordered Approval Deployment
Covishield In use 840 million [140] - 750 million [141][142] 01 January 2021[143] 16 January 2021[144]
Covaxin In use 700 million [145] - 550 million [141] 03 January 2021[146] 16 January 2021[144]
Sputnik V In use 140 million - 156 million [147][141] 12 April 2021[44] 14 May 2021[148]
Corbevax In use - 960 million [149] 300 million [150] 28 December 2021[151] 16 March 2022[152]
Moderna Approved Import only[153] - - 29 June 2021[154] File:Dark Red x.svg Order Cancelled[155]
Johnson & Johnson Approved - 8 million[134] - 7 Aug 2021 [156] File:Dark Red x.svg Not yet[134]
ZyCoV-D Approved - 240 million [157] 10 million[158] 20 August 2021[159] File:Dark Red x.svg Not yet
Covovax Approved - - 200 million [141] 28 December 2021[151] File:Dark Red x.svg Not yet
Sputnik Light Approved - - - 6 February 2022[135] File:Dark Red x.svg Not yet

In September 2021, India's government announced that it would not buy COVID-19 shots from Pfizer (PFE.N)/BioNTech (22UAy.DE) and Moderna (MRNA.O), mainly because the domestic output of more affordable and easier-to-store vaccines of Serum Institute of India, Bharat Biotech & Cadila Healthcare has jumped. India will make 8 million doses of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine available by the end of October under the Quad vaccine partnership.[134][152]

Vaccines in trial stage

Vaccine Type (technology) Phase I Phase II Phase III No. of Participants in Clinical Trial Planned Capacity
BBV154 Adenovirus vector (intranasal) Completed In progress Pending 175[160][161] 100 million[141]
HGC019 mRNA Completed In progress Pending 120 [162] 60 million [141]

Vaccine Maitri

Main article: Vaccine Maitri

Vaccine Maitri (English: Vaccine Friendship)[163] is a humanitarian initiative undertaken by the Indian government to provide COVID-19 vaccines to countries around the world.[164] The government started providing vaccines from 20 January 2021. As of 6Template:NbsMarch 2022, India had delivered around 16.3 cror doses of vaccines to 96 countries.[165] Of these, 1.43 cror doses were gifted to 46 countries by the Government of India. The remaining 10.71 cror were supplied by the vaccine producer under its commercial and, 4.15 cror doses were supplied throw COVAX obligations. In late March 2021, the Government of India temporarily froze exports of the Covishield, citing India's own COVID crisis and the domestic need for these vaccines.[166] The Health Minister of India, Mr. Mansukh Mandaviya announced in September that India will resume the export of vaccines from October to the rest of the world.[167][168]

Countries that received doses of the Indian-made Covaxin as of 6Template:NbsMarch 2021

200,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were gifted by India to the UN peacekeepers on 27 March to be distributed to all peacekeeping missions.[169]

Vaccines

India has two approved COVID-19 vaccines: Covishield and Covaxin. Both of them were exported and used in foreign grants by the Government of India.

Covishield

Main article: Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
A vial of Covishield, the Indian-manufactured version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.

On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India, approved the emergency or conditional use of Covishield.[170] Covishield is developed by the University of Oxford and its spin-out company, Vaccitech.[171]

Covaxin

Main article: Covaxin
A vial of Covaxin, India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine by Bharat Biotech

On 2 January 2021, Covaxin India's first COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology received approval from the Drug Controller General of India for its emergency or conditional usage.[172]

Vaccine supply

India kicked off international shipment of the vaccines on 20 January 2021, only four days after starting its own vaccination program.[173] Bhutan and Maldives were the first countries to receive vaccines as a grant by India. This was quickly followed by shipments to Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Seychelles.[173] By mid-March 2021, India was also supplying vaccines on a commercial basis to countries including Canada,[174] the UK,[175] and Saudi Arabia.[176]

As of 21 February 2022, India had exported total 16,29,63,500 doses including 1,42,67,000 vaccine provided as grant to more than 96 nations and, UN Peacekeepers and UN Health workers.[165]

