List of Indian monarchs: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|List of Indian monarchs}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|reason=Large sections of the article are not referenced; several reigns are inaccurate|date=April 2022}}


The following '''list of Indian monarchs''' is one of several [[lists of incumbents]]. It includes those said to have ruled a portion of the [[Indian subcontinent]], including [[Sri Lanka]].
This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several [[lists of incumbents]].
[[File:Indian Subcontinent (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|The [[Indian subcontinent]], the main centre of Indian culture]]


[[File:South Asia (orthographic projection) without national boundaries.svg|thumb|[[South Asia]], main centre of Indian culture]]
The [[Mahajanapada|earliest Indian rulers]] are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on [[Edicts of Ashoka|Ashokan edicts]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |title=Inscriptions of Asoka |year=1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/inscriptionsaso00hultgoog |language=en }}</ref><ref>Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircar [https://books.google.com/books?id=1_omDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 p.30]</ref> written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like [[Sanskrit literature]], [[Jain literature]] and [[Buddhist literature]] in context of [[Indian literature|literary sources]]. [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent|Archaeological sources]] include archeological remains in [[Indian subcontinent]] which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.


The [[Mahajanapada|earliest Indian rulers]] are known from [[Sanskrit literature]], [[Jain literature]] and a few in [[Buddhist literature]] in context of [[Indian literature|literary sources]]. [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent|Archaeological sources]] included archological remains in [[Indian subcontinent]] which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.
Early types of historic documentation include [[Coinage of India|metal coins]] with an indication of the ruler, or at least the [[dynasty]], at the time. These [[Punch-marked coins]] were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the [[Maurya Empire]] in 300s BCE. There are also [[Early Indian epigraphy|stone inscriptions]] and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of [[North India]] are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the [[Deccan]] and [[South India]] has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of [[South India]]n history is [[Sangam Literature]] dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.


Early types of historic documentation include [[Coinage of India|metal coins]] with an indication of the ruler, or at least the [[dynasty]], at the time. These [[Punch-marked coins]] issued around 600s BCE and in abundance under the [[Maurya Empire]] in 300s BCE.
== Vedic India (c. 2000s – 200s BCE) ==
{{see also|Outline of ancient India|Iron Age in India|Vedic Period|Janapada|Mahajanapada}}


There are also [[Early Indian epigraphy|stone inscriptions]] and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of [[North India]] are fairly clear from this point on, but the many local rulers, and the situation in the [[Deccan]] and [[South India]] is less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of [[South India]]n history is [[Sangam Literature]] dated from 300s BCE.
=== Kingdom of Magadha ===
[[List of monarchs of Magadha]]


Time period of ancient Indian rulers rulers are speculative, or at least uncertain. The early history of many dynasties of [[Ancient India]] and are currently uncertain.
=== Kingdom of Kashmir ===
[[List of monarchs of Kashmir]]


==Heheya Kingdom==
=== Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE) ===
{{main|Heheya Kingdom}}
[[Gandhara Kingdom#Rulers|Kings of Gandhara]]


* [[Pururavas|Maharaj Adarsh]]
=== Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE) ===
* [[Ayu|Maharaj Ayu]]
[[List of Kuru kings]]
* [[Nahusha|Maharaj Nahusha]]
* [[Yayati|Maharaj Yayati]]
* [[Yadu|Maharaj Yadu]]
* Maharaj Sahasrajit
* Maharaj Shatjit
* [[Heheya Kingdom|Maharaj Haihay]] –  (Founder of [[Heheya Kingdom]])<ref name="rc">Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972) ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.130–1.</ref>
* Maharaj Dharma
* Maharaj Dharmnetra
* Maharaj Kuntiraj
* Maharaj Sahjit
* Maharaj Mahishman – (Founder of [[Mahismati]])<ref name="PKB_1977">{{cite book |title=Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records |author=PK Bhattacharya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njYpsvmr2dsC&pg=PA170 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-3394-4 |year=1977 |pages=170–175 }}</ref>
* Maharaj Bhadrasen
* Maharaj Durdabh
* Maharaj Dhhannaka
* [[Maharaj Kritvirya Arjuna]]
* [[Kartavirya Arjuna|Maharaj Sahasrarjun]]
* Maharaj Veersen (Jaydhvaj)


Later they were divided among different sub-castes which include [[Kansara]], Kasera, [[Tamrakar]], [[Thathera]], Tambat and many more.<ref>Kaalpurush Sahasrarjun. (n.d.). (n.p.): Atmaram & Sons.</ref>
=== Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE) ===
[[Haiheya Kingdom|Haiheyas]]
# Maharaj Adarsh
# Maharaj Ayu
# Maharaj Nahusha
# Maharaj Yayati
# Maharaj Yadu
# Sahasrajit
# Satajit
# Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
# Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
# Netra
# Kunti
# Sohanji
# Mahishman was the founder of [[Mahishmati]] on the banks of River Narmada.
# Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king [[Trishanku]])
# Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
# Durdama
# Bhima
# Samhata
# Kanaka
# Dhanaka
# Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king [[Rohitashva]])
# Sahasrabahu [[Kartavirya Arjuna]] was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by Lord [[Parashurama]].
# Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
# Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
# Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
# Madhu
# Vrshni
[[Pradyota dynasty]]


===Medieval Haihayas===
=== Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE) ===
A number of early medieval dynasties, which include the [[Kalachuri]] and [[Mushika Kingdom]] of [[Kerala]], claimed their descent from the Haihayas.<ref>Thapar, Romila (1996). ''Ancient Indian Social History Some Interpretations'', New Delhi: Orient Longman, {{ISBN|81-250-0808-X}}, p.282</ref>
[[Videha#Rulers|Kings of Videha]]


== Magadha dynasties ==
# [[Videgha Mathava]] - Founder of Videha
{{main|Magadha}}
# [[Nimi (king)|Nimi]] - Earliest ancestor of [[Janaka|Janaka Dynasty]]
# [[King Mithi|Mithi]] - First Janaka and founder of Mithila
# Udavasu - Second Janaka
# Nandivardhana - Third Janaka
# Suketu - Fourth Janaka
# [[Devarata Janaka]] - Fifth Janaka
# Brihadvrata
# Mahavira
# Sudhriti
# Dristaketu
# Haryasva
# Maru
# Pratindhaka
# Kritiratha
# Devamidha
# Vibhuta
# Mahidhrata
# Kirtirata
# Mahorama
# Svarnorama
# [[Hrasvaroman Janaka|Hrasvaroma]]
# [[Janaka|Seeradhvaja]] (father of Sita in [[Ramayana]]) - Twenty first Janaka
# [[Bhanumaan Janaka|Bhaanumaan]]
# Shatadyumna
# Shuchi
# Oorjanaamaa
# Kriti
# Anjana
# Kurujit
# Arishtanemi
# Shrutaayu
# Supaarshva
# Srinjaya
# Kshemaavee
# Anenaa
# Bhaumaratha
# Satyaratha
# Upagu
# Upagupta
# Svaagata
# Svaananda
# Suvarchaa
# Supaarshwa
# Subhaasha
# Sushruta
# Jaya
# Vijaya
# Rita
# Sunaya
# Veetahavya
# Dhriti
# [[Bahulashva Janaka|Bahulashva]]
# Kriti
Apart from the above list of Janakas, there more Janakas mentioned in different texts
# [[Karala Janaka]]
# [[Dharmadhwaja Janaka]]
# [[Janadeva Janaka]]


=== Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE) ===
=== Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE) ===
{{Main|Brihadratha dynasty}}
[[Kalinga (historical region)#Ancient Kalinga : Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)|Kings of Kalinga]]


;Rulers-
=== Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE) ===
{| class="wikitable"
Kings of Kosala:<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-413-8}}, pp.283-8, 384</ref>
|+List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers
* [[Brihadbala]]
!Ruler
* Brihatkshaya
!Reign (BCE)
* Urukriya
|-
* Vatsavyuha
| [[Brihadratha]] ||
* Prativyoma
|-
* Bhaanu
| [[Jarasandha]] ||
* Divakara
|-
* Veer Sahadeva
| [[Sahadeva of Magadha]] ||
* Brihadashva
|-
* Bhanuratha
| Somadhi || 1661–1603 BCE
* Pratitashva
|-
* Supratika
| Srutasravas || 1603–1539 BCE
* Marudeva
|-
* Sunakshatra
| Ayutayus || 1539–1503 BCE
* Pushkara
|-
* Antariksha
| [[Niramitra]] || 1503–1463 BCE
* Suvarna
|-
* Bruhadaraaj
| Sukshatra || 1463–1405 BCE
* Kritanjaya
|-
* Ranajjaya
| Brihatkarman || 1405–1382 BCE
* [[Kosala#History|Sanjaya Mahakoshala]] or Jayasena
|-
* [[Pasenadi|Prasenajit]]
| Senajit || 1382–1332 BCE
* [[Viḍūḍabha|Virudhaka]]
|-
* [[King Sumitra|Sumitra]]
| Srutanjaya || 1332–1292 BCE
|-
| Vipra || 1292–1257 BCE
|-
| Suchi || 1257–1199 BCE
|-
| Kshemya || 1199–1171 BCE
|-
| Subrata || 1171–1107 BCE
|-
| Dharma || 1107–1043 BCE
|-
| Susuma || 1043–970 BCE
|-
| Dridhasena || 970–912 BCE
|-
| Sumati || 912–879 BCE
|-
| [[Subala]] || 879–857 BCE
|-
| Sunita || 857–817 BCE
|-
| Satyajit || 817–767 BCE
|-
| Viswajit || 767–732 BCE
|-
| [[Ripunjaya]] || 732–682 BCE
|}
(''[[Ripunjaya]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethorned by [[Pradyota]] in 682 BCE'')


=== Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE) ===
=== Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE) ===
{{main|Pradyota dynasty}}
Kings of Panchala:
 
* Rishin
;Rulers-
* Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
{| class="wikitable"
* Brihatkaya
|+List of Pradyota dynasty Rulers
* Puranjaya
!Ruler
* Riksha
!Reign (BCE)
* Bramhyaswa
!Period
* Aramyaswa
|-
* Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of [[Kampilya]] capital of [[Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Panchala Kingdom]])
| [[Pradyota|Pradyota Mahasena]]
* Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
| 682–659 BCE
* Dritimana
| 23
* Drdhanemi
|-
* Sarvasena, (founder of [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Ujjain Kingdom]])
| Palaka
* Mitra
| 659–635 BCE
* Rukmaratha
| 24
* Suparswa
|-
* Sumathi
| Visakhayupa
* Sannatimana
| 635–585 BCE
* Krta
| 50
* Pijavana
|-
* Somadutta
| Ajaka
* Jantuvahana
| 585–564 BCE
* Badhrayaswa
| 21
* Brihadhishu
|-
* Brihadhanu
| Varttivarddhana
* Brihadkarma
| 564–544 BCE
* Jayaratha
| 20
* Visvajit
|}
* Seinyajit
(''Varttivarddhana was last ruler of dynasty dethroned by [[Bimbisara]] in 544 BCE'')
* Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
 
* Samara
=== Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE) ===
* Sadashva
{{main|Haryanka dynasty}}
* Ruchiraswa
 
* Pruthusena
;Rulers-
* Prapti
{| class="wikitable"
* Prthaswa
|+List of Haryanka dynasty rulers
* Sukrthi
!Ruler
* Vibhiraja
!Reign (BCE)
* Anuha
|-
* Bramhadatta II
| [[Bimbisara]] || 544–491 BCE
* Vishwaksena
|-
* Dandasena
| [[Ajatashatru]] || 491–461 BCE
* Durmukha
|-
* Durbuddhi
| [[Udayin]] || 461–428 BCE
* Dharbhya
|-
* Divodasa
| Anirudha || 428–419 BCE
* Sivana I
|-
* Mitrayu
| Munda || 419–417 BCE
* Maitrayana
|-
* Soma
| Darshaka || 417–415 BCE
* Sivana II
|-
* Sadasana
| [[Nāgadāsaka]] || 415–413 BCE
* Sahadeva
|}
* Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
(''[[Nāgadāsaka]] was last ruler of dynasty overthrowed by [[Shishunaga]] in 413 BCE'')
* [[Prishati]], (son of Somaka)
* [[Drupada]], (son of Prishata)
* [[Dhrishtadyumna]], (was the son of Drupada, [[Draupadi]] and [[Shikhandi]] were the daughters of Drupada)
* [[Keśin Dālbhya]]
* [[Pravahana Jaivali]]
* [[Achyuta of Panchala|Achyuta]], (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] ruler [[Samudragupta]].)


=== Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE) ===
=== Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE) ===
{{main|Shaishunaga dynasty}}
Kings of Anga:
* Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]])
* [[King Romapada|Romapada]]
* [[Brihadratha]]
* [[Karna|Angaraj Karna]]
* [[Vrishaketu]] - (son of Karna)
* Tamralipta
* Lomapada
* Chitraratha
* Vrihadratha
* Vasuhoma
* Dhatarattha
* Dhadivahana
* [[Brahmadatta of Anga|Brahmadatta]] - (last king of Anga kingdom)


;Rulers-
=== Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE) ===
{| class="wikitable"
Kings of Kamboja:
|+List of Shishunga dynasty rulers
* [[Kamatha]]
!Ruler
* [[Chandravarma Kamboja]]
!Reign (BCE)
* [[Kamatha Kamboja]]
|-
* [[Prapaksha Kamboja]]
| [[Shishunaga]] || 413–395 BCE
* [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]
|-
* [[Srindra Varmana Kamboj]]
| [[Kalashoka]] || 395–377 BCE
 
|-
=== Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE) ===
| Kshemadharman || 377–365 BCE
Rulers of Shakya:
|-
* [[Shakya]]
| Kshatraujas || 365–355 BCE
* [[Sihahanu]]
|-
* [[Śuddhodana]]
| [[Nandivardhana]] || 355–349 BCE
* [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Shakya]] (aka [[Gautama Buddha]])
|-
* [[Rāhula]]
| [[Mahanandin]] || 349–345 BCE
''Later [[Shakya|Shakya Republic]] was conquered by [[Viḍūḍabha|Virudhaka]] of [[Kosala]].''
|}
''([[Mahanandin]] lost his empire by his illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 345 BCE)''


=== Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE) ===
=== Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE) ===
{{main|Nanda Empire}}
{{see also|Conquest of the Nanda Empire}}


;Rulers-
{|style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" width="9%" | Portrait
|+List of Nanda dynasty rulers
! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Name
!Ruler
! rowspan="2" width="9%" | Birth
!Reign (BCE)
! rowspan="2" width="9%" | Death
! colspan="2" width="9%" | Reign (BCE)
! rowspan="2" width="9%" | Marriages
! rowspan="2" width="26%" | Claim
|-
|-
| [[Mahapadma Nanda]] || 345–340 BCE
!Start
!End
|-
|-
| Pandhukananda || 340–339 BCE
|[[File:The Consecration Of King Sinhala-Prince Vijaya (Detail From The Ajanta Mural Of Cave No 17).jpg|100px|Vijaya]]
||'''[[Prince Vijaya|Vijaya]]'''
||?<br />[[Sinhapura]]<br />son of [[Sinhabahu]], and [[Sinhasivali]]
||505<br />[[Tambapanni]]
||543
||505
||[[Kuveni]]<br />two children [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandu Princes]]
||Founded [[Sinhala Kingdom|Kingdom]]<br />Marriage to [[Kuveni]]
|-
|-
| Panghupatinanda || 339–338 BCE
|||''[[Upatissa (regent)|Upatissa]]''<br /><small>''(regent)''</small>
||-
||-
||505
||504
||
||Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
|-
|-
| Bhutapalananda || 338–337 BCE
|||'''[[Panduvasdeva of Tambapanni|Panduvasdeva]]'''
||-
||-
||504
||474
||
||Nephew of Vijaya
|-
|-
| Rashtrapalananada || 337–336 BCE
|||'''[[Abhaya of Tambapanni|Abhaya]]'''
||-
||-
||474
||454
||
||Son of Panduvasdeva
|-
|-
| Govishanakananda || 336–335 BCE
|||''[[Prince Tissa|Tissa]]''<br /><small>''(regent)''</small>
|-
||-
| Dashasidkhakananda || 335–334 BCE
||-
|-
||454
| Kaivartananda || 334–333 BCE
||437
|-
||
| Karvinathanand || 333–330 BCE
||Younger brother of Abhaya
|-
| [[Dhana Nanda]] || 330–322 BCE
|}
|}
''([[Dhana Nanda]] lost his empire to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)''


=== Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 184 BCE) ===
== Ancient and early medieval Southern Indian dynasties ==
{{main|Maurya Empire}}
{{see also|History of Southern India|Tamilakam|}}


;Rulers-
=== Pandya dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1650 CE) ===
{| class="wikitable"
{{main|Pandya dynasty}}
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
 
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
====Early Pandyans====
|-
{{main|Early Pandyan kingdom}}
|[[Chandragupta Maurya]]||[[File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.png|100px]] ||322–297 BCE|| Founder of first Indian united empire.
* [[Koon Pandiyan]] - ''(Earliest Known Pandyan king)''
|-
* [[Nedunjeliyan I|Nedunj Cheliyan I]] ''(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)'', he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi (Tamil mythology)|Kannagi]]
|[[Bindusara]]||[[File:I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg|100px]] ||297–273 BCE||Known for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of [[Vidarbh]] revolt.
* Pudappandiyan
|-
* Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
|[[Ashoka]]||[[File:Ashoka's visit to the Ramagrama stupa Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern gateway.jpg|100px]] ||268–232 BCE||Greatest emperor of dynasty. His son [[Kunala]] was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for [[Kalinga war]] victory.
* [[Nedunjeliyan II|Nedunj Cheliyan II]] ''(Pasumpun Pandiyan)''
|-
* Nan Maran
|[[Dasharatha Maurya]]||[[File:Dasaratha Maurya inscription on entrance of Vadathika cave.jpg|100px]] ||232–224 BCE||Grandson of Ashoka.
* Nedunj Cheliyan III ''(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)''
|-
* Maran Valudi
|[[Samprati]]||||224–215 BCE||Brother of Dasharatha.
* Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
|-
* Ukkirap Peruvaluthi
|[[Shalishuka]]||[[File:Mauryan Empire. temp. Salisuka or later. Circa 207-194 BC.jpg|100px]]||215–202 BCE||
 
|-
====Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)====
|[[Devavarman]]||||202–195 BCE||
* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
|-
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (c. 620–645 CE)
|[[Shatadhanvan]]||||195–187 BCE|| The Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
* [[Jayantavarman]] (c. 645–670 CE)
|-
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (c. 670–710 CE)
|[[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]||||187–184 BCE|| Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] in 185 BCE.
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710–735 CE)
|-
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765)
|}
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
''([[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]  in 185 BCE)''
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
* Varagunan I (800–830)
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862)
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880)
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920)


=== Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE) ===
====Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)====
{{main|Shunga Empire}}
* Sundara Pandyan I
* Vira Pandyan I
* Vira Pandyan II
* Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
* Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
* Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
* Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
* Jatavarman Chola Pandya
* Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
* Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
* [[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162)
* Kulasekara Pandyan III
* Vira Pandyan III
* Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
* [[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216)


;Rulers-
==== Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE) ====
{| class="wikitable"
{{main|Pandalam dynasty}}
|+List of Shunga dynasty rulers
* [[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215)
!Ruler
* [[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238)
!Reign (BCE)
* [[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240)
|-
* [[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251)
| [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]|| 185–149 BCE
* [[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268)
|-
* [[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308)
| [[Agnimitra]]|| 149–141 BCE
* Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
|-
* Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
| [[Vasujyeshtha]]|| 141–131 BCE
|-
| [[Vasumitra]]|| 131–124 BCE
|-
| Bhadraka || 124–122 BCE
|-
| Pulindaka|| 122–119 BCE
|-
| Ghosha|| 119–108 BCE
|-
| Vajramitra|| 108–94 BCE
|-
| [[Bhagabhadra]]|| 94–83 BCE
|-
| [[Devabhuti]]|| 83–73 BCE
|}
''([[Devabhuti]] was the last ruler of dynasty dethroned by, dethroned [[Vasudeva Kanva]] in 73 BCE)''


=== Kanva dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE) ===
====Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)====
{{main|Kanva dynasty}}
{{main|Tenkasi Pandyas}}


;Rulers-
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] because of the Islamic and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] invasion, and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.
{| class="wikitable"
* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463)
|+List of Kanava dynasty rulers
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473)
! Ruler
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] (1473–1506)
!Reign
* Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
!Period
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543)
|-
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552)
| [[Vasudeva Kanva]]
* Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
| 73–64 BCE
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)
|9
* Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
|-
* Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
| Bhumimitra
* Kollankondan (1618–1650){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
| 64–50 BCE
|14
|-
| Narayana
| 50–38 BCE
|12
|-
| Susarman
|38–28 BCE
|10
|}
''(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Simuka]] of [[Satavahana Empire]])''


== Kalinga Empire ==
=== Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE) ===
{{Main|Kalinga (historical region)}}
[[Chera dynasty#Cheras from early Tamil texts|Ancient Chera kings]]


=== ''First'' Kalinga dynasty (c. 1700 – 700 BCE)===
[[Kongu Chera dynasty#Kongu Chera genealogy|Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)]]


According to [[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]], the prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.<ref name=enHindu>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 1|year=1992|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&q=Bali%20Kalinga%20Vanga&pg=PA18|author=Gaṅgā Rām Garg|isbn=9788170223740|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:kalingas|title=Kalingas|website=www.ancientvoice.wikidot.com|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> The Mahabharata also mentions one Srutayudha as the king of the Kalinga kingdom, who joined the [[Kauravas|Kaurava]] camp.<ref name=maha>{{cite book|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Second Book Sabha Parva|publisher=Echo Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPpAfsrooXsC&q=mahabharata%20Srutayudha%20kalinga&pg=PA10|author=Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa|date=March 2008|access-date=28 October 2012|page=10|isbn=9781406870442}}</ref> In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.<ref name=hem>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Mahagovinda%20Suttanta%20kalinga&pg=PA75|access-date=25 October 2012|page=75|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref>
[[Chera dynasty#Chera Perumal genealogy|Makotai Cheras]]


*'''King Kalinga''' ''(founder of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga Kingdom]])''
Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):
*'''King Odra''' ''(founder of [[Odra Kingdom]])''
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1090–1102)
*[[Srutayudha]]
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
*Srutayush
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
*Manimat
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
*Chitrangada
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
*Subahu
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
*Virasena
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
*Sudatta
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
*Sattabhu
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
*Nalikira
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
*Yavanaraj
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
*Dantavakkha ''or'' Dantavakhra
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
*[[Avakinnayo Karakandu]]
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
*Vasupala
* Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
 
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
=== ''Second'' Kalinga dynasty (c. 700 – 550 BCE) ===
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
 
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
This dynasty is mentioned in ''[[Chullakalinga Jataka]] and [[Kalingabodhi Jataka]]''. The first king Kalinga I is said to have broken away from the [[Danda kingdom]] along with the kings of [[Asmaka]] and [[Vidarbha]] as its feudal states.
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
 
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
* Dandaki
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
* Kalinga I
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
* Mahakalinga
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
* [[Chullakalinga]]
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
* [[Kalinga II]] (c. 7th – 6th century BCE)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
 
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
=== Unknown dynasty mentioned in ''Dathavamsha'' (c. 550 – 410 BCE) ===
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
 
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
* Brahmadatta (c. 5th century BCE)
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503)
* Kasiraja
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Sunanda
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)
* Guhasiva
 
=== Solar dynasty of Kalinga (c. 410 – 380 BCE) ===
 
* Brahmaadittiya (c. 4th century BC)
 
His son, Prince Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya was exiled and as per Maldivian history, established the first kingdom [[List of sultans of the Maldives#Kingdom of Dheeva Maari, Solar dynasty (Adeetta Vansa)|Dheeva Maari]] and laid the foundation of the Adeetta dynasty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohamed |first=Naseema |title=First Settlers |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_2005_num_70_1_3970 |journal=Note on the Early History of the Maldives |date=2005 |page=9 |doi=10.3406/arch.2005.3970 |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref>


== Gonanda Kingdom of Kashmir ==
=== Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1279 CE) ===
{{Main|Gonanda dynasty|Kashmir}}
==== Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE) ====
* Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
* Maandhuvaazhi
* El Mei Nannan
* Keezhai Kinjuvan
* Vazhisai Nannan
* Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
* Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
* Thizhagan Maandhi
* Maandhi Vaelan
* Aai Adumban
* [[Ilamcetcenni]]
* [[Karikala Chola]]
* [[Nedunkilli]]
* [[Nalankilli]]
* [[Killivalavan]]
* [[Perunarkilli]]
* [[Kocengannan]]
* Nalluruththiran
 
==== [[Chola Empire#Emperors|Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)]] ====
 
=== Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE–1200 CE) ===
{{main|Velirs}}
Major dynasties of Velir are-
* [[Vēl Pāri]]
* [[Ilanji Vel]]
* [[Irunkōvēl]]
* [[Athiyamān]]
* [[Malayamān]]
* [[Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri]]
* [[Athiyamān Nedumān Añci]]
* [[Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan]]


=== Gonanda dynasty I (c. 1700 – 1182 BCE)===
=== Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE–800 CE) ===
{{main|Ay dynasty}}


[[Kalhana]] mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali [[calendar era]]. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds between 1800 BCE – 1700 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Jogesh Chandra  |year=1879 |title=Kings of Káshmíra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8EIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR20 |publisher=Trübner & Co |pages=xix–xxiii}}</ref>
==== Early Ay Kings ====
* [[Ay Andiran]]
* [[Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)|Ay Titiyan]]
* Ay Atiyan


*Gonanda I
==== Medieval Ay Kings ====
*Damodara I
* [[Chadayan Karunanthan]]
*Yashovati
* [[Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha]] (r. 856–884 CE)
*Gonanda II
* [[Vikramaditya Varaguna]] (r. 884–911 CE)
*'''35 kings (names lost)'''
*Lava
*Kusheshaya
*Khagendra
*Surendra
*Godhara
*Suvarna
*Janaka
*Shachinara
*[[Ashoka (Gonandiya)]]
*[[Jalauka]]
*Damodara II
*Abhimanyu I


=== Gonanditya dynasty (c. 1182 – 246 BCE) ===
=== Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE) ===
{{Main|Pallava dynasty#Chronology}}


The Gonanditya dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1979 |orig-year=First published 1900 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=1 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=133–138}}</ref>
=== Kadamba dynasties (c. 345–1310 CE) ===
==== Principality of Banavasi (c. 345–540 CE) ====
{{main|Kadamba dynasty}}


{| class="wikitable"
'''Banavasi branch rulers-'''
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
* [[Mayurasharma]] (345–365)
|-
* Kangavarma (365–390)
| Gonanda III || 35 years || 1182 BCE || Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. (I.191) He belonged to [[Rama]]'s lineage, and restored the Nāga rites
* Bhageerath (390–415)
|-
* Raghu (415–435)
| Vibhishana I || 53 years, 6 months || 1147 BCE ||
* [[Kakusthavarma]] (435–455)
|-
* Santivarma (455–460)
| Indrajit || 35 years || 1094 BCE ||
* Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
|-
* Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
| Ravana || 30 years, 6 months || – || A [[Shivalinga]] attributed to Ravana could still be seen at the time of Kalhana.
* Ravivarma (485–519)
|-
* Harivarma (519–530)
| Vibhishana II || 35 years, 6 months || 1058 BCE ||
|-
| Nara I (Kinnara) || 40 years, 9 months || 1023 BCE || His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. He tried to abduct a Nāga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Because of this, the Nāga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire.
|-
| Siddha || 60 years || 983 BCE || Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nāga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle.
|-
| Utpalaksha || 30 years, 6 months || 923 BCE || Son of Siddha
|-
| Hiranyaksha || 37 years, 7 months || 893 BCE || Son of Utpalaksha
|-
| Hiranyakula || 60 years || 855 BCE || Son of Hiranyaksha
|-
| Vasukula (Mukula) || 60 years || 795 BCE || Son of Hiranyakula. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly [[Huna people|Hunas]]) overran Kashmir.
|-
| Mihirakula || 70 years || 735 BCE || According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was [[Toramana]]. Kalhana mentions a king called Toramana, but places him much later, in Book 3.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} According to Kalhana, Mihirakula was a cruel ruler who ordered killings of a large number of people, including children, women and elders. He invaded the [[Sinhala Kingdom]], and replaced their king with a cruel man. As he passed through [[Chola kingdom|Chola]], [[Karnata]] and other kingdoms on his way back to Kashmir, the rulers of these kingdoms fled their capitals and returned only after he had gone away. On his return to Kashmir, he ordered killings of 100 elephants, who had been startled by the cries of a fallen elephant. Once, Mihirakula dreamt that a particular stone could be moved only by a chaste woman. He put this to test: the women who were unable to move the stone were killed, along with their husbands, sons and brothers. He was supported by some immoral Brahmins. In his old age, the king committed self-immolation.
|-
| Vaka (Baka) || 63 years, 18 days || 665 BCE || A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons.
|-
| Kshitinanda || 30 years || 602 BCE || The only surviving child of Vaka
|-
| Vasunanda || 52 years, 2 months || 572 BCE || "Originator of the science of love"
|-
| Nara II || 60 years || 520 BCE || Son of Vasunanda
|-
| Aksha || 60 years || 460 BCE || Son of Nara II
|-
| Gopaditya || 60 years, 6 days || 400 BCE || Son of Aksha. Gave lands to Brahmins. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-[[Sattvic diet]]); in their place, he brought others from foreign countries.
|-
| Gokarna || 57 years, 11 months || 340 BCE || Son of Gopaditya
|-
| Narendraditya I (Khingkhila) || 36 years, 3 months, 10 days || 282 BCE ||  Son of Gokarna
|-
| Yudhisthira I || 34 years, 5 months, 1 day || 246 BCE || Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule.
|}


=== Kashmir Chiefs of Ujjani Kingdom (c. 246 BCE – 25 CE ) ===
'''Triparvatha branch rulers-'''
* Krishna Varma I (455–475)
* Vishnuvarma (475–485)
* Simhavarma (485–516)
* [[Krishna Varma II]] (516–540)


No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} These kings ruled Kashmir for 192 years.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}}
==== Principality of Goa (c. 960–1345 CE) ====
{{main|Kadambas of Goa}}
* Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
* Nagavarma
* Guhalladeva I
* Shashathadeva II
* Guhalladeva II  (1038–1042)
* Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
* Jayakeshi I  (1054–1080)
* Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
* Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka,  (ruling prince up to 1104)
* Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
* Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
* Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
* Jayakeshi III  (1188–1216)
* Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
* Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
* Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
* Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty


{| class="wikitable"
==== Principality of Hangal (c. 980–1275 CE) ====
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
{{main|Kadambas of Hangal}}
|-
| Pratapaditya I || 32 years || 167 BCE || Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6).
|-
| [[Jalauka]] || 32 years || 135 BCE || Son of Pratapaditya
|-
| Tungjina I || 36 years || 103 BCE || Shared the administration with his queen. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. After his death, the queen committed [[sati (practice)|sati]]. The couple died childless.
|-
| Vijaya || 8 years || 67 BCE || From a different dynasty than Tungjina.
|-
| Jayendra || 37 years || 59 BCE || Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10 years. In his old age, the childless king  ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death.
|-
| Sandhimati || 47 years || 22 BCE || Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. He filled his court with [[rishi]]s (sages), and spent his time in forest retreats. Therefore, his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a descendant of Yudhishthira I. He willingly gave up the throne.
|}


=== Gonanda dynasty II (c. 25 – 561 CE)===
;known rulers are-
{{main|Gonanda dynasty (II)}}
* Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
* Kamadeva
* Somadeva
* Mayuravarma


{| class="wikitable"
==== Other minor Kadamba principalities ====
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133–138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
;[[Kadambas of Halasi]]
|-
;Kadambas of Bankapur
| [[Meghavahana]] || 34 years || 25 CE ||[[File:Coin of Meghama(...). Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.jpg|150px|right|Possible coinage of Meghavahana. '''Obverse''': ''[[Shiva]] Pashupati'' ("Lord of the Beasts"), making a mudra gesture with right hand and holding filleted trident; behind, a lioness or tiger. Trace of legend ''Meghana...'' in Brahmi. '''Reverse''': Goddess seated facing on lotus, holding lotus in both hand, [[Kidara]] monogram to left, ''Jaya'' in Brahmi to right. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.<ref name="JC">{{cite journal |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |title=Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage – A New Hoard and An Anomaly |journal=Numismatic Digest Volume 40 (2016) |date=April 2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/32663187 |language=en}}</ref>]] Meghavahana was the son of Yudhisthira I's great grandson, who had been granted asylum by Gopaditya, the king of [[Gandhara]]. Meghavahana had been selected the husband of a [[Vaishnavite]] princess at a [[Swayamvara]] in another kingdom. The ministers of Kashmir brought him to Kashmir after Sandhimati proved to be an unwilling king. Meghavahana banned animal slaughter and compensated those who earned their living through hunting. He patrnozed Brahmins, and set up a monastery. His queens built Buddhist [[vihara]]s and monasteries. He subdued kings in regions as far as [[Sinhala Kingdom]], forcing them to abandon animal slaughter.
;Kadambas of Bayalnad
|-
;Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
| Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II) || 30 years || 59 CE || Son of Meghavahana
;Kadambas of Uchchangi
|-
;Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)
| Hiranya || 30 years, 2 months || 89 CE || Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Hiranya died childless. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. This king is identified by some with [[Hephthalite Empire|Huna]] ruler [[Toramana]], although his successor [[Mihirakula]] is placed much earlier by Kalhana.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}}
|-
| Matrigupta || 4 years, 9 months, 1 day || 120 CE || According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of [[Ujjayini]] defeated the [[Shakas]], and made his friend and poet Matrigupta the ruler of Kashmir. After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary [[Vikramaditya]] of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor [[Harsha]] (c. 606–47 CE).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |title=Ancient Malwa And The Vikramaditya Tradition |author=D. C. Sircar |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1969 |isbn=978-8121503488 |pages=111 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617064610/http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |archive-date=2016-06-17 }}</ref> The latter is identified with [[Shiladitya]] mentioned in [[Xuanzang]]'s account. However, according to M. A. Stein, Kalhana's Vikramaditya is another Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account: a king of Malwa around 580 CE.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=66}}
|-
| [[Sri Pravarasena|Pravarasena II]] || 60 years || 125 CE ||[[File:Post-Kushan Gandhara Kidara Shahis Sri Pravarasena Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.jpg|150px|right|Coinage of Pravarasena, supposed founder of Srinagar. ''Obverse:'' Standing king with two figured seated below. Name "Pravarasena". ''Reverse:'' goddess seated on a lion. Legend "Kidāra". Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.<ref name="JC"/>]] Historical evidence suggests that a king named Pravarasena ruled Kashmir in the 6th century CE.{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=65}} According to Kalhana, Pravarasena subdued many other kings, in lands as far as [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. He restored the rule of Vikramaditya's son Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), who had been expelled from Ujjain by his enemies. Pratapshila agreed to be a vassal of Pravarasena after initial resistance. He founded a city called Pravarapura, which is identified by later historians as the modern city of [[Srinagar]] on the basis topographical details.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1989 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC&pg=PA439 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=439–441 |isbn=978-81-208-0370-1}}</ref>
|-
| Yudhishthira II || 39 years, 8 months || 185 CE || Son of Pravarasena
|-
| Narendraditya I (Lakshmana) || 13 years || 206 CE || Son of Yudhishthira II and Padmavati
|-
| Ranaditya I (Tungjina III) || 300 years || 219 CE ||[[File:Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.jpg|150px|right|Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.<ref name="JC"/>]] Younger brother of Narendraditya. His queen Ranarambha was an [[avatar|incarnation]] of Bhramaravasini. The [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] king Ratisena had found her among the waves, during an ocean worship ritual.
|-
| Vikramaditya || 42 years || 519 CE || Son of Ranaditya
|-
| Baladitya || 36 years, 8 months || 561 CE || Younger brother of Vikramaditya. He subdued several enemies. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama [[Kayastha]] caste.
|}


== Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE) ==
=== Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE) ===
{{Main|Gandhara Kingdom}}
[[Chutu dynasty#List of rulers|List of rulers of Banavasi]]


Gandhara region centered around the [[Peshawar Valley]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] river valley, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus river to the [[Taxila]] region in [[Potohar Plateau]] and westwards into the [[Kabul River|Kabul]] and [[Bamiyan]] valleys in [[Afghanistan]], and northwards up to the [[Karakoram]] range.<ref>{{cite book |last=Neelis |first=Jason |year=2010 |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB-JV2eOr2UC&pg=PA102 |publisher=BRILL |page=232 |isbn=978-90-04-18159-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Eggermont |first=Pierre Herman Leonard |year=1975 |title=Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG0_xoDS3hUC&pg=PA179 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |pages=175–177 |isbn=978-90-6186-037-2}}</ref>
=== Vishnukundina dynasty of Denduluru (c. 420–624 CE) ===
[[Vishnukundina dynasty#Chronology|List of rulers of Denduluru]]


;Known Gandhara rulers are-
=== Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE) ===
* Nagnajit
{{main|Chalukya dynasty|Eastern Chalukyas|Chalukyas of Vemulavada|Western Chalukya Empire}}
* [[Shakuni]]
* [[Subala]]
* Achala
* Kalikeya
* Suvala
* Vrishaka
* Vrihadvala
* Gaya
* Gavaksha
* Vrishava
* Charmavat
* Arjava
* Suka
* Kulinda
* Pushkarasakti (c. 535–518 BCE), last ruler of Gandhara kingdom probably at time of [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]]
* Kandik, (late ruler)


==Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200–345 BCE)==
{| class="wikitable"
{{main|Kuru Kingdom}}
!colspan=2|Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Capital/<br>Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I]]||
|align=center|?
|align=center|500–520|| rowspan="6" |[[Badami]]|| rowspan="2" |?<br>at least one child
|align=center|520||First ruler of the dynasty.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Ranaraga]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I]]</small>
|align=center|520–540
|align=center|540||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Pulakeshin I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Ranaraga]]</small>
|align=center|540–567||Durlabhadevi<br>at least two children
|align=center|567||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Kirtivarman I]]||
| rowspan="2" align="center" |?<br><small>Sons of [[Pulakeshin I]] and Durlabhadevi</small>
|align=center|567–592||?<br>at least two children
|align=center|592||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Mangalesha]]||[[File:6th century Kannada inscription in cave temple number 3 at Badami.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|592–610||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|610||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Pulakeshin II]]||[[File:Pulikesin II, the Chalukhaya, receives envoys from Persia (1).jpg|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of [[Kirtivarman I]]</small>
|align=center|610–642||?<br>five children
|align=center|642
|rowspan="2"|Children of Kirtivarman I, divided their inheritance.
|- style="background:#def"
|[[Kubja Vishnuvardhana|Kubja Vishnuvardhana I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of [[Kirtivarman I]]</small>
|align=center|610–641|| rowspan="2" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>two children
|align=center|641
|- style="background:#def"
|[[Jayasimha I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I]]<ref>The numbering in Eastern Chalukya is independent from the main branch of the family.</ref>||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of [[Kubja Vishnuvardhana|Vishnuvardhana I]]</small>
|align=center|641–673||?
|align=center|673||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)|Adityavarman]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of [[Pulakeshin II]]</small>
|align=center|642–645||[[Badami]]||?<br>one child
|align=center|645
|rowspan="2"|Children of Pulakeshin II, divided their inheritance. The second son's filiation is however not certain, and based on chronology and in the name Chalukya which was adopted also by his descendants.
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Satyashraya (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Satyashraya]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son (?) of [[Pulakeshin II]]</small>
|align=center|642–675<ref>Ruling dates for the Vemulavada Chalukyas are estimated.</ref>||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|675
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Abhinavaditya]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)|Adityavarman]]</small>
|align=center|645–646|| rowspan="2" |[[Badami]]||?
|align=center|645||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Chandraditya (Chalukya dynasty)|Chandraditya]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Third son of [[Pulakeshin II]]</small>
|align=center|646–649||[[Vijaya-Bhattarika]]<br>one child
|align=center|649||
|- style="background:#fff"
|colspan="7" align="center"|<small>''Regency of [[Vijaya-Bhattarika]]'' (649–655)</small>
|rowspan="2"|Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
|-  style="background:#fff"
|''A son of Chandraditya''||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Chandraditya (Chalukya dynasty)|Chandraditya]] and [[Vijaya-Bhattarika]]</small>
|align=center|649–655|| rowspan="2" |[[Badami]]||?
|align=center|655
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Vikramaditya I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Fourth son of [[Pulakeshin II]]</small>
|align=center|655–680||Gangamahadevi<br>at least one child
|align=center|680||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Indra Bhattaraka]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of [[Kubja Vishnuvardhana|Vishnuvardhana I]]</small>
|align=center|673|| rowspan="2" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|673||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vishnuvardhana II]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Indra Bhattaraka]]</small>
|align=center|673–682||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|682||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Prithvipathi]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Satyashraya (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Satyashraya]]</small>
|align=center|675–700||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|700||
|- style="background:#fff
|[[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vikramaditya I]]</small>
|align=center|680–696||[[Badami]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|696||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Mangi Yuvaraja]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vishnuvardhana II]]</small>
|align=center|682–706||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|706||
|- style="background:#fff
|[[Vijayaditya|Vijayaditya I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]]</small>
|align=center|696–733||[[Badami]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|733||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Maharaja (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Maharaja]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Prithvipathi]]</small>
|align=center|700–725||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|725||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Jayasimha II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]]||
| rowspan="3" align="center" |?<br><small>Sons of [[Vishnuvardhana II]]</small>
|align=center|706–718|| rowspan="3" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| rowspan="3" |?<br>at least one child
|align=center|718||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Kokkli]]||
|align=center|718–719
|align=center|719||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vishnuvardhana III]]||
|align=center|719–755
|align=center|755||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Rajaditya (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Rajaditya]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Maharaja (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Maharaja]]</small>
|align=center|725–750||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|750||
|- style="background:#fff
|[[Vikramaditya II]]||[[File:8th century Kannada inscription on victory pillar at Pattadakal.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vijayaditya|Vijayaditya I]]</small>
|align=center|733–746|| rowspan="2" |[[Badami]]|| rowspan="2" |?<br>at least one child
|align=center|746||
|- style="background:#fff
|[[Kirtivarman II|Kirtivarman II Rahappa]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vikramaditya II]]</small>
|align=center|746–757
|align=center|757||
|- style="background:#fff
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Annexed to the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta Empire]]''
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Vinayaditya of Podana|Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Rajaditya (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Rajaditya]]</small>
|align=center|750–775||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|775|| Considered the first effectively independent ruler of Vemulavada. Vassal of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]].
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Vijayaditya I Bhattaraka|uk|Віджаядітья I|lt=Vijayaditya I Bhattaraka}}||
| rowspan="2" align="center" |?<br><small>Sons of [[Vishnuvardhana II]]</small>
|align=center|755–772|| rowspan="2" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|772|| His sister Silamahadevi married [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]], ruler of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]].
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vishnuvardhana IV|Vishnuvardhana IV Vishnuraja]]||
|align=center|772–808||Silabhattarika of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]]<br>three children
|align=center|808|| Married his first cousin.
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Arikesari I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vinayaditya of Podana|Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I]]</small>
|align=center|775–800|| rowspan="2" |[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least two children
|align=center|800||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Narasimha I (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Narasimha I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Arikesari I]]</small>
|align=center|800–825||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|825||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Vijayaditya II|uk|Віджаядітья II|lt=Vijayaditya II}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vishnuvardhana IV]] and Silabhattarika of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]]</small>
|align=center|808–847||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|847||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Yuddhamalla II (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Yuddhamalla II]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Narasimha I (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Narasimha I]]</small>
|align=center|825–850||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|850||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vishnuvardhana V|Kali Vishnuvardhana V]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of {{ill|Vijayaditya II|uk|Віджаядітья II|lt=Vijayaditya II}}</small>
|align=center|847–849|| rowspan="4" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||Shilamadevi of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]]<br>three children
|align=center|849|| Married Shilamadevi, niece of Queen Silabhattarika.
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vijayaditya III|Gunaga Vijayaditya III]]||
| rowspan="3" align="center" |?<br><small>Sons of [[Vishnuvardhana V]] and Shilamadevi of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]]</small>
|align=center rowspan="3"|849–892|| rowspan="3" |?<br>at least one child
|align=center|892
|rowspan="3"|Children of Vishnuvardhana V, ruled jointly.
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vikramaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Yuvaraja Vikramaditya I]]||
|align=center|892?
|- style="background:#def
|[[Yuddhamalla I]]||
|align=center|892?
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Baddega I|Baddega I Soladaganda]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Yuddhamalla II (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Yuddhamalla II]]</small>
|align=center|850–895||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|895||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Bhima I Dronarjuna|uk|Чалук'я Бхіма I|lt=Bhima I Dronarjuna}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vikramaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya I]]</small>
|align=center|892–921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|921||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Yuddhamalla III (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Yuddhamalla III]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Baddega I|Baddega I Soladaganda]]</small>
|align=center|895–915|| rowspan="2" |[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]|| rowspan="2" |?<br>at least one child
|align=center|925||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Narasimha II of Vemulavada|Narasimha II]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Yuddhamalla III (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Yuddhamalla III]]</small>
|align=center|915–930
|align=center|930||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Vijayaditya IV|uk|Віджаядітья IV|lt=Vijayaditya IV}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of {{ill|Bhima I|uk|Чалук'я Бхіма I|lt=Bhima I}}</small>
|align=center|921|| rowspan="7" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>two children
|align=center|921|| Beginning of a civil war in Vengi. During the seven years of the war (921–928), six different kings sat on Vengi's throne.
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vishnuvardhana VI (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vishnuvardhana VI]]<ref>Known alternatively as ''Amma I''.</ref>||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of {{ill|Vijayaditya IV|uk|Віджаядітья IV|lt=Vijayaditya IV}}</small>
|align=center|921–927||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|927||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Vijayaditya V (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya V]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of [[Vishnuvardhana VI (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vishnuvardhana VI]]</small>
|align=center|927||?
|align=center|927||Ruled for fifteen days.
|- style="background:#def
|[[Tala I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Tala I]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Yuddhamalla I]]</small>
|align=center|927||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|927|| Ruled for one month.
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Vikramaditya II, King of Vengi|uk|Вікрамадітья II (Венга)|lt=Vikramaditya II}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of {{ill|Bhima I|uk|Чалук'я Бхіма I|lt=Bhima I}}</small>
|align=center|927–928||?
|align=center|928||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Bhima II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima II]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of [[Vishnuvardhana VI (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vishnuvardhana VI]]</small>
|align=center|928||?
|align=center|928||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Yuddhamalla II|uk|Юддха Малла II|lt=Yuddhamalla II}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Tala I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Tala I]]</small>
|align=center|928–935||?<br>At least one child
|align=center|935||End of the war. However, the throne still moved between different branches of the family.
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Arikesari II]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Narasimha II of Vemulavada|Narasimha II]]</small>
|align=center|930–941||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|941||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Bhima III Vishnuvadhana VII|uk|Чалук'я Бхіма III|lt=Vishnuvardhana VII}}<ref>Alternatively known as ''Bhima III''.</ref>||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of {{ill|Vijayaditya IV|uk|Віджаядітья IV|lt=Vijayaditya IV}}</small>
|align=center|935–947||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|947||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Bhadradeva (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Bhadradeva Baddega II]]||
| rowspan="2" align="center" |?<br><small>Sons of [[Arikesari II]]</small>
|align=center|941–946
|rowspan="2"|[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|946
|rowspan="2"| Children of Arikesari II, ruled jointly.
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Vagaraja]]||
|align=center|941–950||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|950
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Amma II Vijayaditya VI|uk|Амма II|lt=Vijayaditya VI}}<ref>Alternatively known as ''Amma II''.</ref>||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of [[Bhima II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima II]]</small>
|align=center|947–970||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>At least one child
|align=center|970||
|- style="background:#dce
|[[Arikesari III]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Bhadradeva (Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty)|Bhadradeva Baddega II]]</small>
|align=center|950–968||[[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]||?
|align=center|968||
|- style="background:#dce
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Annexed to the [[Western Chalukya Empire]]''
|- style="background:#def
|[[Danarnava]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of [[Bhima II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima II]]</small>
|align=center|970–973|| rowspan="2" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>At least one child
|align=center|973||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Jata Choda Bhima|uk|Джата Чода Бхіма|lt=Jata Choda Bhima}}||
|align=center|?
|align=center|973–999||?
|align=center|999|| Non-dynastic usurper.
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Tailapa II|Tailapa II Ahvamalla]]<ref>Numbered after his non-ruling great-great-grandfather Tailapa I.</ref>||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 913 (c.991 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Ahvamalla Tailapa II.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of Vikramaditya (IV) Chalukya</small>
|align=center|973–997|| rowspan="2" |[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|997|| Grandson in fifth generation of a brother of [[Vikramaditya II]] of [[Badami]]. While Vengi was being taken by an usurper on the demise of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]], Tailapa proclaimed independence from the latter and built a new empire of his own, that saw the re-emergence of the Chalukya dynasty's power.
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Satyashraya]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Tailapa II]]</small>
|align=center|997–1008||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1008||
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Shaktivarman, King of Vengi|uk|Шакті-варман I|lt=Shaktivarman}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of [[Danarnava]]</small>
|align=center|999–1011||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||?<br>At least one child
|align=center|1011||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Vikramaditya V]]<ref>Numbered after his great-grandfather Vikramaditya IV and an unknown or non-existent Vikramaditya III. The numbering follows Vikramaditya II of Badami.</ref>||
|align=center|?<br><small>First son of Prince Dasavarman and Princess Bhagyavati</small>
|align=center|1008–1015||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||?
|align=center|1015|| Paternal nephew of Satyashraya.
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Vimaladitya|uk|Вімаладітья|lt=Vimaladitya}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of [[Danarnava]]</small>
|align=center|1011–1018||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||Kundavai of the [[Chola Empire]]<br>one child<br><br>?<br>one child
|align=center|1018||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]]<ref>Numbered after Jayasimha I of Badami. Also known as ''Jagadhekamalla I''.</ref>||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 957 (c.1035 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jayasimha II.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Second son of Prince Dasavarman and Princess Bhagyavati</small>
|align=center|1015–1043||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Suggaladevi<br>at least one child
|align=center|1043||
|- style="background:#def
|[[Rajaraja Narendra]]||[[File:King Rajaraja Narendra founder of rajahmundry city.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of {{ill|Vimaladitya|uk|Вімаладітья|lt=Vimaladitya}} and Kundavai of the [[Chola Empire]]</small>
|align=center|1018–1031<br><br>1035–1061|| rowspan="2" |[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||Amangaidevi of the [[Chola Empire]]<br>one child
|align=center|1061||Rajaraja had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the [[Western Chalukyas]]. His own son managed to succeed in the [[Chola Empire]], in 1070, as [[Kulottunga I]], beginning the [[Later Cholas]] period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom.
|- style="background:#def
|{{ill|Vijayaditya VII|bg|Віджаядітья VII|lt=Vijayaditya VII}}||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of {{ill|Vimaladitya|uk|Вімаладітья|lt=Vimaladitya}}</small>
|align=center|1031–1035<br><br>1061–1075||?
|align=center|1075||Half-brother of Rajaraja, had support from [[Western Chalukya]]. After his death Vengi was incorporated in the [[Chola Empire]].
|- style="background:#def
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Annexed to the [[Chola Empire]] (1061-1118); Annexed to the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] (since 1118)''
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Someshvara I|Someshvara I Trilokyamalla]]||[[File:Western Chalukyas of Kalyana King Somesvara I Trailokyamalla 1043-1068.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]] and Suggaladevi</small>
|align=center|1043–1068|| rowspan="8" |[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||?<br>two children
|align=center|1068||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Someshvara II|Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 990 (c.1068 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Bhuvanaikamalla Someshvara II.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |?<br><small>Sons of [[Someshvara I]]</small>
|align=center|1068–1076||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1076||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Vikramaditya VI|Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1108 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|1076–1126||Chandaladevi<br>Kethaladevi<br>Savaladevi<br><br>at least one child
|align=center|1126||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Someshvara III]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (1129 AD) at Kedareshvara temple in Balligavi.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Vikramaditya VI]]</small>
|align=center|1126–1138||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1138||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Jagadhekamalla II]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Someshvara III]]</small>
|align=center|1138–1151||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1151||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Tailapa III]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Jagadhekamalla II]]</small>
|align=center|1151–1164||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1164||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Jagadhekamalla III]]||
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Tailapa III]]</small>
|align=center|1164–1183||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1183||
|- style="background:#ceb
|[[Someshvara IV]]||[[File:Chalukyas of Kalyana (Western Chalukyas) Possibly King Somesvara IV Chalukya. 1181-4 1189.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|?<br><small>Son of [[Jagadhekamalla III]]</small>
|align=center|1183–1200||?<br>at least one child
|align=center|1200||
|- style="background:#ceb
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Annexed to the [[Seuna]], [[Hoysala]] and the [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya dynasties]]''
|-
|}
 
== Middle Kingdoms (c. 250s BCE – 550s CE) ==
{{main|Middle kingdoms of India}}
 
=== Satavahana dynasty (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE) ===
{{see also|Satavahana dynasty}}
[[List of Satavahana emperors]]
 
=== Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE) ===
{{main|Mahameghavahana dynasty}}
* Maharaja Vasu
* Maharaja Mahamegha Vahana
* Sobhanaraja
* Chandraja
* Ksemaraja
* Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
* [[Kharavela]] (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)<ref>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Cheti%20Dynasty&pg=PA348|access-date=25 October 2012|page=348|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fETebHcHKogC&q=Mahishaka%20%20Guntupalli%20inscription&pg=PA31|author=R. T. Vyas|author2=Umakant Premanand Shah|isbn=9788170173168|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
* [[Kudepasiri]] Vakradeva ll
* Vaduka
* Galaveya
* Mana-Sada
* Siri-Sada
* Maha-Sada
* Sivamaka-Sada
* Asaka-Sada


* [[King Kuru|Kuru II]], (King of [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru dynasty]] after whom the dynasty was named ''Kuruvāmshā'' and the kingdom was renamed from [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru dynasty]] to [[Kuru Kingdom]]. He had three sons, namely Vidhuratha I who became the ruler of [[Pratisthana]], [[Vyushitaswa]] who died at a very young age, and Sudhanva, who became the ruler of [[Magadha]]. So Vidhuratha I became the king of [[Hastinapura]].)
===Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)===
* Vidhuratha I
[[List of Manipuri kings]]
* Jahnu
* Parikshit II
* Janamejaya II
* Bheemasena
* Prathishravas
* [[Pratipa]]
* [[Shantanu]], ([[Bhishma]] was the youngest son of [[Shantanu]] and [[Ganga]]. [[Chitrāngada]] and [[Vichitravirya]] were the sons of Shantanu and [[Satyavati]].)
* [[Vichitravirya]], ([[Dhritarashtra]], [[Pandu]] and [[Vidura]] were the sons of Vichitravirya)
* [[Pandu]]
* [[Dhritarashtra]], (The [[Pandava]] were the five sons of [[Pandu]] and [[Kunti]] whereas the [[Kaurava]] were the hundred sons of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]].)
* [[Yudhishthira]], (Yaudheya was the son of [[Yudhishthira]] and Devika. [[Ghatotkacha]] was the son of [[Bhima]] and [[Hidimbi]], [[Abhimanyu]] was the son of [[Arjuna]] and [[Subhadra]]. Babruvahana was the son of Arjuna and [[Chitrāngadā]]. Iravan was the son of Arjuna and Ulupi. [[Niramitra]] was the son of [[Nakula]] and Karenumati. [[Suhotra]] was the son of [[Sahadeva]] and Queen Vijaya. [[Upapandava]] were the 5 sons of Pandava and [[Draupadi]])
* [[Parikshit]], (was the son of [[Abhimanyu]].)
* [[Janamejaya]]
* Satanika
* Ashwamedhatta
* Dwiteeyram
* Chatramal
* Chitrarath
* Dushtshailya
* Ugrasena
* Shoorsen
* Bhuvanpati
* Ranjeet
* Rikchak
* Sukdeva
* Narharidev
* Suchirath
* Shoorsen II
* Parvatsen
* Mehavi
* Soncheer
* Bheemdev
* Nriharidev
* Pooranmal
* Kardavi
* Alammik
* Udaipal
* Duvanmal
* Damat
* Bheempal
* Kshemaka, (He was the last [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] King dethroned by [[Mahapadma Nanda]] of [[Nanda Empire]] in 345 BCE.)<ref>{{cite book |editor=B. Kölver |year=1997 |title=Recht, Staat und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien |trans-title=Law, State and Administration in Classical India |language=de |place=München |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |pages=27–52}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Samuel |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Samuel |year=2010 |title=The Origins of Yoga and Tantra |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>


== Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE) ==
===Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)===
{{main|Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata)}}
The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:
* [[Amoghabhuti]] (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)


Ajamida II had a son named Rishin. Rishin had two sons namely Samvarana II, whose son was [[King Kuru|Kuru]] and Brihadvasu whose descendants were Panchalas.<ref name=Malik>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Dr Malti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |title=History of India |date=2016 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-7335-498-4 |pages=51–54 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Kisari Mohan Ganguli, ''The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose'', 1883-1896, Bk. 1, Ch. 3.</ref><ref>Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 85</ref>
=== Indo-Greek Kingdom (''Yavanarajya'') (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE) ===
[[Indo-Greek Kingdom|List of Indo-Greek Kings]]


;List of Panchala Kingdom rulers are-
=== Indo-Scythian (''Saka'') ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE) ===
[[List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers]]


* Rishin
=== Kushan dynasty (c. 1 – 375 CE) ===
* Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
[[Kushan Empire#Rulers|List of Kushan emperors]]
* Brihatkaya
 
* Puranjaya
=== Indo-Parthian (''Pahalava'') (c. 21 – 100 CE) ===
* Riksha
[[Indo-Parthian Kingdom#Main Indo-Parthian rulers|List of Indo-Parthian kings]]
* Bramhyaswa
 
* Aramyaswa
=== Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE) ===
* Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of [[Kampilya]] capital of [[Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Panchala Kingdom]])
[[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom#Main Kushano-Sassanid rulers|List of Indo-Sasanian kings]]
* Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
 
* Dritimana
=== Alchon Huns (''Huna'') (c. 400 – 670 CE) ===
* Drdhanemi
[[Alchon Huns#Rulers|List of Alchon Hun Kings]]
* Sarvasena, (founder of [[Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata)|Ujjain Kingdom]])
 
* Mitra
=== Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE) ===
* Rukmaratha
[[Chutu dynasty#List of rulers|Kings of Banavasi]]
* Suparswa
 
* Sumathi
===Khokhra (Nagvanshi) chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)===
* Sannatimana
[[Khokhra chieftaincy#Rulers|List of Nagvanshi chiefs]]
* Krta
 
* Pijavana
=== Naga Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE) ===
* Somadutta
[[Nagas of Padmavati#Chronology|Kings of Padmavati]]
* Jantuvahana
 
* Badhrayaswa
=== Chandra dynasty of Samatata (c. 202–1050 CE) ===
* Brihadhishu
[[Chandra dynasty#History|Rulers of Samatata]]
* Brihadhanu
 
* Brihadkarma
=== Kingdom of Abhira (c. 203–370 CE) ===
* Jayaratha
{{main|Abhira dynasty}}
* Visvajit
* Abhira Sivadatta
* Seinyajit
* Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
* Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
* [[Ishwarsena|Abhira Ishwarsena]] alias ''Mahaksatrapa'' Isvaradatta
* Samara
* Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena
* Sadashva
 
* Ruchiraswa
=== Principality of Khoh (c. 221–1028 CE) ===
* Pruthusena
[[Khoh#List of rulers|Prince of Khoh]]
* Prapti
 
* Prthaswa
=== Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE) ===
* Sukrthi
{{main|Gupta Empire|Later Gupta dynasty}}
* Vibhiraja
[[List of Gupta emperors]]
* Anuha
[[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Gupta rulers]]
* Bramhadatta II
 
* Vishwaksena
=== Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE) ===
* Dandasena
[[Vakataka dynasty#Family tree|Vakataka family tree]]
* Durmukha
 
* Durbuddhi
=== Aulikara Kingdom of Malwa (c. 300 – 550 CE) ===
* Dharbhya
[[Aulikaras#List of rulers|List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)]]
* Divodasa
 
* Sivana I
===Kingdom of Kamarupa (c. 350–650 CE)===
* Mitrayu
[[Kamarupa Kingdom#Political History|Kings of Kamarupa]]
* Maitrayana
 
* Soma
=== Western Ganga of Talakad (c. 350–1424 CE) ===
* Sivana II
[[Western Ganga dynasty#History|Rulers of Talakad]]
* Sadasana
 
* Sahadeva
=== Eastern Ganga of Kalinga (c. 493-1947 CE) ===
* Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
[[Eastern Ganga dynasty#List of rulers|Eastern Ganga of Kalinga]]
* [[Prishati]], (son of Somaka)  
 
* [[Drupada]], (son of Prishata)
==== Other minor Ganga states ====
* [[Dhrishtadyumna]], (was the son of Drupada, [[Draupadi]] and [[Shikhandi]] were the daughters of Drupada)
===== Principality of Gudari Kataka =====
* [[Keśin Dālbhya]]
{{Main|Gudari, Rayagada}}
* [[Pravahana Jaivali]]
 
* [[Achyuta of Panchala|Achyuta]], (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in  c. 350 CE by [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] ruler [[Samudragupta]].)
According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, ''Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu'' founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at [[Gudari, Rayagada|Gudari]] in modern [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]] district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/119409/15/15_chapter%206.pdf|title=The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
* Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
* Svarna Bhanu
* Kalasandha Deva
* Chudanga Deva
* Harimani Deva
* Narasimha Deva
* Ananta Deva
* Padmanabha Deva
* Pitambara Deva
* Vasudeva
* Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
 
===== Principality of Chikiti (c. 881–1950 CE) =====
[[Chikiti#List of rulers|Prince of Chikiti]]
 
===== Parlakhemundi Estate#Rulers (c. 1309–1950) =====
[[Parlakhemundi Estate#Rulers|Zamindars of Parlakhemundi]]
 
=== Traikutaka dynasty of Aparanta (c. 370–520 CE) ===
[[Traikutaka dynasty#Traikutaka rulers|Rulers of Aparanta]]
 
=== Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE) ===
[[Maitraka dynasty#List of rulers|Kings of Vallabhi]]
 
===Rai Kingdom of Sindh (c. 489–632 CE)===
[[Rai dynasty#Rulers|Kings of Sindh (Rai)]]
 
=== Kabul Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE) ===
In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both were [[Hindu]] dynasties):
* [[Turk Shahi]] (c. 500–850 CE)
* [[Hindu Shahi]] (c. 850–1026 CE)
 
=== Pushyabhuti/Vardhan dynasty (c. 500 – 647 CE) ===
[[Pushyabhuti dynasty#List of rulers|List of Vardhan kings]]


== Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE) ==
=== Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE) ===
{{main|Anga}}
[[Jaintia Kingdom#Rulers|Rulers of Jantia]]


;Known Anga rulers are-
== Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE) ==


* Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]])
=== Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE) ===
* [[King Romapada|Romapada]]
{{Main|Gauda Kingdom}}
* [[Brihadratha]]
* [[Shashanka]] (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of [[Bengal]], created the first unified political entity in [[Bengal]]
* [[Karna|Angaraj Karna]]
* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by [[Harshavardhana]] and [[Bhaskarvarman]]
* [[Vrishaketu]] - (son of Karna)
* Tamralipta
* Lomapada
* Chitraratha
* Vrihadratha
* Vasuhoma
* Dhatarattha
* Dhadivahana
* [[Brahmadatta of Anga|Brahmadatta]] - (last king of Anga kingdom)


== Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE) ==
=== Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE) ===
{{main|Kambojas}}
{{main|Pala Empire}}
{{List of Pala rulers}}


;Known Kamboja rulers are-
=== Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE) ===
* [[Kamatha]]
* [[Chandravarma Kamboja]]
* [[Kamatha Kamboja]]
* [[Prapaksha Kamboja]]
* [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]
* [[Srindra Varmana Kamboj]]
* [[Chitrangada Kamboja]]
* [[Chandranandan Kamboja]]


== Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1650 CE) ==
==== Kingdom of Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE) ====
{{main|Pandya dynasty}}
[[Kalachuris of Mahishmati|Kings of Malwa (Kalachuri)]]


===Early Pandyans===
==== Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (''Later Kalachuris'') (c. 675 – 1212 CE) ====
{{main|Early Pandyan Kingdom}}
{{main|Kalachuris of Tripuri}}
 
;Rulers-
* [[Koon Pandiyan]]
* Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
''(Earliest Known Pandyan king)''
* Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
* [[Nedunjeliyan I|Nedunj Cheliyan I]]
* Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
''(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)''
* Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the '''[[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Ratnapura Kalachuri branch]]'''
(he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi (Tamil mythology)|Kannagi]])
* Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
* Pudappandiyan
* Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
* Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
* Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
* [[Nedunjeliyan II|Nedunj Cheliyan II]]
* Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
''(Pasumpun Pandiyan)''
* [[Shankaragana III]] (970–980 CE)
* Nan Maran
* [[Yuvarajadeva II|Yuvaraja-deva II]] (980–990 CE)
* Nedunj Cheliyan III
* [[Kokalla II]] (990–1015 CE)
''(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)''
* [[Gangeyadeva|Gangeya-deva]] (1015–1041 CE)
* Maran Valudi
* [[Lakshmikarna|Lakshmi-karna]] (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
* Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
* [[Yashahkarna|Yashah-karna]] (1073–1123 CE)
* Ukkirap Peruvaluthi
* [[Gayakarna|Gaya-karna]] (1123–1153 CE)
* [[Narasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Nara-simha]] (1153–1163 CE)
* [[Jayasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Jaya-simha]] (1163–1188 CE)
* [[Vijayasimha|Vijaya-simha]] (1188–1210 CE)
* [[Trailokyamalla (Kalachuri dynasty)|Trailokya-malla]] (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler<ref>{{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |title=Bhavabhuti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLGgZOzTYzsC&pg=PA376 |date=1974 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1180-5}}</ref>


===Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)===
==== Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE) ====
 
{{main|Kalachuris of Ratnapura}}
* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)
The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:<ref>{{cite book |author=P. C. Roy |chapter=The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura |title=The Coinage of Northern India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2Et2zZGJPUC&pg=PA18 |year=1980 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-122-5}}</ref>
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (c. 620–645 CE)
* Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Jayantavarman]] (c. 645–670 CE)
* Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (c. 670–710 CE)
* Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710–735 CE)
* Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765)
* Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
* [[Ratnadeva II|Ratna-Deva II]] (1120–1135 CE)
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
* [[Prithvi-deva II]] (1135–1165 CE)
* Varagunan I (800–830)
* Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862)  
* Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880)
* Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
* Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920)
* Parmardi Dev (governor of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]])


===Pandyans under ''Chola empire'' (c. 920–1216 CE)===
==== Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (''Southern Kalachuris'') (c. 1130 – 1184 CE) ====
{{main|Kalachuris of Kalyani}}
;Rulers-
* [[Bijjala II]] (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from [[Western Chalukya Empire|Kalyani Chalukyas]] in 1162 CE
* Sovideva (1168–1176)
* Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama
* Sankama (1176–1180)
* Ahavamalla (1180–83)
* Singhana (1183–84), last ruler


*Sundara Pandyan I
=== Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE) ===
*Vira Pandyan I
{{main|Patola Shahis}}
*Vira Pandyan II
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
*Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
*Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
*Jatavarman Chola Pandya
*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162)
*Kulasekara Pandyan III
*Vira Pandyan III
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216)


===''Pandalam'' (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)===
;Regin of known rulers is disputed-<ref>{{cite web |last1=von Hinüber |first1=Oskar |title=Bronzes of the Ancient Buddhist Kingdom of Gilgit |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/metmedia/video/collections/asian/bronzes-of-ancient-gilgit |website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/76445 |website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref>
* Somana (Mid 6th century CE)
* Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE)
* Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE)
* Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE)
* Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE)
* Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE)
* Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE)
* ''Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni'' (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)
* Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler


*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215)  
=== Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE) ===
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238)
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240)
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251)
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268)
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308)
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)


===Tenkasi Pandyans (c. 1422–1650 CE)===
==== Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE) ====
{{main|Pratiharas of Mandavyapura}}


During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] because of the Islamic and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] invasion, and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.
[[R. C. Majumdar]], on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers ([[IAST]] names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
 
* Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan
* Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
(1422–1463)
* Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan
* Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
(1429–1473)
* Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] (1473–1506)
* Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
* Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
* Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan
* Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
(1534–1543)
* Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan
* Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
(1543–1552)
* Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
* Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
* Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan
* Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler
(1564–1604)
* Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
* Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
* Kollankondan (1618–1650)


==Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE)==
==== Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE) ====
{{Main|Chera dynasty}}
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}


===Ancient Chera (c. 600 BCE–400 CE)===
;List of rulers–
 
{| class="wikitable"
*Vanavan or Vanavaramban (425–350 BCE)
|+List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers
*Kuttuvan Uthiyan Cheralathan (350–328 BCE)
! Serial No.
*Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan (328–270 BCE)
! Ruler
*Palyaanai Chelkezhu Kuttuvan (270–245 BCE)
! Reign (CE)
*Kalangaikanni narmudicheral (245–220 BCE)
|-
*Perumcheralathan (220–200 BCE)
|1
*Kudakko Neduncheralathan (200–180 BCE)
|[[Nagabhata I]]
*Kadal Pirakottiya Velkezhu kuttuvan (180–125 BCE)
|730–760
*Adukotpattuch Cheralathan (125–87 BCE)
|-
*Selvak kadungo Vazhiyathan (87–62 BCE)
|2
*Yanaikatchei Mantharanj Cheral Irumborai (62–42 BCE)
|[[Kakustha (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Kakustha]] and [[Devaraja (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Devaraja]]
*Thagadoor Erintha Perum Cheral Irumborai (42–25 BCE), (unification of Upper and lower [[Kongu Nadu]]).
|760–780
*Ilancheral Irumborai (25–19 BCE)
|-
*Karuvur Eriya Koperumcheral Irumborai (19–1 BCE)
|3
*Vanji Mutrathu tunjiya Anthuvancheral (1 BCE–10 CE)
|[[Vatsaraja]]
*Kanaikal Irumborai (20–30 CE)
|780–800
*Palai Padiya Perum kadngko (1–30 CE)
|-
*Kokothai Marban (30–61 CE)
|4
*Cheran Chenguttuvan (61–140 CE)
|[[Nagabhata II]]
*Kottambalathu tunjiya Maakothai (140–150 CE)
|800–833
*Cheraman mudangi kidantha Nedumcheralathan (150–160 CE)
|-
*Cheraman Kanaikkal Irumborai (160–180 CE)
|5
*Cheraman Ilamkuttuvan (180–200 CE)
|[[Ramabhadra]]
*Thambi Kuttuvan (200–220 CE)
|833–836
*Poorikko (220–250 CE)
|-
*Cheraman Kuttuvan Kothai (250–270 CE)
|6
*Cheraman Vanjan (270–300 CE)
|[[Mihira Bhoja]] or Bhoja I
*Mantharanj Cheral (330–380 CE), found in [[Allahabad Pillar]] of [[Samudragupta]].
|836–885
 
|-
===Kongu Cheras (''Karur'') (c. 400–844 CE)===
|7
{{Main|Karur}}
|[[Mahendrapala I]]
* Ravi Kotha
|885–910
* Kantan Ravi
|-
* Vira Kotha
|8
* Vira Narayana
|[[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]]
* Vira Chola
|910–913
* Vira Kerala
|-
* Amara Bhujanga Deva
|9
* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva
|[[Mahipala I]]
 
|913–944
===Kodungallur Cheras (c. 844–1122 CE)===
|-
(''The Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas'')
|10
 
|[[Mahendrapala II]]
* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)
|944–948
** [[Kulasekhara Alvar]]/Kulasekhara Varma
|-
*[[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Rama Rajasekhara]] (870–883 CE)
|11
** [[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]]
|Devapala
*Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
|948–954
* Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
|-
*[[Goda Ravi|Kotha Ravi]] (905–943 CE)
|12
* Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
|Vinayakapala
* Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
|954–955
* Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
|-
* Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
|13
* Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
|Mahipala II
* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
|955–956
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)
|-
 
|14
===Venadu Cheras (''Kulasekhara'') (c. 1090–1530 CE)===
|Vijayapala II
{{Main|Kulasekhara}}
|956–960
 
|-
*[[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1090–1102)
|15
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
|Rajapala
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
|960–1018
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
|-
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
|16
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
|Trilochanapala
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
|1018–1027
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
|-
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
|17
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
|[[Yasahpala (king)|Yasahpala]]
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
|1024–1036
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
|-
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
|}
* Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503)
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)


==Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1280 CE)==
====Other Pratihara Branches====
{{Main|Chola dynasty}}


===Ancient Cholas (c. 600 BCE - 300 CE)===
;Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)
Known Baddoch rulers are-
* [[Dhaddha]] 1 (600–627)
* Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
* [[Jaibhatta]] (655–700)


*Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
;Rajogarh Branch
*Maandhuvaazhi
Badegujar were rulers of [[Rajogarh]]
*El Mei Nannan
* [[Parmeshver Manthandev]], (885–915)
*Keezhai Kinjuvan
* No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev
*Vazhisai Nannan
*Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
*Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
*Thizhagan Maandhi
*Maandhi Vaelan
*Aai Adumban
* [[Ilamcetcenni]]
* [[Karikala Chola]]
* [[Nedunkilli]]
* [[Nalankilli]]
* [[Killivalavan]]
* [[Perunarkilli]]
* [[Kocengannan]]


===Imperial Cholas Empire (c. 848–1280 CE)===
=== Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE) ===


* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] (848–881)
;The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–
* [[Aditya]] (871–907)
* [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] (Chauhans of Ajmer) (c. 551 – 1194 CE)
* [[Parantaka I]] (907–955)
* [[Chahamanas of Naddula]] (Chauhans of Nadol) (c. 950 – 1197 CE)
* [[Gandaraditya]] (950–957)
* [[Chahamanas of Jalor]] (c. 1160 – 1311 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
* [[Arinjaya]] (956–957)
* [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura]] (c. 1192 – 1301 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
* [[Parantaka Chola II]] (957–970)
* [[Sirohi State|Chahamanas of Chandravati and Abu]] ([[Sirohi State|Kingdom of Sirohi]]) (c. 1311 – 1949 CE)
* [[Uttama Chola]] (973–985)
* Chahamanas of Lata
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014)
* Chahamanas of Dholpur
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1014–1018)
* Chahamanas of Partabgarh
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola I]] (1018–1054)
* [[Hada Chauhan|Hada Chauhan kingdoms]] of [[Hadoti|Hadoti region]] are–
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] (1054–1063)
** [[Bundi State|Kingdom of Bundi]] (c. 1342 – 1949 CE)
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–1070)
** [[Kota State|Kingdom of Kota]] (c. 1579 – 1948 CE)
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] (1067–1070)
** [[Jhalawar State|Kingdom of Jhalawar]] (c. 1838 – 1949 CE), branched off from the [[Kota State|Kingdom of Kota]] in 1838 CE.
*[[Kulottunga Chola I]] (1071–1122)
* [[Vikkrama Chola]] (1118–1135)
* [[Kulottunga Chola II]] (1133–1150)
* [[Rajaraja Chola II]] (1146–1163)
* [[Rajadiraja Chola II]] (1163–1178)
* [[Kulottunga Chola III]] (1178–1218)
* [[Rajaraja Chola III]] (1216–1246)
* [[Rajendra Chola III]] (1246–1279), last of the Cholas)


==Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543–437 BCE)==
==== Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE) ====
{{Main|Kingdom of Tambapanni}}
{{main|Chahamanas of Shakambhari}}


===House of Vijaya===
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of [[Sambhar Lake Town|Shakambhari]], [[Ajmer]] and [[Delhi]] with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |year=1964 |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=Nand Kishore & Sons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 |pages=51–70}}</ref>
{{Main|House of Vijaya}}


{|style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! width=9%  | Portrait
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:5%;"|Serial no.
! width=20% | Name
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"| Regnal names
! width=9%  | Birth
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"| Reign (CE)
! width=9% | Death
! width=9%  | King From
! width=9%  | King Until
! width=9%  | Marriages
! width=26% | Claim
|-
|-
|[[File:The Consecration Of King Sinhala-Prince Vijaya (Detail From The Ajanta Mural Of Cave No 17).jpg|100px|Vijaya]]
|1
||'''[[Prince Vijaya|Vijaya]]'''
|[[Chauhan Dynasty|Chahamana]]
||?<br />[[Sinhapura]]<br />son of [[Sinhabahu]], and [[Sinhasivali]]
|(mythical)
||505 BC<br />[[Tambapanni]]
||543 BC
||505 BC
||[[Kuveni]]<br />two children [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandu Princess]]
||Founded [[Sinhala Kingdom|Kingdom]]<br />Marriage to [[Kuveni]]
|-
|-
|||''[[Upatissa (regent)|Upatissa]]''<br /><small>''(regent)''</small>
|2
||-
|[[Vasudeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Vasu-deva]]
||-
|c. 551 CE (disputed)
||505 BC
|-
||504 BC
|3
||
|[[Samantaraja|Samanta-raja]]
||Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
|684–709
|-
|4
|[[Naradeva|Nara-deva]]
|709–721
|-
|5
|[[Ajayaraja I|Ajaya-raja I]]
|721–734
|-
|6
|[[Vigraharaja I|Vigraha-raja I]]
|734–759
|-
|-
|||'''[[Panduvasdeva of Tambapanni|Panduvasdeva]]'''
|7
||-
|[[Chandraraja I|Chandra-raja I]]
||-
|759–771
||504 BC
||474 BC
||
||Nephew of Vijaya
|-
|-
|||'''[[Abhaya of Tambapanni|Abhaya]]'''
|8
||-
|[[Gopendraraja|Gopendra-raja]]
||-
|771–784
||474 BC
||454 BC
||
||Son of Panduvasdeva
|-
|-
|||''[[Prince Tissa|Tissa]]''<br /><small>''(regent)''</small>
|9
||-
|[[Durlabharaja I|Durlabha-raja I]]
||-
|784–809
||454 BC
|-
||437 BC
|10
||
|[[Govindaraja I|Govinda-raja I]] alias ''Guvaka I''
||Younger brother of Abhaya
|809–836
|}
|-
 
|11
==Satavahana dynasty (c. 230 BCE–220 CE) ==
|[[Chandraraja II|Chandra-raja II]]
{{main|Satavahana dynasty}}
|836–863
 
|-
The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 230 BCE to 220 CE.<ref name="US_2008">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA381 |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India |author=Upinder Singh |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=9788131711200 |pages=381–384 }}</ref> Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.<ref name="CH_2009">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA299 |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations |author=Charles Higham |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9781438109961 |page=299 }}</ref> It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see [[Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers]]):
|12
 
|[[Govindaraja II]] alias ''Guvaka II''
* [[Simuka|Simuka Satavahana]] (c. 230–207 BCE)
|863–890
* [[Kanha (Satavahana dynasty)|Kanha Satavahana]] (c. 207–189 BCE)
|-
* [[Satakarni I|Malia Satakarni]] (c. 189–179 BCE)
|13
* Purnothsanga (c. 179–161 BCE)
|[[Chandanaraja|Chandana-raja]]
* Shathakarni (c. 179–133 BCE)
|890–917
* Lambodara Satavahana (c. 87–67 BCE)
|-
* [[Hāla]] (c. 20–24 CE)
|14
* Mandalaka (c. 24–30 CE)
|[[Vakpatiraja I|Vakpati-raja]]
* Purindrasena (c. 30–35 CE)
|917–944
* Sundara Satakarni (c. 35–36 CE)
|-
* Cakora Satakarni (c. 36 CE)
|15
* Mahendra Satkarni (c. 36–65 CE)
|[[Simharaja|Simha-raja]]
* [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] (c. 106–130 CE)
|944–971
* [[Vashishtiputra Pulumayi]] (c. 130–158 CE)
|-
* [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]] (c. 158–170 CE)
|16
* [[Sri Yajna Satakarni]] (c. 170–220 CE)
|[[Vigraharaja II|Vigraha-raja II]]
 
|971–998
==Mahameghavahana dynasty (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)==
|-
{{Main|Mahameghavahana dynasty}}
|17
 
|[[Durlabharaja II|Durlabha-raja II]]
Mahamegha Vahana was the founder of the Kalingan [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi or Cheti Dynasty]].<ref name=gene>{{cite book|last=Reddy|year=2005|title=General Studies History 4 Upsc|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&q=Kharavela%20and%20Mahameghavahana&pg=SL1-PA55|access-date=25 October 2012|page=A-55|isbn=9780070604476}}</ref><ref name=mani>{{cite book|last=Mani|first=Chandra Mauli|title=A Journey Through India's Past|year=2005|publisher=Northern Book Centre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSoE8qR-5BgC&q=Chedi%20dynasty&pg=PA51|access-date=25 October 2012|page=51|isbn=9788172111946}}</ref> The names of Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja also appear in context.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985|title=Ancient India, History of Ancient India for 1000 years in four volumes. [From 900 B.C. to 100 A.D.]. Volume IV.|publisher=Shashikant & Co.|year=1941|location=Baroda|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985/page/n149 103]}}</ref> But, [[Kharavela]] is the most well known among them. The exact relation between Mahamegha Vahana and Kharavela is not known.<ref name="gene"/>
|998–1012
 
|-
*Maharaja Vasu
|18
*King Mahamegha Vahana
|[[Govindaraja III|Govinda-raja III]]
*Sobhanaraja
|1012–1026
*Chandraja
|-
*Ksemaraja
|19
*Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
|[[Vakpatiraja II|Vakpati-raja II]]
*[[Kharavela]] (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)
|1026–1040
*[[Kudepasiri]] Vakradeva ll
|-
*Vaduka
|20
*Galaveya
|[[Viryarama]]
* Mana-Sada
|1040 (few months)
* Siri-Sada
|-
* Maha-Sada
|21
* Sivamaka-Sada
|[[Chamundaraja (Chahamana dynasty)|Chamunda-raja]]
* Asaka-Sada<ref>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Cheti%20Dynasty&pg=PA348|access-date=25 October 2012|page=348|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref><ref name=jaina>{{cite book|title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fETebHcHKogC&q=Mahishaka%20%20Guntupalli%20inscription&pg=PA31|author=R. T. Vyas|author2=Umakant Premanand Shah|isbn=9788170173168|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
|1040–1065
 
|-
==Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200 BCE –1950 CE)==
|22
{{Main|History of Manipur|List of Manipuri kings}}
|[[Durlabharaja III|Durlabha-raja III]] alias ''Duśala''
 
|1065–1070
The Meitei people are made up of seven major clans, known as '''Salai Taret'''
|-
The clans include–
|23
#[[Mangang]]
|[[Vigraharaja III|Vigraha-raja III]] alias ''Visala''
#[[Khuman Salai]]
|1070–1090
#[[Luwang]]
|-
#[[Angom]]
|24
#[[Moilang]]
|[[Prithviraja I|Prithvi-raja I]]
#[[Khaba Nganba]]
|1090–1110
#[[Salai Leishangthem]]
|-
 
|25
===Ancient dynasty of Kangleipak (c. 200 BCE −33 CE)===
|[[Ajayaraja II|Ajaya-raja II]]
 
|1110–1135
====Khapa-Nganpa Salai====
|-
 
|26
*Taang-chaa Leela Pakhangpa (200 BCE)
|[[Arnoraja|Arno-raja]] alias ''Ana''
*Kangba
|1135–1150
*Maliya Fampalcha (150 BCE)
|-
*Kaksu Tonkonpa
|27
*Koilou Nongtailen Pakhangpa
|[[Jagaddeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Jagad-deva]]
*Samlungpha (44–34 BCE)
|1150
*Chingkhong Poireiton (34–18 BCE )
|-
*Singtabung (18–8 BCE)
|28
*Paangminnaba (8–1 BCE)
|[[Vigraharaja IV|Vigraha-raja IV]] alias ''Visaladeva''
 
|1150–1164
====Luwang Salai====
|-
 
|29
*Luwang Khunthipa (1–5 CE)
|[[Aparagangeya|Apara-gangeya]]
*Luwang Punshipa (5–33 CE)
|1164–1165
 
|-
===Ningthouja or Mangang dynasty (c. 33–1074 CE)===
|30
{{Main|Ningthouja dynasty}}
|[[Prithviraja II|Prithvi-raja II]]
 
|1165–1169
*Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa (33–154 CE)
|-
*Khuiyoi Tompok (154–264 CE)
|31
*Taothingmang (264–364 CE)
|[[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]]
*Khui Ningonba (364–379 CE)
|1169–1178
*Pengsipa (379–394 CE)
|-
*Kaokhangpa (394–411 CE)
|32
*Naokhampa (411–428 CE)
|[[Prithviraja III]] '''''Rai Pithora'''''
*Naophangpa (428–518 CE)
|1177–1192
*Sameilang (518–568 CE)
|-
*Urakonthoupa (568–658 CE)
|33
*Naothingkhon (663–763 CE)
|[[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja IV]]
*Khongtekcha (763–773 CE)
|1192–1193
*Keilencha (784–799 CE)
|-
*Yalaba (799–821 CE)
|34
*Ayangpa (821–910 CE)
|[[Hariraja|Hari-raja]]
*Ningthoucheng (910–949 CE)
|1193–1194
*Chenglei-Ipan-Lanthapa (949–969 CE)
|-
*Keiphaba Yanglon (969–984 CE)
|}
*Irengba (984–1074 CE)
 
===Kangleipak dynasty (c. 1074–1819 CE)===
{{Main|Kangleipak State}}


# [[Loiyumba|Loiyumpa]] (1074–1112)
==== Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE) ====
# [[Loitongpa]] (1112–1150)
{{main|Chahamanas of Naddula}}
# [[Atom Yoilempa]] (1150–1163)
# [[Iyanthapa ]](1163–1195)
# [[Thayanthapa]] (1195–1231)
# [[Chingthang Lanthapa]] (1231–1242)
# [[Thingpai Shelhongpa]] (1242–1247)
# [[Pulanthapa]] (1247–1263)
# [[Khumompa]] (1263–1278)
# [[Moilampa]] (1278–1302)
# [[Thangpi Lanthapa]] (1302–1324)
# [[Kongyampa]] (1324–1335)
# [[Telheipa]] (1335–1355)
# [[Tonapa]] (1355–1359)
# [[Tapungpa]] (1359–1394)
# [[Lailenpa]] (1394–1399)
# [[Punsipa]] (1404–1432)
# [[Ningthoukhompa]] (1432–1467)
# [[Senpi Kiyampa]] (1467–1508)
# [[Koilempa]] (1508–1512)
# [[Lamkhyampa]] (1512–1523)
# [[Nonginphapa]] (1523–1524)
# [[Kapompa]] (1524–1542)
# [[Tangchampa]] (1542–1545)
# [[Chalampa]] (1545–1562)
# [[Mungyampa]] (1562–1597)
# [[Khagemba|Khaki Ngampa]](1597–1652)
# [[Khunchaopa]] (1652–1666)
# [[Paikhompa]] (1666–1697)
# [[Pitambar Charairongba|Charairongba]] (1697–1709)
# [[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)|Gharib Nawaz]] (Ningthem Pamheipa) (1709–1754), (adoption of the name '''Manipur''')
# [[Chitsai|Chit Sain]] (1754–1756)
# [[Gaurisiam]] (1756–1763)
# [[Ching-Thang Khomba]] (Bhagya Chandra) (1764–1798)
# [[Rohinchandra]] (Harshachandra Singh) (1798–1801)
# [[Maduchandra Singh]] (1801–1806)
# [[Charajit Singh]] (1806–1812)
# [[Marjit Singh]] (1812–1819)
''(Came to power with Burmese support)''.


