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'''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. | '''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. | ||
She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]]. | She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]]. | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was | Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was Amardeep Kaur Anand, daughter of Sir Datar Singh. She was educated at [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=129 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and later at [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/model-gandhi-bahu-modis-minister-manekas-big-fight-against-dynasty-1543137.html|title=Model, Gandhi bahu, Modi's minister: Maneka's fight against dynasty|website=Firstpost.com|date=27 May 2014|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "India Today">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-extract-from-khushwant-singhs-autobiography/1/289506.html|title=Exclusive extract from Khushwant Singhs autobiography}}</ref> She subsequently studied [[German language|German]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJ5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5763,5470655|title=Mrs Gandhi's son to marry|access-date=15 July 2012|newspaper=St. Josephs News Press|date=29 July 1974}}</ref> | ||
Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Kushwant|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm|access-date=20 August 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=10 February 2002}}</ref> | Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Kushwant|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm|access-date=20 August 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=10 February 2002}}</ref> | ||
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Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ |publisher=Supreme Court of India |access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup." | Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ |publisher=Supreme Court of India |access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup." | ||
In 1980, Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp |title=Art of commitment |last=Basu|first=Arundhati|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|date=6 August 2005}}</ref> | In 1980, Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911162335/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2012 |title=Art of commitment |last=Basu|first=Arundhati|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|date=6 August 2005}}</ref> | ||
==Early life and career== | ==Early life and career== | ||
Maneka's relationship with [[Indira Gandhi]] gradually disintegrated after Sanjay's death and they would continually argue with one another. Maneka was eventually forced out of 1, [[Safdarjung Road]], the prime minister's residence, after a fallout with Indira.<ref name = "India Today"/> | Maneka's relationship with [[Indira Gandhi]] gradually disintegrated after Sanjay's death and they would continually argue with one another. Maneka was eventually forced out of 1, [[Safdarjung Road]], the prime minister's residence, after a fallout with Indira.<ref name = "India Today"/> On 3 April 1983, she founded the Rashtriya Sanjay Manch along with [[Akbar Ahmad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=April 4, 1983, Forty Years Ago: Rasta Roko Protest |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/40-years-ago/april-4-1983-forty-years-ago-rasta-roko-protest-8536217/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The party primarily focused on youth empowerment and employment. It won four out of five seats in the [[Elections in Andhra Pradesh]]. | ||
Gandhi published ''The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names'', in recognition of her husband's [[Zoroastrian]] faith.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSdCL2ZfflIC|title=The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names|first1=Maneka|last1=Gandhi|first2=Ozair|last2=Husain|date=2 August 2017|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143031840|access-date=2 August 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Hinnells2005">{{citation|last=Hinnells|first=John|title=The Zoroastrian Diaspora: Religion and Migration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfO4-5yh7VYC&pg=PA397|date=28 April 2005|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-826759-1|pages=397–398}}</ref> | Gandhi published ''The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names'', in recognition of her husband's [[Zoroastrian]] faith.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSdCL2ZfflIC|title=The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names|first1=Maneka|last1=Gandhi|first2=Ozair|last2=Husain|date=2 August 2017|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143031840|access-date=2 August 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Hinnells2005">{{citation|last=Hinnells|first=John|title=The Zoroastrian Diaspora: Religion and Migration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfO4-5yh7VYC&pg=PA397|date=28 April 2005|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-826759-1|pages=397–398}}</ref> | ||
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==Activism== | ==Activism== | ||
Gandhi is an environmentalist and [[animal rights]] leader in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |title=Biographical Sketch |website=Parliamentofindia.nic.in |access-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |archive-date=1 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has earned international awards and acclaim.<ref>See, e.g., Gandhi's MP "[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |date=1 May 2015 }}" in which her profession is described as "Writer, Animal Activist and Environmentalist". See also, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/asia/03gandhi.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Indian Scion Speaks Out, and Uproar Follows Him]" (NYT, 2 April 2009) which states: "Maneka Gandhi has cultivated a reputation as an animal rights champion."</ref> She was appointed [[chairwoman]] of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) in 1995. Under her direction, CPCSEA members carried unannounced inspections of laboratories where animals are used for scientific research were conducted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi |title=Maneka Sanjay Gandhi |website=Sachbharat.in |access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064338/http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> | Gandhi is an environmentalist and [[animal rights]] leader in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |title=Biographical Sketch |website=Parliamentofindia.nic.in |access-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |archive-date=1 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has earned international awards and acclaim.<ref>See, e.g., Gandhi's MP "[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |date=1 May 2015 }}" in which her profession is described as "Writer, Animal Activist and Environmentalist". See also, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/asia/03gandhi.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Indian Scion Speaks Out, and Uproar Follows Him]" (NYT, 2 April 2009) which states: "Maneka Gandhi has cultivated a reputation as an animal rights champion."</ref> She was appointed [[chairwoman]] of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) in 1995. Under her direction, CPCSEA members carried unannounced inspections of laboratories where animals are used for scientific research were conducted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi |title=Maneka Sanjay Gandhi |website=Sachbharat.in |access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064338/http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> | ||