The Serum Institute of India was selected as a key supplier of cost-effective COVID-19 vaccines to the COVAX initiative,[177] 19.8 million doses of Covishield vaccines were supplied by India to various countries through the initiative.[165] In May, when COVAX was already short 140 million doses,[178] the Serum Institute announced that it expected to maintain its suspension of vaccine deliveries to COVAX through the end of 2021[179] due to the second wave of COVID-19 in India[180] and the US ban on export of key raw materials.[181]

International reaction

International organizations

  • IMF: IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath lauded India for playing a key role during the crisis by dispatching vaccines to many countries. She said "I also want to mention that India really stands out in terms of its vaccine policy. If you look at where exactly is one manufacturing hub for vaccines in the world – that will be India."[182]

Countries

  •  Jamaica[183] of the OACPS has thanked Indian efforts in delivering vaccines to developing and least developed countries.
  •    Nepal Prime minister Khadga Prasad Oli thanked India stating; "We got an early chance to administer the Covid-19 vaccine. For this, I thank our neighbouring nation India, its government, the people, and especially Prime Minister Narendra Modi. They sent 10 lakh doses of vaccines to us as a grant within a week of the roll-out in India."[184]
  • Template:Country data St. Lucia on behalf of CARICOM thanked India for providing vaccine supplies to them.[183][185]
  •  Barbados Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley thanked Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the supply of "Made in India" COVID-19 vaccines. She tweeted, "PM Modi made it possible for more than 40,000 persons in Barbados and tens of thousands elsewhere, to receive their 1st dose of COVISHIELD via Vaccine Maitri before receiving his. A genuine demonstration of generosity. Thank you and we wish you continued good health."[186]
  •  Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister Gaston Browne had thanked Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi "for demonstrating an act of benevolence, kindness and empathy", for sending vaccines to Caribbean countries.[187]
  • File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan Afghanistan's ambassador to India Farid Mamundzay said "Thank you, India for providing Afghan people lifesaving gift on the first day of 2022!"[188]

Leaders who received vaccines provided by India

Gallery

  • COVID-19 vaccine from India arrives at Seychelles.
    COVID-19 vaccine from India arrives at Seychelles.
  • Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil.
    Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil.
  • Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil.
    Delivery of Covishield COVID-19 vaccine from India to Brazil.
  • Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India.
    Vaccination drive for COVID prevention in Bhopal, India.