===Burmese rule (c. 1819–1825 CE)===
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
 
===Princely State (c. 1825–1947 CE)===
 
* [[Gambhir Singh]] (1825–1834)
(''Restored after the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]]'')
*''Regency'' for Chandrakirti Singh (1834–1850)
* [[Nara Singh]] (1844–1850)
* [[Debendro Singh]] (1850)
* [[Chandrakirti Singh]] (1850–1886)
* [[Surchandra Singh]] (1886–1890)
* Kulachandra Singh (1890–1891)
* [[Churachand Singh]] (1891–1941)
* [[Bodhchandra Singh]] (1941–1947)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Biography_of_His_Highness_Maharaja_Bodhachandra_Last_King_of_Manipur_Part_1|title=Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 1|website=e-pao.net|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Biography_of_His_Highness_Maharaja_Bodhachandra_Last_King_of_Manipur_Part_2|title=Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 2|website=e-pao.net|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref>
 
==Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)==
{{main|Kuninda Kingdom}}
 
The Kingdom of Kuninda was an ancient central [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] kingdom documented from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, located in the southern areas of modern [[Himachal Pradesh]] and far western areas of [[Uttarakhand]] in [[North India]].
 
;The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:
* [[Amoghabhuti]] (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)
 
== Foreign Assimilated Kingdoms in Indian Subcontinent ==
{{see also|Middle kingdoms of India}}
 
These empires were vast, centered in [[Iran|Persia]] or the Mediterranean; their [[satrap]]ies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.
 
The sequence of there invasions are-
* The boundaries of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] after [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley|conquest of Indus valley]] reached North-West of the [[Indus River]] in 535 to 518 BCE.
* [[Alexander the Great]] (326–323 BCE) of the [[Argead dynasty]] who fought [[King Porus|Porus]] in the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]].
* [[Seleucus Nicator|Seleucus I Nicator]] (323–321 BCE), [[diadochi|diadochos]] was defeated by [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in [[Seleucid–Mauryan war]] 305 BCE.
* The [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] [[Euthydemus I|Euthydemid Dynasty]] under [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Demetrius I]] also reached the north-western frontiers of India in 200s BCE.
 
=== Indo-Greek Kingdom (''Yavanarajya'') (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE) ===
{{Main|Indo-Greek Kingdom}}
 
* [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Demetrius I]] (c. 200–190 BCE), founder of dynasty
* [[Euthydemus II]] ( c.  190–185 BCE)
* [[Pantaleon]] (c. 190–180 BCE)
* [[Demetrius II of India]]
* [[Antimachus I]] (c. 171–160 BCE)
* [[Antimachus II]] (c. 170–165 BCE)
* [[Menander I]] (c. 165/155–130 BCE)
*[[Agathokleia]] (c. 130–125)
* [[Strato I]] (c. 125–105 BCE)
*[[Demetrius III Aniketos]] (c. 105–100 BCE) 
*[[Amyntas Nikator]] (c. 100–90 BCE) 
*[[Menander II]] (c. 90–80 BCE)
*[[Demetrius IV]] (c.  80–30 BCE)
*[[Strato II]] (c. 30–10 BCE)
*[[Strato III]] (c. 10 CE), last ruler
 
===Indo-Scythian (''Saka'') ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)===
{{Main|Indo-Scythians}}
 
==== Aprācas rulers (c. 12 BCE − 45 CE )====
{{Main|Apracharajas}}
 
* [[Vijayamitra]] (c. 12 BCE − 15 CE)
* [[Indravasu]] (c. 15 – 20 CE)
* [[Vispavarman]]
* [[Indravarman|Iṃdravarmo]]
* [[Aspavarman|Aspa]] (c. 20 – 45 CE)
* [[Sasan (Apraca)|Sasan]] (c. 45 – 50 CE)
 
==== Northern Satraps rulers (''Mathura area'') (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE) ====
{{main|Northern Satraps}}
 
* Hagamasha (satrap)
* Hagana (satrap)
* [[Rajuvula]] (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
* [[Sodasa]]
 
==== Minor local rulers ====
* [[Bhadayasa]]
* Mamvadi
* Arsakes
 
==== Northwestern Scythian rulers (c. 85 BCE – 10 CE) ====
 
* [[Maues]] (c. 85–60 BCE)
* [[Vonones of Indo-Scythia|Vonones]] (c. 75–65 BCE)
* [[Spalahores]] (c. 75–65 BCE)
* Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
* [[Azes I]] (c. 57–35 BCE)
* [[Azilises]] (c. 57–35 BCE)
* [[Azes II]] (c. 35–12 BCE)
* [[Zeionises]] (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
* [[Kharahostes]] (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
 
==== Kshaharatas rulers ====
 
* [[Liaka Kusuluka]]
* [[Kusulaka Patika]]
* [[Bhumaka]]
* [[Nahapana]] (founder of the [[Western Satraps]])
 
==== Western Satraps (''Western Saka'') (c. 119 – 395 CE) ====
{{Main|Western Satraps}}
 
* [[Nahapana]] (c. 119–124)
* [[Chastana]] (c. 124)
* [[Jayadaman]] (c. 124–130)
* [[Rudradaman I]] (c. 130–150)
* [[Damajadasri I]] (170–175)
* [[Jivadaman]] (175–199)
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (175–188)
* Isvaradatta (188–191)
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (restored) (191–197)
* [[Jivadaman]] (restored) (197–199)
* [[Rudrasena I (Saka king)|Rudrasena I]] (200–222)
* Samghadaman (222–223)
* [[Damasena]] (223–232)
* Damajadasri II (232–239) with
* Viradaman (234–238)
* Yasodaman I (239)
* [[Vijayasena]] (239–250)
* [[Damajadasri III]] (251–255)
* [[Rudrasena II]] (255–277)
* Visvasimha (277–282)
* [[Bhratadarman]] (282–295)
* [[Visvasena]] (293–304)
* [[Rudrasimha II]], son of Lord (Svami) [[Jivadaman]] (304–348) with
* [[Yasodaman II]] (317–332)
* Rudradaman II (332–348)
* Rudrasena III (348–380)
* Simhasena (Indo-Scythian ruler) (380–382)
* Rudrasena IV (382–388)
* [[Rudrasimha III]] (388–395)
 
==== Pāratas rulers (c. 125 – 300 CE) ====
{{Main|Paratarajas}}
 
* Yolamira (c. 125–150)
* Bagamira (c. 150)
* Arjuna (c. 150–160)
* Hvaramira (c. 160–175)
* Mirahvara (c. 175–185)
* Miratakhma (c. 185–200)
* Kozana (c. 200–220)
* Bhimarjuna (c. 220–235)
* Koziya (c. 235–265)
* Datarvharna (c. 265–280)
* Datayola II (c. 280–300)
 
=== Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE) ===
{{main|Kushan Empire}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
|+List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
!Serial no.
|-
!Kings
|[[Heraios]]||[[File:Heraios profile.jpg|100px]]||1–30|| King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
!Reign (CE)
|-
|-
|[[Kujula Kadphises]]||[[File:KujulaKadphisesCoinAugustusImitation.jpg|100px]]||30–80|| United the [[Yuezhi]] confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
|1
|-
|[[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)|Lakshmana]]
|[[Vima Takto|Vima Takto ''Soter Megas'']]||[[File:Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg|100px]]||80–90|| Alias ''The Great Saviour''. His empire covered northwestern [[Gandhara]] and greater [[Bactria]] towards [[China]], where Kushan presence has been asserted in the [[Tarim Basin]]. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
|950–982
|-  
|[[Vima Kadphises]]||[[File:WimaKadphises.JPG|100px]]||90–127|| The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the [[Roman Empire]].
|-
|[[Kanishka|Kanishka I ''the Great'']]||[[File:KanishkaCoin3.JPG|100px]]||127–144|| Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to [[Pataliputra]] on the [[Gangetic plain]]. His conquests and patronage of [[Buddhism]] played an important role in the development of the [[Silk Road]], and in the [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|transmission of Mahayana Buddhism]] from Gandhara across the [[Karakoram]] range to [[China]].
|-
|[[Huvishka]]||[[File:KushanCoinage2.jpg|100px]]||144–191|| His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
|-
|[[Vasudeva I]]||[[File:Coin of the Kushan king Vasudeva I.jpg|100px]]||191–232|| He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the [[Sassanian]]s as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the [[Indo-Sassanians]] or [[Kushanshahs]] from around 240.
|-
|[[Kanishka II]]||[[File:KanishkaIIObverse.JPG|100px]]||232–245|| It is likely he lost part of his empire to the [[Kushano-Sassanians]].
|-
|[[Vashishka]]||[[File:Vasishka.jpg|100px]]||245–250||
|-
|[[Kanishka III]]||[[File:Dinar of Kanishka III or Vashishka LACMA M.77.56.18 (2 of 2).jpg|100px]]||250–275||
|-
|[[Vasudeva II]]||[[File:Coin of VasudevaII.jpg|100px]]||275–310||
|-
|[[Chhu]]||||310–325||
|-
|[[Vasudeva III]]||
|rowspan="3"|c.300?
|rowspan="3"| Kings whose existence is uncertain.
|-
|[[Vasudeva IV]]||
|-
|[[Vasudeva V]]||
|-
|[[Shaka Kushan]]/[[Shaka I]]||[[File:KushanCoinage.jpg|100px]]||325–350||
|-
|[[Kipunada]]||[[File:Kipunada.jpg|100px]]||350–375|| May have been a subject of [[Samudragupta]] from [[Gupta Empire]].
|-
|-
|}
|2
 
|[[Shobhita]]
=== Indo-Parthian (''Pahalava'') (c. 21 – 100 CE) ===
|982–986
{{main|Indo-Parthian Kingdom}}
 
* [[Gondophares]] I (c. 21–50)
* [[Abdagases I]] (c. 50–65)
* Satavastres (c. 60)
* Sarpedones (c. 70)
* Orthagnes (c. 70)
* [[Ubouzanes]] (c. 77)
* [[Sases]] or Gondophares II (c. 85)
* Abdagases II (c. 90)
* [[Pakores]] (c. 100)
 
=== Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE) ===
{{main|Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom}}
 
* [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]] (233–245 CE)
* [[Peroz I Kushanshah]] (245–275 CE)
* [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (275–300 CE)
* [[Hormizd II Kushanshah]] (300–303 CE)
* [[Peroz II Kushanshah]] (303–330 CE)
* [[Varahran Kushanshah]] (330-365 CE)
 
=== Alchon Huns (''Huna'') (c. 400 – 670 CE) ===
{{main|Alchon Huns}}
 
* ''Anonymous kings'' (c. 400 – 430 CE)
* [[Khingila]]  (c. 430 – 490 CE)
* [[Javukha]]/Zabocho (c. mid 5th – early 6th CE)
* [[Mehama]] (c. 461 – 493 CE)
* Lakhana Udayaditya (c. 490's CE)
* Aduman
* [[Toramana]] (c. 490 – 515 CE)
* [[Mihirakula]] (c. 515 – 540 CE)
* Toramana II (c. 530 – 570 CE)
* [[Sri Pravarasena|Pravarasena]] (c. 530 – 590 CE)
* Gokarna  (c. 570 – 590 CE)
* [[Narendraditya Khinkhila]] (c. 590 – 630 CE)
* [[Yudhishthira (Huna king)|Yudhishthira]] (630 – 670 CE)
 
==Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)==
{{main|Chutu dynasty}}
 
The following Chutu rulers are known from coins and inscriptions:<ref>{{cite book |author=K. Gopalachari |title=Early History of the Andhra Country |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZI6kuQy.TVA_BOK_0002584 |year=1976 |publisher=University of Madras |page=39 }}</ref>
 
* Chutukulananda
* Mulananda
* Sivalananda
 
==Nagvanshi dynasty of Chotanagpur (c. 64–1952 CE)==
{{Main|Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur}}
 
Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to Nagpuri poem "Nagvanshavali" written by Beniram Mehta and book "Nagvansh" written by Lal Pradumn Singh. The list of Kings and chronology varies in these books. 57th Nagvanshi king [[Dhripnath Shah|Dripnath Shah]] (c.1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to  Governor general of India in 1787.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros">{{cite book |last=Virottam |first=Balmukund |year=1969 |title=The Nagbanshis and the Cheros |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/2015.119550.The-Nagbanshis-And-The-Cheros_djvu.txt |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=}}</ref>
 
===Raja===
*Raja [[Phani Mukut Rai]] (c. 64 – 162 CE)
*Raja Mukut Rai (c. 162 – 221 CE)
*Raja Ghat Rai (c. 221 – 278 CE)
*Raja Madan Rai (c. 278 – 307 CE)
*Raja Pratap Rai (c. 307 – 334 CE)
*Raja Kandrap Rai (c. 334 – 365 CE)
*Raja Udaimani Rai (c. 365 – 403 CE)
*Raja Jaimani Rai (c. 403 – 452 CE)
*Raja Srimani Rai (c. 452 – 476 CE)
*Raja Phani Rai (c. 476 – 493 CE)
*Raja Gendu Rai (c. 493 – 535 CE)
*Raja Hari Rai (c. 535 – 560 CE)
*Raja Gajraj Rai (c. 560 – 606 CE)
*Raja Sundar Rai (c. 606 – 643 CE)
*Raja Mukund Rai (c. 643 – 694 CE)
*Raja Udai Rai (c. 694 – 736 CE)
*Raja Kanchan Rai (c. 736 – 757 CE)
*Raja Magan Rai (c. 757 – 798 CE)
*Raja Jagan Rai (c. 798 – 837 CE)
*Raja Mohan Rai (c. 837 – 901 CE)
*Raja Gajdant Rai (c. 901 – 931 CE)
*Raja Gajghant Rai (c. 931 – 964 CE)
*Raja Chandan Rai (c. 964 – 992 CE)
*Raja Anand Rai (c. 992 – 1002 CE)
*Raja Sripati Rai (c. 1002 – 1055 CE)
*Raja Jaganand Rai (c. 1055 – 1074 CE)
*Raja Nripendra Rai (c. 1074 -1084  CE)
*Raja Gandharva Rai (c. 1084 -1098  CE)
*Raja [[Bhim Karn]] (c.1098 -c.1132)
*Raja Jash Karn (c.1132-c.1180)
*Raja Jai Karn (c.1180-c.1218)
*Raja Go Karn (c.1218-c.1236)
*Raja Hari Karn (c.1236-c.1276)
*Raja Shiv Karn (c.1276-c.1299)
*Raja Benu Karn (c.1299-c.1360)
*Raja Phenu Karn
*Raja Tihuli Karn
*Raja [[Shivdas Karn]] (c.1367-c.1389)
*Raja Udai Karn (c.1389-c.1427)
*Raja Pritvi Karn (c.1427-c.1451)
*Raja [[Pratap Karn]] (c.1451-c.1469)
*Raja Chhatra Karn (c.1469 – c.1515)
*Raja Virat Karn (c.1515 – c.1522)
*Raja Sindhu Karn (c.1522 – c.1535)
*Raja [[Madhu Singh (King)|Madhu Karn Shah]] (c. 1584 -c.1599)
*Raja [[Bairisal]] (c. 1599 -c.1614)
*Raja [[Durjan Sal]] (c. 1614–1615)(c.1627 -c.1640)
*Raja Deo Shah
*Raja [[Raghunath Shah]] (1640–1690)
*Raja [[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] (1690–1715)
*Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] (1715–1724)
*Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
*Raja Udainath Shah (1733–1740)
*Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
*Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
*Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
*Raja [[Dhripnath Shah]] (1762–1790)
*Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)
 
===Maharaja===
*Maharaja Gobind Nath Shah Deo (1806–1822)
*Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1872)
*Maharaja [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] (1872–1950)
*Maharaja [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1950–1952)
 
== Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 170–350 CE) ==
{{main|Nagas of Padmavati}}
 
*Vrisha-naga
''(Possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd Century)''.
*Vrishabha or Vrisha-bhava
(''May also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga'').
*Bhima-naga (210–230 CE)
(''Probably the first king to rule from Padmavati'')
*Skanda-naga
*Vasu-naga
*Brihaspati-naga
*Vibhu-naga
*Ravi-naga
*Bhava-naga
*Prabhakara-naga
*Deva-naga
*Vyaghra-naga
*Ganapati-naga
 
==Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)==
{{main|Chandra dynasty|Harikela}}
 
;List of rulers–<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wicks|first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400|date=2018-05-31|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9|pages=87|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johnston|first=E. H.|date=1944|title=Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=11|issue=2|pages=357–385|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00072529|jstor=609320|s2cid=191758063|issn=0041-977X}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
!#
!King
!Period
!Reign (CE)
|-
|1
|Chandrodaya
|27
|202–229
|-
|2
|Annaveta
|5
|229–234
|-
|-
|3
|3
|Chandra
|[[Baliraja]]
|77
|986–990
|234–311
|-
|-
|4
|4
|Rimbhiappa
|[[Vigrahapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Vigrahapala]]
|23
|990–994
|311–334
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Kuverami (Queen)
|[[Mahindu|Mahindra]]
|7
|994–1015
|334–341
|-
|-
|6
|6
|Umavira (Queen)
|[[Ashvapala]]
|20
|1015–1019
|341–361
|-
|-
|7
|7
|Jugna
|[[Ahila]]
|7
|1019–1024
|361–368
|-
|-
|8
|8
|Lanki
|[[Anahilla]]
|2
|1024–1055
|368–370
|-
|-
|9
|9
|Dvenchandra
|[[Balaprasada]]
|55
|1055–1070
|370–425
|-
|-
|10
|10
|Rajachandra
|[[Jendraraja]]
|20
|1070–1080
|425–445
|-
|-
|11
|11
|Kalachandra
|[[Prithvipala]]
|9
|1080–1090
|445–454
|-
|-
|12
|12
|Devachandra
|[[Jojalladeva]]
|22
|1090–1110
|454–476
|-
|-
|13
|13
|Yajnachandra
|[[Asharaja]]
|7
|1110–1119
|476–483
|-
|-
|14
|14
|Chandrabandu
|[[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]]
|6
|1119–1132
|483–489
|-
|-
|15
|15
|Bhumichandra
|[[Rayapala]]
|7
|1132–1145
|489–496
|-
|-
|16
|16
|Bhutichandra
|[[Katukaraja]]
|24
|1145–1148
|496–520
|-
|-
|17
|17
|Nitichandra (Queen)
|[[Alhanadeva]]
|55
|1148–1163
|520–575
|-
|-
|18
|18
|Virachandra
|[[Kelhanadeva]]
|3
|1163–1193
|575–578
|-
|-
|19
|19
|Pritichandra (Queen)
|[[Jayatasimha]]
|12
|1193–1197
|578-90
|-
|}
 
==== Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE) ====
{{main|Chahamanas of Jalor}}
 
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |year=1979 |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |page=xvi |oclc=12737199}}</ref>
 
[[Viramadeva|Virama-deva]] (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore|Siege of Jalore]], but died 2{{frac|1|2}} days later.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma |year=1975 |orig-year=First published 1959 |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |page=169 |isbn=978-0-8426-0618-9}}</ref>{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor
!Serial no.
!Kings
!Reign (CE)
|-
|1
|[[Kirtipala|Kirti-pala]]
|1160–1182
|-
|-
|20
|2
|Prithvichandra
|[[Samarasimha|Samara-simha]]
|7
|1182–1204
|590–597
|-
|-
|21
|Dhirtichandra
|3
|3
|597–600
|[[Udayasimha|Udaya-simha]]
|1204–1257
|-
|-
|22
|4
|Mahavira
|[[Chachigadeva|Chachiga-deva]]
|12
|1257–1282
|600-12
|-
|-
|23
|5
|Virayajap
|[[Samantasimha (Chahamana)|Samanta-simha]]
|12
|1282–1305
|612-24
|-
|-
|24
|6
|Sevinren
|[[Kanhadadeva|Kanhada-deva]]
|12
|1292–1311
|624-36
|-
|-
|25
|7
|Dharmasura
|[[Viramadeva|Virama-deva]]
|13
|1311
|636-49
|}
|-
 
|26
==== Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE) ====
|Vajrashakti
{{main|Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura}}
|16
 
|649-65
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura
|27
!Serial no.
|Dharmavijaya
!Kings
|36
!Reign (CE)
|665–701
|-
|28
|Narendravijaya
|2 yr 9 months
|701–703
|-
|29
|Dharmachandra
|16
|703–720
|-
|30
|Anandachandra
|9+
|720-729+
|-
| colspan="4" |[[Harikela|Harikela Dynasty]]
|-
|-
|1
|1
|[[Traillokyachandra]]  
|[[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja]]
|30
|1192
|900–930
|-
|-
|2
|2
|[[Srichandra]]
|Balhana-deva
|45
|
|930–975
|-
|-
|3
|3
|[[Kalyanachandra]]
|Prahlada-deva
|25
|
|975–1000
|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[Ladahachandra]]
|Viranarayana
|20
|
|1000–1020
|-
|-
|5
|5
|[[Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)|Govindachandra]]
|Vagabhata
|30
|
|1020–1050
|-
|}
|6
 
|Jaitra-simha
==Abhira dynasty of Nasik (203–370 CE)==
|
{{main|Abhira dynasty}}
|-
|7
|Shakti-deva
|
|-
|8
|[[Hammiradeva|Hammira-deva]]
|1283–1311
|}


The following is the list of the sovereign and strong Abhira rulers:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Soni|first=Lok Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&q=Kshatriya+abhira|title=The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh|date=2000|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture|isbn=978-81-85579-57-3|language=en}}</ref>
=== Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE) ===
{{main|Kingdom of Mewar}}


* Abhira Sivadatta
In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day [[Rajasthan]]:
* Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
# Guhilas of [[Nagda]]-[[Ahar]]– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
* [[Ishwarsena|Abhira Ishwarsena]] alias ''Mahaksatrapa'' Isvaradatta
# Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern [[Kalyanpur, Rajasthan|Kalyanpur]])
* Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena
# Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern [[Dhor]])


==Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)==
==== Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE) ====
{{main|Gupta Empire}}
{{main|Guhila dynasty|Gahlot}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
|+List of Guhila dynasty rulers
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
!Nu.
|-
!King (Rawal)
|[[Sri-Gupta I|Srigupta]]||[[File:Maharaja Sri Gupta inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg|100px]]||240–290|| Founder of the dynasty.
!Reign (CE)
|-
|[[Ghatotkacha (king)|Ghatotkacha]]||[[File:Maharaja Sri Ghatotkacha inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg|100px]]||290–320||
|-
|[[Chandragupta I|Chandragupta I]]||[[File:Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandragupta I on a coin.jpg|100px]]||320–325||His title ''Maharajadhiraja'' ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the [[Licchavi (tribe)|Licchavi]] princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
|-
|[[Samudragupta|Samudragupta]]||[[File:SamudraguptaCoin.jpg|100px]]||325–375||Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from [[Ravi River]] in the west to the [[Brahmaputra River]] in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.
|-
|[[Kacha (king)|Kacha]]||[[File:Kachagupta of the Gupta Empire circa AD 335.jpg|100px]]||4th-century|| Rival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with [[Samudragupta|Samudra-Gupta]].
|-
|[[Ramagupta|Ramagupta]]||||375–380||
|-
|[[Chandragupta II|Chandragupta II Vikramaditya]]||[[File:ChandraguptaIIOnHorse.jpg|100px]]||380–415|| Continued the expansionist policy of his father [[Samudragupta]]: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the [[Western Kshatrapas]], and extended the Gupta empire from the [[Indus River]] in the west to the [[Bengal]] region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the [[Narmada River]] in the south.
|-
|[[Kumaragupta|Kumaragupta I]]||[[File:KumaraguptaFightingLion.jpg|100px]]||415–455|| He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] region in the east.
|-
|[[Skandagupta|Skandagupta]]||[[File:Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg|100px]]||455–467||It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the [[Pushyamitras]] or the [[Hunas]]. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
|-
|[[Purugupta|Purugupta]]||||467–472||
|-
|[[Kumaragupta II|Kumaragupta II Kramaditya]]||[[File:Kumaragupta II Kramaditya Circa 530-540 CE.jpg|100px]]||472–479||
|-
|[[Buddhagupta|Buddhagupta]]||[[File:Budhagupta in Malwa Circa 476-495 CE.jpg|100px]]||479–496||He had close ties with the rulers of [[Kannauj]] and together they sought to run the [[Alchon Huns]] ([[Hunas]]) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.
|-
|[[Narasimhagupta|Narasimhagupta Baladitya]]||[[File:Narasinhagupta I Circa 414-455 AD.jpg|100px]]||496–530||
|-
|[[Kumaragupta III|Kumaragupta III]]||||530–540||
|-
|[[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnugupta Candraditya]]||[[File:Vishnugupta Candraditya Circa 540-550 CE.jpg|100px]]||540–550||
|-
|-
|[[Bhanugupta|Bhanugupta]]||||?||A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.
|1
|[[Guhila dynasty|Rawal Guhil]]
|566–586
|-
|-
|}
|2
 
|Rawal Bhoj
==Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)==
|586–606
{{main|Vakataka dynasty}}
|-
 
|3
* Vindhyasakti (250–270)
|Rawal Mahendra I
* [[Pravarasena I]] (270–330)
|606–626
 
|-
===The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch===
|4
* [[Rudrasena I (Vakataka king)|Rudrasena I]] (330–355)
|Rawal Naga (Nagaditya)
* [[Prithivishena I]] (355–380)
|626–646
* [[Rudrasena II]] (380–385)
|-
* Divakarasena (385–400)
|5
* [[Prabhavatigupta]] (fem.), Regent (385–405)
|Rawal Shiladitya
* [[Damodarasena]] (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
|646–661
* Narendrasena (440–460)
|-
* Prithvishena II (460–480)
|6
 
|Rawal Aprajeet
===The Vatsagulma branch===
|661–688
* [[Sarvasena]] (330–355)
|-
* [[Vindhyasena]] (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
|7
* [[Pravarasena II]] (400–415)
|Rawal Mahendra II
* Unknown (415–450)
|688–716
* [[Devasena (Vakataka king)|Devasena]] (450–475)
|-
* [[Harishena]] (475–500)
|8
 
|[[Bappa Rawal]]
== Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE) ==
|728–753
{{main|Pallava dynasty}}
|-
 
|9
=== Early Pallavas (c. 275 – 355 CE) ===
|Rawal Khuman I
* Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
|753–773
* Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
|-
* Singh Vishnu / Vappdev
|10
 
|Rawal Mattat
=== Middle Pallavas (c. 355 – 537 CE) ===
|773–793
* Vishnugopa (350–355)
|-
* Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
|11
* Skanda Varman II (370–385)
|Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I
* Vira Varman (385–400)
|793–813
* Skanda Varman III (400–438)
|-
* Simha Varman II (438–460)
|12
* Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
|Rawal Sinh
* Nandi Varman I (480–500)
|813–828
* Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)
|-
* Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
|13
* Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
|Rawal Khuman II
* Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)
|828–853
 
|-
=== Later Pallavas (c. 537 – 901 CE) ===
|14
* [[Simhavishnu|Simha Vishnu]] (537–570)
|Rawal Mahayak
* [[Mahendravarman I|Mahendra Varman I]] (571–630)
|853–878
* [[Narasimhavarman I|Narasimha Varman I]] (Mamalla) (630–668)
|-
* [[Mahendravarman II|Mahendra Varman II]] (668–672)
|15
* [[Paramesvaravarman I|Paramesvara Varman I]] (672–700)
|Rawal Khuman III
* [[Narasimhavarman II|Narasimha Varman II]] (Raja Simha) (700–728)
|878–926
* Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
* [[Nandivarman II|Nandi Varman II]] (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
* [[Thandivarman|Thandi Varman]] (775–825)
* Nandi Varman III (825–869)
* Nirupathungan (869–882)
* Aparajitha Varman (882–897), last ruler of dynasty
 
== Aulikara Empire of Dashapura (c. 300 – 560 CE) ==
{{main|Aulikara Empire|Dashapura}}
 
'''Rulers of [[Aulikara|First Aulikara dynasty]]-'''
* Jayavarma
* Simhavarma
* Naravarma
* Vishvavarma
* Bandhuvarma
 
'''Rulers of [[Second Aulikara dynasty]]-'''
* Drumavardhana
* Jayavardhana
* Ajitavardhana
* Vibhishanavardhana
* Rajyavardhana
* Prakashadharma
* [[Yashodharman]] (c. 515–545 CE)
* [[Shiladitya (ruler of Malwa)|Shiladitya]] (c. 545–550/560 CE), last known ruler of dynasty
 
== Kadamba dynesties (345 – 1310 CE) ==
 
=== Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345 – 540 CE) ===
{{main|Kadamba dynasty}}
 
'''Banavasi branch rulers-'''
 
* [[Mayuravarma]] (345–365)
* Kangavarma (365–390)
* Bhageerath (390–415)
* Raghu (415–435)
* [[Kakusthavarma]] (435–455)
* Santivarma (455–460)
* Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
* Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
* Ravivarma (485–519)
* Harivarma (519–530)
 
'''Triparvatha branch rulers-'''
 
* Krishna Varma I (455–475)
* Vishnuvarma (475–485)
* Simhavarma (485–516)
* [[Krishna Varma II]] (516–540)
 
=== Kadamba dynasty of Goa (960 – 1345 CE)===
{{main|Kadambas of Goa}}
 
* Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
* Nagavarma
* Guhalladeva I
* Shashathadeva II
* Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
* Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
* Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
* Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
* Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
* Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
* Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
* Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
* Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
* Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
* Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
* Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
* Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty
 
=== Kadamba dynasty of Hangal (980 – 1275 CE) ===
{{main|Kadambas of Hangal}}
;known rulers are-
* Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
* Kamadeva
* Somadeva
* Mayuravarma
 
=== Other minor Kadamba Kingdoms ===
;[[Kadambas of Halasi]]
;Kadambas of Bankapur
;Kadambas of Bayalnad
;Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
;Kadambas of Uchchangi
;Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)
 
==Varman dynasty of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)==
{{main|Varman dynasty|Kamarupa}}
 
The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:<ref>"Though there exists no direct evidence, there are indirect evidence of a king who ruled for a short period after Bhaskaravarman, but was ousted by Salasthamba."{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Mukunda Madhava|year=1978|title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam|publisher=Gauhati University, Assam|pages=xxxi-xxxii}}.</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" align="center"
|-
|-
!    !! Reign    !! Name                !! succession                      !! Queen
|16
|Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II
|926–951
|-
|-
| 1  || 350-374  || [[Pushyavarman]]    ||  || (unknown)
|17
|Rawal Allat
|951–971
|-
|-
| 2  || 374-398  || [[Samudravarman]]  || son of Pushyavarman            || Dattadevi
|18
|Rawal Narwahan
|971–973
|-
|-
| 3  || 398-422  || [[Balavarman]]      || son of Samudravarman          || Ratnavati
|19
|Rawal Saliwahan
|973–977
|-
|-
| 4  || 422-446  || [[Kalyanavarman (Varman dynasty)|Kalyanavarman]]  || son of Balavarman              || Gandharavati
|20
|Rawal Shakti Kumar
|977–993
|-
|-
| 5  || 446-470  || [[Ganapativarman]]  || son of Kalyanavarman          || Yajnavati
|21
|Rawal Amba Prasad
|993–1007
|-
|-
| 6  || 470-494  || [[Mahendravarman (Varman dynasty)|Mahendravarman]] || son of Ganapativarman || Suvrata
|22
|Rawal Shuchivarma
|1007–1021
|-
|-
| 7  || 494-518  || [[Narayanavarman]]  || son of Mahendravarman          || Devavati
|23
|Rawal Narvarma
|1021–1035
|-
|24
|Rawal Keertivarma
|1035–1051
|-
|25
|Rawal Yograj
|1051–1068
|-
|26
|Rawal Vairath
|1068–1088
|-
|27
|Rawal Hanspal
|1088–1103
|-
|-
| 8  || 518-542  || [[Bhutivarman]] || son of Narayanavarman || Vijnayavati
|28
|Rawal Vair Singh
|1103–1107
|-
|-
| 9  || 542-566  || [[Chandramukhavarman]]  || son of Bhutivarman        || Bhogavati
|29
|Rawal Vijai Singh
|1107–1116
|-
|-
| 10 || 566-590  || [[Sthitavarman]]    || son of Chandramukhavarman      || Nayanadevi
|30
|Rawal Ari Singh I
|1116–1138
|-
|-
| 11 || 590-595  || [[Susthitavarman]]  || son of Sthitavarman            || Syamadevi
|31
|Rawal Chaudh Singh
|1138–1148
|-
|-
| 12 || 595-600  || [[Supratisthitavarman]] || son of Susthitavarman      || (Bachelor)
|32
|Rawal Vikram Singh
|1148–1158
|-
|-
| 13 || 600-650  || [[Bhaskaravarman]] || brother of Supratisthitavarman || (Bachelor)
|33
|Rawal Ran Singh
|1158–1168
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Post-split Rawal branch rulers'''
|-
|-
| 14 || 650-655  || Unknown || (unknown)  || (unknown)
|34
|Rawal Khshem Singh
|1168–1172
|-
|35
|Rawal Samant Singh
|1172–1179
|-
|36
|Rawal Kumar Singh
|1179–1191
|-
|37
|Rawal Mathan Singh
|1191–1211
|-
|38
|Rawal Padam Singh
|1211–1213
|-
|39
|[[Jaitrasimha|Rawal Jaitra Singh]]
|1213–1252
|-
|40
|[[Tejasimha|Rawal Tej Singh]]
|1252–1273
|-
|41
|[[Rawal Samarasimha|Rawal Samar Singh]]
|1273–1302
|-
|42
|[[Ratnasimha|Rawal Ratan Singh]]
|1302–1303
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)==
==== Branching of Guhil dynasty ====
{{main|Western Ganga dynasty}}


;List of rulers–
During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
* Konganivarma Madhava (350–370), founder of dynasty
;First (Rawal Branch)
* Madhava II (370–390)
Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
* Harivarman (390–410)
;Second (Rana Branch)
* Vishnugopa (410–430)
Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing [[Sisoda]] bases. Later [[Hammir Singh]] of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.
* Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
* [[Avinita]] (466–495)
* [[Durvinita]] (495–535)
* Mushkara (535–585)
* Srivikrama (585–635)
* Bhuvikarma (635–679)
* Shivamara I (679–725)
* Sripurusha (725–788)
* Shivamara II (788–816)
* Rajamalla I (817–853)
* Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
* Rajamalla II (870–907)
* Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
* Narasimhadeva (919–925)
* Rajamalla III (925–935)
* Butuga II (935–960)
* Takkolam in (949)
* Maruladeva (960–963)
* Marasimha III (963–974)
* Rajamalla IV (974–985)
* Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024), last ruler of dynasty


==Traikutaka dynasty (c. 370–520 CE)==
==== Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE) ====
{{main|Traikutaka dynasty}}


The following Traikuta rulers are known from the coins and inscriptions of [[Gupta period|Gupta Empire]]:<ref name="hist">{{cite book |editor1-last=Vanina |editor1-first=Eugenia |title=Indian History |date=1988 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=9788184245684 |pages=409 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_History/MazdaWXQFuQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=abhira&pg=PA409&printsec=frontcover |language=English |format=Audiobook}}</ref>
"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:


* Maharaja Indradatta (415–440 CE)
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Dharasena (ruler)|Maharaja Dahrasena]]
|+List of Rana branch rulers
* Maharaja Vyaghrasena, son of Dahrasena (480 CE)
!Nu.
* Maharaja Madhyamasena
!King (Rana)
* Vikramasena
!Reign (CE)
 
|-
==Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)==
|1
{{main|Vishnukundina dynasty}}
|Rahapa/Karna
 
|1168 CE
* Madhava Varma I (420–455)
|-
* Indra Varma (455–461)
|2
*[[Vishnukundin#Madhava Varma II|Madhava Verma II]] (461–508)
|Narapati
* Vikramendra Varma I (508–528)
|
* Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–580)
|-
* Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)<ref name=govt/><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138" />
|3
 
|Dinakara
==Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)==
|
{{main|Maitraka dynasty}}
|-
 
|4
* Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
|Jasakarna
* Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
|
* Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
|-
* Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
|5
* Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
|Nagapala
* Guhasena (c. 556–570)
|
* Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
|-
* Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
|6
* Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
|Karnapala
* Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
|
* Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
|-
* Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
|7
* Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
|Bhuvanasimha
* Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
|
* Siladitya II
|-
* Siladitya III
|8
* Siladitya IV
|Bhimasimha
* Siladitya V
|
* Siladitya VI
|-
* Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)<ref name="Mahajan">Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). ''Ancient India'', S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, pp.594–6</ref>
|9
 
|Jayasimha
==Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)==
|
{{main|Rai dynasty}}
|-
 
|10
*[[Rai Diwa]] ji (Devaditya)
|Lakhanasimha
*[[Rai Sahiras]] (Shri Harsha)
|
*[[Rai Sahasi]] (Sinhasena)
|-
*[[Rai Sahiras II]], died battling the King of [[Nimroz]]
|11
*[[Rai Sahasi II]], the last of the line
|Arisimha
 
|
==Later Gupta dynasty (c. 490–750 CE)==
|-
{{Main|Later Gupta dynasty}}
|12
 
|[[Hammir Singh]]
The known Later Gupta rulers included:{{sfn|Sen|1999|pp=247–248}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Ronald M. Davidson |year=2012 |title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=35 |isbn=978-0-231-50102-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |author-link=Hans T. Bakker |year=2014 |title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ |publisher=BRILL |page=83 |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4 }}
|1326 CE
</ref>
|-
 
|}
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Krishna-gupta (490–505 CE)
* ''Deva Shri'' Harsha-gupta (505–525 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Jivita-gupta I (525–550 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Kumara-gupta (550–560 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Damodara-gupta (560–562 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Mahasena-gupta (562–601 CE)
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Madhava-gupta (601–655 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Aditya-sena (655–680 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Deva-gupta (680–700 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Vishnu-gupta (700–725 CE)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' Jivita-gupta II (725–750 CE)
 
== Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE) ==
{{main|Chalukya dynasty|Eastern Chalukyas|Western Chalukya Empire}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign !!Capital!!Notes
|-
|[[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I]]||||500–520||[[Badami]]|| Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern [[Bijapur]] in the early 6th century.
|-
|[[Ranaraga]]||||520–540||[[Badami]]||
|-  
|[[Pulakeshin I]]||||540–567||[[Badami]]|| He ruled parts of the present-day [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]] states in the western [[Deccan]] region of India.
|-
|[[Kirtivarman I]]||||567–592||[[Badami]]|| He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the [[Nalas of Pushkari|Nalas]], the Mauryas of [[Konkan]]a, the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]], the [[Alupa dynasty|Alupas]], and the Gangas of [[Talakadu|Talakad]].
|-
|[[Mangalesha]]||[[File:6th century Kannada inscription in cave temple number 3 at Badami.jpg|100px]]||592–610||[[Badami]]||Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the [[Kalachuri dynasty|Kalachuri]] king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the [[Konkan]] coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering [[Redi, Maharashtra|Revati-dvipa]] from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew [[Pulakeshin II]], a son of Kirttivarman I.
|-
|[[Pulakeshin II]]||[[File:Pulikesin II, the Chalukhaya, receives envoys from Persia (1).jpg|100px]]||610–642||[[Badami]]|| Son of [[Kirtivarman I]], he overthrew his uncle [[Mangalesha]] to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]] of [[Banavasi]] in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of [[Konkan]]a. He was victorious against the
powerful northern emperor [[Harshavardhana|Harsha-vardhana]]. He also achieved some successes against the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king [[Narasimhavarman I]].
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Kubja Vishnuvardhana|Kubja Vishnu-Vardhana I]]||||615/24–641||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Jayasimha I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha I (II)]]||||641–673||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|-  
|[[Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)|Adityavarman]]||||642–645||[[Badami]]|| First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]].
|-
|[[Abhinavaditya]]||||645–646||[[Badami]]|| Son of the predecessor.
|-
|[[Chandraditya (Chalukya dynasty)|Chandraditya]]||||646–649||[[Badami]]|| Second son of Pulakeshin II.
|-
|''[[Vijaya-Bhattarika]]'' (regent)||
|rowspan="2"|649–655||[[Badami]]|| Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
|-
|A son of Chandraditya||||[[Badami]]||
|-
|[[Vikramaditya I]]||||655–680||[[Badami]]|| He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the [[Pallavas]] retreat from the capital.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Indra Bhattaraka]]||||673||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishnuvardhana II|Vishnu-Vardhana II]]||||673–682||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|-
|[[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]]||||680–696||[[Badami]]|| He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Mangi Yuvaraja]]||||682–706||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|-
|[[Vijayaditya|Vijayaditya I]]||||696–733||[[Badami]]|| His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Jayasimha II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha III]]||||706–718||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Kokkli]]||||718–719||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishnuvardhana III|Vishnu-Vardhana III]]||||719–755||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|-
|[[Vikramaditya II]]||[[File:8th century Kannada inscription on victory pillar at Pattadakal.jpg|100px]]||733–746||[[Badami]]|| Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of [[Kanchipuram]], in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
|-
|[[Kirtivarman II|Kirtivarman II Rahappa]]||||746- 757||[[Badami]]|| His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the [[Rashtrakutas]], who ended the power of the family in Badami.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya I (II)]]||||755–772||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishnuvardhana IV|Vishnu-Vardhana IV]]||||755–808||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya II (III)]]||||808–847||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| His first military victories against the [[Rashtrakutas]] made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishnuvardhana V|Kali Vishnu-Vardhana V]]||||847–849||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya III (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya III (IV)]]||
|rowspan="3"|849–892||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|rowspan="3"|Brothers, ruled together.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vikramaditya I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya I (III)]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Yuddhamalla I]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Bhima I (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima I]]||||892–921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the [[Rashtrakutas]].
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya IV (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya IV (V)]]||||921||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Amma (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Amma I]]||
|rowspan="2"|921–927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|rowspan="2"| Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishnuvardhana VI|Vishnu-Vardhana VI]]||||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya V (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya V (VI)]]||||927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Ruled for fifteen days.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Tadapa]]||||927||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Ruled for a month.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vikramaditya II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vikramaditya II (IV)]]||||927–928||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Bhima II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima II]]||||928–929||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Yuddhamalla II]]||||929–935||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Bhima III (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Bhima III]]||||935–947||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||  
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Amma II (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Amma II]]||||947–970||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Danarnava]]||||970–973||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the [[Chola Empire]].
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Tailapa II|Tailapa II Ahvamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 913 (c.991 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Ahvamalla Tailapa II.JPG|100px]]||973–997||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| 6th great-grandson of [[Vijayaditya I]]. Ousted the [[Rashtrakutas]] in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Jata Choda Bhima]]||||973–999||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Satyashraya]]||||997–1008||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Shaktivarman I]]||||999–1011||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing [[Chola Empire|Chola influence]] in Vengi kingdom.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Vikramaditya V]]||||1008–1015||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vimaladitya]]||||1011–1018||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of [[Rajaraja I]] from the [[Chola Empire]].
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II (III)]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 957 (c.1035 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jayasimha II.JPG|100px]]||1015–1043||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of [[Kannada literature]]. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the [[Deccan]].
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Rajaraja Narendra]]||[[File:King Rajaraja Narendra founder of rajahmundry city.jpg|100px]]||1018–1061||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the [[Western Chalukyas]]. His own son managed to succeed in the [[Chola Empire]], in 1070, as [[Kulottunga I]], beginning the [[Later Cholas]] period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara I|Someshvara I Trilokyamalla]]||[[File:Western Chalukyas of Kalyana King Somesvara I Trailokyamalla 1043-1068.jpg|100px]]||1042–1068||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| His several military successes in [[Central India]] made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Shaktivarman II]]||||1061–1062||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||  
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vijayaditya VI (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Vijayaditya VII]]||||1062–1075||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with support from [[Western Chalukyas]].
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara II|Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription dated Shaka 990 (c.1068 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Bhuvanaikamalla Someshvara II.JPG|100px]]||1068–1076||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Rajaraja (Eastern Chalukya dynasty)|Rajaraja]]||||1075–1079||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])||
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Vikramaditya VI|Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1108 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI.jpg|100px]]||1076–1126||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous [[Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]] poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, [[Athirajendra Chola]], on the [[Chola Empire]] throne.
|- bgcolor=#cef
|[[Vishuvardhana VII|Vishnu-Vardhana VII]]||||1079–1102||[[Vengi]] ([[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern]])|| Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara III]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (1129 AD) at Kedareshvara temple in Balligavi.JPG|100px]]||1126–1138||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text ''[[Manasollasa]]'' touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Jagadhekamalla II]]||[[File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1148 AD) of Kalyani (Western) Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II.JPG|100px]]||1138–1151||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Tailapa III]]||||1151–1164||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Jagadhekamalla III]]||||1164–1183||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])|| His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the [[Southern Kalachuris]] under [[Bijjala II]] who took control of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]]. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
|- bgcolor=#bda
|[[Someshvara IV]]||[[File:Chalukyas of Kalyana (Western Chalukyas) Possibly King Somesvara IV Chalukya. 1181-4 1189.jpg|100px]]||1183–1200||[[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] ([[Western Chalukyas|Western]])||Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, [[Seuna]], [[Hoysala]] and the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.
|-  
|}
 
== Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE) ==
{{Main|Shahi Kingdom}}
 
In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were [[Hindu]] dynasties) from:
*[[Turk Shahi]] (c. 500–850 CE)
*[[Hindu Shahi]] (c. 850–1026 CE)
 
=== Turk Shahi dynasty (c. 500–850 CE) ===
{{Main|Turk Shahi}}


*[[Nandin Rulers of Gilgit]]  (500–552)
==== Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE) ====
* [[Khingala of Kapisa]]  (535–552)
{{Main|Sisodia dynasty|List of ranas of Mewar}}
* [[Patoladeva]] / [[Navasurendradiyta]] (552–575)
* [[Srideva]] / [[Surendra Vikrmadiyta]] (575–605)
* [[Patoladeva]] / [[Vajraditya]]  (605–645)
* [[Barha Tegin]]  (645–680)
* [[Tegin Sha]]  (680–739)
* [[Fromo Kesar]] / [[Gesar]]  (739–755)


=== Hindu Shahi dynasty (c. 850–1026 CE) ===
{| class="wikitable"
{{Main|Hindu Shahi}}
|+
!Picture
!King (Maharana)
!Reign
|-
|
|[[Hammir Singh]]
|1326–1364
|-
|
|[[Kshetra Singh]]
|1364–1382
|-
|
|[[Lakha Singh]]
|1382–1421
|-
|[[File:Rana Mokal Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Mokal Singh]]
|1421–1433
|-
|[[File:Kumbha of Mewar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Rana Kumbha]]
|1433–1468
|-
|
|[[Udai Singh I]]
|1468–1473
|-
|
|[[Rana Raimal]]
|1473–1508


* [[Samantadeva Kallar]] / [[Lalliya]] (850–895), first ruler of dynasty
|-
* [[Kamalavarmadeva]] / Kamaluka (895–921)
|[[File:Depiction of king Rana Sanga.jpg|100px]]
* [[Bhimadeva (died 964)|Bhimadeva]] (921–964)
|[[Rana Sanga]]
* [[Ishtthapala]] (ruled 8 months)
|1508–1527
* [[Jayapala]] (964–1001)
|-
* [[Anandapala]] (1001–1010)
|
* [[Trilochanapala]] (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
|[[Ratan Singh II]]
* [[Bhimapala]] (died in 1022–1026), last ruler of dynasty
|1528–1531
 
|-
== Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 500–647 CE) ==
|
{{main|Pushyabhuti dynasty}}
|[[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya Singh]]
|1531–1536
|-
|
|[[Vanvir Singh]]
|1536–1540
|-
|[[File:Rana-udai-singh-ii.jpg|100px]]
|[[Udai Singh II]]
|1540–1572
|-
|[[File:RajaRaviVarma MaharanaPratap.jpg|100px]]
|[[Maharana Pratap]]
|1572–1597
|-
|[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Maharana Amar Singh - I.jpg|100px]]
|[[Amar Singh I]]
|1597–1620
|-
|[[File:Karan Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Karan Singh II]]
|1620–1628
|-
|[[File:Jagat Singh I.jpg|100px]]
|[[Jagat Singh I]]
|1628–1652
|-
|[[File:Painting of Maharana Raj Singh - I (1652 - 80).jpg|100px]]
|[[Raj Singh I]]
|1652–1680
|-
|[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Maharana Jai Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Jai Singh of Mewar|Jai Singh]]
|1680–1698
|-
|[[File:Maharana Amar Singh II.jpg|100px]]
|[[Amar Singh II]]
|1698–1710
|-
|[[File:Maharana Sangram Singh Riding a Prize Stallion.jpg|100px]]
|[[Sangram Singh II]]
|1710–173
|-
|[[File:Maharana Jagat Singh II.jpg|100px]]
|[[Jagat Singh II]]
|1734–1751
|-
|[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Maharaja Pratap Singh II of Mewar Hunting Boar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Pratap Singh II]]
|1751–1754
|-
|[[File:Equestrian portrait of Maharana Raj Singh II.jpg|100px]]
|[[Raj Singh II]]
|1754–1762
|-
|[[File:Mewar Maharana Ari Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Ari Singh II]]
|1762–1772
|-
|
|[[Hamir Singh II]]
|1772–1778
|-
|[[File:Bhim Singh of Mewar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]]
|1778–1828
|-
|[[File:Maharana Jawan Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Jawan Singh]]
|1828–1838
|-
|
|[[Sardar Singh]]
|1838–1842
|-
|[[File:Portrait of Sarup Singh with attendants (after William Carpenter). Udaipur, 1851, City Palace Museum, Udaipur. (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Swarup Singh of Udaipur|Swarup Singh]]
|1842–1861
|-
|[[File:Maharana Shambhu Singh throwing a javelin, By Tara, Mewar 1866.jpg|100px]]
|[[Shambhu Singh]]
|1861–1874
|-
|[[File:Maharana Sajjan Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Sajjan Singh of Udaipur|Sajjan Singh]]
|1874–1884
|-
|[[File:Maharana Fateh Singh of Udaipur.jpg|100px]]
|[[Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar|Fateh Singh]]
|1884–1930
|-
|[[File:Maharana Bhupal Singh.jpg|100px]]
|[[Bhupal Singh]]
|1930–1948<br><br><small>1948-1955<br>(titular)</small>
|-
|
| colspan="3" align=center" |'''Titular Maharanas'''
|-style="background:#eee
|[[File:Maharana of Udaipur Bhagwat Singh at Lake Palace on Lake Pichola in India.jpg|100px]]
|''[[Bhagwat Singh Mewar|Bhagwat Singh]]''
|1955–1984
|-style="background:#eee
|[[File:The 76th Maharana of Mewar, Shri Mahendra Singh Mewar.jpg|100px]]
|''[[Mahendra Singh Mewar|Mahendra Singh]]''
|1984–2024
|-style="background:#eee
|[[File:Vishvaraj Singh Mewar (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|''[[Vishvaraj Singh Mewar|Vishvaraj Singh]]''
|2024–present
|}


* Pushyabhuti (''Puṣyabhuti''), possibly mythical
===Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)===
*Naravardhana  (500–525 CE)
{{main|Karkota dynasty|Kashmir}}
*Rajyavardana I  (525–555 CE)
* Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
* [[Adityavardhana]] (''Ādityvardhana or Ādityasena'')  (555–580 CE)
* Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
* [[Prabhakara-vardhana]] (''Prabhākaravardhana'') (580–605 CE)
* Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
* [[Rajya-vardhana]] (''Rājyavardhana II'') (605–606 CE)
* Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
* [[Harsha-vardhana]] (''Harṣavardhana'') (606–647 CE), Unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India.
* [[Lalitaditya Muktapida]] (724–760), (built the famous [[Martand Sun Temple]] in [[Kashmir]])
* Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
* Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
* Prithivyapida I (768–772)
* Sangramapida (772–779)
* Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
* Lalitapida (813–825)
* Sangramapida II (825–832)
* Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)


==Eastern Ganga Empire (c. 505–1950 CE)==
;Other puppet rulers under [[Utpala dynasty]] are:
* Ajitapida
* Anangapida
* Utpalapida
* Sukhavarma


===Eastern Ganga dynasty (c. 505–1434 CE)===
===Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)===
{{Main|Eastern Ganga dynasty}}
{{main|Brahman dynasty of Sindh}}


[[Indravarman I]] is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the ''Jirjingi copper plate grant''.<ref name="govt">{{cite web |title=Detail History of Orissa |url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm |publisher=[[Government of Odisha]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm |archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138">{{cite book |last=Mirashi |first=Vasudev Vishnu |year=1975 |title=Literary and Historical Studies in Indology |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0JUwf2BXVAC&q=Jirjingi&pg=PA138 |page=138 |isbn=978-81-208-0417-3}}</ref>
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wink |first1=André |author-link=André Wink |year=1996 |orig-year=First published 1990 |title=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=I |edition=3rd |publisher=BRILL |pages=152–153 |isbn=978-90-04-09249-5}}</ref>
* [[Chach of Aror|Chach]] (632–671 CE)
* [[Chandar of Sindh|Chandar]] (671–679 CE)
* [[Dahir of Aror|Dahir]] (679–712 CE)
;Under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]:
* Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from [[Brahmanabad]]
* Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
* Shishah (until 724 CE)


* Mittavarman (c. 505–520)
===Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)===
(Eastern Ganga king, feudal under [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] rule)
{{main|Mlechchha dynasty|Kamarupa}}
*[[Indravarman I]] (c. 520–537)
* Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
(Real founder of dynasty)
* Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
* Samantavarman (c. 537–562)
* Palaka
* Hastivarman (c. 562–578)
* Kumara
* [[Indravarman II]] (c. 578–589)
* Vajradeva
* Danarnava (c. 589–652)
* Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
* Indravarman III (c. 652–682)
* Balavarman II
* Gunarnava (c. 682–730)
* Jivaraja
* Devendravarman I (c. 730–780)
* Digleswaravarman
* Anantavarman III (c. 780–812)
* Salambha<ref>Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Mukunda Manhava |year=1978 |title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam |url=https://archive.org/details/inscriptionsofancientassammmsharmagauhatiuniversity1978c |place=Guwahati |publisher=Gauhati University |page=105}}</ref>
* Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840)
* Harjjaravarman (815–832)
* Devendravarman V (c. 840–895)
* Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
* Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–910)
* Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
* Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 910–939)
* Balavarman III (860–880)
* Gundama – (c. 939–942)
* Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty
* Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)
* Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)
* Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)
* Kamarnava II (c. 1015–6 months after)
* Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)
* Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)
* Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)
* [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] (c. 1077–1147)
* Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
* Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)
* Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)
* Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)
* Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)
* [[Anangabhima III|Anangabhima Deva]] III (c. 1211–1238)
* [[Narasimhadeva I|Narasimha Deva I]] (1238–1264)
* Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)
* Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
* Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
* Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
* Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
* Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
* Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)


=== Gudari Kataka ''Ganga State'' ===
===Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)===
{{Main|Gudari, Rayagada}}
{{main|Garhwal Kingdom}}


According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, ''Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu'' founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at [[Gudari, Rayagada|Gudari]] in modern [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]] district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/119409/15/15_chapter%206.pdf|title=The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
[[Mola Ram]] the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work ''Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas'' (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kingdom that Mughals could never win |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/community/kingdom-that-mughals-could-never-win/199323.html |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=2018-01-29 |work=The Tribune }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge |volume=6 |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company|year=1885|pages=451}}</ref>


* Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
{| class="wikitable"
* Svarna Bhanu
|+Rulers of Garhwal  - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs
* Kalasandha Deva
|No.
* Chudanga Deva
|Name
* Harimani Deva
|Reign
* Narasimha Deva
|Years Reigned
* Ananta Deva
|No.
* Padmanabha Deva
|Name
* Pitambara Deva
|Reign
* Vasudeva
|Years Reigned
* Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
|No.
 
|Name
=== Chikiti ''Ganga State'' (c. 881–1950 CE)===
|Reign
{{Main|Chikiti}}
|Years Reigned
 
|-
Historians conclude that the rulers of [[Chikiti]] were from the line of Ganga ruler '''Hastivarman'''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Panda|first=Dr. Sanjay Kumar|title=Chiktira Sahitya O Sahityika|publisher=Sahitya Swetapadma|year=2014|isbn=978-93-80759-65-4|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=15–16|language=or|trans-title=Chikiti's literature & litterateurs}}</ref><ref>''Genealogical Table of the Zamindaras of Chikiti'', Chikiti Estate. Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba, 28th Nov 1928. Typed by A. Rama Murthi, Clerk, Chikiti Estate.</ref>
|1
 
|[[Kanak Pal]]
* Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara)
|688–699
(881–940)
|11
* Balabhadra Rautara
|21
(941–997)
|Vikram Pal
* Madhaba Rautara
|1116–1131
(998–1059)
|15
* Languli Rautara
|41
(1060–1094)
|Vijay Pal
* Mohana Rautara
|1426–1437
(1095–1143)
|11
* Balarama Rautara
|-
(1144–1197)
|2
* Biswanatha Rautara
|Shyam Pal
(1198–1249)
|699–725
* Harisarana Rautara
|26
(1250–1272)
|22
* Raghunatha Rautara
|Vichitra Pal
(1273–1313)
|1131–1140
* Dinabandhu Rautara
|9
(1314–1364)
|42
* Gopinatha Rautara
|Sahaj Pal
(1365–1417)
|1437–1473
* Ramachandra Rautara
|36
(1418–1464)
|-
* Narayana Rautara
|3
(1465–1530)
|Pandu Pal
* Narasingha Rautara
|725–756
(1531–1583)
|31
* Lokanatha Rautara
|23
(1584–1633)
|Hans Pal
* Jadumani Rautara
|1141–1152
(1634–1691)
|11
* Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
|43
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba
|Bahadur Shah
(1737–1769)
|1473–1498
* Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
|25
* Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
|-
* Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
|4
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba
|Abhijat Pal
(1832–1835)
|756–780
* Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
|24
* Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
|24
* Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
|Som Pal
* Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
|1152–1159
* Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
|7
* Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba
|44
(1923–1934)
|Man Shah
* Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba
|1498–1518
(1934–1950)
|20
 
|-
=== Parlakhemundi ''Ganga State'' (c. 1309–1950)===
|5
{{Main|Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers}}
|Saugat Pal
 
|781–800
[[Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers|Parlakhemundi]] state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/parlakhimedi.html|title=PARLA KHIMEDI (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="GAJAPATI">{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Gajapati_Gazetteer.pdf |page=51 |date=2002 }}</ref>
|19
 
|25
* Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
|Kadil Pal
* Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
|1159–1164
* Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
|5
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
|45
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
|Shyam Shah
* Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
|1518–1527
* Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
|9
* Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
|-
* Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
|6
* Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
|Ratna Pal
* Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
|800–849
* Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
|49
* Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
|26
* Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
|Kamadev Pal
* Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
|1172–1179
* Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
|7
* Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
|46
* Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
|Mahipat Shah
* Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
|1527–1552
* Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
|25
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
|-
* [[Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II]]  (1736–1771)
|7
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
|Shali Pal
* Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
|850–857
* Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
|7
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
|27
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
|Sulakshan Dev
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
|1179–1197
(1913–1950)
|18
 
|47
====Titular Rulers====
|Prithvi Shah
 
|1552–1614
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
|62
(1950 – 25 May 1974)
|-
* [[Gopinath Gajapati|Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo]]
|8
(25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
|Vidhi Pal
* [[Kalyani Gajpati|Kalyani Gajapati]]
|858–877
(10 January 2020–present)
|19
 
|28
==Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE) ==
|Lakhan Dev
{{main|Jaintia Kingdom}}
|1197–1220
 
|23
===Old dynasty===
|48
#Urmi Rani (?-550)
|Medini Shah
#Krishak Pator (550–570)
|1614–1660
#Hatak (570–600)
|46
#Guhak (600–630)
|-
 
|9
===Partitioned Jaintia===
|Madan Pal
#Jayanta (630–660)
|877–894
#Joymalla (660-?)
|17
#Mahabal (?)
|29
#Bancharu (?-1100)
|Anand Pal II
#Kamadeva (1100–1120)
|1220–1241
#Bhimbal (1120)
|21
 
|49
===Brahmin dynasty===
|[[Fateh Shah]]
#Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
|1660–1708
#Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
|48
#Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
|-
#Manik Rai (1170–1193)
|10
#Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
|Bhakti Pal
#Jayanti Devi
|895–919
#Bara Gossain
|24
 
|30
===New dynasty===
|Purva Dev
#Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
|1241–1260
#Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
|19
#Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
|50
#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
|Upendra Shah
#Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
|1708–1709
#Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
|1
#Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
|-
#Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
|11
#Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
|Jayachand Pal
#Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
|920–948
#Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
|28
#Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
|31
#Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
|Abhay Dev
#Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
|1260–1267
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
|7
#Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
|51
#Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
|Pradip Shah
#Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
|1709–1772
#Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
|63
#Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
|-
#Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
|12
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
|Prithvi Pal
#Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Laloo |first=Betty |date=20 July 2016 |title=Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions |type=PhD |chapter=III: Early Jaintia State Formation |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |title=Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends |website=Mesmerizing Meghalaya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812044724/http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |archive-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
|949–971
 
|22
== Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550–1036 CE) ==
|32
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}
|Jayaram Dev
 
|1267–1290
===Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (c. 550–860 CE) ===
|23
{{main|Pratiharas of Mandavyapura}}
|52
 
|Lalit Shah
[[R. C. Majumdar]], on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers ([[IAST]] names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
|1772–1780
 
|8
* Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
|-
* Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
|13
* Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
|Medinisen Pal
* Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
|972–995
* Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
|23
* Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
|33
* Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
|Asal Dev
* Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
|1290–1299
* Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
|9
* Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
|53
* Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
|Jayakrit Shah
* Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
|1780–1786
* Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler
|6
 
|-
=== Pratiharas of Bhinmala (Kannauj) (c. 730–1036 CE) ===
|14
{{main|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty}}
|Agasti Pal
 
|995–1014
;List of rulers–
|19
*[[Nagabhata I]] (730–756), founder of dynasty
|34
*[[Kakustha (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Kakustha]] (756–765)
|Jagat Pal
*[[Devaraja (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Devaraja]] (765–778)
|1299–1311
*[[Vatsaraja]] (778–805)
|12
*[[Nagabhata II]] (800–833)
|54
*[[Ramabhadra]] (833–836)
|[[Pradyumna Shah]]
*[[Mihira Bhoja]] (836–890), Greatest ruler of dynasty
|1786–1804
*[[Mahendrapala I]] (890–910)
|18
*[[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (910–913)
|-
*[[Mahipala I]] (913–944)
|15
*[[Mahendrapala II]] (944–948)
|Surati Pal
*[[Devpala]] (948–954)
|1015–1036
*[[Vinaykpala]] (954–955)
*[[Mahipala II]] (955–956)
*[[Vijaypala II]] (956–960)
*[[Rajapala]] (960–1018)
*[[Trilochanpala]] (1018–1027)
*[[Jasapala]] (Yashpala) (1024–1036), last ruler of dynasty
 
===Other Pratihara Branches===
 
;Baddoch Branch (c. 600–700 CE)
Known Baddoch rulers are-
 
*[[Dhaddha]] 1 (600–627)
*Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
*[[Jaibhatta]] (655–700)
 
;Rajogarh Branch
Badegujar were rulers of [[Rajogarh]]
 
*[[Parmeshver Manthandev]], (885–915)
*No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev
 
== Kingdom of Mewar (c. 550–1947 CE) ==
{{Main|Guhila|Sisodia}}
{{see also|Rajput|Udaipur State|Mewar}}
 
In the 6th century, three different ''Guhila dynasties'' are known to have ruled in present-day [[Rajasthan]]:
 
*''Guhilas of [[Nagda]]-[[Ahar]],''
*''Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern [[Kalyanpur, Rajasthan|Kalyanpur]]),''
*''Guhilas of Dhavagarta (present-day [[Dhor]]).''
 
=== Guhila dynasty (c. 550–1303 CE) ===
{{Main|Guhila dynasty}}
 
*Bappaka  (550–566)
*Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580) ''(Real founder of the dynasty)''
*Bhoja  (580–602)
*Mahendra (I)  (602–616)
*Nāga  (616–646)
*Śiladitya  (646–661 )
*Aparājita  (661–697 )
*Mahendra (II)  (697–728)
*''[[Bappa Rawal]]'' /  Kālabhoja  (728–753)
*Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)
*Mattaṭa  (773–790)
*Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I)  (790–813)
*Rawalsiṃha  (813–820)
*Khommāṇa (II)  (820–853)
*Mahāyaka  (853–900)
*Khommāṇa (III)  (900–942)
*Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II)  (942–943 CE)
*Allaṭa (943–953 )
*Naravāhana  (953–971 )
*Śalivāhana   (971–977 )
*Śaktikumāra  (977–993 )
*Āmraprasāda  (993–998)
*Śuchivarman  (998–1010)
*Naravarman  (1010–1035)
*Kīrtivarman  (1035–1050)
*Yogarāja  (1050–1075)
*Vairaṭa (1075–1090)
*Vaṃśapāla  (1090–1100)
*Vairisiṃha   (1100–1122)
*Vijayasiṃha  (1122–1130)
*Vairisiṃha (II)  (1130–1136)
*Arisiṃha  (1136–1145)
*Choḍa  (1145–1151)
*Vikramasiṃha   (1151–1158)
*[[Raṇasiṃha]]  (1158–1165 )<ref>{{cite book |author=Anil Chandra Banerjee |year=1958 |title=Medieval studies |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693 |publisher=A. Mukherjee & Co. |page=15 |oclc=4469888}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=N. P. Chakravarti |author-link=N. P. Chakravarti |year=1987 |orig-year=1958 |chapter=Appendix: Rajaprasasti Inscription of Udaipur (Continued from Vol. XXIX, Part V) |editor1=N. Lakshminarayan Rao |editor2=D. C. Sircar |title=Epigraphia Indica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=XXX |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=119–121}}</ref>{{sfn|Anil Chandra Banerjee|1958|pp=14–15}}
 
=== Branching of Guhil Dynasty ===
 
* [[Ranasingh]]  (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
* '''First (Rawal Branch)—'''Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
* '''Second (Rana Branch)—'''Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases.  Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called Sisodia.{{sfn|N. P. Chakravarti|1987|pp=119–121}}{{sfn|Anil Chandra Banerjee|1958|pp=14–15}}
 
==== Post-split Rawal branch (c. 1165–1303 CE) ====
 
*Kṣemasiṃha   (1165–1172)
*Sāmantasiṃha  (1172–1179)
*Kumārasiṃha  (1179–1185)
*Mathanasiṃha  (1185–1201)
*Padmasiṃha  (1201–1213)
*[[Jaitrasimha]]  (1213–1252)
*[[Tejasimha]]  (1252–1273)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ramavallabha |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |publisher=Mateshwari Publications |year=1976 |location=India |pages=82 |language=English}}</ref>
*[[Rawal Samarasimha|Samarasimha]]  (1273–1301)
*[[Ratnasimha]] (1301–1303).{{sfn|N. P. Chakravarti|1987|p=121}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Akshaya Keerty Vyas |year=1937 |chapter=First and Third Slabs of Kumbhalgarh Inscription V.S. 1517 |editor=N. P. Chakravarti |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=XXIV |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=312–313}}</ref>
 
=== Rana branch (c. 1160–1326 CE) ===
 
''Rahapa'', a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
 
*Rahapa/Karna (1160)
*Narapati (1185)
*Dinakara (1200)
*Jasakarna (1218)
*Nagapala (1238)
*Karnapala (1266)
*Bhuvanasimha (1280)
*Bhimasimha (1297)
*Jayasimha (1312)
*Lakhanasimha (1318)
*Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)
*[[Hammir Singh]] (1326)<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |year=1957 |chapter=Northern India During The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries |editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=The Struggle for Empire |series=The History and Culture of the Indian People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQtuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=91 |oclc=26241249}}</ref>
 
=== Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326–1947 CE) ===
{{Main|Sisodia}}
 
* [[Hammir Singh]] (1326–1364)
* [[Kshetra Singh]] (1364–1382)
* [[Lakha Singh]] (1382–1421)
* [[Mokal Singh]] (1421–1433)
* [[Rana Kumbha]] (1433–1468)
* [[Udai Singh I]] (1468–1473)
* [[Rana Raimal|Raimal Singh]] (1473–1508)
* [[Rana Sanga|Sangram Singh I]] (1508–1527), ''Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ratan Singh II]] (1528–1531)
* [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya Singh]] (1531–1536)
* [[Vanvir Singh]] (1536–1540)
* [[Udai Singh II]] (1540–1572)
* [[Maharana Pratap|Pratap Singh I]] (1572–1597), ''13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.''
* [[Amar Singh I]] (1597–1620)
* [[Karan Singh II]] (1620–1628)
* [[Jagat Singh I]] (1628–1652)
* [[Raj Singh I]] (1652–1680)
* [[Jai Singh of Mewar|Jai Singh]] (1680–1698)
* [[Amar Singh II]] (1698–1710)
* [[Sangram Singh II]] (1710–1734)
* [[Jagat Singh II]] (1734–1751)
* [[Pratap Singh II]] (1751–1754)
* [[Raj Singh II]] (1754–1762)
* [[Ari Singh II]] (1762–1772)
* [[Hamir Singh II]] (1772–1778)
* [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]] (1778–1828)
* [[Jawan Singh]] (1828–1838)
* [[Sardar Singh]] (1838–1842)
* [[Swarup Singh of Udaipur]] (1842–1861)
* [[Shambhu Singh]] (1861–1874)
* [[Sajjan Singh of Udaipur|Sajjan Singh]] (1874–1884)
* [[Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar|Fateh Singh]] (1884–1930)
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1930–1947)
 
=== Titular Maharanas ===
 
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1947–1955)
* [[Bhagwat Singh Mewar]]
* [[Mahendra Singh Mewar]]
 
==Gauda Kingdom (c. 590–626 CE)==
 
{{Main|Gauda Kingdom}}
* [[Shashanka]] (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of [[Bengal]], created the first unified political entity in [[Bengal]]
* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by [[Harshavardhana]] and [[Bhaskarvarman]]
 
==Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)==
{{main|Brahman dynasty of Sindh}}
 
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:<ref name="Wink">{{cite book |last1=Wink |first1=André |author-link=André  Wink |year=1996 |orig-year=First published 1990 |title=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=I |edition=3rd |publisher=BRILL |pages=152–153 |isbn=978-90-04-09249-5}}</ref>
* [[Chach of Alor|Chach]] (632–671 CE)
* [[Chandar of Sindh|Chandar]] (671–679 CE)
* [[Raja Dahir|Dāhir]] (679–712 CE) from [[Aror|Alor]]
;Under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]:
* Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from [[Brahmanabad]]
* Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
* Shishah (till 724 CE)
 
==Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)==
{{main|Karkota dynasty|Kashmir}}
 
*Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
*Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
*Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
*Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
*[[Lalitaditya Muktapida]] (724–760),  (built the famous [[Martand Sun Temple]] in [[Kashmir]])
*Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
*Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
*Prithivyapida I (768–772)
*Sangramapida (772–779)
*Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
*Lalitapida (813–825)
*Sangramapida II (825–832)
*Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)
 
;Other puppet rulers under [[Utpala dynasty]] are:
 
*Ajitapida
*Anangapida
*Utpalapida
*Sukhavarma
 
== Chahamana (Chauhan) Empire (c. 650–1315 CE) ==
{{main|Chauhan}}
 
''The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-''
 
*[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] (Chauhans of [[Ajmer]])
* [[Chahamanas of Naddula]] (Chauhans of [[Nadol]])
* [[Chahamanas of Jalor]] (Chauhans of [[Jalore Fort|Jalore]]); branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
* [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura]] (Chauhans of [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]]); branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
* Chahamanas of [[Lata (region)|Lata]]
* Chahamanas of [[Dholpur]]
* Chahamanas of Partabgarh
 
=== Chahamanas of Shakambhari (c. 650–1194 CE)===
{{main|Chahamanas of Shakambhari}}
 
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |year=1964 |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |pages=51–70}}</ref>
 
* [[Chahamana]] (Legendary)
* [[Vasudeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Vasu-deva]] (c. 650–684 CE), first known ruler of the dynasty
* [[Samantaraja|Samanta-raja]] (c. 684–709 CE); identified as the legendary [[Manik Rai]] by R. B. Singh
* [[Naradeva|Nara-deva]] (c. 709–721 CE)
* [[Ajayaraja I|Ajaya-raja I]] (c. 721–734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
* [[Vigraharaja I|Vigraha-raja I]] (c. 734–759 CE)
* [[Chandraraja I|Chandra-raja I]] (c. 759–771 CE)
* [[Gopendraraja|Gopendra-raja]] (c. 771–784 CE)
* [[Durlabharaja I|Durlabha-raja I]] (c. 784–809 CE)
* [[Govindaraja I|Govinda-raja I]] (c. 809–836 CE), alias Guvaka I
* [[Chandraraja II|Chandra-raja II]] (c. 836–863 CE)
* [[Govindaraja II]] (c. 863–890 CE), alias Guvaka II
* [[Chandanaraja|Chandana-raja]] (c. 890–917 CE)
* [[Vakpatiraja I|Vakpati-raja]] (c. 917–944 CE); his younger son established the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana branch]]
* [[Simharaja|Simha-raja]] (c. 944–971 CE)
* [[Vigraharaja II|Vigraha-raja II]] (c. 971–998 CE)
* [[Durlabharaja II|Durlabha-raja II]] (c. 998–1012 CE)
* [[Govindaraja III|Govinda-raja III]] (c. 1012–1026 CE)
* [[Vakpatiraja II|Vakpati-raja II]] (c. 1026–1040 CE)
* [[Viryarama]] (c. 1040 CE)
* [[Chamundaraja (Chahamana dynasty)|Chamunda-raja]] (c. 1040–1065 CE)
* [[Durlabharaja III|Durlabha-raja III]] (c. 1065–1070 CE), alias Duśala
* [[Vigraharaja III|Vigraha-raja III]] (c. 1070–1090 CE), alias Visala
* [[Prithviraja I|Prithvi-raja I]] (c. 1090–1110 CE)
* [[Ajayaraja II|Ajaya-raja II]] (c. 1110–1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
* [[Arnoraja|Arno-raja]] (c. 1135–1150 CE), alias Ana
* [[Jagaddeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Jagad-deva]] (c. 1150 CE)
* [[Vigraharaja IV|Vigraha-raja IV]] (c. 1150–1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
* [[Aparagangeya|Apara-gangeya]] (c. 1164–1165 CE)
* [[Prithviraja II|Prithvi-raja II]] (c. 1165–1169 CE)
* [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]] (c. 1169–1178 CE)
* [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithvi-raja III]] (c. 1178–1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan also Greatest ruler of dynasty
* [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja IV]] (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura]]
* [[Hariraja|Hari-raja]] (c. 1193–1194 CE), last ruler of dynasty
 
=== Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197 CE) ===
{{main|Chahamanas of Naddula}}
 
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
 
* [[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)|Lakshmana]] (c. 950–982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana
* [[Shobhita]] (c. 982–986)
* [[Baliraja]] (c. 986–990)
* [[Vigrahapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Vigrahapala]] (c. 990–994)
* [[Mahindu|Mahindra]] (c. 994–1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra
* [[Ashvapala]] (c. 1015–1019)
* [[Ahila]] (c. 1019–1024)
* [[Anahilla]] (c. 1024–1055)
* [[Balaprasada]] (c. 1055–1070)
* [[Jendraraja]] (c. 1070–1080)
* [[Prithvipala]] (c. 1080–1090)
* [[Jojalladeva]] (c. 1090–1110)
* [[Asharaja]] (c. 1110–1119), alias Ashvaraja
* [[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]] (c. 1119–1132)
* [[Rayapala]] (c. 1132–1145)
* [[Katukaraja]] (c. 1145–1148)
* [[Alhanadeva]] (c. 1148–1163)
* [[Kelhanadeva]] (c. 1163–1193)
* [[Jayatasimha]] (c. 1193–1197), last ruler of dynasty
 
===Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160–1311 CE)===
{{main|Chahamanas of Jalor}}
 
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |year=1979 |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |page=xvi |oclc=12737199}}</ref>
* [[Kirtipala|Kirti-pala]] (c. 1160–1182 CE)
* [[Samarasimha|Samara-simha]] (c. 1182–1204 CE)
* [[Udayasimha|Udaya-simha]] (c. 1204–1257 CE)
* [[Chachigadeva|Chachiga-deva]] (c. 1257–1282 CE)
* [[Samantasimha|Samanta-simha]] (c. 1282–1305 CE)
* [[Kanhadadeva|Kanhada-deva]] (c. 1292–1311 CE)
* [[Viramadeva|Virama-deva]] (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma |year=1959 |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |page=169 |isbn=978-0-8426-0618-9}}</ref>{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}}
 
===Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192–1301 CE)===
{{main|Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura}}
 
* [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja]] (1192 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Balhana-deva]] or [[Balhan]], son of Govinda
* Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana
* [[Viranarayana]] or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada
* [[Vagabhata]], son of Balhana; known as [[Bahar Deo]] in bardic chronicles
* [[Jaitra-simha]] or [[Jaitra Singh]]
* [[Hammiradeva|Hammira-deva]] or Hammir Dev (1301 CE), last & Greatest ruler of dynasty
 
==Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)==
{{main|Mlechchha dynasty|Kamarupa}}
 
* Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
* Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
* Palaka
* Kumara
* Vajradeva
* Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
* Balavarman II
* Jivaraja
* Digleswaravarman
* Salambha<ref>Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Mukunda Manhava |year=1978 |title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam |url=https://archive.org/details/inscriptionsofancientassammmsharmagauhatiuniversity1978c |place=Guwahati |publisher=Gauhati University |page=105}}</ref>
* Harjjaravarman (815–832)
* Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
* Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
* Balavarman III (860–880)
* Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty
 
==Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri (Chedi) (c. 675–1212 CE)==
{{main|Kalachuris of Tripuri}}
 
* Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
* Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
* Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
* Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the '''[[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Ratnapura Kalachuri branch]]'''
* Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
* Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
* Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
* Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
* [[Shankaragana III]] (970–980 CE)
* [[Yuvarajadeva II|Yuvaraja-deva II]] (980–990 CE)
* [[Kokalla II]] (990–1015 CE)
* [[Gangeyadeva|Gangeya-deva]] (1015–1041 CE)
* [[Lakshmikarna|Lakshmi-karna]] (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
* [[Yashahkarna|Yashah-karna]] (1073–1123 CE)
* [[Gayakarna|Gaya-karna]] (1123–1153 CE)
* [[Narasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Nara-simha]] (1153–1163 CE)
* [[Jayasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Jaya-simha]] (1163–1188 CE)
* [[Vijayasimha|Vijaya-simha]] (1188–1210 CE)
* [[Trailokyamalla (Kalachuri dynasty)|Trailokya-malla]] (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler<ref>{{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |title=Bhavabhuti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLGgZOzTYzsC&pg=PA376 |date=1974 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1180-5}}</ref>
 
==Garhwal Kingdom of Uttrakhand (c. 688–1949 CE)==
{{main|Garhwal Kingdom}}
 
[[Mola Ram]] the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work ''Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas'' (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kingdom that Mughals could never win |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/community/kingdom-that-mughals-could-never-win/199323.html |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=2018-01-29 |work=The Tribune }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge, Volume 6|publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company|year=1885|pages=451}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Rulers of Garhwal  - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs
|No.
|Name
|Reign
|Years Reigned
|No.
|Name
|Reign
|Years Reigned
|No.
|Name
|Reign
|Years Reigned
|-
|1
|[[Kanak Pal]]
|688–699
|11
|21
|21
|Vikram Pal
|35
|1116–1131
|Jit Pal
|15
|1311–1330
|41
|19
|Vijay Pal
|55
|1426–1437
|[[Sudarshan Shah]]
|11
|1804–1859
|55
|-
|-
|2
|16
|Shyam Pal  
|Jay Pal
|699–725
|1037–1055
|26
|18
|22
|Vichitra Pal
|1131–1140
|9
|42
|Sahaj Pal
|1437–1473
|36
|36
|Anant Pal II
|1330–1358
|28
|56
|Bhawani Shah
|1859–1871
|12
|-
|-
|3
|17
|Pandu Pal  
|Anant Pal I
|725–756
|1056–1072
|16
|37
|Ajay Pal
|1358–1389
|31
|31
|23
|57
|Hans Pal
|Pratap Shah
|1141–1152
|1871–1886
|15
|-
|18
|Anand Pal I
|1072–1083
|11
|11
|43
|38
|Bahadur Shah
|Kalyan Shah
|1473–1498
|1389–1398
|25
|9
|-
|58
|4
|Kirti Shah
|Abhijat Pal
|1886–1913
|756–780
|27
|24
|24
|Som Pal
|1152–1159
|7
|44
|Man Shah
|1498–1518
|20
|-
|-
|5
|Saugat Pal
|781–800
|19
|19
|25
|Vibhog Pal
|Kadil Pal
|1084–1101
|1159–1164
|17
|5
|39
|45
|Sundar Pal
|Shyam Shah
|1398–1413
|1518–1527
|15
|9
|59
|Narendra Shah
|1913–1946
|33
|-
|-
|6
|20
|Ratna Pal  
|Suvayanu Pal
|800–849
|1102–1115
|49
|13
|26
|40
|Kamadev Pal
|Hansadev Pal
|1172–1179
|1413–1426
|7
|13
|46
|60
|Mahipat Shah
|[[Manabendra Shah]]
|1527–1552
|1946–1949
|25
|3
|}
 
===Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)===
{{Main|Mallabhum kingdom}}
 
Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the [[Malla (tribe)|Malla]] kings of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], primarily in the present [[Bankura district]] in Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bishnupur |title=Bishnupur |quote="Mallabhum kingdom" |website=Britannica }}</ref> (also known as '''Mallabhoom'''),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steemers |first1=Koen |title=Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ...|publisher=James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd|isbn=1902916166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ee4XH1wFFFYC&q=Mallabhoom&pg=PA377|page=377|year=2000 }}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Name of the king<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Gautam Kumar |last2=Biswas |first2=Samira |last3=Mallik |first3=Rabiranjan |year=2009 |title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18 |publisher=A Mittal Publication |pages=31–43 |isbn=978-81-8324-294-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallik|first1=Abhaya Pada|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal|date=1921|publisher=Calcutta|pages=128–130|edition=the University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>
! Reign
|-
|[[Adi Malla]]
|694–710
|-
|-
|7
|[[Jay Malla]]
|Shali Pal
|710–720
|850–857
|-
|7
|Benu Malla
|27
|720–733
|Sulakshan Dev
|-
|1179–1197
|[[Kinu Malla]]
|18
|733–742
|47
|Prithvi Shah
|1552–1614
|62
|-
|-
|8
|Indra Malla
|Vidhi Pal
|742–757
|858–877
|19
|28
|Lakhan Dev
|1197–1220
|23
|48
|Medini Shah
|1614–1660
|46
|-
|-
|9
|[[Kanu Malla]]
|Madan Pal
|757–764
|877–894
|17
|29
|Anand Pal II
|1220–1241
|21
|49
|[[Fateh Shah]]
|1660–1708
|48
|-
|-
|10
|Dha (Jhau) Malla
|Bhakti Pal
|764–775
|895–919
|-
|24
|[[Shur Malla]]
|30
|775–795
|Purva Dev
|1241–1260
|19
|50
|Upendra Shah
|1708–1709
|1
|-
|-
|11
|Kanak Malla
|Jayachand Pal
|795–807
|920–948
|28
|31
|Abhay Dev
|1260–1267
|7
|51
|Pradip Shah
|1709–1772
|63
|-
|-
|12
|Kandarpa Malla
|Prithvi Pal
|807–828
|949–971
|22
|32
|Jayaram Dev
|1267–1290
|23
|52
|Lalit Shah
|1772–1780
|8
|-
|-
|13
|Sanatan Malla
|Medinisen Pal
|828–841
|972–995
|23
|33
|Asal Dev
|1290–1299
|9
|53
|Jayakrit Shah
|1780–1786
|6
|-
|-
|14
|[[Kharga Malla]]
|Agasti Pal
|841–862
|995–1014
|19
|34
|Jagat Pal
|1299–1311
|12
|54
|[[Pradyumna Shah]]
|1786–1804
|18
|-
|-
|15
|Durjan (Durjay) Malla
|Surati Pal
|862–906
|1015–1036
|21
|35
|Jit Pal
|1311–1330
|19
|55
|[[Sudarshan Shah]]
|1804–1859
|55
|-
|-
|16
|[[Yadav Malla]]
|Jay Pal
|906–919
|1037–1055
|-
|18
|Jagannath Malla
|36
|919–931
|Anant Pal II
|1330–1358
|28
|56
|Bhawani Shah
|1859–1871
|12
|-
|-
|17
|Birat Malla
|Anant Pal I
|931–946
|1056–1072
|16
|37
|Ajay Pal
|1358–1389
|31
|57
|Pratap Shah
|1871–1886
|15
|-
|-
|18
|Mahadev Malla
|Anand Pal I
|946–977
|1072–1083
|11
|38
|Kalyan Shah
|1389–1398
|9
|58
|Kirti Shah
|1886–1913
|27
|-
|-
|19
|Durgadas Malla
|Vibhog Pal
|977–994
|1084–1101
|-
|17
|[[Jagat Malla]]
|39
|994–1007
|Sundar Pal
|1398–1413
|15
|59
|Narendra Shah
|1913–1946
|33
|-
|-
|20
|Ananta Malla
|Suvayanu Pal
|1007–1015
|1102–1115
|13
|40
|Hansadev Pal
|1413–1426
|13
|60
|[[Manabendra Shah]]
|1946–1949
|3
|}
 
==Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)==
{{Main|Mallabhum kingdom}}
 
Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the [[Malla (tribe)|Malla]] kings of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], primarily in the present [[Bankura district]] in Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bishnupur |title=Bishnupur |quote="Mallabhum kingdom" |website=Britannica }}</ref> (also known as '''Mallabhoom''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steemers |first1=Koen |title=Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ...|publisher=James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd|isbn=1902916166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ee4XH1wFFFYC&q=Mallabhoom&pg=PA377|page=377|year=2000 }}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Name of the king<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Gautam Kumar |last2=Biswas |first2=Samira |last3=Mallik |first3=Rabiranjan |year=2009 |title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18 |publisher=A Mittal Publication |pages=31–43 |isbn=978-81-8324-294-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallik|first1=Abhaya Pada|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal|date=1921|publisher=Calcutta|pages=128–130|edition=the University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>
! Reign
!Notes
|-
|-
|[[Adi Malla]]
|Rup Malla
|694–710
|1015–1029
|
|-
|-
|[[Jay Malla]]
|Sundar Malla
|710–720
|1029–1053
|
|-
|-
|Benu Malla
|Kumud Malla
|720–733
|1053–1074
|
|-
|-
|[[Kinu Malla]]
|Krishna Malla
|733–742
|1074–1084
|
|-
|-
|Indra Malla  
|Rup II (Jhap) Malla
|742–757
|1084–1097
|
|-
|-
|[[Kanu Malla]]
|[[Prakash Malla]]
|757–764
|1097–1102
|
|-
|-
|Dha (Jhau) Malla
|Pratap Malla
|764–775
|1102–1113
|
|-
|-
|[[Shur Malla]]
|Sindur Malla
|775–795
|1113–1129
|
|-
|-
|Kanak Malla
|Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla
|795–807
|1129–1142
|
|-
|-
|Kandarpa Malla
|Banamali Malla
|807–828
|1142–1156
|
|-
|-
|Sanatan Malla
|Yadu/Jadu Malla
|828–841
|1156–1167
|
|-
|-
|[[Kharga Malla]]
|Jiban Malla
|841–862
|1167–1185
|
|-
|-
|Durjan (Durjay) Malla
|[[Ram Malla]]
|862–906
|1185–1209
|
|-
|-
|[[Yadav Malla]]
|Gobinda Malla
|906–919
|1209–1240
|
|-
|-
|Jagannath Malla
|[[Bhim Malla]]
|919–931
|1240–1263
|
|-
|-
|Birat Malla
|Katar(Khattar) Malla
|931–946
|1263–1295
|
|-
|-
|Mahadev Malla
|[[Prithwi Malla]]
|946–977
|1295 -1319
|
|-
|-
|Durgadas Malla
|Tapa Malla
|977–994
|1319–1334
|
|-
|-
|[[Jagat Malla]]
|[[Dinabandhu Malla]]
|994–1007
|1334–1345
|
|-
|-
|Ananta Malla
|Kinu/Kanu II Malla
|1007–1015
|1345–1358
|
|-
|-
|Rup Malla
|Shur Malla II
|1015=1029
|1358–1370
|
|-
|-
|Sundar Malla
|[[Shiv Singh Malla]]
|1029–1053
|1370–1407
|
|-
|-
|Kumud Malla
|[[Madan Malla]]
|1053–1074
|1407–1420
|
|-
|-
|Krishna Malla
|Durjan II (Durjay) Malla
|1074–1084
|1420–1437
|
|-
|-
|Rup II (Jhap) Malla
|Uday Malla
|1084–1097
|1437–1460
|
|-
|-
|[[Prakash Malla]]
|[[Chandra Malla]]
|1097–1102
|1460–1501
|
|-
|-
|Pratap Malla
|[[Bir Malla]]
|1102–1113
|1501–1554
|
|-
|-
|Sindur Malla
|[[Dhari Malla]]
|1113–1129
|1554–1565
|
|-
|-
|Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla
|[[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)]]
|1129–1142
|1565–1620
|
|-
|-
|Banamali Malla
|[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
|1142–1156
|1620–1626
|
|-
|-
|Yadu/Jadu Malla
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
|1156–1167
|1626–1656
|
|-
|-
|Jiban Malla
|[[Bir Singha Dev]]
|1167–1185
|1656–1682
|
|-
|-
|[[Ram Malla]]
|[[Durjan Singha Dev]]
|1185=1209
|1682–1702
|
|-
|-
|Gobinda Malla
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev II]]
|1209–1240
|1702–1712
|
|-
|-
|[[Bhim Malla]]
|[[Gopal Singha Dev]]
|1240–1263
|1712–1748
|
|-
|-
|Katar(Khattar) Malla
|[[Chaitanya Singha Dev]]
|1263–1295
|1748–1801
|
|-
|-
|[[Prithwi Malla]]
|[[Madhav Singha Dev]]
|1295 -1319
|1801–1809
|
|-
|-
|Tapa Malla
|[[Gopal Singha Dev II]]
|1319–1334
|1809–1876
|
|-
|-
|[[Dinabandhu Malla]]
|[[Ramkrishna Singha Dev]]
|1334–1345
|1876–1885
|
|-
|-
|Kinu/Kanu II Malla
|Dwhaja Moni Devi
|1345–1358
|1885–1889
|
|-
|-
|Shur Malla II
|[[Nilmoni Singha Dev]]
|1358–1370
|1889–1903
|
|-
|-
|[[Shiv Singh Malla]]
|Churamoni Devi (Regency)
|1370–1407
|1903–1930
|
|-
|-
|[[Madan Malla]]
|[[Kalipada Singha Thakur]]
|1407–1420
|1930–1947
|
|}
|-
 
|Durjan II (Durjay) Malla
===Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)===
|1420–1437
{{main|Chand kings}}
|
 
[[Badri Datt Pandey]], in his book ''Kumaun Ka Itihaas'' lists the Chand kings as following:
 
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 11pt"
|-
|-
|Uday Malla
!width="150" rowspan="1"| King
|1437–1460
!rowspan="1"|Reign
|
|-
|-
|[[Chandra Malla]]
| Som Chand
|1460–1501
| 700–721
|
|-
|-
|[[Bir Malla]]
| Atm Chand
|1501–1554
| 721–740
|
|-
|-
|[[Dhari Malla]]
| Purn Chand
|1554–1565
| 740–758
|
|-
|-
|[[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)]]
| Indra Chand
|1565–1620
| 758–778
|
|-
|-
|[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
| Sansar Chand
|1620–1626
| 778–813
|
|-
|-
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
| Sudha Chand
|1626–1656
| 813–833
|
|-
|-
|[[Bir Singha Dev]]
| Hamir Chand
|1656–1682
| 833–856
|
|-
|-
|[[Durjan Singha Dev]]
| Vina Chand
|1682–1702
| 856–869
|
|-
|-
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev II]]
| Vir Chand
|1702–1712
| 1065–1080
|
|-
|-
|[[Gopal Singha Dev]]
| Rup Chand
|1712–1748
| 1080–1093
|
|-
|-
|[[Chaitanya Singha Dev]]
| Laxmi Chand
|1748–1801
| 1093–1113
|
|-
|-
|[[Madhav Singha Dev]]
| Dharm Chand
|1801–1809
| 1113–1121
|
|-
|-
|[[Gopal Singha Dev II]]
| Karm Chand
|1809–1876
| 1121–1140
|
|-
|-
|[[Ramkrishna Singha Dev]]
| Ballal Chand
|1876–1885
| 1140–1149
|
|-
|-
|Dwhaja Moni Devi
| Nami Chand
|1885–1889
| 1149–1170
|
|-
|-
|[[Nilmoni Singha Dev]]
| Nar Chand
|1889–1903
| 1170–1177
|
|-
|-
|Churamoni Devi (Regency)
| Nanaki Chand
|1903–1930
| 1177–1195
|
|-
|-
|[[Kalipada Singha Thakur]]
| Ram Chand
|1930–1947
| 1195–1205
|
|}
 
==Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)==
{{main|Chand kings}}
 
[[Badri Datt Pandey]], in his book ''Kumaun Ka Itihaas'' lists the Chand kings as following:
 
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 11pt"
|-
|-
!width="150" rowspan="1"| King
| Bhishm Chand
!rowspan="1"|Reign
| 1205–1226
!rowspan="1"|Notes
|-
|-
| Som Chand
| Megh Chand
| 700–721
| 1226–1233
|
|-
|-
| Atm Chand  
| Dhyan Chand
| 721–740
| 1233–1251
|
|-
|-
| Purn Chand  
| Parvat Chand
| 740–758
| 1251–1261
|
|-
|-
| Indra Chand  
| Thor Chand
| 758–778
| 1261–1275
| Opened Silk Factories
|-
|-
| Sansar Chand
| Kalyan Chand II
| 778–813
| 1275–1296
|
|-
|-
| Sudha Chand
| Trilok Chand
| 813–833
| 1296–1303
|
|-
|-
| Hamir Chand
| Damaru Chand
| 833–856
| 1303–1321
|
|-
|-
| Vina Chand
| Dharm Chand
| 856–869
| 1321–1344
| Lost to Khas Kings
|-
|-
| Vir Chand
| Abhay Chand
| 1065–1080
| 1344–1374
|
|-
|-
| Rup Chand
| Garur Gyan Chand
| 1080–1093
| 1374–1419
|
|-
|-
| Laxmi Chand
| Harihar Chand
| 1093–1113
| 1419–1420
|
|-
|-
| Dharm Chand
| Udyan Chand
| 1113–1121
| 1420–1421
|
|-
|-
| Karm Chand
| Atma Chand II
| 1121–1140
| 1421–1422
|
|-
|-
| Ballal Chand
| Hari Chand II
| 1140–1149
| 1422–1423
|
|-
|-
| Nami Chand
| Vikram Chand
| 1149–1170
| 1423–1437
|
|-
|-
| Nar Chand
| Bharati Chand
| 1170–1177
| 1437–1450
|
|-
|-
| Nanaki Chand
| Ratna Chand
| 1177–1195
| 1450–1488
|
|-
|-
| Ram Chand
| Kirti Chand
| 1195–1205
| 1488–1503
|
|-
| Bhishm Chand
| 1205–1226
|
|-
|-
| Megh Chand
| Pratap Chand
| 1226–1233
| 1503–1517
|
|-
|-
| Dhyan Chand
| Tara Chand
| 1233–1251
| 1517–1533
|
|-
|-
| Parvat Chand
| Manik Chand
| 1251–1261
| 1533–1542
|
|-
|-
| Thor Chand
| Kalyan Chand III
| 1261–1275
| 1542–1551
|
|-
|-
| Kalyan Chand II
| Purna Chand
| 1275–1296
| 1551–1555
|  
|-
|-
| Trilok Chand
| Bhishm Chand
| 1296–1303
| 1555–1560
| Conquered Chhakhata<br />Built a fort at [[Bhimtal]]
|-
|-
| Damaru Chand
| Balo Kalyan Chand
| 1303–1321
| 1560–1568
|
|-
|-
| Dharm Chand
| Rudra Chand
| 1321–1344
| 1568–1597
| Defeated One Lakh Army of [[Delhi]] Sultan [[Muhammad Bin Tughluq]] under Khusrau Malik in his Qarachil Expedition
|
|-
|-
| Abhay Chand
| Laxmi Chand
| 1344–1374
| 1597–1621
|
|-
|-
| Garur Gyan Chand
| Dilip Chand
| 1374–1419
| 1621–1624
| Established authority over [[Bhabar]] and [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Terai]]; later lost them to nawab of [[Sambhal]], Recaptured it by defeating Turkish Nawab of [[Sambhal]] under General Nilu Kathait
|-
|-
| Harihar Chand
| Vijay Chand
| 1419–1420
| 1624–1625
|
|-
|-
| Udyan Chand
| Trimal Chand
| 1420–1421
| 1625–1638
| built [[Baleshwar Temple]] at [[Champawat]]<br />Captured Chaugarkha
|-
|-
| Atma Chand II
| Baz Bahadur Chand
| 1421–1422
| 1638–1678
|  
|-
|-
| Hari Chand II
| Udyot Chand
| 1422–1423
| 1678–1698
|  
|-
|-
| Vikram Chand
| Gyan Chand
| 1423–1437
| 1698–1708
| Completed [[Baleshwar Temple]]
|-
|-
| Bharati Chand
| Jagat Chand
| 1437–1450
| 1708–1720
| Defeated [[Doti]]
|-
|-
| Ratna Chand
| Devi Chand
| 1450–1488
| 1720–1726
| Defeated Bams of [[Pithoragarh|Sor]],<br />defeated [[Doti]] again
|-
|-
| Kirti Chand
| Ajit Chand
| 1488–1503
| 1726–1729
| annexed [[Almora district|Barahmandal]], [[Dwarahat|Pali]] and Faldakot,  Conquered [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] by defeating Ajaypal and made it vassal state of Kumaon
|-
|-
| Pratap Chand
| Kalyan Chand V
| 1503–1517
| 1729–1747
|
|-
|-
| Tara Chand
| Deep Chand
| 1517–1533
| 1747–1777
|
|-
|-
| Manik Chand
| Mohan Chand
| 1533–1542
| 1777–1779]]
|
|-
|-
| Kalyan Chand III
| Pradyumn Chand
| 1542–1551
| 1779–1786
|  
|-
|-
| Purna Chand
| Mohan Chand
| 1551–1555
| 1786–1788
|
|-
|-
| Bhishm Chand
| Shiv Chand
| 1555–1560
| 1788
| laid foundation stone of [[Almora|Alamnagar]]<br />lost [[Almora district|Barahmandal]] to Khas Sardar ''Gajuwathinga''
|-
|-
| Balo Kalyan Chand
| Mahendra Chand
| 1560–1568
| 1788–1790
| recaptured [[Almora district|Barahmandal]]<br />moved capital to Alamnagar and renamed it [[Almora]]<br />Annexed [[Mankot]] and [[Bageshwar district|Danpur]]
|}
|-
 
| Rudra Chand
=== Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE) ===
| 1568–1597
{{main|Katyuri kings}}
| Successfully defended [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Terai]] from nawab of [[Shahjahanpur|Kath and Gola]]<br />founded the city of [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]]<br />Annexed [[Didihat|Sira]]
The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King{{sfn|Handa|2002|p=28 to 32}}
|-
 
| Laxmi Chand
;List–
| 1597–1621
* Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
| built Laxmeswar and [[Bagnath Temple]] at [[Almora]] and [[Bageshwar]] respectively<br />Invaded [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] 7 times without any Success
* Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
|-
* Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
| Dilip Chand
* Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
| 1621–1624
* Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
|
* Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
|-
* Istanga (915–930 CE)
| Vijay Chand
* Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
| 1624–1625
* Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
|  
* Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
|-
* Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
| Trimal Chand
* Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
| 1625–1638
* Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
|
* Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
* Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
* Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE)
 
===Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)===
{{main|Varman dynasty of Kannauj}}
* [[Yashovarman]] (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Āma]]
* [[Dunduka]]
* [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] (ruled until 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |year=1999 |orig-year=First published 1988 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |edition=2nd |isbn=81-224-1198-3 |pages=264–668 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246}}</ref>
 
===Rashtrakuta Empire (c. 753–982 CE)===
{{main|Rashtrakuta Empire}}
 
{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:5%;"|Serial no.
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"| Regnal names
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"|Reign
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"|Notes
 
|-
|-
| Baz Bahadur Chand
|1
| 1638–1678
|[[Dantidurga]] (Founder)
| Captured [[Dehradun]] and Hindu Pilgrimage [[Kailash Mansarovar]] defeated [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and [[Tibet]], has his kingdom from ton river till karnali
|753–756 CE
|Founder of dynasty
|-
|-
| Udyot Chand
|2
| 1678–1698
|[[Krishna I]]
| Defeated combined armies of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and Doti
|756–774 CE
|
|-
|-
| Gyan Chand
|3
| 1698–1708
|[[Govinda II]]
| Defeated [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and expelled fateh shah from Srinagar
|774–780 CE
|
|-
|-
| Jagat Chand
|4
| 1708–1720
|[[Dhruva Dharavarsha]]
| Invaded [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and captured its capital [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]], defeated combined armies of [[Sikhs]]|Khalsa and [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]
|780–793 CE
|
|-
|-
| Devi Chand
|5
| 1720–1726
|[[Govinda III]]
| Made Afghani Daud Khan General of [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]] , looted [[Moradabad]] , [[Mughal Empire]] and captured villages of Mughals
|793–814 CE
|
|-
|6
|[[Amoghavarsha]]
|814–878 CE
| Longest reigning monarch and founded of [[Manyakheta]] city, which became the capital of the dynasty.<ref>[[Georg Bühler]], 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276</ref>
|-
|-
| Ajit Chand
|7
| 1726–1729
|[[Krishna II]]
|  
|878–914 CE
|
|-
|-
| Kalyan Chand V
|8
| 1729–1747
|[[Indra III]]
| Defeated [[Rohilla]]s
|914–929 CE
|
|-
|-
| Deep Chand
|9
| 1747–1777
|[[Amoghavarsha II]]
| Defeated [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] King Pradip Shah left him embarrassed
|929–932 CE
|
|-
|-
| Mohan Chand
|10
| 1777–1779
|[[Govinda IV]]
| Defeated by King Lalit Shah of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]
|930–935 CE
|
|-
|-
| Pradyumn Chand
|11
| 1779–1786
|[[Amoghavarsha III]]
| Son of king Lalit Shah of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]
|934–939 CE
|
|-
|-
| Mohan Chand
|12
| 1786–1788
|[[Krishna III]]
| Overthrew Pradyumn Shah; Became king for second time
|939–967 CE
|
|-
|-
| Shiv Chand
|13
| 1788
|[[Khottiga Amoghavarsha]]
|  
|967–972 C
|
|-
|-
| Mahendra Chand
|14
| 1788–1790
|[[Karka II]] or Amoghhavarsha IV
| Defeated by [[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkhas]]
|972–973 CE
|}
|
|-
|15
|[[Indra IV]] (only a claimer for the lost throne.)
|973–982 CE
| He was the only a claimer for the lost throne.
|-
|}


== Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE) ==
=== Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE) ===
{{main|Katyuri kings}}
The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King{{sfn|Handa|2002|p=28 to 32}}
 
;List–
* Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
* Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
* Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
* Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
* Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
* Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
* Istanga (915–930 CE)
* Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
* Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
* Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
* Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
* Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
* Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
* Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
* Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
* Bir Dev (Very short period till 1065 CE)
 
==Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)==
{{main|Varman dynasty of Kannauj}}
 
* [[Yashovarman]] (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Āma]]
* [[Dunduka]]
* [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |year=1999 |orig-year=First published 1988 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |edition=2nd |isbn=81-224-1198-3 |pages=264–668 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246}}</ref>
 
==Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)==
{{main|Rashtrakuta dynasty}}
 
* [[Dantidurga]] (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Krishna I]] (756–774 CE)
* [[Govinda II]] (774–780 CE)
* [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]] (780–793 CE)
* [[Govinda III]] (793–814 CE)
* [[Amoghavarsha]] I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of [[Manyakheta]] city, which became the capital of the dynasty.<ref>[[Georg Bühler]], 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276</ref>
* [[Krishna II]] (878–914 CE)
* [[Indra III]] (914–929 CE)
* [[Amoghavarsha II]] (929–932 CE)
* [[Govinda IV]] (930–935 CE)
* [[Amoghavarsha III]] (934–939 CE)
* [[Krishna III]] (939–967 CE)
* [[Khottiga Amoghavarsha]] (967–972 CE)
* [[Karka II]] or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
* [[Indra IV]] (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.
 
== Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE) ==
{{main|Tomara dynasty}}
{{main|Tomara dynasty}}


Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:<ref>{{cite book |editor=Alexander Cunningham |year=1871 |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884 |volume=I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmgSvB5B9I4C&pg=PA149 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=141–145 |oclc=421335527}}</ref>
Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:<ref>{{cite book |editor=Alexander Cunningham |year=1871 |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884 |volume=I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmgSvB5B9I4C&pg=PA149 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages=141–145 |oclc=421335527}}</ref>
* Khadag Rai's history of [[Gwalior]] (''[[Gopanchala Akhyana|Gopācala ākhyāna]]'')<!-- retain readlink as per wikipedia guidelines to encourage growth of new article.--> names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king [[Vikramaditya]]. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
* Khadag Rai's history of [[Gwalior]] (''[[Gopanchala Akhyana|Gopācala ākhyāna]]'')<!-- retain readlink as per wikipedia guidelines to encourage growth of new article.--> names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king [[Vikramaditya]]. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
* The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 [[Vikram Samvat]]).
* The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 [[Vikram Samvat]]).
Line 3,578: Line 2,861:
! Days
! Days
|-
|-
| 1  || Ananga Pāla || Bilan Dev ||  || 736 || 18 || 0 || 0  
| 1  || Ananga Pāla || Bilan Dev ||  || 736 || 18 || 0 || 0
|-
|-
| 2  || Vasu Deva ||  ||  || 754 || 19 || 1 || 18  
| 2  || Vasu Deva ||  ||  || 754 || 19 || 1 || 18
|-
|-
| 3  || Gangya || Ganggeva ||  || 773 || 21 || 3 || 28  
| 3  || Gangya || Ganggeva ||  || 773 || 21 || 3 || 28
|-
|-
| 4  || Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) || Prathama || Mahi Pāla || 794 || 19 || 6 || 19  
| 4  || Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) || Prathama || Mahi Pāla || 794 || 19 || 6 || 19
|-
|-
| 5  || Jaya Deva || Saha Deva || Jadu Pāla || 814 || 20 || 7 || 28  
| 5  || Jaya Deva || Saha Deva || Jadu Pāla || 814 || 20 || 7 || 28
|-
|-
| 6  || Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla || Indrajita (I) || Nai Pāla || 834 || 14 || 4 || 9  
| 6  || Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla || Indrajita (I) || Nai Pāla || 834 || 14 || 4 || 9
|-
|-
| 7  || Udiraj (or Adereh) || Nara Pāla || Jaya Deva Pāla || 849 || 26 || 7 || 11  
| 7  || Udiraj (or Adereh) || Nara Pāla || Jaya Deva Pāla || 849 || 26 || 7 || 11
|-
|-
| 8  || Vijaya (or Vacha) || Indrajita (II) || Chamra Pāla || 875 || 21 || 2 || 13  
| 8  || Vijaya (or Vacha) || Indrajita (II) || Chamra Pāla || 875 || 21 || 2 || 13
|-
|-
| 9  || Biksha (or Anek) || Vacha Raja || Bibasa Pāla || 897 || 22 || 3 || 16  
| 9  || Biksha (or Anek) || Vacha Raja || Bibasa Pāla || 897 || 22 || 3 || 16
|-
|-
| 10 || Rīksha Pāla || Vira Pāla || Sukla Pāla || 919 || 21 || 6 || 5  
| 10 || Rīksha Pāla || Vira Pāla || Sukla Pāla || 919 || 21 || 6 || 5
|-
|-
| 11 || Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) || Go-Pāla || Teja Pāla || 940 || 20 || 4 || 4  
| 11 || Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) || Go-Pāla || Teja Pāla || 940 || 20 || 4 || 4
|-
|-
| 12 || Go-Pāla || Tillan Dev || Mahi Pāla || 961 || 18 || 3 || 15  
| 12 || Go-Pāla || Tillan Dev || Mahi Pāla || 961 || 18 || 3 || 15
|-
|-
| 13 || Sallakshana Pāla || Suvari || Sursen || 979 || 25 || 10 || 10  
| 13 || Sallakshana Pāla || Suvari || Sursen || 979 || 25 || 10 || 10
|-
|-
| 14 || Jaya Pāla || Osa Pāla || Jaik Pāla || 1005 || 16 || 4 || 3  
| 14 || Jaya Pāla || Osa Pāla || Jaik Pāla || 1005 || 16 || 4 || 3
|-
|-
| 15 || Kunwar Pāla || Kumara Pāla ||  || 1021 || 29 || 9 || 18  
| 15 || Kunwar Pāla || Kumara Pāla ||  || 1021 || 29 || 9 || 18
|-
|-
| 16 || [[Anangpal Tomar|Ananga Pāla]] (or Anek Pāla) || Ananga Pāla || Anek Pāla || 1051 || 29 || 6 || 18
| 16 || [[Anangpal Tomar|Ananga Pāla]] (or Anek Pāla) || Ananga Pāla || Anek Pāla || 1051 || 29 || 6 || 18
|-
|-
| 17 || Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) || Teja Pāla || Teja Pāla || 1081 || 24 || 1 || 6  
| 17 || Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) || Teja Pāla || Teja Pāla || 1081 || 24 || 1 || 6
|-
|-
| 18 || Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) || Mahi Pāla || Jyūn Pāla || 1105 || 25 || 2 || 23  
| 18 || Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) || Mahi Pāla || Jyūn Pāla || 1105 || 25 || 2 || 23
|-
|-
| 19 || Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) || Mukund Pāla || Ane Pāla || 1130 || 21 || 2 || 15  
| 19 || Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) || Mukund Pāla || Ane Pāla || 1130 || 21 || 2 || 15
|-
|-
|    || [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)]] || Prithvi Pala ||  || 1151 ||  ||  ||
|    || [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)]] || Prithvi Pala ||  || 1151 ||  ||  ||
|}
|}
Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .


== Pala Empire (c. 750–1174 CE) ==
===Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)===
{{main|Pala Empire}}
{{main|Shilahara}}
{{List of Pala rulers}}
 
==Shilahara dynasty of Maharashtra (765–1265 CE)==
{{main|Shilahara}}


Shilahara Kingdom was split into '''three''' branches:
Shilahara Kingdom was split into '''three''' branches:
Line 3,640: Line 2,920:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


===South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)===
====South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)====


;List of rulers–
;List of rulers–
Line 3,654: Line 2,934:
# Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)
# Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)


===North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)===
====North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)====
;List of rulers–
;List of rulers–


Line 3,681: Line 2,961:
# [[Someshvara (Shilahara dynasty)|Someshvara]] (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty
# [[Someshvara (Shilahara dynasty)|Someshvara]] (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty


===Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)===
====Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)====
;List of rulers–
;List of rulers–


Line 3,701: Line 2,981:
# [[Bhoja II (Shilahara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (1175–1212 CE)
# [[Bhoja II (Shilahara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (1175–1212 CE)


==Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)==
===Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)===
{{main|Ayudha dynasty}}
{{main|Ayudha dynasty}}
* Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
* Indrayudha
* Chakrayudha (until 810){{sfn|Sen|1999|p=264}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Kannauj after Harsha |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1 |website=Jagran Josh|date=14 October 2015 }}</ref>


*Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
===Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)===
*Indrayudha
*Chakrayudha (till 810){{sfn|Sen|1999|p=264}}<ref name="https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1">{{cite web |title=Kannauj after Harsha |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/kannauj-after-harsha-1444825262-1 |website=Jagran Josh}}</ref>
 
==Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)==
{{main|Chandelas of Jejakabhukti}}
{{main|Chandelas of Jejakabhukti}}


Line 3,714: Line 2,993:


Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti ([[IAST]] names in brackets):<ref>{{cite book |last=Dikshit |first=R. K. |year=1976 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130 |publisher=Abhinav |page=25 |isbn=978-81-7017-046-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sullerey |first=Sushil Kumar |year=2004 |title=Chandella Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25 |publisher=Aakar Books |page=25|isbn=978-81-87879-32-9 }}</ref>
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti ([[IAST]] names in brackets):<ref>{{cite book |last=Dikshit |first=R. K. |year=1976 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130 |publisher=Abhinav |page=25 |isbn=978-81-7017-046-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sullerey |first=Sushil Kumar |year=2004 |title=Chandella Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25 |publisher=Aakar Books |page=25|isbn=978-81-87879-32-9 }}</ref>
* [[Nannuka]], (c. 831-845 CE)
* [[Nannuka]], (c. 831-845 CE)
* [[Vakpati (Chandela dynasty)|Vakpati]] (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
* [[Vakpati (Chandela dynasty)|Vakpati]] (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
Line 3,723: Line 3,001:
* [[Dhanga|Dhanga-Deva]] (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Dhanga|Dhanga-Deva]] (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Ganda (Chandela dynasty)|Ganda-Deva]] (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Ganda (Chandela dynasty)|Ganda-Deva]] (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Vidyadhara (Chandela king)|Vidyadhara]] (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)|Vidyadhara]] (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)<!-- Sullerey is based on latest inscription discoveries -->
* [[Vijayapala|Vijaya-Pala]] (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
* [[Vijayapala|Vijaya-Pala]] (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
* [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Deva-Varman]], (c. 1050-1060 CE)
* [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Deva-Varman]], (c. 1050-1060 CE)
Line 3,730: Line 3,008:
* [[Jayavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Jaya-Varman]], (c. 1110-1120 CE)
* [[Jayavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Jaya-Varman]], (c. 1110-1120 CE)
* [[Prithvivarman|Prithvi-Varman]] (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
* [[Prithvivarman|Prithvi-Varman]] (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
* [[Madanavarman|Madana-Varman]], (c. 1128-1165 CE)  
* [[Madanavarman|Madana-Varman]], (c. 1128-1165 CE)
* [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)|Yasho-Varman II]] (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
* [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)|Yasho-Varman II]] (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
* [[Paramardideva|Paramardi-Deva]], (c. 1165-1203 CE)  
* [[Paramardideva|Paramardi-Deva]], (c. 1165-1203 CE)
* [[Trailokyavarman|Trailokya-Varman]], (c. 1203-1245 CE)  
* [[Trailokyavarman|Trailokya-Varman]], (c. 1203-1245 CE)
* [[Viravarman|Vira-Varman]] (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)  
* [[Viravarman|Vira-Varman]] (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
* [[Bhojavarman|Bhoja-Varman]], (c. 1285-1288 CE)
* [[Bhojavarman|Bhoja-Varman]], (c. 1285-1288 CE)
* [[Hammiravarman|Hammira-Varman]] (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
* [[Hammiravarman|Hammira-Varman]] (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
* Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |year=2003 |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA199 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=199 |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}</ref>
* Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |year=2003 |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA199 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=199 |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}</ref>


==Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)==
===Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)===
{{main|Seuna (Yadava) dynasty}}
{{main|Seuna (Yadava) dynasty}}
* [[Dridhaprahara]]
* [[Dridhaprahara]]
* Seunachandra (850–874)
* Seunachandra (850–874)
Line 3,772: Line 3,049:
* Mallugi III (1318–1334)
* Mallugi III (1318–1334)


==Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 8th century to 1305 CE)==
=== Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE) ===
{{main|Paramara dynasty|Malwa}}
{{main|Paramara dynasty}}
{{see also|List of rulers of Malwa}}


According to historial 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."<ref>{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |year=1972 |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA329 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=329 |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9}}</ref>
According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."<ref>{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |year=1972 |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA329 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=329 |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9}}</ref>
The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:
The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:
* Upendra Krishnraja (late  8th to early 9th century CE)
* Vairisimha (I) (early 9th century CE)
* Siyaka (I) (mid of 9th century CE)
* Vakpati (I) (late 9th or early 10th century CE)
* Vairisimha (II) (middle 10th century CE)
* [[Siyaka]] (II) (940–972 CE)
* [[Vakpati Munja|Vakpati]] (II) alias Munja (972–990 CE)
* [[Sindhuraja]] (990–1010 CE)
* [[Bhoja]] (1010–1055 CE), greatest ruler of dynasty and also wrote [[Samarangana Sutradhara|Samarangana-Sutradhara]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uywqAQAAIAAJ |title=Sruti, Issues 184–195 |editor=P.N. Sundaresan |year=2000 |page=253 }}</ref>
* [[Jayasimha I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayasimha I]] (1055–1070 CE)
* [[Udayaditya]] (1070–1086 CE)
* [[Lakshmadeva]] (1086–1094 CE)
* [[Naravarman]] (1094–1130 CE)
* [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]] (1133–1142 CE)
* [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman I]] (1142–1143 CE)
* ''[[Interregnum]] from (1143 to 1175 CE)'' under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the [[Solanki dynasty|Solanki king]] [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]
* [[Vindhyavarman]] (1175–1194 CE)
* [[Subhatavarman]] (1194–1209 CE)
* [[Arjunavarman I]] (1210–1215 CE)
* [[Devapala (Paramara dynasty)|Devapala]] (1218–1239 CE)
* [[Jaitugideva]] (1239–1255 CE)
* [[Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman II]] (1255–1274 CE)
* [[Arjunavarman II]] (1274–1285 CE)
* [[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (1285–1301 CE)
* [[Mahalakadeva]] (1301–1305 CE), (after his death dynasty was ended in [[Malwa]] region)
== Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE) ==
{{main|Utpala dynasty}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Ruler !! Reign
|+List of Paramara dynasty rulers
! Serial No.
! Ruler
! Reign (CE)
|-
|-
| [[Avanti Varman (Utpala dynasty)|Avantivarman]] || 853/855 – 883 CE
|1
|[[Paramara dynasty#Origin|King Paramar]]
|(Legendary)
|-
|-
| [[Shankaravarman]] || 883 – 902 CE
|2
|[[Paramara dynasty#Early rulers|Upendra Krishnraja]]
|early 9th century
|-
|-
| Gopalavarman || 902 – 904 CE
|3
|[[Paramara dynasty#Origin|Vairisimha (I)]]
|early 9th century
|-
|-
| Sankata || 904 CE
|4
|[[Paramara dynasty#Origin|Siyaka (I)]]
|mid of 9th century
|-
|-
| [[Sugandha]] || 904 – 906 CE
|5
|[[Paramara dynasty#Origin|Vakpatiraj (I)]]
|late 9th to early 10th century
|-
|-
| Partha || 906 – 921 CE
|6
|[[Paramara dynasty#Origin|Vairisimha (II)]]
|mid of 10th century
|-
|-
| Nirjitavarman || 921 – 922 CE
|7
|[[Siyaka|Siyaka (II)]]
|940–972
|-
|-
| Chakravarman || 922 – 933 CE
|8
|[[Vakpati Munja|Vakpatiraj (II)]] alias ''Munja''
|972–990
|-
|-
| Shuravarman I || 933 – 934 CE
|9
|[[Sindhuraja]]
|990–1010
|-
|-
| Partha (2nd reign) || 934 – 935 CE
|10
|[[Bhoja]]
|1010–1055
|-
|-
| Chakravarman (2nd reign) || 935 CE
|11
|[[Jayasimha I (Paramara dynasty)|JayasimhaI]]
|1055–1070
|-
|-
| Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) || 935 – 936 CE
|12
|[[Udayaditya]]
|1070–1086
|-
|-
| Chakravarman (3rd reign) || 936 – 937 CE
|13
|[[Lakshmadeva]]
|1086–1094
|-
|14
|[[Naravarman]]
|1094–1133
|-
|15
|[[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]]
|1133–1142
|-
|-
| Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") || 937 – 939 CE
|16
|[[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman I]]
|1142–1143
|-
|-
| Shuravarman II || 939 CE
|17
|''[[Interregnum]] from (1143 to 1175 CE)'' under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the [[Solanki dynasty|Solanki king]] [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]
|1143–1175
|-
|-
| Yashaskara-deva || 939 CE
|18
|[[Vindhyavarman]]
|1175–1194
|-
|-
| Varnata || 948 CE
|19
|[[Subhatavarman]]
|1194–1209
|-
|-
| Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) || 948 CE
|20
|[[Arjunavarman I]]
|1210–1215
|-
|-
| Parvagupta || 948 – 950 CE
|21
|[[Devapala (Paramara dynasty)|Devapala]]
|1215/1218–1239
|-
|-
| Kshemagupta || 950 – 958 CE
|22
|[[Jaitugideva]]
|1239–1255
|-
|-
| Abhimanyu II || 958 – 972 CE
|23
|[[Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman II]]
|1255–1274
|-
|-
| Nandigupta || 972 – 973 CE
|24
|[[Arjunavarman II]]
|1274–1285
|-
|-
| Tribhuvanagupta || 973 – 975 CE
|25
|[[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]]
|1285–1301
|-
|-
| Bhimagupta || 975 – 980 CE
|26
|[[Mahalakadeva]]
|1301–1305
|-
|-
| [[Didda]] || 980 to 1009/1012 CE
|}
|}


[[Didda]] (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed [[Samgrāmarāja]], son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the '''[[Lohara dynasty]]'''.
After death of [[Mahalakadeva]] in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in [[Malwa]] region, but not in other [[Paramara dynasty#Branches and claimed descendants|Parmar states]].