In 1996, Gandhi protested the opening of the first [[McDonald's|McDonald's]] restaurant in India. Justifying her protest, she stated that "we don't need cow killers in India".<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/11/04/its-lamb-burger-not-hamburger-at-beefless-mcdonalds-in-new-delhi/e22d7821-5c07-4407-bec7-4c8741c111c5/</ref> | |||
Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]]. | Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]]. | ||
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Gandhi has often been criticized for her comments. | Gandhi has often been criticized for her comments. | ||
;Threatening a veterinarian over phone | ;Threatening a veterinarian over phone | ||
In June 2021, | In June 2021, she called a veterinarian, threatening to cancel his license for am allegedly botched up amputation surgery of a dog. Despite a veterinarian was trying to make her aware of the situation that he has exercised all due care during surgery and it was a ferocious dog which had torn-up bandages and surgical wounds after surgery, she hurled abusive and unparliamentary words. The call was recorded and was made viral on social media. All veterinary associations have condemned and protested her behavior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agra-vet-alleges-maneka-gandhi-abused-him-in-call-colleagues-protest-2471138|title = Agra Vet Alleges Maneka Gandhi Abused Him in Call, Colleagues Protest}}</ref> | ||
;Male Suicide Views | ;Male Suicide Views | ||
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== In popular culture == | == In popular culture == | ||
Gandhi hosted ''Maneka's Ark'', an environmental talk show which aired on the Indian national public broadcaster [[Doordarshan|Doorarshan]]'s [[DD National]] channel in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-03-01|title=Maneka's motives, BJP's 'mission'!|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/01vir.htm | Gandhi hosted ''Maneka's Ark'', an environmental talk show which aired on the Indian national public broadcaster [[Doordarshan|Doorarshan]]'s [[DD National]] channel in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-03-01|title=Maneka's motives, BJP's 'mission'!|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/01vir.htm|access-date=2021-06-12|website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Television « Pritish Nandy Communications Ltd.|url=https://pritishnandycom.com/television/|access-date=2021-06-12|language=en}}</ref> She had earlier hosted ''Heads & Tails'', an animal rights show, on the same channel.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
==Awards== | ==Awards== | ||
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*International Women's Association Woman of the Year Award, Chennai, 2001 | *International Women's Association Woman of the Year Award, Chennai, 2001 | ||
*Dinanath Mangeshkar Aadishakti Puraskar in the field of Environment and animal welfare, 2001 | *Dinanath Mangeshkar Aadishakti Puraskar in the field of Environment and animal welfare, 2001 | ||
*Rukmini Devi Arundale Animal Welfare Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mylaporetimes.com/2011/02/animal-welfare-award-to-maneka-gandhi/|title=MYLAPORE TIMES|website=Mylaporetimes.com|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> | *Rukmini Devi Arundale Animal Welfare Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mylaporetimes.com/2011/02/animal-welfare-award-to-maneka-gandhi/|title=MYLAPORE TIMES|website=Mylaporetimes.com|date=February 2011 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> | ||
*A.S.G. Jayakar award, 2008<ref>[http://www.india-server.com/news/maneka-gandhi-conferred-a-s-g-jayakar-970.html India News – News from India, Latest India News, Online India News Headlines<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519221018/http://www.india-server.com/news/maneka-gandhi-conferred-a-s-g-jayakar-970.html |date=19 May 2009 }}</ref> | *A.S.G. Jayakar award, 2008<ref>[http://www.india-server.com/news/maneka-gandhi-conferred-a-s-g-jayakar-970.html India News – News from India, Latest India News, Online India News Headlines<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519221018/http://www.india-server.com/news/maneka-gandhi-conferred-a-s-g-jayakar-970.html |date=19 May 2009 }}</ref> | ||
* Human Achiever Award in field of Women Empowerment and Children Welfare by Mrs Caroline W/O Ambassador Of Namibia and Ms Sanorita Issac, founder & Chairperson, Human Achiever Foundation, India. | * Human Achiever Award in field of Women Empowerment and Children Welfare by Mrs Caroline W/O Ambassador Of Namibia and Ms Sanorita Issac, founder & Chairperson, Human Achiever Foundation, India. | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=129 Profile] at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India | * [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=129 Profile] at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India | ||
*{{IMDb name|id=1514249}} | *{{IMDb name|id=1514249}} | ||
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[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]] | [[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]] | ||
[[Category:People from Pilibhit]] | [[Category:People from Pilibhit]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:India MPs 2019–present]] | ||
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]] | [[Category:V. P. Singh administration]] | ||
[[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]] | [[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]] | ||
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[[Category:National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election]] | [[Category:National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election]] | ||
[[Category:Culture Ministers of India]] | [[Category:Culture Ministers of India]] | ||
[[Category:Indian vegetarianism activists]] | |||