Vaccination rollout statistics by State or UT

State/union territory Population (2021 census projection) 1st dose 2nd dose Precautionary/ Booster Dose Cumulative doses administered Percentage of people given one dose Percentage of people fully vaccinated
India 1,38,94,19,783 1,01,25,58,641 90,40,31,986 4,01,46,387 1,95,67,37,014 73% 65%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 4,00,000 3,43,506 3,40,811 26,407 7,10,724 86% 85%
Andhra Pradesh 5,27,87,000 4,46,28,554 4,74,81,050 42,14,776 9,63,24,380 85% 90%
Arunachal Pradesh 15,33,000 9,18,081 7,70,753 35,195 17,24,029 60% 50%
Assam 3,50,43,000 2,44,63,545 2,10,98,119 5,72,466 4,61,34,130 70% 60%
Bihar 12,30,83,000 7,09,68,816 6,07,99,671 23,87,222 13,41,55,709 58% 49%
Chandigarh 12,08,000 11,76,946 9,61,527 50,615 21,89,088 97% 80%
Chhattisgarh 2,94,93,000 2,06,98,184 1,84,71,001 5,95,922 3,97,65,107 70% 63%
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 6,08,000 4,58,121 3,46,904 10,213 8,15,238 75% 57%
Daman and Diu 4,09,000 3,18,849 2,75,911 10,700 6,05,460 78% 67%
Delhi 2,05,71,000 1,80,93,817 1,52,00,377 13,20,306 3,46,14,500 88% 74%
Goa 15,59,000 14,34,149 12,81,932 59,419 27,75,500 92% 82%
Gujarat 6,97,88,000 5,40,09,388 5,29,59,290 36,74,816 11,06,43,494 77% 76%
Haryana 2,94,83,000 2,35,54,505 1,93,50,790 8,25,832 4,37,31,127 80% 66%
Himachal Pradesh 73,94,000 65,98,001 62,12,138 3,80,736 1,31,90,875 89% 84%
Jammu and Kashmir 1,34,08,000 1,13,16,227 1,13,90,693 4,50,867 2,31,57,787 84% 85%
Jharkhand 3,84,71,000 2,34,27,973 1,65,87,053 3,86,223 4,04,01,249 61% 43%
Karnataka 6,68,45,000 5,46,64,593 5,31,16,037 28,56,475 11,06,37,105 82% 79%
Kerala 3,54,89,000 2,88,60,790 2,46,94,647 18,92,337 5,54,47,774 81% 70%
Ladakh 2,97,000 2,37,187 1,99,965 71,069 5,08,221 80% 67%
Lakshadweep 68,000 61,481 58,786 4,150 1,24,417 90% 86%
Madhya Pradesh 8,45,16,000 6,03,94,658 5,77,67,097 15,75,704 11,97,37,459 71% 68%
Maharashtra 12,44,37,000 9,06,60,320 7,41,50,393 32,80,617 16,80,91,330 73% 60%
Manipur 31,65,000 15,83,386 12,46,921 1,02,770 29,33,077 50% 39%
Meghalaya 32,88,000 14,25,886 10,57,028 46,084 25,28,998 43% 32%
Mizoram 12,16,000 8,78,536 7,11,158 48,532 16,38,226 72% 58%
Nagaland 21,92,000 9,12,550 7,24,408 33,829 16,70,787 42% 33%
Odisha 4,56,96,000 3,47,93,995 3,15,83,796 15,00,574 6,78,78,365 76% 69%
Puducherry 15,71,000 9,69,574 7,29,374 27,271 17,26,219 62% 46%
Punjab 3,03,39,000 2,39,03,346 1,96,94,650 6,90,578 4,42,88,574 79% 65%
Rajasthan 7,92,81,000 5,64,48,182 4,86,39,892 20,30,239 10,71,18,313 71% 61%
Sikkim 6,77,000 5,86,991 5,43,380 38,760 11,69,131 87% 80%
Tamil Nadu 7,64,02,000 5,93,56,840 5,16,45,101 11,94,734 11,21,96,675 78% 68%
Telangana 3,77,25,000 3,22,18,136 3,06,90,601 8,97,738 6,38,06,475 85% 81%
Tripura 40,71,000 28,81,012 24,28,446 1,40,823 54,50,281 71% 60%
Uttar Pradesh 23,09,07,000 17,50,48,912 15,61,43,484 33,57,825 33,45,50,221 76% 68%
Uttarakhand 1,13,99,000 90,38,655 84,61,743 6,38,901 1,81,39,299 79% 74%
West Bengal 9,81,25,000 7,29,82,439 6,46,38,638 32,83,807 14,09,04,884 74% 66%
Miscellaneous — 22,42,510 15,78,421 14,31,855 52,52,786 — —
As of June 17, 2022 7:00 AM IST[191]

As of June 17, 2022, populations above the age of 12 are only eligible for vaccination. The percentage of population inoculated shown in the table above is according to the 2021 projected population of India with all age groups. According to the government, based on the projected mid-year count for 2021, the country's total population aged 12 years and above is approximately 108 crore. Around 93.39% of the 12+ population of the country have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine since the vaccination drive began. In addition to this, 83.38% of the eligible population has been fully vaccinated.[192]

Vaccine acceptance in India

Over 80% of the population of India have a positive response for getting anti covid shots. India has one of the lowest vaccine hesitancy in the world.[193] There was vaccine hesitancy in the initial months of 2021, especially in rural India and among poor and tribal populations. Constant government and public awareness drastically reduced vaccine hesitancy. Since May 2021, more than half of daily doses administered in India have been from rural parts.[194] Vaccine centers in India have witnessed large number of people willing to get covid vaccine resulting in overcrowding and mismanagement. Many centers across India in months of April & May reported severe shortage of covid vaccines due to large crowds turning up for vaccination. In cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru many people even after waiting for hours did not receive their covid vaccine due to shortage.[195] Since July, vaccine supply has drastically increased thus India is vaccinating at a very fast pace.[196]