==Pala dynasty (Kamarupa) (900–1100 CE)==
=== Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE) ===
{{main|Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)}}
{{main|Utpala dynasty}}


* [[Brahma Pala]] (900–920), founder of dynasty
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Ratna Pala]] (920–960)
! Ruler !! Reign
* [[Indra Pala]] (960–990)
|-
* [[Go Pala]], also Gopalavarman (990–1015)
| [[Avanti Varman (Utpala dynasty)|Avantivarman]] || 853/855 – 883 CE
* [[Harsha Pala]] (1015–1035)
|-
* [[Dharma Pala]] (1035–1060)
| [[Shankaravarman]]|| 883 – 902 CE
* [[Jaya Pala]] (1075–1100), last ruler of dynasty
|-
 
| Gopalavarman || 902 – 904 CE
==Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (910–1220 CE)==
|-
{{main|Paramaras of Chandravati}}
| Sankata || 904 CE
 
|-
*Utpala-raja or Utpalarāja (910–930 )
| [[Sugandha]] || 904 – 906 CE
*Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja (930–950)
|-
*Krishna-raja or Kṛṣṇarāja (950–979 )
| Partha || 906 – 921 CE
*Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha (970–990)
|-
*Dhurbhata or Dhūrbhaṭa (990–1000)
| Nirjitavarman || 921 – 922 CE
*Mahi-pala or Mahīpāla (1000–1020), son of Dharavaraha
|-
*Dhandhuka or Dhaṃdhuka (1020–1040 )
| Chakravarman || 922 – 933 CE
*Punya-pala or Purna-pala (1040–1050 )
|-
*Danti-varmman or Daṃtivarmman (1050–1060), son of Dhandhuka
| Shuravarman I || 933 – 934 CE
*Krishna-deva or Krishna-raja II (1060–1090), son of Dhandhuka
|-
*Kakkala-deva or Kakala-deva (1090–1115)
| Partha (2nd reign) || 934 – 935 CE
*Vikrama-simha or Vikramāsiṃha (1115–1145)
|-
*Yasho-dhavala or Yaśodhavala (1145–1160), great-grandson of Dantivarman through Yogaraja and Ramadeva
| Chakravarman (2nd reign) || 935 CE
*Rana-simha or Raṇāsiṃha, (son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha)
|-
*Dhara-varsha or Dhāravarṣa (1160–1220), son of Yashodhavala
| Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) || 935 – 936 CE
 
|-
==Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930–1842 CE) ==
| Chakravarman (3rd reign) || 936 – 937 CE
{{main|History of Ladakh}}
|-
 
| Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") || 937 – 939 CE
===Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930–1460 CE)===
|-
{{main|Maryul}}
| Shuravarman II || 939 CE
 
|-
Known Maryul rulers were:
| Yashaskara-deva || 939 CE
*[[Lhachen Palgyigon]] (c. 930 CE)
|-
*[[Lhachen Utpala]] (c. 1110 CE)
| Varnata || 948 CE
 
|-
===Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460–1842 CE)===
| Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) || 948 CE
{{main|Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh}}
|-
 
| Parvagupta || 948 – 950 CE
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |year=1977 |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c.&nbsp;950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |pages=171–172}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector|first=M. L.|last=Sali|date=20 April 1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170249641|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|first=H. N.|last=Kaul|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
#[[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460–1485)
| Kshemagupta || 950 – 958 CE
#Unknown (c. 1485–1510)
|-
#Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
| Abhimanyu II || 958 – 972 CE
#Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
|-
#Tashi Namgyal ('''BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1555-1575) son{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=28–29}}
| Nandigupta || 972 – 973 CE
#Tsewang Namgyal I (''Ts'e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1575–1595) nephew{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=31–32}}
|-
#Namgyal Gonpo (''rNam-rgyal-mgon-po'', c. 1595–1600) brother
| Tribhuvanagupta || 973 – 975 CE
#[[Jamyang Namgyal]] (''Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1595–1616) brother{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=33–37}}
|-
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (''Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal'', first time, 1616–1623) son{{sfn|Petech|1977|pp=38–56}}
| Bhimagupta || 975 – 980 CE
#Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother
|-
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (second time, 1624–1642)
| [[Didda]] || 980 to 1009/1012 CE
#Deldan Namgyal (''Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal'', 1642–1694) son
|}
#Delek Namgyal  (''Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1680–1691) son
#Nyima Namgyal  (''Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal'', 1694–1729) son
#Deskyong Namgyal (''Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1729–1739) son
#Phuntsog Namgyal (''P'un‐ts'ogs‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1739–1753) son
#Tsewang Namgyal II (''Ts'e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal'', 1753–1782) son
#Tseten Namgyal  (''Ts'e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1782–1802) son
#[[Tsepal Dondup Namgyal]] (''Ts'e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1802–1837, 1839–1840) brother
#Kunga Namgyal II (''Kun‐dga'‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1840–1842) grandson
 
*'''Later [[Ladakh]] was conquered by [[Sikh Empire]] in 1842 CE.'"
 
==Solanki dynasty (Chalukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)==
{{main|Chaulukya dynasty}}
 
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |author-link=Romila Thapar |year=2008 |title=Somanatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&pg=PA236 |publisher=Penguin |page=236 |isbn=9780143064688}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=A. K. Majumdar |year=1956 |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=199 |oclc=4413150 }}</ref>
 
* [[Mularaja]] ({{circa|940|995}})
* [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamundaraja]] ({{circa|996|1008}})
* [[Vallabharaja]] ({{circa|1008}})
* [[Durlabharaja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Durlabharaja]] ({{circa|1008|1022}})
* [[Bhima I]] ({{circa|1022|1064}})
* [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]] ({{circa|1064|1092}})
* [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] ({{circa|1092|1142}})
* [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] ({{circa|1142|1171}})
* [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]] ({{circa|1171|1175}})
* [[Mularaja II]] ({{circa|1175|1178}})
* [[Bhima II]] ({{circa|1178|1240}})
* [[Tribhuvanapala]] ({{circa|1240|1244}})
 
== Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE) ==
{{main |Kachchhapaghata dynasty}}
 
===Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch===
 
* Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
* Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
* Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
* Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
* Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
* Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
* Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
* Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
* Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)


===Dubkund (Dobha) branch===
[[Didda]] (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed [[Samgrāmarāja]], son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the '''[[Lohara dynasty]]'''.


* Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
=== Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE) ===
* Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
{{main|Somavamshi dynasty}}
* Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
* Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
* Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)


===Nalapura (Narwar) branch===
Historian [[Krishna Chandra Panigrahi]] provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Walter |title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC&pg=PA23 |year=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=23–24 |isbn=978-81-208-0793-8}}</ref>


* Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
{| class="wikitable"
* Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
! Name ([[IAST]]) !! Regnal name (IAST) !! Reign
* Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
|-
* Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite journal |author=Michael D. Willis |title=Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4264424 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |year=1996 |page=14 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506}}</ref><ref name="TSP_ASI_Kadwaha">{{cite web |url=http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |title=Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010) |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project) |location=Bhopal |access-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828191402/http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Janmejaya I || Mahābhavagupta I || c. 882–922
|-
| Yayāti I || Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) || c. 922–955
|-
| Bhīmaratha || Mahābhavagupta II || c. 955–980
|-
| Dharmaratha || Mahāśivagupta II || c. 980–1005
|-
| Nahuṣa (Nahusha) || Mahābhavagupta III || c. 1005–1021
|-
| Yayāti II || Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III || c. 1025–1040
|-
| Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) || Mahābhavagupta IV || c. 1040–1065
|-
| Janmejaya II || Mahāśivagupta IV || c. 1065–1085
|-
| Purañjaya || Mahābhavagupta V || c. 1085–1110
|-
| Karṇadeva || Mahāśivagupta V || c. 1100–1110
|}
 
=== Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE) ===
{{main|Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)}}


==Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)==
{| class="wikitable"
{{main|Jaipur State}}
! S.nu !! King !! Reign (CE)
{{see also|Kachhwaha|Dhundhar}}
|-
| 1 || [[Brahma Pala]] || 900–920
|-
| 2 || [[Ratna Pala]] || 920–960
|-
| 3 || [[Indra Pala]] || 960–990
|-
| 4 || [[Go Pala]] ''aka'' [[Go Pala|Gopalavarman]] || 990–1015
|-
| 5 || [[Harsha Pala]] || 1015–1035
|-
| 6 || [[Dharma Pala]] || 1035–1060
|-
| 7 || [[Jaya Pala]] || 1075–1100
|-
|}


Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and [[Dulha Rao]] defeated [[Meena]] of [[Dhundhar|Dhundhar kingdom]] & established [[Jaipur State|Kachwaha dynasty]], which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in [[Jaipur]] district of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n17 1] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref>
=== Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE) ===
{{main|Paramaras of Chandravati}}


===Rulers===
The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dániel Balogh |title=Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |series=Third Series |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=2012 |page=103 |jstor=41490376}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Dániel Balogh |title=A Copperplate Land Grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras |journal=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |volume=63 |issue=3 |year=2010 |pages=270 |doi=10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3 |jstor=23659005}}</ref> The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:


* 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)
{| class="wikitable"
* 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 [[Dulha Rao]] (d. 1036)
! Regional Name !! [[IAST]] Name !! Reign (CE)
* 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)
|-
* 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)
| Utpala-raja || Utpalarāja || c. 910–930
* 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)
|-
* 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)
| Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja || Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja || c. 930–950
* 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)
|-
* 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)
| Krishna-raja || Kṛṣṇarāja || c. 950–979
* 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)
|-
* 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)
| Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha || Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha || c. 970–990
* 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)
|-
* 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)
| Dhurbhata || Dhūrbhaṭa || c. 990–1000
* 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)
|-
* 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)
| Mahi-pala || Mahīpāla || c. 1000–1020
* 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)
|-
* 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)
| Dhandhuka || Dhaṃdhuka || c. 1020–1040
* 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)
|-
* 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 [[Prithviraj Singh I]] (d. 1527)<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1994 |orig-year=1984 |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31|publisher=Orient Longman |page=31 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 }}</ref>
| Punya-pala or Purna-pala || Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla || c. 1040–1050
* 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 [[Puranmal]] (d. 1534)<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=33}}</ref>
|-
* 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] (d. 1537)
| Danti-varmman || Daṃtivarmman || c. 1050–1060
* 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 [[Ratan Singh of Amber|Ratan Singh]] (d. 1548)
|-
* 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 [[Askaran]] (d. 1599)
| Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II || Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II || c. 1060–1090
* 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 [[Bharmal]] (d. 1574)
|-
* 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 [[Bhagwant Das]] (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
| Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva || Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva || c. 1090–1115
* 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 [[Man Singh]] (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
|-
* 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 [[Bhau Singh]] (d. 1621)
| Vikrama-simha || Vikramāsiṃha || c. 1115–1145
* 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 [[Jai Singh I]] (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
|-
* 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688:  [[Ram Singh I]] (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
| Yasho-dhavala || Yaśodhavala || c. 1145–1160
* 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699:  [[Bishan Singh]] (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
|-
* 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743:  [[Jai Singh II]] (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
| Rana-simha || Raṇāsiṃha || ?
* 1743 – 12 Dec 1750:  [[Ishvari Singh|Ishwari Singh]] (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
|-
* Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768:  [[Madho Singh I]] (b. 1728 – d. 1768)<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=259}}</ref>
| Dhara-varsha || Dhāravarṣa || c. 1160–1220
* 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778:  [[Prithvi Singh II]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=260}}</ref>
|}
* 1778 – 1803:  [[Pratap Singh of Jaipur|Pratap Singh]] (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
 
* 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh II]] (b. ... – d. 1818)
=== Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE) ===
* 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: [[Mohan Singh]] (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
{{main|History of Ladakh}}
* 25 Apr 1819 –  6 Feb 1835: [[Jai Singh III]] (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
 
* Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: [[Ram Singh II]] (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
==== Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE) ====
* 18 Sep 1880 –  7 Sep 1922: [[Madho Singh II]] (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
{{main|Maryul}}
* 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary):  [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
* 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): [[Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed [[Jaipur State]] with [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] in 1949 CE.<ref>Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Prasad|1966|pp=1–3}}</ref>


===Titular rulers===
;Known Maryul rulers are-
* [[Lhachen Palgyigon]] (c. 930 CE)
* [[Lhachen Utpala]] (c. 1110 CE)


* 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]]
==== Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE) ====
* 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: [[Bhawani Singh|Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
{{main|Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh}}
''Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the [[Indian Constitution]].''
* 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: [[Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
*17 Apr 2011 – present: [[Padmanabh Singh]] (b. 1998)


==Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000–1225 CE)==
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |year=1977 |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c.&nbsp;950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |pages=171–172}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector|first=M. L.|last=Sali|date=20 April 1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170249641|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|first=H. N.|last=Kaul|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
{{main|Kalachuris of Ratnapura}}
* [[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460–1485)
* ''Unknown ruler'' (c. 1485–1510)
* Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
* Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
* Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575)
* Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595)
* Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600)
* [[Jamyang Namgyal]] (c. 1595–1616)
* [[Sengge Namgyal]] (first rule, c. 1616–1623)
* Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624)
* [[Sengge Namgyal]] (second rule, c. 1624–1642)
* Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694)
* Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691)
* Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729)
* Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739)
* Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753)
* Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782)
* Tseten Namgyal  (c. 1782–1802)
* [[Tsepal Dondup Namgyal]] (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)
* Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842)


The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:<ref>{{cite book |author=P. C. Roy |chapter=The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura |title=The Coinage of Northern India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2Et2zZGJPUC&pg=PA18 |year=1980 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-122-5}}</ref>
;Later [[Ladakh]] was conquered by [[Sikh Empire]] in 1842 CE.


* Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
===Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)===
* Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
{{main|Chaulukya dynasty}}
* Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
* Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
* Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
* [[Ratnadeva II|Ratna-Deva II]] (1120–1135 CE)
* [[Prithvi-deva II]] (1135–1165 CE)
* Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
* Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
* Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
* Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
* Parmardi Dev (governor of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]])


==Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)==
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:<ref>{{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |author-link=Romila Thapar |year=2008 |title=Somanatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&pg=PA236 |publisher=Penguin |page=236 |isbn=9780143064688}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=A. K. Majumdar |year=1956 |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=199 |oclc=4413150 }}</ref>
{{main|Hoysala Empire}}
* [[Mularaja]] ({{circa|940|995}})
* [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamundaraja]] ({{circa|996|1008}})
* [[Vallabharaja]] ({{circa|1008}})
* [[Durlabharaja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Durlabharaja]] ({{circa|1008|1022}})
* [[Bhima I]] ({{circa|1022|1064}})
* [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]] ({{circa|1064|1092}})
* [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] ({{circa|1092|1142}})
* [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] ({{circa|1142|1171}})
* [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]] ({{circa|1171|1175}})
* [[Mularaja II]] ({{circa|1175|1178}})
* [[Bhima II]] ({{circa|1178|1240}})
* [[Tribhuvanapala]] ({{circa|1240|1244}})


* Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
=== Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE) ===
{{Hoysala Kings Infobox}}
{{main |Kachchhapaghata dynasty}}


==Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)==
====Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch====
{{main|Lohara dynasty}}
* Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
 
* Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
The '''Lohara dynasty''' were [[Hindu]] rulers of [[Kashmir]] from the [[Khasas|Khasa tribe]],{{sfn|Stein|1989b|p=433}}{{sfn|Thakur|1990|p=287}} in the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]], between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the [[Samgramaraja]], the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the [[Utpala dynasty]] Queen [[Didda]].
* Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
 
* Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
===First Lohara dynasty ===
* Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
* Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
* Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
* Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
* Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
* Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)


{| class="wikitable"
====Dubkund (Dobha) branch====
! Ruler !! Reign{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133-138}} !! Ascension year !! Notes
* Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
|-
* Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
| [[Sangramaraja]] (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) || 25 Years|| 1003 CE || Nephew of Didda. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning [[Lohara dynasty]]'s rule over Kashmir
* Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
|-
* Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
| Hariraja || 22&nbsp;days || 1028 CE ||
* Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)
|-
| [[Ananta (king)|Ananta-deva]] || 35 Years|| 1028 CE || Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara
|-
| Kalasha (Ranaditya II) || 26 Years|| 1063 CE || Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by [[sati (practice)|sati]]-suicide by his mother. His son Harsha revolted against him, and was imprisoned.
|-
| Utkarsha || 22&nbsp;days || 1089 CE || Second son of Kalasha. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide
|-
| [[Harsha of Kashmir|Harsha]] || 12 Years|| died in 1101&nbsp;CE ||[[File:Harshadeva of Kashmir 1089-1101 CE.jpg|150px|right|Harshadeva of Kashmir 1089-1101 CE]] In his early years, he was a sagacious king, and a patron of art and literature. The later years of his reign were marked by unsuccessful military campaigns, resulting in excessive taxation and plundering of temples. Revolts by his generals [[Uchchala]] and Sussala (of Lohara family) ended his reign. His son Bhoja was killed, and Harsha himself was killed by Uchchala's men while hiding in a village.
|}


===Second Lohara dynasty ===
====Nalapura (Narwar) branch====
* Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
* Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
* Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite journal |author=Michael D. Willis |title=Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4264424 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |year=1996 |page=14 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |title=Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010) |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project) |location=Bhopal |access-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828191402/http://www.tspasibhopal.nic.in/project/expl_Khadwaha_Ashok_nagar_mp_2009_10/temple_of_kadwaha.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
===Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)===
! Ruler{{sfn|Stein|1979|pp=133-138}} !! Notes
{{main|Jaipur State}}
|-
{{see also|Kachhwaha|Dhundhar}}
| [[Uchchala]] || Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Murdered by Radda.
|-
| Radda (Shankharaja) || Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara
|-
| Salhana || Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned.
|-
| Sussala || Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support
|-
| Bhikshachara || Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Brought up by [[Naravarman]], the king of [[Malwa|Malava]]. Deposed Sussala.
|-
| Sussala (2nd reign) || Within 6&nbsp;months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war
|-
| Jayasimha (Sinha-deva) || Sussala's son. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign.
|}


==Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE) ==
Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and [[Dulha Rao]] defeated [[Meena]] of [[Dhundhar|Dhundhar kingdom]] and established the [[Jaipur State|Kachwaha dynasty]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n17 1] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref> which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in [[Jaipur]] district of [[Rajasthan]].
{{main|Khasa Malla kingdom}}


The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by [[Giuseppe Tucci]] is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:{{sfn|Tucci|1956|p=66}}
====Rulers====
* 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3">{{harvtxt|Prasad|1966|pp=1–3}}</ref>
* 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 [[Dulha Rao]] (d. 1036)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)<ref name="Prasad1966p1-3" />
* 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 [[Prithviraj Singh I]] (d. 1527)<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1994 |orig-year=1984 |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31|publisher=Orient Longman |page=31 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 }}</ref>
* 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 [[Puranmal]] (d. 1534)<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=33}}</ref>
* 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] (d. 1537)
* 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 [[Ratan Singh of Amber|Ratan Singh]] (d. 1548)
* 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 [[Askaran]] (d. 1599)
* 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 [[Bharmal]] (d. 1574)
* 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 [[Bhagwant Das]] (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
* 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 [[Man Singh]] (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
* 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 [[Bhau Singh]] (d. 1621)
* 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 [[Jai Singh I]] (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
* 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: [[Ram Singh I]] (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
* 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: [[Bishan Singh]] (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
* 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: [[Jai Singh II]] (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
* 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: [[Ishvari Singh|Ishwari Singh]] (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
* Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: [[Madho Singh I]] (b. 1728 – d. 1768)<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=259}}</ref>
* 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: [[Prithvi Singh II]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1994|p=260}}</ref>
* 1778 – 1803: [[Pratap Singh of Jaipur|Pratap Singh]] (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
* 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh II]] (b. ... – d. 1818)
* 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: [[Mohan Singh]] (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
* 25 Apr 1819 –  6 Feb 1835: [[Jai Singh III]] (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
* Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: [[Ram Singh II]] (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
* 18 Sep 1880 –  7 Sep 1922: [[Madho Singh II]] (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
* 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
* 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): [[Sawai Man Singh II]] (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed [[Jaipur State]] with [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] in 1949 CE.<ref>Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10</ref>
 
====Titular rulers====
* 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: [[Man Singh II|Sawai Man Singh II]]
* 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: [[Bhawani Singh|Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
''Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the [[Indian Constitution]].''
* 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: [[Sawai Bhawani Singh]] (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
* 17 Apr 2011 – present: [[Padmanabh Singh]] (b. 1998)
 
===Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)===
{{main|Hoysala Empire}}
* Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
{{Hoysala Kings sidebar}}
 
===Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)===
{{main|Lohara dynasty}}


;List–
The '''Lohara dynasty''' were [[Hindu]] rulers of [[Kashmir]] from the [[Khasas|Khasa tribe]],{{sfn|Stein|1989b|p=433}}{{sfn|Thakur|1990|p=287}} in the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]], between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the [[Samgramaraja]], the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the [[Utpala dynasty]] Queen [[Didda]].
* Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
 
* Chaap/Cāpa
==== First Lohara dynasty ====
* Chapilla/Cāpilla
{| class="wikitable"
* Krashichalla
! Ruler !! Reign<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1979 |orig-year=First published 1900 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=1 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |pages=133–138|isbn=9780896841017}}</ref>
* Kradhichalla
!! Ascension year
* Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
|-
* Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
| [[Sangramaraja]] (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) || 25 Years|| 1003 CE
* Jitari Malla
|-
| Hariraja || 22&nbsp;days || 1028 CE
|-
| [[Ananta (king)|Ananta-deva]] || 35 Years|| 1028 CE
|-
| Kalasha (Ranaditya II) || 26 Years|| 1063 CE
|-
| Utkarsha || 22&nbsp;days || 1089 CE
|-
| [[Harsha of Kashmir|Harsha]] || 12 Years|| died in 1101&nbsp;CE
|}
 
==== Second Lohara dynasty ====
* Radda (Shankharaja)
* Salhana
* Sussala
* Bhikshachara
* Sussala (2nd reign)
* Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)
 
=== Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE) ===
{{main|Khasa Malla kingdom}}
 
The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by [[Giuseppe Tucci]] is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:{{sfn|Tucci|1956|p=66}}
 
;List–
* Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
* Chaap/Cāpa
* Chapilla/Cāpilla
* Krashichalla
* Kradhichalla
* Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
* Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
* Jitari Malla
* Ananda Malla
* Ananda Malla
* Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
* Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
Line 4,130: Line 3,519:
* Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)
* Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)


==Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE)==
=== Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE) ===
{{main|Kalahandi State}}
* Raghunath Sai (1005–1040)
* Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072)
* Birabar Deo (1072–1108)
* Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142)
* Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173)
* Harichandra Deo (1173–1201)
* Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234)
* Gopinath Deo (1234–1271)
* Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306
* Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337)
* Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366)
* Haria Deo (1366–1400)
* Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436)
* Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468)
* Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496)
* Anku Deo (1496–1528)
* Pratap Deo (1528–1564)
* Raghunath Deo (1564–1594)
* Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627)
* Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658)
* Dusmant Deo (1658–1693)
* Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721)
* Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747)
* Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771)
* Purusottam Deo (1771–1796)
* Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831)
* Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853)
* Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881)
* Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897)
* [[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]] (1897–1917)
* Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939)
* [[Pratap Keshari Deo]] (1939–1947)
 
=== Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE) ===
{{main|Sena dynasty}}
{{main|Sena dynasty}}


* [[Hemanta Sen]] (1070–1096), founder of dynasty
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Vijay Sen]] (1096–1159)
|+List of Sena dynasty rulers
* [[Ballal Sen]] (1159–1179)
! Serial No.
* [[Lakshman Sen]] (1179–1206)
! Ruler
* [[Vishwarup Sen]] (1206–1225)
! Reign (CE)
* [[Keshab Sen]] (1225–1230), last ruler
|-
 
|1
==Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)==
|[[Hemanta Sen]]
{{anchor|Kakatiya dynasty}}
|1070–1096
{{main|Kakatiya dynasty}}
|-
* Beta I (1000–1030)
|2
|[[Vijay Sen]]
|1096–1159
|-
|3
|[[Ballal Sen]]
|1159–1179
|-
|4
|[[Lakshman Sen]]
|1179–1206
|-
|5
|[[Vishwarup Sen]]
|1206–1225
|-
|6
|[[Keshab Sen]]
|1225–1230
|-
|}
 
===Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)===
{{anchor|Kakatiya dynasty}}
{{main|Kakatiya dynasty}}
* Beta I (1000–1030)
* Prola I (1030–1075)
* Prola I (1030–1075)
* Beta II (1075–1110)
* Beta II (1075–1110)
* [[Prola II]] (1110–1158)
* [[Prola II]] (1110–1158)
* Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
* Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
* Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
* Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
* Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
* Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
Line 4,153: Line 3,602:
* Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]
* Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]


==Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)==
===Gahadavala dynasty (1072–1237)===
{{Main | Gahadavala dynasty}}
{{Main | Gahadavala dynasty}}


;List of rulers–
;List of rulers–
* [[Chandradeva]] (c. 1089–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Chandradeva]] (c. 1072–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Madanapala (Gahadavala dynasty)|Madanapala]] (c. 1104–1113 CE)
* [[Madanapala (Gahadavala dynasty)|Madanapala]] (c. 1104–1113 CE)
* [[Govindachandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Govindachandra]] (c. 1114–1155 CE
* [[Govindachandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Govindachandra]] (c. 1114–1155 CE
* [[Vijayachandra]] (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
* [[Vijayachandra]] (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
* [[Jayachandra]] (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
* [[Jayachandra]] (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
* [[Harishchandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Harishchandra]] (c. 1194–1197 CE), last ruler of dynasty{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=272}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|pp=115–117}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=38}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=41}}
* [[Harishchandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Harishchandra]] (c. 1194– ?? CE),
* Adakkamalla (c. ?–1237 CE) last ruler of dynasty{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=272}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|pp=115–117}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=38}}{{sfn|Niyogi|1959|p=41}}


==Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097–1324 CE)==
===Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)===
{{main|Karnat dynasty}}
{{main|Karnat dynasty}}
{{see also|History of Mithila}}
;List of rulers–<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hodgson |first1=B. H. |year=1835 |title=Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society |volume=4  |pages=121−124 |url=https://archive.org/details/JournalOfTheAsiaticSocietyOfBengalVolIv1835}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JO4toCiJ2ecC |title=Mithilak Itihas |last=Chaudhary |first=Radhakrishna |publisher=Ram Vilas Sahu |isbn=9789380538280 |pages=70–112 |language=hi}}</ref>


;List of rulers–
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! S.N. !! Name of the rulers !! Timeline !! Notes
! S.N. !! Ruler !! Regin
|-
|-
| 1 || [[Nanyadeva]].<ref name='Visit'>{{cite journal |last1=Hodgson |first1=B. H. |year=1835 |title=Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society |volume=4  |pages=121−124 |url=https://archive.org/details/JournalOfTheAsiaticSocietyOfBengalVolIv1835}}</ref> || 1097 - 1147 CE<ref name='Mithila'>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JO4toCiJ2ecC |title=Mithilak Itihas |trans-title=मिथिलाक इतिहास|last=Chaudhary |first=Radhakrishna |publisher=Ram Vilas Sahu |isbn=9789380538280 |pages=70–112 |language=hi}}</ref> ||  
| 1 || [[Nanyadeva]] || 1097–1147
|-
|-
| 2 || [[Gangadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1147 - 1187 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||  
| 2 || [[Gangadeva]] || 1147–1187
|-
|-
| 3 || [[Narsimhadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1187 - 1227 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||  
| 3 || [[Narsimhadeva]] || 1187–1227
|-
|-
| 4 || [[Ramasimhadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1227 - 1285 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||  
| 4 || [[Ramasimhadeva]] || 1227–1285
|-
|-
| 5 || Shaktisimhadeva<ref name='Visit'/> || 1285 - 1295 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||  
| 5 || [[Karnat dynasty|Shaktisimhadeva]] || 1285–1295
|-
|-
| 6 || [[Harisimhadeva]]<ref name='Visit'/> || 1295 - 1324 CE<ref name='Mithila'/> ||  
| 6 || [[Harisimhadeva]] || 1295–1324
|}
|}


==Zamorin dynasty of Calicut (1124–1806 CE)==
===Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)===
{{Main|Zamorin}}
{{main|Chutia Kingdom}}
;List of rulers:
* Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
* Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
* Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
* Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
* Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
* Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
* Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
* Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
* Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
* Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
* Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
* Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
* Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
* Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
* Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
* Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty
 
== Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE) ==


;List of rulers–
=== Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE) ===
{{main|List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
====Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)====
|-
{{main|Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)}}
! No. of Zamorin !! Name !! Reign !! Important events
* [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] (1206–1210)
|-
* [[Aram Shah]] (1210–1211)
| 1 || Mana Vikrama (Manikkan) || N/A || The legendary founder of the ruling family.
* [[Iltutmish|Shams-ud-din Iltutmish]] (1211–1236)
|-
* [[Rukn ud din Firuz|Rukn-ud-din Firuz]] (1236)
| 27 || || 8 years || Kozhikode city is established
* [[Razia Sultana|Raziyyat ud din Sultana]] (1236–1240)
|-
* [[Muiz ud din Bahram|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]] (1240–1242)
| 65 || || 1339–1347 || [[Ibn Battuta]] at Kozhikode (1342–1347)
* [[Ala ud din Masud|Ala-ud-din Masud]] (1242–1246)
|-
* [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]] (1246–1266)
| 73 || || 1402–1410 || [[Ma Huan]] at Kozhikode (1403)
* [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Ghiyas-ud-din Balban]] (1266–1286)
|-
* [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad|Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad]] (1286–1290)
| 78 || || 1442–1450 || The visits of [[Abdur Razzaq (traveller)|Abdur Razzak]] (1442) and [[Niccolò de' Conti]] (1444)
 
|-
====Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)====
| 81 || Mana Vikrama the Great || 1466–1474 || [[Athanasius Nikitin]] (1468–1474) visits Kozhikode.
{{main|Khalji dynasty}}
|-
* [[Jalal-ud-din Khalji|Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji]] (1290–1296)
| 82 || Mana Veda || 1474–1482 ||
* [[Alauddin Khalji]] (1296–1316)
|-
* [[Shihabuddin Omar|Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khalji]] (1316)
| 84 || || 1495–1500 || The arrival of [[Vasco da Gama]] (1498)
* [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah|Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji]] (1316–1320)
|-
 
| 85 || || 1500–1513 || The occupations of Kochi (1503–1504)
====Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)====
|-
{{main|Tughlaq dynasty}}
| 86 || || 1513–1522 || Treaty with Portuguese (1513), and the erection of the Portuguese fort at Calicut (1514)
* [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]] (1321–1325)
|-
* [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughluq I]] (1325–1351)
| 87 || || 1522–1529 || The expulsion of Portuguese from Calicut
* [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (1351–1388)
|-
* [[Tughluq Khan|Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II]] (1388–1389)
| 88 || || 1529–1531 || The building of Portuguese fort at Chaliyam (1531)
* [[Abu Bakr Shah]] (1389–1390)
|-
* [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III|Muhammad Shah Tughluq III]] (1390–1394)
| 89 || || 1531–1540 || Battles with the Portuguese
* [[Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah|Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq]] (1394)
|-
* [[Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV]] (1394–1413)
| 90 || || 1540–1548 || Treaty with Portuguese (1540)
 
|-
After the invasion of [[Timur]] in 1398, the governor of [[Multan]], [[Khizr Khan]] abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
| 91 || || 1548–1560 || Adoption of the chief of Bardela (150) and the battles with the Portuguese.
 
|-
====Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)====
| 92 || Viraraya || 1560–1562 ||
{{main|Jaunpur Sultanate}}
|-
* Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
| 93 || Mana Vikrama || 1572–1574 || The expulsion of the Portuguese from Chaliyam (1571)
* Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
|-
* Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
| 94 || || 1574–1578 || Battles with the Portuguese
* Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
|-
* Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
| 95 || || 1578–1588 || The Portuguese allowed a factory at Ponnani (1584)
* Hussain Shah (1458–1479)
 
====Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)====
{{main|Sayyid dynasty}}
* [[Khizr Khan]] (1414–1421)
* [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] (1421–1434)
* [[Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Muhammad Shah]] (1434–1445)
* [[Alam Shah]] (1445–1451)
 
====Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)====
{{main|Lodi dynasty}}
* [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]] (1451–1489)
* [[Sikandar Khan Lodi]] (1489–1517)
* [[Ibrahim Khan Lodi]] (1517–1526), defeated by [[Babur]] (who replaced the [[Lodi Empire]] with the [[Mughal Empire]])
 
=== Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE) ===
{{main|Kadava dynasty}}
* Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
* Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)
 
=== Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE) ===
{{main|Kingdom of Marwar|Rathore dynasty}}
 
==== Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur ====
 
===== Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE) =====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
| 96 || || 1588–1597 || The settlement of the Portuguese at Calicut (1591)
! colspan=2 | Name
! Reign began
! Reign ended
|-
|-
| 97 || || 1597–1599 || Battles with Marakkar (1598–1599)
! 1
| Rao Siha
| 1226
| 1273
|-
|-
| 98 || || 1599–1604 || Capture of Marakkar's stronghold (1600)
! 2
| Rao Asthan
| 1273
| 1292
|-
|-
| 99 || || 1604–1617 || Siege of Cannanore (1604–1617) and treaties with the Dutch (1604 and 1608) and the English (1615)
! 3
| Rao Doohad
| 1292
| 1309
|-
|-
| 100 || Mana Vikrama || 1617–1627 ||
! 4
| Rao Raipal
| 1309
| 1313
|-
|-
| 101 || || 1627–1630 ||
! 5
| Rao Kanhapal
| 1313
| 1323
|-
|-
| 102 || || 1630–1637 ||
! 6
| Rao Jalansi
| 1323
| 1328
|-
|-
| 103 || Mana Vikrama (Saktan Tampuran) || 1637–1648 || The uncle of the author of the ''Krishnanatakam''
! 7
| Rao Chado
| 1328
| 1344
|-
|-
| 104 || ''Tiruvonam Tirunal'' || 1648–1655 ||
! 8
| Rao Tida
| 1344
| 1357
|-
|-
| 105 || Mana Veda || 1655–1658 || The author of the ''Krishnanatakam''
! 9
| Rao Kanha Dev
| 1357
| 1374
|-
|-
| 106 || ''Asvati Tirunal'' || 1658–1662 || The expulsion of the Portuguese from Kodungallur (1662)
! 10
| Rao Viram Dev
| 1374
| 1383
|-
|-
| 107 || ''Puratam Tirunal'' || 16621666 || The expulsion of Portuguese from Kochi (1663)
! 11
| Rao Chandra
|1383
|1424
|-
|-
| 108 || || 1666–1668 || Battles with the Dutch
! 12
| Rao Kanha
| 1424
| 1427
|-
|-
| 109 || || 1668–1671 || The destruction of the Cheraman Sword
! 13
|-
| Rao [[Ranmal]]
| 110 || ''Uttrattati Tirunal'' || 1671–1684 || Cession of Chetwai to the Dutch
| 1427
| 1438
|-
|-
| 111 || ''Bharani Tirunal'' Mana Vikrama<ref name="worldstate">{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html |title=Indian Princely States K-Z |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |access-date=2015-12-23}}</ref> || 1684–1705 || The terror of the Dutch. Two Mamankams (1694 and 1695)
|}
 
===== Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE) =====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
| 112 || Nileswaram Tirunal || 1705–1711 || Adoptions from Nileswaram (1706 and 1707)
! colspan=2 | Name
! Reign began
! Reign ended
|-
|-
| 113 || || 1711–1729 || The Dutch War (1715–1718)
! 1
| Rao [[Jodha of Mandore|Jodha]]
| 12 May 1438
| 6 April 1489
|-
|-
| 114 || Mana Vikrama || 1729–1741 ||
! 2
| Rao [[Satal Rathore of Marwar|Satal]]
| 6 April 1489
| March 1492
|-
|-
| 115 || Zamorin from Kilakke Kovilakam || 1741–1746 ||
! 3
| Rao [[Suja Rathore of Marwar|Suja]]
| March 1492
| 2 October 1515
|-
|-
| 116 || Putiya Kovilakam || 1746–1758 || The Dutch War (1753–1758)
! 4
| Rao [[Biram Singh Rathore of Marwar|Biram Singh]]
| 2 October 1515
| 8 November 1515
|-
|-
| 117 || Kilakke Kovilakam || 1758–1766 || Battles with Travancore and the invasion of Mysore, committed suicide. Annexed by Mysore.
! 5
| Rao [[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Ganga]]
| 8 November 1515
| 9 May 1532
|-
|-
| 118|| Putiya Kovilakam|| 1766–1788 ||
! 6
| [[Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]]
| 9 May 1532
| 7 November 1562
|-
|-
| 119 || Kerala Varma Vikrama (Putiya Kovilakam)|| 1788–1798 || Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
! 7
| [[Rao Chandra Sen]]
| 7 November 1562
| 1581
|-
|-
| 120 || Krishna Varma (Putiya Kovilakam) || 1798–1806 || Agreement of 1806 with EIC (died in 1816)
! 8
|}<ref name="ayyar">{{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=K. V. |year=1999 |title=The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806 |publisher=Publication Division, University of Calicut |page=14 |isbn=978-81-7748-000-9}}</ref>
| [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]]
 
| 4 August 1583
== Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (c. 1130–1184 CE) ==
| 11 July 1595
{{main|Kalachuris of Kalyani}}
 
;List of rulers–
* [[Bijjala II]] (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from [[Western Chalukya Empire|Kalyani Chalukyas]] in 1162 CE
* Sovideva (1168–1176)
* Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
* Sankama (1176–1180)
* Ahavamalla (1180–83)
* Singhana (1183–84), last ruler
 