One study published on vaccine acceptance shows that 79.5% of people from Delhi want to take a COVID-19 vaccine.[197] In another study which was published from West Bengal, a state in Eastern India, has shown that 77.27% of people want to take the COVID-19 vaccine.[198] According to the finding from these two studies, it can be expected that over 75% of people want to get a COVID-19 vaccine.

Adverse events

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A total of 617 serious adverse events were reported until March 29. Of these, 180 cases resulted in death. The Immunisation Technical Support Unit at the federal health ministry examined 192,000 case reports, including 12,400 deaths. In more than half of the examined cases of death, the cause of death was found to be acute coronary syndrome. However, the documentation had been completed for only 3,500 cases.[202]

By 7 June, 26,000 adverse events had been reported following immunisation. Of this, 24,901 were minor, 412 were significant and 887 were serious. 488 deaths were also reported, including 301 men and 178 women (details of 9 deaths were not available). Both vaccines had an adverse reaction rate of about 0.01% and a fatality rate of around 0.0001% - 24,703 events and 457 deaths from 210 million Covishield doses, 1,497 events and 20 deaths following 25 million Covaxin doses. Maharashtra reported the most adverse events (4,521), followed by Kerala (4,074), Karnataka (2,650) and West Bengal (1,456).[201][203]

On 15 June, the government published a review of case reports that had occurred between 5 February and 31 March 2021, focusing on 31 cases and one death from anaphylaxis that were believed to have been attributed to the vaccine, out of nearly 60 million doses administered in the time period. Only three of these cases, and the single death of a 68-year-old patient, were determined to be "vaccine-product related", with the remainder having been classified as coincidental, indeterminate, or unclassifiable. The report stated that "mere reporting of deaths and hospitalisations as serious adverse events does not automatically imply that the events were caused due to vaccines. Only properly conducted investigations and causality assessments can help in understanding if any causal relationship exists between the event and the vaccine."[204][205][206]

References

Footnote references

  1. ↑ All government run vaccination centers provide free of cost vaccines
  2. ↑ Vaccination Centres/facilities charge as per dose