== Jadeja Kingdom of Kutch (c. 1147–1948 CE) ==
{{main|Kingdom of Kutch|Jadeja}}
 
;List of rulers–
Cutch was ruled by the [[Jadeja]] [[Rajput]] dynasty of the [[Samma tribe]]<ref name=i>{{cite journal|journal=[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]|title=Cutch|volume=11
|year=1908|pages=75–80|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_084.gif}}</ref> from its formation in 1147 until 1948 when it acceded to newly formed, India. The rulers had migrated from [[Sindh]] into Kutch in late 12th century. They were entitled to a 17-gun salute by the British authorities. The title of rulers was earlier Ja'am, which during British Raj changed to [[Maharao]] made hereditary from 1 Jan 1918.<ref>Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers – Page 54</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Rulers
! 9
! Accession
| [[Sur Singh|Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal]]
| 11 July 1595
| 7 September 1619
|-
|-
| Lakho Jadani
! 10
|   AD 1147
| [[Gaj Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Gaj Singh I]]
| 7 September 1619
| 6 May 1638
|-
|-
|   Ratto Rayadhan
! 11
|   AD 1175
| [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]]
| 6 May 1638
| 28 December 1678
|-
|-
|   Othaji
! 12
|   AD 1215
| [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]]
| 19 February 1679
| 24 June 1724
|-
|-
| Rao Gaoji
! 13
|   AD 1255
| [[Raja Indra Singh]]
| 9 June 1679
| 4 August 1679
|-
|-
| Rao Vehanji
! 14
|   AD 1285
| [[Abhai Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Abhai Singh]]
| 24 June 1724
| 18 June 1749
|-
|-
| Rao Mulvaji
! 15
|   AD 1321
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]
|-
| First reign
| Rao Kaiyaji
| 18 June 1749
|   AD 1386
| July 1751
|-
|-
| Rao Amarji
! 16
|   AD 1406
| [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Maharaja Bakht Singh]]
| July 1751
| 21 September 1752
|-
|-
| Rao Bhhemji
! 17
|   AD 1429
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]
| 21 September 1752
| 31 January 1753
|-
|-
| Rao Hamirji
! 18
|   AD 1472
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]
| 31 January 1753
| September 1772
|-
|-
| [[Jam Raval]]
! 19
|   AD 1524
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]
| September 1772
| 17 July 1793
|-
|-
| [[Khengarji I]]
! 20
|   AD 1548
| [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Bhim Singh]]
| 17 July 1793
| 19 October 1803
|-
|-
| Bharmalji I
! 21
|   AD 1585
| [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]]
| 19 October 1803
| 4 September 1843
|-
|-
| Bhojrajji
! 22
|   AD 1631
| [[Takht Singh|Maharaja Sir Takht Singh]]
| 4 September 1843
| 13 February 1873
|-
|-
| Khengarji II
! 23
|   AD 1645
| [[Jaswant Singh II|Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II]]
| 13 February 1873
| 11 October 1895
|-
|-
| Tamachi
! 24
|   AD 1654
| [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh]]
| 20 March 1911
|-
|-
| Rayadhan II
! 25
|   AD 1665
| [[Sumer Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh]]
| 20 March 1911
| 3 October 1918
|-
|-
| 1698–1715
! 26
| [[Pragmalji I]] (b. 16 ... – d. 1715)
| [[Umaid Singh|Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh]]
|-
| 3 October 1918
| 1715–1719
| 9 June 1947
| [[Godji I]] (b. 16 ... – d. 1718)
|-
|-
| 1718–1752
! 27
| [[Deshalji I]] (b.1682 – d. 1752)
| [[Hanwant Singh|Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh]]
| 9 June 1947
| 7 April 1949
|-
|-
| 1741–1752
!28
| [[Lakhpatji]] (regent) (b. 1717 – d. 1761)
|[[Gaj Singh II|(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur]]
|-
| 26 January 1952
| 1752–1760
| Present
| Lakhpatji (b. 1717 – d. 1761)
|-
| 1760–1778
| [[Godji II]] (b. 1734 – d. 1778)
|-
| 1778–1786
| [[Rayadhan III]] (1st time) (b. 1763 – d. 1813)
|-
| 1786–1801
| [[Prithvirajji]] (b. 1774 – d. 1801)
|-
| 1786 − 5 October 1813
| [[Fateh Muhammad]] (regent)
|-
| 5 October 1813 − 30 October 1813
| [[Rayadhan III]] (2nd time)
|-
| 30 October 1813 – 6 November 1814
| Husain Miyan (regent)
|-
| 6 November 1814 − 25 March 1819
| [[Bharmalji II]] (b. 1798 – d. 1846)
|-
| 25 March 1819 − 26 July 1860
| [[Deshalji II]] (b. 1814 – d. 1860)
|-
| 26 July 1860 − 19 December 1875
| [[Pragmalji II]] (b. 1839 – d. 1875)
|-
| 19 December 1875 − 15 January 1942
| [[Khengarji III]] (b. 1866 – d. 1942)
|-
| 15 January 1942 − 26 February 1948
| [[Vijayaraji]] (b. 1885 – d. 1948)
|-
| 26 February 1948 − 1 June 1948
| [[Madansinhji]]
|}
|}


== Bhati kingdom of Jaisalmer (c. 1153–1947 CE) ==
===Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)===
{{Main| Jaisalmer State}}
{{main|Ahom dynasty}}
{{See also| Bhati | Jaisalmer| Rawal}}


=== Rawals ===
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+ The list of Swargadeos of the [[Ahom Kingdom]]
*[[Rawal Jaisal|Rawal Jaisal Singh]]
|-
(1153–1168),  founder of kingdom
! Years
*Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)
! Reign
*Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)
! Ahom name
*Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)
! Other names
*Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)
! succession
*Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)
! End of reign
*Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)
! Capital
*Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)
|-
*Rawal Jaitsi Singh I (1276–1294)
|----
*Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)
| 1228–1268
*Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306)
| 40y
*Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)
| [[Sukaphaa]]
*Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)
|
*Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)
|
*Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)
| natural death
*Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)
| [[Charaideo]]
*Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)
|----
*Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)
| 1268–1281
*Rawal [[Karan Singh II]] (1530–1530)
| 13y
*Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551)
| [[Suteuphaa]]
*Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)
|
*Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578)
| son of Sukaphaa
*Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624)
| natural death
*Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)
| Charaideo
*Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)
|----
*Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)
| 1281–1293
*Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661)
| 8y
 
| [[Subinphaa]]
=== Maharawals ===
|
 
| son of Suteuphaa
*Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)
| natural death
*Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)
| Charaideo
*Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)
|----
*Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)
| 1293–1332
*Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820)
| 39y
*Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)
| [[Sukhaangphaa]]
*Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)
|
*Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)
| son of Subinphaa
*Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)
| natural death
*Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)
| Charaideo
 
|----
=== Titular Kings ===
| 1332–1364
 
| 32y
* Girdhar Singh (1949–1950)
| [[Sukhrangpha]]
* [[Raghunath Singh of Jaisalmer|Raghunath Singh]] (1950–1982)
|
* Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)
| son of Sukhaangphaa
* Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–Till Present)<ref>
| natural death
[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_392.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 24, p. 386.]
| Charaideo
</ref><ref>{{cite book |year=1908 |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_008.gif |volume=14 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=2}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 
| 1364–1369
==Chero dynasty (1174–1813 CE)==
| 5y
{{main|Chero dynasty}}
| Interregnum<ref>Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}.  Gait and others do not record this {{harv|Gait|1906|p=358}}, though Baruah does {{harv|Baruah|1993|p=282}}</ref>
 
|
*Ghughulia (1174 CE), founder of dynasty
|
*Raja Ramchandar Rai
|
*Raja Sita Ram Rai
|
*Raja Salabahim
|----
*Raja Phulchand
| 1369–1376
*[[Raja Maharata Rai]]
| 7y
*Raja Kumkum Chand Rai
| [[Sutuphaa]]
*Raja Sambhal Rai
|
*Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585–1605)
| brother of Sukhrangphaa<ref>Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}</ref>
*Raja Anant Rai (1605–1612)
| assassinated<ref>Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the [[Chutiya kingdom]] on a barge ride on Suffry river {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}.</ref>
*Raja Shambhal Rai (1612–1627)
| Charaideo
*Raja Bhupal Rai (1637–1657)
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
*Maharaja [[Medini Ray|Medini Rai]] (1658–1674)
| 1376–1380
*Raja Pratap Rai
| 4y
*Raja Rudra Rai (1674–1680)
| Interregnum
*Raja Dikpal Rai (1680–1697)
|
*Raja Saheb Rai (1697–1716)
|
*Raja Ranjit Rai (1716–1722)
|
*Raja Devi Batesh Rai
|
*Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722–1770)
|----
*Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771–1771)
| 1380–1389
*Raja Gopal Rai (1771–1776)
| 9y
*Raja Gajraj Rai (1777–1780)
| [[Tyao Khamti]]
*Raja Basant Rai (1780–1783)
|
*Raja Churaman Rai (1783–1813), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/history-rebuild-brick-by-brick-rs-56-lakh-restoration-plan-for-crumbling-palamau-fort/cid/825676|title=History rebuild, brick by brick – Rs 56-lakh restoration plan for crumbling Palamau Fort|website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest|isbn=9789352667697|last1=Singh|first1=Pradyuman|date=19 January 2021}}</ref>
| brother of Sutuphaa
 
| assassinated<ref>Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=274}}.</ref>
==Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)==
| Charaideo
{{main|Chutia Kingdom}}
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 
| 1389–1397
* Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
| 8y
* Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
| Interregnum
* Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
|
* Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
|
* Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
|
* Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
|
* Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
|----
* Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
| 1397–1407
* Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
| 10y
* Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
| [[Sudangphaa]]
* Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
| Baamuni Konwar
* Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
| son of Tyao Khaamti<ref>Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=274–275}}.</ref>
* Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
| natural death
* Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
| Charagua
* Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
|----
* Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty
| 1407–1422
 
| 15y
==Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260)==
| [[Sujangphaa]]
{{main|Bana Kingdom|Magadai}}
|
 
| son of Sudangphaa
===Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)===
| natural death
{{anchor|Kadava dynasty}}
|
{{main|Kadava dynasty}}
|----
* Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
| 1422–1439
* Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)
| 17y
| [[Suphakphaa]]
|
| son of Sujangpha
| natural death
|
|----
| 1439–1488
| 49y
| [[Susenphaa]]
|
| son of Suphakphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1488–1493
| 5y
| [[Suhenphaa]]
|
| son of Susenphaa
| assassinated<ref>Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=282}}.</ref>
|
|----
| 1493–1497
| 4y
| [[Supimphaa]]
|
| son of Suhenphaa
| natural death
|
|----valign="top"
| 1497–1539
| 42y
| [[Suhungmung]]
| [[Swarganarayan]],<br /> Dihingiaa Rojaa I
| son of Supimphaa
| assassinated<ref>Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=309}}.</ref>
| [[Bakata]]
|----
| 1539–1552
| 13y
| [[Suklenmung]]
| Garhgayaan Rojaa
| son of Suhungmung
| natural death
| [[Garhgaon]]
|----
| 1552–1603
| 51y
| [[Sukhaamphaa]]
| Khuraa Rojaa
| son of Suklenmung
| natural death
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1603–1641
| 38y
| [[Susenghphaa]]
| [[Prataap Singha]],<br /> Burhaa Rojaa,<br /> Buddhiswarganarayan
| son of Sukhaamphaa
| natural death
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1641–1644
| 3y
| [[Suramphaa]]
| Jayaditya Singha,<br /> Bhogaa Rojaa
| son of Susenghphaa
| deposed<ref>Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=386}}.  He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.</ref>
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1644–1648
| 4y
| [[Sutingphaa]]
| Noriyaa Rojaa
| brother of Suramphaa
| deposed<ref>Sutingphaa was a sickly king (''Noriaya Raja''), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers.  He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=391–392}}.</ref>
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1648–1663
| 15y
| [[Sutamla]]
| Jayadhwaj Singha,<br /> Bhoganiyaa Rojaa
| son of Sutingphaa
| natural death
| Garhgaon/Bakata
|----valign="top"
| 1663–1670
| 7y
| [[Supangmung]]
| [[Chakradhwaj Singha]]
| cousin of Sutamla<ref>Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (''Deo Raja''), the second son of [[Suhungmung]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=448}}.</ref>
| natural death
| Bakata/Garhgaon
|----
| 1670–1672
| 2y
| [[Sunyatphaa]]
| Udayaditya Singha
| brother of Supangmung<ref>The ''Maju Gohain'', the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=470}}</ref>
| deposed<ref>Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day.  Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=479–482}}. This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, [[Atan Burhagohain]] and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of [[Gadadhar Singha]].</ref>
|
|----
| 1672–1674
| 2y
| [[Suklamphaa]]
| Ramadhwaj Singha
| brother of Sunyatphaa
| poisoned<ref>Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=484}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1674–1675
| 21d
|[[Suhung]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ahom Language Coins of Assam|last=Deyell|first=John S.}}</ref>
| Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang
| Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung
| deposed<ref>The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=486}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1675-1675
| 24d
|
| [[Gobar Roja]]
| great-grandson of Suhungmung<ref>Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of [[Suhungmung]] Dihingiya Roja.</ref>
| deposed<ref>Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the ''Saraighatias'' (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by [[Atan Burhagohain]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=486–488}}.  Their target was the ''de facto'' ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1675–1677
| 2y
|[[Sujinphaa]]<ref>After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more Prince rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). ''Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung'')</ref>
| Arjun Konwar,<br /> Dihingia Rojaa II
| grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain
| deposed, suicide<ref>Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the ''de facto'' ruler, [[Atan Burhagohain]], but was routed in a skirmish.  Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=489}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1677–1679
| 2y
| [[Sudoiphaa]]
| Parvatia Rojaa
| great-grandson of Suhungmung<ref>Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=490}}.</ref>
| deposed, killed<ref>Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. [[Atan Burhagohain]], the powerful minister, had been executed earlier {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=492–493}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1679–1681
| 3y
| [[Sulikphaa]]
| Ratnadhwaj Singha,<br /> Loraa Rojaa
| Samaguria family
| deposed, killed<ref>Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by [[Gadadhar Singha]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=496–497}}.</ref>
|
|----
| 1681–1696
| 15y
| [[Supaatphaa]]
| [[Gadadhar Singha]]
| son of Gobar Rojaa
| natural death
| Borkola
|----
| 1696–1714
| 18y
| [[Sukhrungphaa]]
| [[Rudra Singha]]
| son of Supaatphaa
| natural death
| [[Rangpur (Ahom capital)|Rangpur]]
|----
| 1714–1744
| 30y
| [[Sutanphaa]]
| [[Siva Singha]]
| son Sukhrungphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1744–1751
| 7y
| [[Sunenphaa]]
| [[Pramatta Singha]]
| brother of Sutanphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1751–1769
| 18y
| [[Suremphaa]]
| [[Rajeswar Singha]]
| brother of Sunenphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1769–1780
| 11y
| [[Sunyeophaa]]
| [[Lakshmi Singha]]
| brother of Suremphaa
| natural death
|
|---
| 1780–1795
| 15y
| [[Suhitpangphaa]]
| [[Gaurinath Singha]]
| son of Sunyeophaa
| natural death
| Jorhat
|----
| 1795–1811
| 16y
| [[Suklingphaa]]
| [[Kamaleswar Singha]]
| great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha<ref>Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of [[Gadadhar Singha]].  Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|pp=148–150}}.</ref>
| natural death, smallpox
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1811–1818
| 7y
| [[Sudingphaa]] (1)
| [[Chandrakaanta Singha]]
| brother of Suklingphaa
| deposed<ref name="purandar-accession">Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=221}}.  The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of [[Suremphaa]] Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead {{Harvcol|Gait|1906|p=223}}.</ref>
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1818–1819
| 1y
|
| [[Purandar Singha]] (1)
| descendant of Suremphaa<ref name="purandar-accession"/>
| deposed<ref>Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands.  Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|pp=221–222}}.</ref>
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1819–1821
| 2y
| [[Sudingphaa]] (2)
| [[Chandrakaanta Singha]]
|
| fled the capital<ref>Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of [[Bagyidaw]] king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=223}}.</ref>
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF" valign="top"
| 1821–1822
| 1y
|
| [[Jogeswar Singha]]
| 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler<ref>Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of [[Bagyidaw]].  He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=223}}.</ref>
| removed<ref>Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=225}}.</ref>
|
|- bgcolor="#FFFF99" valign="top"
| 1833–1838
|
|
| [[Purandar Singha]] (2)<ref>Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=244}}.</ref>
|
|
|
|}


== Kingdom of Marwar (1226–1950) ==
===Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)===
{{Main| Jodhpur State}}
{{main|Vaghela dynasty}}
{{See also| Rathore| Marwar|Jodhpur}}


=== Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur ===
The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
* Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
* Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
* Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
* Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
* Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.


==== Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438) ====
===Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)===
{{Main|Jaffna Kingdom}}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
;List of rulers–
* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]](1277–1284), founder of dynasty
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] (1284–1292)
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] (1292–1302)
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1302–1325)
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] (1325–1348)
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] (1348–1371)
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1371–1380)
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410)
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1410–1440)
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] (1478–1519)
* [[Cankili I]] (1519–1561)
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] (1565–1570)
* [[Periyapillai]] (1565–1582)
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] (1591–1617)
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title=genealogy of the royal house of jaffna|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228065758/http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
===Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)===
{{Main|Twipra Kingdom}}
 
====Manikya dynasty====
{{Main|Manikya dynasty}}
;List of rulers–
* Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
* Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
* Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}
On 9 September 1949, "[[Tripura Merger Agreement]]", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & [[Tripura]] became part of [[India|Indian Union]].<ref>Suresh K. Sharma, ''Documents on North-East India: Tripura'', pp. 93-95</ref>
 
===Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)===
{{main|Nayaka dynasties|Kingdom of Kandy}}
{{see also|Musunuri Nayakas|Recherla Nayakas|Pemmasani Nayaks|Nayaks of Gingee|Nayakas of Keladi|Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayakas of Chitradurga|Nayaks of Kandy}}
The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.
 
====Nayaka dynasty====
 
{{see also|Nayaka dynasties}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Capital
|-
||[[Musunuri Prolaya Nayak|Prolaya]]|| ||1323-1333||[[Warangal]]<br><small>([[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuri line]])</small>
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Name
||[[Musunuri Kapaya Nayak|Kapaya]]||[[File:Kaapaneedu.jpg|100px]]||1333-1368||[[Warangal]]<br><small>([[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuri line]])</small>
! Notes
|-
! Reign began
|colspan="4" align=center|''Warangal annexed to Recherla''
! Reign ended
|-
||[[Singama Nayak I|Singama I]]|| ||1335-1361|| rowspan="6" |[[Rachakonda]]<br><small>([[Recherla Nayakas|Recherla line]])</small>
|-
||[[Anavotha Nayak I|Anavotha I]]|| ||1361-1384
|-
||[[Singama Nayak II|Singama II]]|| ||1384-1399
|-
||[[Anavotha Nayak II|Anavotha II]]|| ||1399-1421
|-
||[[Mada Nayak|Mada]]|| ||1421-1430
|-
|-
! 1
||[[Singama Nayak III|Singama III]]|| ||1430-1475
| Rao Siha
| He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban.
| 1226
| 1273
|-
|-
! 2
|colspan="4" align=center|''Rachakonda annexed to [[Vijayanagara Empire]]''
| Rao Asthan
| Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji.
| 1273
| 1292
|-
|-
! 3
||[[Pemmasani Timmanayudu I|Kumaravira Timma I]]|| ||1441-1462|| rowspan="2" |[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
| Rao Doohad
| He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars.
| 1292
| 1309
|-
|-
! 4
||[[Pemmasani Chennavibhudu|Chenna Vibhudu]]|| ||1462-1505
| Rao Raipal
|-style="background: #dcf;"
| He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people.
||[[Vaiyappa Nayak|Vaiyappa]]|| ||1464-1490||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])<ref>The list presented for the Gingee line follows Srinivasachari, which takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464.</ref></small>
| 1309
|-style="background: #dcf;"
| 1313
||[[Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka|Tubaki Krishnappa]]|| ||1490-1520||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Chauda Gowda|Chaudappa]]|| ||1499-1530||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-
|-
! 5
||[[Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu|Ramalinga]]|| ||1505-1540||[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
| Rao Kanhapal
|-style="background: #dcf;"
| He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands.
||[[Achyutavijaya Ramachandra Nayak|Achyutavijaya Ramachandra]]|| ||1520-1540||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])</small>
| 1313
|-style="background: #bec;"
| 1323
||[[Viswanatha Nayak|Viswanatha]]||[[File:King Viswanatha Nayak1.JPG|100px]] ||1529-1564||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-  
|-style="background: #fec;"
! 6
||[[Sadashiva Nayaka|Sadashiva]]|| ||1530-1566<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TlnoMdZu40UC&q=bednore+nayakas&pg=PA469 | title=Sadashiva Nayaka reign | isbn=9780871843081 | access-date=30 June 2015| last1=Friedberg | first1=Arthur L. | last2=Friedberg | first2=Ira S. | year=2009 | publisher=Coin & Currency Institute }}</ref>||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
| Rao Jalansi
|-style="background: #eac;"
| He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region.
||[[Chevvappa Nayak|Chevappa]]|| ||1532-1580||[[Tanjore]]<br><small>([[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur line]])</small>
| 1323
| 1328
|-  
! 7
| Rao Chado
|  
| 1328
| 1344
|-
|-
! 8
||[[Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka|Bangaru Timma]]|| ||1540-1565||[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
| Rao Tida
|-style="background: #dcf;"
| He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi.
||[[Muthialu Nayak|Muthialu]]|| ||1540-1570||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])</small>
| 1344
|-style="background: #bec;"
| 1357
||[[Krishnappa Nayaka I|Krishnappa I]]|| ||1564-1572||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-  
|-
! 9
||[[Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka|Narasimha]]|| ||1565-1598||[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
| Rao Kanha Dev
|-style="background: #fec;"
|
||[[Sankanna Nayaka I|Sankanna I]]|| ||1566-1570||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
| 1357
|-style="background: #cef;"
| 1374
||[[Timmanna Nayaka|Timanna]]|| ||1568-1589||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-  
|-style="background: #fec;"
! 10
||[[Chikka Sankanna Nayaka II|Sankanna II ''the Younger'']]<br><small>''(Chikka Sankanna)''</small>|| ||1570-1580||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
| Rao Viram Dev
|-style="background: #dcf;"
| He died in battle against the Johiyas.
||[[Venkatappa Nayak|Venkatappa]]|| ||1570-1600||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])</small>
| 1374
|-style="background: #bec;"
| 1383
||[[Virappa Nayaka|Virappa]]|| ||1572-1595||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-  
|-style="background: #fec;"
! 11
||[[Rama Raja Nayaka|Ramaraja]]|| ||1580-1586||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
| Rao Chandra
|-style="background: #eac;"
| He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan.
||[[Achuthappa Nayak|Achuthappa]]|| ||1580-1614||[[Tanjore]]<br><small>([[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur line]])</small>
|1383
|-style="background: #fec;"
|1424
||[[Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka I|Venkatappa I ''the Elder'']]<br><small>''(Hiriya Venkatappa)''</small>|| ||1586-1629||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Obanna Nayaka I|Obanna-Madakari I]]|| ||1589-1602||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Krishnappa Nayaka II|Krishnappa II]]|| ||1595-1601||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-
||[[Pemmasani Timma Nayak|Timma]]|| ||1598-1623||[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
|-style="background: #dcf;"
||[[Varadappa Nayak|Varadappa]]|| ||1600-1620||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Muthu Krishnappa Nayaka|Muthu Krishnappa]]|| ||1601-1609||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I|Kasturi Rangappa I]]|| ||1602-1652||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Muthu Virappa Nayaka I|Muthu Virappa I]]|| ||1609-1623||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #eac;"
||[[Raghunatha Nayak|Raghunatha]]|| ||1614-1634||[[Tanjore]]<br><small>([[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur line]])</small>
|-style="background: #dcf;"
||[[Appa Nayaka|Appa]]|| ||1620-1649||[[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee line]])</small>
|-style="background: #dcf;"
|colspan="4" align=center|''Gingee annexed to the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]''
|-
||[[Pemmasani Chenna Timma Nayaka|Chenna Timma]]|| ||1623-1652||[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Tirumala Nayaka|Tirumala]]|| ||1623-1659||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Virabhadra Nayaka|Virabhadra]]|| ||1629-1645||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #eac;"
||[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak|Vijaya Raghava]]|| ||1634-1673||[[Tanjore]]<br><small>([[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur line]])</small>
|-style="background: #eac;"
|colspan="4" align=center|''Thanjavur annexed to the [[Maratha Empire]]''
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Shivappa Nayaka|Shivappa]]||[[File:Shivappanayaka (cropped).jpg|100px]] ||1645-1660||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Madakari Nayaka II|Madakari II]]|| ||1652-1674||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-
|-
! 12
||[[Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka|Kumaravira Timma II]]|| ||1652-1685||[[Gandikota]]<br><small>([[Pemmasani Nayaks|Pemmasani line]])</small>
| Rao Kanha
| Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore.
| 1424
| 1427
|-  
! 13
| Rao [[Ranmal]]
| He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodiyas of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha.
| 1427
| 1438
|-
|-
|colspan="4" align=center|''Gandikota annexed to the [[Sultanate of Golconda]]''
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Muthu Virappa Nayaka II|Muthu Virappa II]]|| ||1659|| rowspan="2" |[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Chokanatha Nayaka I|Chokanatha I]]|| ||1659-1682
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka II|Venkatappa II ''the Younger'']]<br><small>''(Chikka Venkatappa)''</small>|| ||1660-1662|| rowspan="4" |[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Bhadrappa Nayaka|Bhadrappa]]|| ||1662-1664
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Somashekara Nayaka I|Somashekara I]]|| ||1664-1672
|-style="background: #fec;"||
||[[Keladi Chennamma|Chennamma]]||[[File:Details on the temple dwajasthamba - Rameshwara Temple.JPG|100px]] ||1672-1697
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Obanna Nayaka II|Obanna II]]|| ||1674-1675|| rowspan="3" |[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Shoora Kantha Nayaka|Shoora Kantha]]|| ||1675-1676
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Chikkanna Nayaka|Chikanna]]|| ||1676-1686
|-style="background: #bec;"
|colspan="4" align=center|<small>''Regency of Queen [[Mangammal]]  (1682-1689)''</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Aranga Krishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka III|<small>''Aranga Krishna''</small><br>Muthu Virappa III]]|| ||1682-1689||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Madakari Nayaka III|Madakari III]]|| ||1686-1688|| rowspan="2" |[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Donne Rangappa Nayaka|Donne Rangappa]]|| ||1688-1689
|-style="background: #bec;"
|colspan="4" align=center|<small>''Regency of Queen [[Mangammal]]  (1689-1704)''</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Vijayaranga Chokanatha Nayaka II|<small>''Vijayaranga''</small><br>Chokanatha II]]|| ||1689-1732||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Bharamana Nayaka|Bharamana]]|| ||1689-1721||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Basavappa Nayaka|Basavappa]]|| ||1697-1714|| rowspan="2" |[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Somashekara Nayaka II|Somashekara II]]|| ||1714-1739
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Madakari Nayaka IV|Madakari IV]]|| ||1721-1748||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
||[[Meenakshi (Nayak queen)|Meenakshi]]|| ||1732-1736||[[Madurai]]<br><small>([[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai line]])</small>
|-style="background: #bec;"
|colspan="4" align=center|''Madurai annexed to the [[Nawab of Carnatic]]''
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka|Basavappa]]|| ||1739-1754||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #ac9;"
||[[Sri Vijaya Rajasinha]]|| ||1739-1747|| rowspan="2" |[[Kandy]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Kandy|Kandy line]])</small>
|-style="background: #ac9;"
||[[Kirti Sri Rajasinha]]||[[File:118 King Rajasingha makes Ven Saranankara Sangharaja (19820173144).jpg|100px]] ||1747-1782
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II|Kasturi Rangappa II]]|| ||1748-1758||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Chenna Basappa Nayaka|Basappa]]|| ||1754-1759||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
||[[Madakari Nayaka|Madakari V]]|| ||1758-1779||[[Chitradurga]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Chitradurga line]])</small>
|-style="background: #cef;"
|colspan="4" align=center|''Chitradurga annexed to the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]''
|-style="background: #fec;"
||[[Virammaji]]|| ||1759-1763||[[Keladi]]<br><small>([[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi line]])</small>
|-style="background: #fec;"
|colspan="4" align=center|''Keladi annexed to the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]''
|-style="background: #ac9;"
||[[Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha of Kandy|Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha]]||[[File:Sri Rajadhi Raja Sinha, King of Kandy, on his throne.jpg|100px]]  ||1782-1798|| rowspan="2" |[[Kandy]]<br><small>([[Nayaks of Kandy|Kandy line]])</small>
|-style="background: #ac9;"
||[[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]]||[[File:Sri Vikrama Rajasinha.jpg|100px]]  ||1798-1815<ref>{{cite book |last=Somasekhara Sarma |first=Mallampalli |year=1946 |title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32066 |publisher=Andhra University |location=Waltair |page=81}}: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rama Rao |first=M. |year=1947 |title=The Fall of Warangal and After |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=10 |page=295 |jstor=44137150 |quote="It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs."}}</ref>
|-style="background: #ac9;"
|colspan="4" align=center|''Kandy becomes a British colony''
|}
|}


==== Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950) ====
====Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)====
{{main|Nayaks of Vellore}}
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
* Chinna Bommi Reddy
* Thimma Reddy Nayak
* Lingama Nayak


{| class="wikitable sortable"
====Other Nayaka kingdoms====
|-
* [[Nayakas of Shorapur]]
! colspan=2 | Name
* [[Nayakas of Kalahasti]]
! Notes
* Nayakas of Harappanahalli
! Reign began
* Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
! Reign ended
* Nayakas of Kuppam
|-
* Nayakas of Rayalaseema
! 1
* Nayakas of Jarimale
| Rao [[Jodha of Mandore|Jodha]]  
* Nayakas of Gudekote
| Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of [[Jodhpur]] and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati.
* Nayakas of Nayakanahatti<ref>{{cite book|last=Howes|first=Jennifer|title=The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=07-0071-585-1|page=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Velcheru Narayana |last2=Shulman |first2=David |last3=Subrahmanyam |first3=Sanjay |year=1998 |title=Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=18}}</ref>
| 12 May 1438
 
| 6 April 1489
===Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)===
{{main|Reddy Kingdom}}
 
;List of rulers–
* [[Prolaya Vema Reddy]] (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
* Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
* Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
* Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
* Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
* Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
* Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty
 
===Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)===
{{main|Oiniwar dynasty}}
 
;List of rulers–
According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:<ref>{{cite book|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA155|first=Makhan |last=Jha|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd|pages=155–157|year=1997|isbn=9788175330344}}</ref>
* Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
* Atirupa Thakur
* Vishwarupa Thakur
* Govinda Thakur
* Lakshman Thakur
* [[Kameshwar Thakur]]
* Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
* Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
* Kirti Singh
* [[Bhavasimha|Bhava Singh Deva]]
* [[Devasimha|Deva Simha Singh]]
* [[Shiva Simha Singh]] (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406<ref name="G. Allen & Unwin-1963" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Coomaraswamy|first=Ananda Kentish|title=Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna.|publisher=The Old Bourne Press|year=1915|location=London}}</ref>
* [[Lakhimadevi|Lakhima Devi]], chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled for 12 years from [[Raj Banauli]]. She committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]] after many years of waiting for her husband's return.<ref name="G. Allen & Unwin-1963" /><ref>{{Cite book |author=Upendra Thakur |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.505783/page/320/mode/1up |title=History of Mithila |pages=320–322|year=1956 |publisher=Mithila Institute}}</ref>
* [[Padmasimha|Padma Simha Singh]], took power in 1418 and died in 1431<ref name="G. Allen & Unwin-1963">{{Cite book|title=Love Songs of Vidyāpati|publisher=G. Allen & Unwin|year=1963|location=London|translator-last=Bhattacharya|translator-first=Deben}}</ref>
* [[Vishwasa Devi|Viswavasa Devi]], wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
* Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
* [[King Narasimha|Nara Singh Deva]], died in 1460
* Dhir Singh Deva
* [[Bhairavasimha|Bhairva Singh Deva]], died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
* Rambhadra Deva
* Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE
 
=== Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE) ===
{{main|Vijayanagara Empire|List of Vijayanagara emperors}}
 
[[Vijayanagara Empire]] was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire [[South India]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ramchandra |last=Dhere |title=Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUeeAgAAQBAJ |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press, 2011 |isbn=9780199777648 |pages=243}}</ref>
 
{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:5%;"|Serial no.
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"| Regnal names
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:17%;"| Reign (CE)
|-
|-
! 2
| colspan="3" |'''[[Sangama dynasty]] rulers (1336 to 1485 CE)'''
| Rao [[Satal Rathore of Marwar|Satal]]  
|-
| Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders.
|1
| 6 April 1489
|[[Harihara I]]
| March 1492
|1336–1356
|-
|2
|[[Bukka Raya I]]
|1356–1377
|-
|3
|[[Harihara II]]
|1377–1404
|-
|4
|[[Virupaksha Raya]]
|1404–1405
|-
|-
! 3
|5
| Rao [[Suja Rathore of Marwar|Suja]]  
|[[Bukka Raya II]]
|
|1405–1406
| March 1492
| 2 October 1515
|-
|-
! 4
|6
| Rao [[Biram Singh Rathore of Marwar|Biram Singh]]  
|[[Deva Raya]]
| Son of Bagha
|1406–1422
| 2 October 1515
| 8 November 1515
|-
|-
! 5
|7
| Rao [[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Ganga]]
|[[Ramachandra Raya]]
| Assisted [[Rana Sanga]] in his campaigns against the Sultans of India.
|1422
| 8 November 1515
| 9 May 1532
|-
! 6
| [[Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]]
| Successfully repelled the invasions of [[Sher Shah Suri]]. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta.
| 9 May 1532
| 7 November 1562
|-
! 7
| [[Rao Chandra Sen]]  
| He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire.
| 7 November 1562
| 1581
|-
|-
! 8
|8
| [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]] ''Mota Raja''
|[[Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya]]
| He was the father in law of [[Jahangir]] and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of [[Shah Jahan]]<ref>''Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan: The Maharaja of Palaces'', by Aman Nath. Published by India Book House, 2008.</ref>
|1422–1424
| 4 August 1583
| 11 July 1595
|-
! 9
| [[Sur Singh|Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal]]
|
| 11 July 1595
| 7 September 1619
|-
! 10
| [[Gaj Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Gaj Singh I]]
| The first to take the title [[Maharaja]] by himself
| 7 September 1619
| 6 May 1638
|-
! 11
| [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]]
| He fought [[Aurangzeb]] in the [[Battle of Dharmatpur]].
| 6 May 1638
| 28 December 1678
|-
! 12
| [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]]
| Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. [[Durgadas Rathore]] played a key role in the war.
| 19 February 1679
| 24 June 1724
|-
! 13
| [[Raja Indra Singh]]
| Installed in opposition to [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]] by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar
| 9 June 1679
| 4 August 1679
|-
! 14
| [[Abhai Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Abhai Singh]]
| Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time.
| 24 June 1724
| 18 June 1749
|-
! 15
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]
| First reign
| 18 June 1749
| July 1751
|-
! 16
| [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Maharaja Bakht Singh]]
| He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the [[Battle of Gangwana]] he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas.
| July 1751
| 21 September 1752
|-
|-
! 17
|9
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]  
|[[Deva Raya II]]
| First reign
|1424–1446
| 21 September 1752
| 31 January 1753
|-
|-
! 18
|10
| [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ram Singh]]  
|[[Mallikarjuna Raya]]
| Second reign
|1446–1465
| 31 January 1753
| September 1772
|-
|-
! 19
|11
| [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]]  
|[[Virupaksha Raya II]]
| Second reign – Was defeated by [[Mahadji Scindia]] and forced to surrender the fort and city of [[Ajmer]].
|1465–1485
| September 1772
|-
| 17 July 1793
|12
|[[Praudha Raya]]
|1485
|-
| colspan="3" |'''[[Saluva dynasty]] rulers (1485 to 1505 CE)'''
|-
|-
! 20
|13
| [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Bhim Singh]]
|[[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]]
|
|1485–1491
| 17 July 1793
| 19 October 1803
|-
! 21
| [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]]
| Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818.
| 19 October 1803
| 4 September 1843
|-
! 22
| [[Takht Singh|Maharaja Sir Takht Singh]]
| Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar.
| 4 September 1843
| 13 February 1873
|-
! 23
| [[Jaswant Singh II|Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II]] 
| [[Kaisar-i-Hind]]
| 13 February 1873
| 11 October 1895
|-
! 24
| [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh]]
| Colonel in the British Indian Army
| 11 October 1895
| 20 March 1911
|-
! 25
| [[Sumer Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh]]
| Colonel in the British Indian Army
| 20 March 1911
| 3 October 1918
|-
! 26
| [[Umaid Singh|Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh]]
| Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army
| 3 October 1918
| 9 June 1947
|-
! 27
| [[Hanwant Singh|Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh]]
| Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952
| 9 June 1947
| 7 April 1949
|-
|-
!28                           
|14
|[[Gaj Singh II|(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur]]  
|[[Thimma Bhupala]]
| Became head of the House on 26 January 1952
|1491
| 26 January 1952
|-
| Present
|15
|}<ref>{{cite book |first=Roma |last=Niyogi |year=1959 |title=The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJQBAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Oriental |page=30 |oclc=5386449}}</ref>
|[[Narasimha Raya II]]
|1491–1505
|-
| colspan="3" |'''[[Tuluva dynasty]] rulers (1491 to 1570 CE)'''
|-
|16
|[[Tuluva Narasa Nayaka]]
|1491–1503
|-
|17
|[[Viranarasimha Raya]]
|1503–1509
|-
|18
|[[Krishnadevaraya]]
|1509–1529
|-
|19
|[[Achyuta Deva Raya]]
|1529–1542
|-
|20
|[[Sadasiva Raya]]
|1542–1570
|-
| colspan="3" |'''[[Aravidu dynasty]] rulers (1542 to 1646 CE)'''
|-
|21
|[[Aliya Rama Raya]]
|1542–1565
|-
|22
|[[Tirumala Deva Raya]]
|1565–1572
|-
|23
|[[Sriranga Deva Raya]]
|1572–1586
|-
|24
|[[Venkatapati Deva Raya]]
|1586–1614
|-
|25
|[[Sriranga II]]
|1614–1617
|-
|26
|[[Rama Deva Raya]]
|1617–1632
|-
|27
|[[Peda Venkata Raya]]
|1632–1642
|-
|28
|[[Sriranga III]]
|1642–1646/1652
|-
|}


==Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE){{anchor|Delhi_Sultanate_(1206–1526)}}==
===Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)===
{{main|List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate}}
{{main|Bahmani Sultanate}}
* [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah]] (1347–1358)
* [[Mohammed Shah I|Muhammad Shah I]] (1358–1375)
* Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
* Daud Shah I (1378)
* Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
* Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
* Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
* [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] (1397–1422)
* [[Ahmad Shah I Wali]] (1422–1435), established his capital at [[Bidar]]
* Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
* Ala ud din [[Humayun Shah]] (1458–1461)
* [[Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III]] (1461–1463)
* [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]] (1463–1482)
* [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]](1482–1518)
* Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
* Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
* [[Waliullah Shah]] (1522–1524)
* [[Kalimullah Shah]] (1524–1527)


===Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)===
=== Bengal Sultanate (c. 1357–1576 CE) ===
{{main|Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)}}
{{Main|Bengal Sultanate}}


* [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] (1206–1210)
=== Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE) ===
* [[Aram Shah]] (1210–1211)
{{main|Malwa Sultanate}}
* [[Iltutmish|Shams-ud-din Iltutmish]] (1211–1236)
* [[Rukn ud din Firuz|Rukn-ud-din Firuz]] (1236)
* [[Razia Sultana|Raziyyat ud din Sultana]] (1236–1240)
* [[Muiz ud din Bahram|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]] (1240–1242)
* [[Ala ud din Masud|Ala-ud-din Masud]] (1242–1246)
* [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]] (1246–1266)
* [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Ghiyas-ud-din Balban]] (1266–1286)
* [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad|Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad]] (1286–1290)


===Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)===
;Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)
{{main|Khilji dynasty}}
* Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
* [[Hoshang Shah|Alp Khan Hushang]] (1405–1435)
* Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
* Masud Khan (1436)


* [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji]] (1290–1296)
;Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)
* [[Alauddin Khilji]] (1296–1316)
* [[Mahmud Shah I]] (1436–1469)
* [[Shihabuddin Omar|Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji]] (1316)
* [[Ghiyath Shah]] (1469–1500)
* [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah|Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji]] (1316–1320)
* Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
* [[Khusrau Khan|Khusro Khan khilji]] (1320)
* [[Mahmud Shah II]] (1511–1530)


===Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)===
===Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)===
{{main|Tughlaq dynasty}}
{{main|Baro-Bhuyan}}


* [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq|Ghiyas ud din Tughluq]] (1321–1325)
;List of Kingdoms and their rulers are:
* [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I]] (1325–1351)
* [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (1351–1388)
* [[Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II]] (1388–1389)
* [[Abu Bakr Shah]] (1389–1390)
* [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III|Muhammad Shah Tughluq III]] (1390–1394)
* [[Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah|Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq]] (1394)
* [[Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq|Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV]] (1394–1413)


After the invasion of [[Timur]] in 1398, the governor of [[Multan]], [[Khizr Khan]] abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
====Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)====
* Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
* Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
* Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
* Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)


===Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)===
====Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)====
{{main|Jaunpur Sultanate}}
* [[Isa Khan]]
* [[Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)]]
* [[Masum Khan]]


* Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
=== Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE) ===
* Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
{{main|Tomaras of Gwalior}}
* Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
* Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
* Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
* Hussain Shah (1458–1479)


===Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)===
The Tomara rulers of [[Gwalior]] include the following.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty |year=1984 |title=Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Arnold-Heinemann |pages=98–116 |isbn=978-0-391-03223-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=B. D. Misra |year=1993 |title=Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Manohar |pages=27–46 |isbn=978-81-7304-047-4 }}</ref>
{{main|Sayyid dynasty}}