Web References

  1. ↑ "Budget 2021: Two more coronavirus vaccines soon, reveals FM Nirmala Sitharaman". Businesstoday.in. Retrieved 13 March 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ "Vaccination state wise". Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Retrieved 17 June 2022.(Nota bene*The data on this site changes daily)
  3. ↑ "Vaccination Statistics". vaccinate-india.in. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "Covid-19 Vaccination in India". Cowin.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Covid-19 Vaccination in India". 17 June 2022.
  6. ↑ "Serum Institute gets DCGI's nod to manufacture Covid vaccine Sputnik V in India". mint. 4 June 2021.
  7. ↑ rdif.ru: press release
  8. ↑ Watson, Oliver J; Barnsley, Gregory; Toor, Jaspreet; Hogan, Alexandra B; Winskill, Peter; Ghani, Azra C (23 June 2022). "Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00320-6. ISSN 1473-3099. PMC 9225255.
  9. ↑ "COVID-19 vaccines saved nearly 20 million lives in a year, study says". CBS News. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "CoWIN Dashboard". 17 June 2022.
  11. ↑ "Our World in Data - Covid-19 Vaccination". 17 June 2022.
  12. ↑ "CoWIN dashboard".
  13. ↑ "CoWIN".
  14. ↑ "Expect Covid-19 vaccine by early next year, will take first shot if any trust deficit: Vardhan". The Times of India. 13 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  15. ↑ Kaul, Rhythma (21 October 2020). "30 Million Frontline Workers To Get Covid-19 Vaccine In Phase 1". Hindustan Times. New Delhi. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  16. ↑ "Coronavirus: India approves vaccines from Bharat Biotech and Oxford/AstraZeneca". BBC News. 3 January 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  17. ↑ Beaumont, Peter (24 March 2021). "Delhi reportedly halts AstraZeneca Covid vaccine exports as cases soar". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  18. ↑ "Why is the EU unhappy with AstraZeneca?". BBC News. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  19. ↑ "Expert panel recommends Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for restricted emergency use". News18. 2 January 2021.
  20. ↑ Prasad, R (15 January 2020). "Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin". The Hindu. Chennai.
  21. ↑ Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (16 January 2020). "Covaxin recipients asked to sign consent form on 'clinical trial mode'". The Hindu. New Delhi.
  22. ↑ Prasad, R (15 January 2020). "Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin". The Hindu. Chennai.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "World's largest vaccination programme begins in India on January 16". The Hindu. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  24. ↑ Prasad, R (15 January 2020). "Vaccine dilemma — to take or not to take Covaxin". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  25. ↑ "No case of post-vaccination hospitalisation reported so far: Health Ministry". The Hindu. New Delhi. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  26. ↑ "Over six lakh vaccinated so far". The Hindu. New Delhi. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  27. ↑ "കോവിഡ് വാക്‌സിനേഷന്‍: പാര്‍ശ്വഫലമുണ്ടായത്‌ 0.18% പേരില്‍, ആശുപത്രിയില്‍ പ്രവേശിപ്പിച്ചത് 0.002% പേരെ". Mathrubhumi. New Delhi. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  28. ↑ Ellis-Peterson, Hannah; Dhillon, Amrit (20 January 2020). "Indian hesitancy sets back world's biggest Covid vaccination drive". The Guardian. New Delhi. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  29. ↑ Allana, Alia (15 March 2021). "Opinion | How Do You Vaccinate 1.3 Billion People?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  30. ↑ "Coronavirus Registration for next phase of vaccination on Co-WIN 2.0 portal to open on March 1". The Hindu. 28 February 2021.
  31. ↑ "Citizen Registration and Appointment for Vaccination" (PDF). mohfw.gov.in.
  32. ↑ "All above 60 years of age, 45-plus with comorbidities can get COVID-19 vaccine from March 1". The Economic Times. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  33. ↑ "Covid-19 vaccination: How is India's inoculation drive going". BBC News. 20 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  34. ↑ "India reports new record of 103,558 daily Covid cases, as second wave and new lockdowns hit". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  35. ↑ Yeung, Jessie; Sud, Vedika (21 April 2021). "India's second Covid wave hits like a 'tsunami' as hospitals buckle under weight". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 India's vaccine shortage will last months, biggest manufacturer warns, Financial Times, 3 May 2021.
  37. ↑ PTI (28 December 2020). "Already produced 40-50 million dosages of Covishield vaccine, says Serum Institute". The Hindu.
  38. ↑ India is the home of the world's biggest producer of Covid vaccines. But it's facing a major internal shortage, CNBC, 5 May 2021.
  39. ↑ Leo, Leroy (11 March 2021). "DCGI removes Covaxin out of 'clinical trial mode'". mint. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  40. ↑ "CoWin Upgrade, 50 lakh Daily Target: What to Expect As India Vaccinates Citizens Above 45". www.news18.com. 3 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  41. ↑ "PM Modi calls for 'Vaccine Utsav' from April 11–14; Aghadi split over vaccine stock; more". India Today. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  42. ↑ "Tika Utsav: India to inoculate citizens on day 2 of 'vaccination festival' today". Hindustan Times. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  43. ↑ "Tika Utsav: India's COVID-19 vaccination coverage exceeds 11 crore mark". The Economic Times. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Experts clear Russia's Sputnik Covid-19 vaccine for use in India". Hindustan Times. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  45. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE India to get Russia's Sputnik V vaccine only by end-May". reuters. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
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Notes

  1. ↑ Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and Zydus Cadila are not yet under distribution
  2. ↑ Zydus Cadila is the only vaccine to been approved for children above 12 years

External links

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