* [[Khizr Khan]] (1414–1421)
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] (1421–1434)
! Name in dynasty's inscriptions ([[IAST]]) !! Reign !! Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
* [[Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Muhammad Shah]] (1434–1445)
|-
* [[Alam Shah]] (1445–1451)
| Vīrasiṃha-deva || 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) || Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Badauni]]'s writings), Nar Singh (in [[Firishta]]'s and Nizamuddin's writings).<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |year=1963 |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=6 |oclc=500687579}}</ref>
 
|-
===Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)===
| Uddharaṇa-deva || 1400–1402 CE || Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sant Lal Katare |title=Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior |journal=Journal of the Oriental Institute |volume=XXIII |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGBjAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University |page=346}}</ref>
{{main|Lodi dynasty}}
|-
 
| Virāma-deva || 1402–1423 CE || Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in [[Firishta]]'s writings)
* [[Bahlol Khan Lodi]] (1451–1489)
|-
* [[Sikandar Lodi]] (1489–1517)
| Gaṇapati-deva || 1423–1425 CE || Ganpati Dev
* [[Ibrahim Lodi]] (1517–1526), defeated by [[Babur]] (who replaced the [[Delhi Sultanate]] with the [[Mughal Empire]])
|-
 
| Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha || 1425–1459 CE || Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
==Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826 CE)==
|-
{{main|Ahom dynasty}}
| Kirtisiṃha-deva || 1459–1480 CE || Kirti Singh Tomar
|-
| Kalyāṇamalla || 1480–1486 CE || Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
|-
| [[Man Singh Tomar|Māna-siṃha]] || 1486–1516 CE || Mana Sahi, Man Singh
|-
| Vikramāditya || 1516–1523 CE || Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit
|}


* [[Sukaphaa]] (1228–1268), founder of dynasty
=== Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE) ===
* [[Suteuphaa]] (1268–1281)
{{main|Kingdom of Mysore|Wadiyar dynasty}}
* [[Subinphaa]] (1281–1293)
* [[Sukhaangphaa]] (1293–1332)
* [[Sukhrampha]] (1332–1364)
* [[Interregnum]] (1364–1369)
* [[Sutuphaa]] (1369–1376)
* ''[[Interregnum]]'' (1376–1380)
* [[Tyao Khamti]] (1380–1389)
* ''Interregnum'' (1389–1397)
* [[Sudangphaa]] (1397–1407)
* [[Sujangphaa]] (1407–1422)
* [[Suphakphaa]] (1422–1439)
* [[Susenphaa]] (1439–1488)
* [[Suhenphaa]] (1488–1493)
* [[Supimphaa]] (1493–1497)
* [[Suhungmung|Swarganarayan]] (1497–1539)
* [[Suklenmung]] (1539–1552)
* [[Sukhaamphaa]] (1552–1603)
* [[Susenghphaa|Pratap Singha]] (1603–1641)
* [[Suramphaa|Jayaditya Singha]] (1641–1644)
* [[Sutingphaa]] (1644–1648)
* [[Sutamla|Jayadhwaj Singha]] (1648–1663)
* [[Supangmung|Chakradhwaj Singha]] (1663–1670)
* [[Sunyatphaa|Udayaaditya Singha]] (1670–1672)
* [[Suklamphaa|Ramadhwaj Singha]] (1672–1674)
* Suhunga (1674–1675)
* Gobar (1675–1675)
* [[Sujinphaa]] (1675–1677)
* [[Sudoiphaa]] (1677–1679)
* [[Sulikphaa|Ratnadhwaj Singha]] (1679–1681)
* [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Singha]] (1681–1696)
* [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] (1696–1714)
* [[Sutanphaa|Siba Singha]] (1714–1744)
* [[Sunenphaa|Pramatta Singha]] (1744–1751)
* [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]] (1751–1769)
* [[Sunyeophaa|Lakshmi Singha]] (1769–1780)
* [[Suhitpangphaa|Gaurinath Singha]] (1780–1795)
* [[Suklingphaa|Kamaleswar Singha]] (1795–1811)
* [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Singha]] (1811–1818)
* [[Purandar Singha]] (1818–1819)
* [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Singha]] (1819–1821)
* [[Jogeshwar Singha]] (1821–1822)
* [[Purandar Singha]] (1833–1838), last ruler of dynasty


==Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)==
;List of rulers:
{{main|Vaghela dynasty}}
* [[Yaduraya Wodeyar]] or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
* Hiriya Bettada [[Chamaraja Wodeyar I]] (1423–1459 CE)
* [[Timmaraja Wodeyar I|Thimmaraja Wodeyar I]] (1459–1478 CE)
* Hiriya [[Chamaraja Wodeyar II]] (1478–1513 CE)
* Hiriya bettada [[Chamaraja Wodeyar III]] (1513–1553 CE)
* [[Timmaraja Wodeyar II|Thimmaraja Wodeyar II]] (1553–1572 CE)
* Bola [[Chamaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1572–1576 CE)
* Bettada [[Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1576–1578 CE)
* [[Raja Wodeyar I]] (1578–1617 CE)
* [[Chamaraja Wodeyar V]] (1617–1637 CE)
* [[Raja Wodeyar II]] (1637–1638 CE)
* ''Ranadhira'' [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I]] (1638–1659 CE)
* [[Dodda Kempadevaraja|Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1659–1673 CE)
* [[Chikka Devaraja|Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1673–1704 CE)
* [[Kanthirava Narasaraja II|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II]] (1704–1714 CE)
* [[Dodda Krishnaraja I|Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I]] (1714–1732 CE)
* [[Chamaraja Wodeyar VI]] (1732–1734 CE)
* ''Immadi'' [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar II]] (1734–1766 CE), ruled under [[Hyder Ali]] from 1761 CE
* [[Nanjaraja Wodeyar|Nanajaraja Wodeyar]] (1766–1770 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Bettada [[Chamaraja Wodeyar VII]] (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Khasa [[Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII]] (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under [[Tipu Sultan]] until his deposition in 1796 CE.
** [[Hyder Ali]] (1761–1782 CE), usurper and '''non-dynastic'''
** [[Tipu Sultan]] (1782–1799 CE), son of the previous.
* ''Mummudi'' [[Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar|Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]] (1799–1868 CE), Wodeyar dynasty '''restored'''
* [[Chamaraja Wodeyar X]] (1868–1894 CE)
* [[Maharani Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana|Vani Vilas Sannidhana]], queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to 1902 CE)
* ''Nalvadi'' [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1894–1940 CE)
* [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar|Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]] (1940–1950 CE)


The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
=== Gajapati Empire (c. 1434–1541 CE) ===
*Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
{{main|Gajapati Empire}}
*Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
*Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
*Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
*Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.


==Jaffna (Aryacakravarti) dynasty (1277–1619 CE)==
;Rulers–
{{Main|Jaffna Kingdom}}
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+
;List of rulers–
!Picture
* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]](1277–1284), founder of dynasty
!King
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] (1284–1292)
!Reign
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] (1292–1302)
|-
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1302–1325)
|[[File:Gajapati Kapilendradeva.jpg|100px]]
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] (1325–1348)
|[[Kapilendra Deva]]
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] (1348–1371)
|1434–1467
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1371–1380)
|-
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410)
|[[File:Purushottam Deva Return from Kanchi Expedition.jpg|100px]]
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1410–1440)
|[[Purushottama Deva]]
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
|1467–1497
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] (1478–1519)
|-
* [[Cankili I]] (1519–1561)
|[[File:Gajapati Prataprudra Deva.png|100px]]
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
|[[Prataparudra Deva]]
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] (1565–1570)
|1497–1540
* [[Periyapillai]] (1565–1582)
|-
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] (1591–1617)
|
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title=genealogy of the royal house of jaffna|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228065758/http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[Gajapati Empire|Kalua Deva]]
|1540–1541
|-
|
|[[Gajapati Empire|Kakharua Deva]]
|1541
|-
|}


==Kingdom of Tripura (1280–1949 CE)==
=== Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465–1947 CE) ===
{{Main|Twipra Kingdom}}
{{Main|Bikaner State|Rathore dynasty}}


===Manikya dynasty===
;Rulers–
{{Main|Manikya dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable"
 
! colspan=2 | Name
;List of rulers–
! Reign Began (in CE)
* Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
! Reign Ended (in CE)
* Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
|-
* Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)
! 1
 
| [[Rao Bika]]
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}
| 1465
On 9 September 1949, "[[Tripura Merger Agreement]]", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & [[Tripura]] became part of [[India|Indian Union]].<ref name=sharma>Suresh K. Sharma, ''Documents on North-East India: Tripura'', pp. 93-95</ref>
| 1504
 
|-
==Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)==
! 2
{{main|Nayaka dynasties}}
| [[Rao Narayan Singh]]
 
| 1504
===Musunuri Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1325–1368 CE)===
| 1505
{{main|Musunuri Nayakas }}
|-
 
! 3
There were two Musunuri Nayak:
| [[Rao Luna Karana]] (Lon-Karan)
* Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)
| 1505
* [[Musunuri Kapaya Nayak]] (1333–1368)
| 1526
 
|-
===Recherla Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1368–1435 CE)===
! 4
{{main|Recherla Nayakas}}
| [[Rao Jait Singh]] (Jetasi)
Known rulers are:
| 1526
*Anapota Nayaka
| 1542
 
|-
===Gandikota Kingdom (Pemmasani Nayaks) (c. 1441–1685 CE)===
! 5
{{main|Pemmasani Nayaks}}
| [[Rao Kalyan Mal]]
 
| 1542
This is the list of Pemmasani Kings:
| 1574
 
|-
* Pemmasani Kumara Veera Timma Nayaka (1441–1462)
! 6
* Pemmasani Chenna vibhudu (1462–1505)
| [[Rao Rai Singh I]] (Rai Rai Singh)
* Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayaka (1505–1540)
| 1574
* Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka (1540–1565)
| 1612
* Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka (1565–1598)
|-
* Pemmasani Timma Nayaka (1598–1623)
! 7
* Pemmasani Chinna Timma Nayaka (1623–1652)
| [[Rai Dalpat Singh]] (Dalip)
* Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka (1652–1685)
| 1612
 
| 1613
===Keladi Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1499–1763 CE)===
|-
{{main|Nayakas of Keladi}}
! 8
 
| [[Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya]]
*Chauda Gowda, (1499–1530)
| 1613
*Sadashiva Nayaka (1530–1566)
| 1631
*Sankanna Nayaka (1566–1570)
|-
*Chikka Sankanna Nayaka (1570–1580)
! 9
*Rama Raja Nayaka (1580–1586)
| [[Rao Karan Singh]] (Jangalpat Badhshah)
*Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (1586–1629)
| 1631
*Virabhadra Nayaka (1629–1645)
| 1667
*[[Shivappa Nayaka]] (1645–1660)  
|-
*Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka (1660–1662)
! 10
*Bhadrappa Nayaka (1662–1664)
| [[Anup Singh of Bikaner|Anup Singh]]
*Somashekara Nayaka I (1664–1672)
| 1669
*[[Keladi Chennamma]] (1672–1697)  
| 1698
*Basavappa Nayaka (1697–1714)
|-
*Somashekara Nayaka II (1714–1739)
! 11
*Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka (1739–1754)
| [[Rao Sarup Singh]]
*Chenna Basappa Nayaka (1754–1757)
| 1698
*Queen Virammaji (1757–1763)
| 1700
 
|-
===Gingee (Senji) Nayak Kingdom (c. 1509–1649 CE)===
! 12
{{main|Nayaks of Gingee}}
| [[Rao Sujan Singh]]
 
| 1700
Some of the Nayakas in the Gingee line were:
| 1735
 
|-
*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
! 13
*Chennappa Nayaka
| [[Rao Zorawar Singh]]
*Gangama Nayaka
| 1735
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
| 1746
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
|-
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
! 14
*Varadappa Nayaka
| [[Rao Gaj Singh]]
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
| 1746
*Venkata Perumal Naidu
| 1787
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
|-
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)
! 15
 
| [[Rao Rai Singh II]] (Raj Singh)
''Srinivasachari takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and mentions the following Nayakas in the Gingee line, noting governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464:''
| 1787
 
| 1787
*1490 – Vaiyappa Nayak
|-
*1490–1520 – Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka (originally Bala / Vala Krishnappa who became Tubbaki / Dubakki / Dubala Krishnappa in local legends).
! 16
*1520–1540 – Achyuta Vijaya Ramachandra Nayak
| [[Rao Pratap Singh]]
*1540–1550 – Muthialu Nayak
| 1787
*1570–1600 – Venkatappa Nayak
| 1787
*1600–1620 – Varadappa Nayak
|-
*Appa Nayak – up to Muslim conquest.
! 17
 
| [[Rao Surat Singh]]
===Madurai Nayak dynasty (c. 1529–1736 CE)===
| 1787
{{main|Madurai Nayak dynasty}}
| 1828
 
|-
*[[Viswanatha Nayak]] (1529–1563)
! 18
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayak (1563–1573)
| [[Rao Ratan Singh]]
*Joint Rulers Group I (1573–1595)
| 1828
*Joint Rulers Group II (1595–1602)
| 1851
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1602–1609)
|-
*Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)
! 19
*[[Tirumala Nayaka]] (1623–1659)
| [[Rao Sardar Singh]]
*Muthu Alakadri Nayak (1659–1662)
| 1851
*[[Chokkanatha Nayak]] (1662–1682)
| 1872
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
|-
*[[Rani Mangammal]] (1689–1704)
! 20
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayak (1704–1731)
| [[Dungar Singh]]
*[[Meenakshi (Nayak queen)|Queen Meenakshi]] (1731–1736)
| 1872
 
| 1887
===Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)===
|-
{{main|Thanjavur Nayak kingdom}}
! 21
 
| [[Ganga Singh]]
*[[Chevvappa Nayak]] a.k.a. Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
| 1887
*[[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614)
| 1943
*[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634)
|-
*[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673)
! 22
 
| [[Sadul Singh of Bikaner|Sadul Singh]]
===Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)===
| 1943
{{main|Nayaks of Vellore}}
| 1947
 
|-
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
! 23
 
| [[Maharaja Karni Singh|Karni Singh]]
*Chinna Bommi Reddy
| 1947
*Thimma Reddy Nayak
| 1971
*Lingama Nayak
|-
 
|}
===Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1588–1779 CE)===
{{main|Nayakas of Chitradurga}}
 
*Timmanna Nayaka (1568–1589)
*Obanna Nayaka I (1588–1602)
*Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I (1602–1652)
*Madakari Nayaka II (1652–1674)  
*Obanna Nayaka II (1674–1675)
*Shoora Kantha Nayaka (1675–1676)
*Chikkanna Nayaka (1676–1686)
*Madakari Nayaka III (1686–1688)
*Donne Rangappa Nayaka (1688–1689)
*Bharamanna Nayaka of Bilichodu (1689–1721)
*Madakari Nayaka IV (1721–1748)
*Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II (1748–1758),
*[[Madakari Nayaka]] (1758–1779)
 
===Kandy Nayak Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)===
{{main|Nayaks of Kandy}}
 
*Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739–1747)
*Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747–1782)
*Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha (1782–1798)
*Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815)<ref>{{cite book |last=Somasekhara Sarma |first=Mallampalli |year=1946 |title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32066 |publisher=Andhra University |location=Waltair |page=81}}: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rama Rao |first=M. |year=1947 |title=The Fall of Warangal and After |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=10 |page=295 |jstor=44137150 |quote="It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs."}}</ref>
 
===Other Nayaka kingdoms===
 
* [[Nayakas of Shorapur]]
* [[Nayakas of Kalahasti]]
* Nayakas of Harappanahalli
* Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
* Nayakas of Kuppam
* Nayakas of Rayalaseema
* Nayakas of Jarimale
* Nayakas of Gudekote
* Nayakas of Nayakanahatti<ref>{{cite book|last=Howes|first=Jennifer|title=The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=07-0071-585-1|page=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Velcheru Narayana |last2=Shulman |first2=David |last3=Subrahmanyam |first3=Sanjay |year=1998 |title=Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=18}}</ref>
 
==Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448 CE)==
{{main|Reddy Kingdom}}
 
;List of rulers–
* [[Prolaya Vema Reddy]] (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
* Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
* Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
* Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
* Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
* Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
* Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty
 
==Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (1325–1526 CE)==
{{main|Oiniwar dynasty}}
 
;List of rulers–
According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:<ref name="jha155-157">{{cite book|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA155|first=Makhan |last=Jha|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd|pages=155–157|year=1997|isbn=9788175330344}}</ref>
* Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
* Atirupa Thakur
* Vishwarupa Thakur
* Govinda Thakur
* Lakshman Thakur
* Kameshwar Thakur
* Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
* Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
* Kirti Singh
* Bhava Singh Deva
* Deva Simha Singh
* Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Coomaraswamy|first=Ananda Kentish|title=Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna.|publisher=The Old Bourne Press|year=1915|location=London}}</ref>
* Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]] after many years of waiting for her husband's return.<ref name=":2" />
* Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Love Songs of Vidyāpati|publisher=G. Allen & Unwin|year=1963|location=London|translator-last=Bhattacharya|translator-first=Deben}}</ref>
* Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
* Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
* Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
* Dhir Singh Deva
* Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
* Rambhadra Deva
* Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE
 
== Vijayanagara Empire (1336 – 1646 CE) ==
{{main|Vijayanagara Empire}}


In [[Vijayanagara Empire]] four dynasties ruled for 310 years on whole [[South India]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ramchandra |last=Dhere |title=Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUeeAgAAQBAJ |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press, 2011 |isbn=9780199777648 |pages=243}}</ref>
=== Deccan Sultanates (c. 1490–1686 CE) ===
=== Sangama dynasty (1336 – 1485 CE) ===
{{main|Deccan Sultanates}}
{{main|Sangama dynasty}}
* [[Harihara I]] (1336–1356 CE), founder of empire and dynasty
* [[Bukka Raya I]] (1356–1377 CE), also founder of empire
* [[Harihara II]] (1377–1404 CE)
* [[Virupaksha Raya]] (1404–1405 CE)
* [[Bukka Raya II]] (1405–1406 CE)
* [[Deva Raya]] (1406–1422 CE)
* [[Ramachandra Raya]] (1422 CE)
* [[Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya]] (1422–1424)
* [[Deva Raya II]] (1424–1446 CE)
* [[Mallikarjuna Raya]] (1446–1465 CE)
* [[Virupaksha Raya II]] (1465–1485 CE)
* [[Praudha Raya ]] (1485 CE), last ruler


=== Saluva dynasty (1485 – 1505 CE) ===
====Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)====
{{main|Saluva dynasty}}
{{main|Bidar Sultanate}}
* [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]] (1485–1491 CE), first ruler
* [[Thimma Bhupala]] (1491 CE)
* [[Narasimha Raya II]] (1491–1505 CE), last ruler


=== Tuluva dynasty (1491 – 1570 CE) ===
* [[Qasim Barid I]] 1490–1504
{{main|Tuluva dynasty}}
* [[Amir Barid I]] 1504–1542
* [[Tuluva Narasa Nayaka]] (1491–1503 CE), first ruler
* [[Ali Barid Shah I]] 1542–1580
* [[Viranarasimha Raya]] (1503–1509 CE)
* [[Ibrahim Barid Shah]] 1580–1587
* [[Krishnadevaraya]] (1509–1529 CE), greatest ruler of empire
* [[Qasim Barid Shah II]] 1587–1591
* [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] (1529–1542 CE)
* [[Ali Barid Shah II]] 1591
* [[Sadasiva Raya]] (1542–1570 CE), last ruler
* [[Amir Barid Shah II]] 1591–1601
* [[Mirza Ali Barid Shah III]] 1601–1609
* [[Amir Barid Shah III]] 1609–1619


=== Aravidu dynasty (1542 – 1646 CE) ===
====Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)====
{{main|Aravidu dynasty}}
{{main|Berar sultanate}}
* [[Aliya Rama Raya]] (1542–1565 CE), first ruler
* [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] (1565–1572 CE)
* [[Sriranga Deva Raya]] (1572–1586 CE)
* [[Venkatapati Deva Raya]] (1586–1614 CE)
* [[Sriranga II]] (1614–1617 CE)
* [[Rama Deva Raya]] (1617–1632 CE)
* [[Peda Venkata Raya]] (1632–1642 CE)
* [[Sriranga III]] (1642–1646/1652 CE), last ruler of dynasty and empire


==Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE)==
* [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] (1490–1504)
{{main|Bahmani Sultanate}}
* [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] (1504–1530)
* [[Darya Imad Shah]] (1530–1562)
* [[Burhan Imad Shah]] (1562–1574)
* [[Tufal Khan]] 1574


* Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
====Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)====
* [[Mohammed Shah I|Muhammad Shah I]] (1358–1375)
{{main|Adil Shahi dynasty}}
* Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
* Daud Shah I (1378)
* Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
* Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
* Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
* [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] (1397–1422)
* [[Ahmad Shah I Wali]] (1422–1435), established his capital at [[Bidar]]
* Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
* Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
* [[Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III]] (1461–1463)
* [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]] (1463–1482)
* [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]](1482–1518)
* Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
* Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
* Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
* Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)


===Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562 CE)===
* [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] (1490–1511)
{{main|Malwa Sultanate}}
* [[Ismail Adil Shah]] (1511–1534)
* [[Mallu Adil Shah]] (1534)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] (1534–1558)
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]] (1558–1579)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] (1580–1627)
* [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur]] (1627–1657)
* [[Ali Adil Shah II]] (1657–1672)
* [[Sikandar Adil Shah]] (1672–1686)


====Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)====
====Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)====
* Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
{{main|Ahmadnagar Sultanate}}
* [[Hoshang Shah|Alp Khan Hushang]] (1405–1435)
*Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
* Masud Khan (1436)


====Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)====
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]] 1490–1510
* [[Mahmud Shah I]] (1436–1469)
* [[Burhan Shah I|Burhan Nizam Shah I]] 1510–1553
* [[Ghiyath Shah]] (1469–1500)
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] 1553–1565
* Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]] 1565–1588
* [[Mahmud Shah II]] (1511–1530)
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah II]] 1588–1589
* [[Ismail Nizam Shah]] 1589–1591
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah II]] 1591–1595
* [[Ibrahim Nizam Shah]] 1595–1596
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II]] 1596
* [[Bahadur Nizam Shah]] 1596–1600
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]] 1600–1610
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]] 1610–1631
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah III]] 1631–1633
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah III]] 1633–1636
 
====Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)====
{{main|Qutb Shahi dynasty}}
 
* [[Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk]] (1518–1543)
* [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]] (1543–1550)
* [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]] (1550)
* [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]] (1550–1580)
* [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] (1580–1612)
* [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]] (1612–1626)
* [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] (1626–1672)
* [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] (1672–1686)


==Patna Kingdom (1360–1948 CE)==
=== Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam  (c. 15th–17th century CE) ===
{{main|Patna State}}
{{main|Gatti Mudalis|Taramangalam}}


The rulers of Patna state of the [[Chauhan]] clan:<ref>{{citation |title=GENEALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHAUHAN RULERS OF PATNAGARH IN WESTERN ORISSA: A STUDY |publisher=IRJHRSS |url=https://1library.net/document/y9gpv4dq-genealogical-analysis-chauhan-rulers-patnagarh-western-orissa-study.html |author=Raghumani Naik |date=3 March 2018 |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref>
;List of known rulers–
* Vanagamudi Gatti
* Immudi Gatti
* Gatti Mudali


*[[Ramai Deva]] (1360–1380), founder of dynasty
== Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE) ==
*Mahalinga Deva (1380–1385)
*Vatsaraja Deva (1385–1410)
*Vaijala Deva I (1410–1430)
*Bhojaraj Deva (1430–1455)
*Pratap Rudra Deva I (1455–1480)
*Bhupal Deva I (1480–1500)
*Vikramaditya Deva I (1500–1520)
*Vaijal Deva II (1520–1540)
*Bajra Hiradhara Deva (1540–1570)
*Narsingh Deva (1570–1577)
*Hamir Deva (1577–1581)
*Pratap Deva II (1581–1620)
*Vikramaditya Deva II (1620–1640)
*Mukunda Deva (1640–1670)
*Balaram Deva (1670–1678)
*Hrdesha Deva (1678–1685)
*Rai Singh Deva (1685–1762)
*Prithviraj Deva (1762–1765)
*Ramchandra Singh Deo I (1765–1820)
*Bhupal Singh Deo (1820–1848)
*Hiravajra Singh Deo (1848–1866)
*Pratap Singh Deo (1866–25 November 1878)
*Ramchandra Singh Deo II (25 November 1878 – 1895)
*Lal Dalganjan Singh Deo (1895–1910)
*Prithviraj Singh (1910–1924)
*[[Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo]] (1924–1 January 1948), last official ruler of dynasty & merge kingdom in [[India]] in 1948 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/patna.html |title=Patna Princely State (9 gun salute) |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913055403/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/patna.html |archive-date=13 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (1365–1632 CE)==
===Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)===
{{main|Baro-Bhuyan}}
[[Kingdom of Cochin#List of Maharajas of Cochin|List of Maharajas of Cochin]]


;List of Kingdoms and their rulers as–
=== Koch Kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE) ===
[[Koch dynasty#Branches|List of Maharajas of Koch]]


===Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)===
=== Mughal Empire (c. 1526–1857 CE) ===
[[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire]]


* Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
===Sur Empire (c. 1540–1555 CE)===
* Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
[[Sur Empire#List of rulers of the Sur Empire|List of rulers of the Sur Empire]]
* Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
* Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)


===Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)===
===Gajapati of Odisha===
[[Bhoi dynasty#Gajapati of Odisha|Lists of Gajapatis]]


*[[Isa Khan]]
=== Khurda Kingdom ===
*[[Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)]]
[[Bhoi dynasty#Khurda kingdom|List of rulers of Khurda]]
*[[Masum Khan]]


== Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523 CE) ==
=== Kingdom of Sikkim (c. 1642–1975 CE) ===
{{main|Tomaras of Gwalior}}
[[Chogyal#Chogyal kings of Sikkim|List of Chogyals of Sikkim]]


The Tomara rulers of [[Gwalior]] include the following.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty |year=1984 |title=Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Arnold-Heinemann |pages=98–116 |isbn=978-0-391-03223-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=B. D. Misra |year=1993 |title=Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lihuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Manohar |pages=27–46 |isbn=978-81-7304-047-4 }}</ref>
=== Maratha Empire (c. 1674–1818 CE) ===
{{main|List of Maratha rulers|List of Maratha dynasties and states}}


{| class="wikitable"
[[Bhonsle dynasty#List of Members|List of Chhatrapatis of the Marathas]]
! Name in dynasty's inscriptions ([[IAST]]) !! Reign !! Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
|-
| Vīrasiṃha-deva || 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) || Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Badauni]]'s writings), Nar Singh (in [[Firishta]]'s and Nizamuddin's writings).<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |year=1963 |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=6 |oclc=500687579}}</ref>
|-
| Uddharaṇa-deva || 1400–1402 CE || Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sant Lal Katare |title=Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior |journal=Journal of the Oriental Institute |volume=XXIII |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGBjAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University |page=346}}</ref>
|-
| Virāma-deva || 1402–1423 CE || Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in [[Firishta]]'s writings)
|-
| Gaṇapati-deva || 1423–1425 CE || Ganpati Dev
|-
| Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha || 1425–1459 CE || Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
|-
| Kirtisiṃha-deva || 1459–1480 CE || Kirti Singh Tomar
|-
| Kalyāṇamalla || 1480–1486 CE || Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
|-
| [[Man Singh Tomar|Māna-siṃha]] || 1486–1516 CE || Mana Sahi, Man Singh
|-
| Vikramāditya || 1516–1523 CE || Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit
|}


==Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1950 CE)==
==== Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE) ====
{{main|Kingdom of Mysore}}
[[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom#List of Rulers|List of Thanjavur Maratha rulers]]


===Wadiyar dynasty (first rule, 1399–1761 CE)===
====The Peshwas (c. 1713–1858 CE)====
{{main|Wadiyar dynasty}}
[[Peshwa#List of Peshwas|List of Peshwas]]


;List of rulers–
==== Baroda State (c. 1721–1947 CE) ====
* [[Yaduraya Wodeyar]] or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
[[Gaekwad dynasty#Gaikwad Maharajas of Baroda|List of Maharajas of Baroda]]
* Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
* Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
* Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
* Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
* Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
* Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
* Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
* ''Ranadhira'' [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I]] (1638–1659 CE)
* [[Dodda Kempadevaraja|Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1659–1673 CE)
* [[Chikka Devaraja|Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar]] (1673–1704 CE)
* [[Kanthirava Narasaraja II|Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II]] (1704–1714 CE)
* Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
* ''Immadi'' [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar II]] (1734–1766 CE), ruled under [[Hyder Ali]] from 1761 CE
* Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under [[Tipu Sultan]] until his deposition in 1796 CE.


;The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799 CE.
====Gwalior State (c. 1731–1947 CE)====
[[Scindia#Shinde Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior|List of Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior]]


===Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799 CE)===
==== Indore State (c. 1731–1948 CE) ====
* [[Hyder Ali]] (1761–1782 CE)
[[House of Holkar|List of Maharajas of Indore]]
* [[Tipu Sultan]] (1782–1799 CE), son of Hyder Ali.


===Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950 CE)===
=== Kingdom of Bengal (c. 1717–1757 CE) ===
{{Main|Nawabs of Bengal}}
List of rulers-


* ''Mummudi'' [[Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar|Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]] (1799–1868 CE)
* [[Murshid Quli Khan|Nawab Murshid Quli Khan]] (1717–1727), first ruler
* [[Chamaraja Wodeyar|Chamaraja Wodeyar IX]] (1868–1894 CE)
* [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan|Nawab Shuja Ud Din Muhammad Khan]] (1727–1739)
* [[Maharani Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana|Vani Vilas Sannidhana]], queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to 1902 CE)
* [[Sarfaraz Khan|Nawab Sarfaraz Khan]] (1739–1740)
* ''Nalvadi'' [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1894–1940 CE)
* [[Alivardi Khan|Nawab Alivardi Khan]] (1740–1756)
* [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar|Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]] (1940–1950 CE)
* [[Siraj-ud-Daulah|Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah]] (1756–1757), last ruler


==Gajapati Empire of Orissa (1434–1541 CE)==
=== Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur and Deeg (c. 1683–1947 CE) ===
{{main|Gajapati Empire}}
{{Main|Bharatpur State}}


;List of rulers–
;List of rulers
* [[Kapilendra Deva]] (1434–1467 CE), founder of dynasty
{{Sinsinwar Jat}}
* [[Purushottama Deva]] (1467–1497 CE)
* [[Prataparudra Deva]] (1497–1540 CE)
* [[Kalua Deva]] (1540–1541 CE)
* [[Kakharua Deva]] (1541 CE), last ruler of dynasty


== Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (1465–1947 CE) ==
=== Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE) ===
{{Main| Bikaner State }}
{{main|Pudukkottai state}}
{{See also| Rathore|Bikaner| Jangladesh}}
 
;Rulers-
* [[Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman]] (1686–1730), first ruler
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I]] (1730–1769)
* [[Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (1769–1789)
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (December 1789–1 February 1807)
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II]] (1 February 1807–June 1825)
* [[Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (June 1825–13 July 1839)
* [[Ramachandra Tondaiman]] (13 July 1839 – 15 April 1886)
* [[Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman]] (15 April 1886 – 28 May 1928)
* [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]] (28 October 1928 – 15 August 1947), last ruler
 
=== Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE) ===
{{main|Sivaganga estate}}
 
;Rulers–<ref>K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, ''A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State'', p.720</ref>
* Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), founder of kingdom
* Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
* [[Velu Nachiyar]] (1780–1790)
* [[Vellacci]] (1790–1793)
* Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last independent ruler
 
;[[Zamindar]] under [[British rule]] (1803–1947)
 
=== Kingdom of Travancore (c. 1729–1949 CE) ===
{{main|Travancore}}
 
;Rulers–
* [[Marthanda Varma]] (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
* [[Dharma Raja]] (1758–1798 CE)
* [[Balarama Varma]] (1798–1810CE)
* [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]] (1810–1815 CE)
* [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]] (1815–1829 CE)
* [[Swathi Thirunal]] (1829–1846 CE)
* [[Uthram Thirunal]] (1846–1860 CE)
* [[Ayilyam Thirunal]] (1860–1880 CE)
* [[Visakham Thirunal]] (1880–1885 CE)
* [[Moolam Thirunal]] (1885–1924 CE)
* [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]] (1924–1931 CE)
* [[Chithira Thirunal]] (1931–1949 CE), last ruler
 
=== Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (c. 1769–1858 CE) ===
{{main|Newalkar|Jhansi State}}


;List of rulers–
;List of rulers–
{| class="wikitable"
* Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
! colspan=2 | Name
* Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
! Reign Began (in CE)
* Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
! Reign Ended (in CE)
* Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
|-
* Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
! 1
* [[Gangadhar Rao]] (1843–1853)
| [[Rao Bika]]
* [[Rani Lakshmi Bai]] as regent of [[Anand Rao|Damodar Rao]] of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3BzmTdQLioC&pg=PA227|title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide|author1=Guida M. Jackson|author2=Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1999|page=227|isbn=9781576070918}}</ref>
| 1465
 
| 1504
=== Phulkian Dynasty of Punjab (c. 1763–1947) ===
[[Phulkian dynasty]]
 
[[Maharaja of Patiala]]
 
[[Nabha State]]
 
[[Jind State]]
 
===Sikh Empire (c. 1801–1849 CE)===
[[Sikh Empire#List of rulers|Maharaja of Punjab]]
 
=== Smaller Muslim polities ===
* [[Hyderabad State]]
* [[Nawab of Awadh]]
* [[Nawab of Bengal]]
* [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
** [[Hyder Ali]]
** [[Tipu Sultan]]
 
=== Dogra dynasty of Kashmir and Jammu (c. 1846–1952 CE) ===
[[Dogra dynasty#History of the Jamwal rulers|Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu]]
 
== Modern India (c. 1850s onwards) ==
=== Indian Empire (1858–1947 CE) ===
{{main|British Raj|Emperor of India}}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Portrait
!Name
!Birth
!Reign
!Death
!Consort
![[Delhi Durbar|Imperial Durbar]]
![[Royal House]]
|-
|-
! 2
|[[File:Heinrich von Angeli (1840-1925) - Queen Victoria (1819-1901) - RCIN 403405 - Royal Collection.jpg|180x180px]]
| [[Rao Narayan Singh]]
|[[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| 1504
|24 May 1819
| 1505
|1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901
|22 January 1901
|''None''{{efn|Victoria's husband [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]] died on 14 December 1861.}}
|[[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1877|1 January 1877]]<br>(''represented by [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]]'')
|[[House of Hanover|Hanover]]
|-
|-
! 3
|[[File:King Edward VII by Sir (Samuel) Luke Fildes.jpg|169x169px]]
| [[Rao Luna Karana]] ''Lon-Karan''
|{{Nowrap|[[Edward VII]]}}
| 1505
|9 November 1841
| 1526
|22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910
|6 May 1910
|[[File:Sir Samuel Luke Fildes (1843-1927) - Queen Alexandra (1844-1925) - RCIN 404554 - Royal Collection.jpg|122x122px]]
[[Alexandra of Denmark]]
|[[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1903|1 January 1903]]<br>(''represented by [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]]'')
|[[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|-
|-
! 4
|[[File:King George V 1911.jpg|169x169px]]
| [[Rao Jait Singh]] ''Jetasi''
|[[George V]]
| 1526
|3 June 1865
| 1542
|6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936
|20 January 1936
|[[File:Queen Mary by William Llewellyn.jpg|117x117px]]
[[Mary of Teck]]
|[[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911|12 December 1911]]
|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha<br>{{small|(1910–1917)}}<br><hr />[[House of Windsor|Windsor]]<br>{{small|(1917–1936)}}
|-
|-
|[[File:His Majesty King Edward VIII in Garter Robes (cropped).jpg|169x169px]]
|{{Nowrap|[[Edward VIII]]}}
|23 June 1894
|20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936
|28 May 1972
|''None''
|''None''{{efn|[[Abdication of Edward VIII|Edward VIII abdicated]] after less than one year of reign.}}
|Windsor
|-
|-
! 5
|[[File:King George VI.jpg|169x169px]]
| [[Rao Kalyan Mal]] – Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor [[Akbar]] at [[Nagaur]] in November 1570
|[[George VI]]
| 1542
|14 December 1895
| 1574
|11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947<ref name="George VI">George VI retained the title "[[Emperor of India]]" until 22 June 1948.</ref>
|6 February 1952
|[[File:Queen Elizabeth Bowes Lyon in Coronation Robes by Sir Gerald Kelly.jpg|117x117px]]
[[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
|''None''{{efn|A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to [[Poverty in India#Poverty prevalence and estimates|poverty]] and demands for [[Indian independence movement|independence]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Vickers|first=Hugo|title=Elizabeth: The Queen Mother|publisher=Arrow Books/Random House|year=2006|page=175|isbn=978-0-09-947662-7}}</ref>}}
|Windsor
|}
 
=== Dominion of India  (1947–1950 CE) ===
{{main|Dominion of India|List of heads of state of India#Monarch of India (1947–1950)}}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Portrait
!Name
!Birth
!Reign
!Death
!Consort
![[Royal House]]
|-
|-
|-
|[[File:King George VI.jpg|170x170px]]
! 6
|[[George VI]]
| [[Rao Rai Singh I]]  ''Rai Rai Singh'' – Important General in the Mughal army Similar to Raja Man Singh I of Amber
|14 December 1895
| 1574
|15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950<ref name="George VI"/>
| 1612
|6 February 1952
|-
|[[File:Queen Elizabeth Bowes Lyon in Coronation Robes by Sir Gerald Kelly.jpg|117x117px]]
|-
[[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
! 7
|Windsor
| [[Rai Dalpat Singh]] ''Dalip''
|}
| 1612
 
| 1613
== See also ==
|-y.
* [[Greater India]]
|-
* [[History of India]]
! 8
* [[History of Hinduism]]
| [[Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya]]
* [[Middle kingdoms of India]]
| 1613
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]
| 1631
* [[List of wars involving India]]
|-
* [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent]]
|-
* [[Outline of South Asian history]]
! 9
* [[History of Republic of India (1947–present)]]
| [[Rao Karan Singh]] ''Jangalpat Badhshah'' – Deposed by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] for dereliction of duty at [[Attock]], 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura in the Deccan
| 1631
| 1667
|-
|-
! 10
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Anup Singh]] –  To be the first to be granted the title "Maharaja" by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]. Served in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] campaign at [[Salher]] in 1672, [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] in 1675, and the siege of [[Golconda]] in 1687. He was administrator of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] from 1677 to 1678, 'Hakim' of [[Adoni]] in 1678, [[Imtiazgarh]] and [[Adoni]] from 1689 to 1693, and of Nusratabad and Sukkar from 1693 to 1698 CE
| 1669
| 1698
|-
|-
! 11
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Sarup Singh]] – He died from [[smallpox]] at [[Adoni]] in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] on 15 December 1700
| 1698
| 1700
|-
|-
! 12
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Sujan Singh]] – Ordered to attend Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from [[Maharaja Abhai Singh]] of [[Jodhpur]] and [[Maharaja Bakht Singh]] of [[Nagaur]], but successfully repulsed both
| 1700
| 1735
|-
|-
! 13
| ''Maharaja''  [[Rao Zorawar Singh]]
| 1735
| 1746
|-
|-
! 14
|  ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Gaj Singh]] –  the first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor [[Alamgir II]]
| 1746
| 1787
|-
! 15
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Rai Singh II]] ''Raj Singh''
| 1787
| 1787
|-
! 16
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Pratap Singh]] – Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne
| 1787
| 1787
|-
|-
! 17
| ''Maharaja'' [[Rao Surat Singh]] – He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the [[East India Company]] with a [[subsidiary alliance]] on 9 March 1818
| 1787
| 1828
|-
|-
! 18
| ''Narendra Maharaja'' [[Rao Ratan Singh]] – Received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor [[Akbar Shah II]] and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the [[First Afghan War]] of 1841
| 1828
| 1851
|-
|-
! 19
| ''Narendra Maharaja''  [[Rao Sardar Singh]] – Assisted the British during the [[Indian Mutiny|Indian Uprising of 1857]] and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with ''Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria''.
| 1851
| 1872
|-
|-
! 20
| ''Narendra Maharaja'' [[Dungar Singh|Rao Dungar Singh]] – Assisted the British during the [[Second Afghan War]].
| 1872
| 1887
|-
|-
! 21
| ''General Narendra Maharaja Sir'' [[Ganga Singh|Rao Ganga Singh]]  – Member of Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) for [[Bikaner]], 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the [[League of Nations]].
| 1887
| 1943
|-
! 22
| ''Lieutenant-General Narendra Maharaja Sir''  [[Sadul Singh of Bikaner|Rao Sadul Singh]] – Signed the [[Instrument of Accession]] to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of [[Rajasthan]], India on 30 March 1949.
| 1943
| 1947
|-
! 23
| [[Maharaja Karni Singh|Rao Karni Singh]] 
| 1947
| 1971
|}
 
==Shahi dynasties (1490–1686 CE)==
;Dynasties are as follow–
 
===Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)===
{{main|Bidar Sultanate}}
 
* [[Qasim Barid I]] 1490–1504
* [[Amir Barid I]] 1504–1542
* [[Ali Barid Shah I]] 1542–1580
* [[Ibrahim Barid Shah]] 1580–1587
* [[Qasim Barid Shah II]] 1587–1591
* [[Ali Barid Shah II]] 1591
* [[Amir Barid Shah II]] 1591–1601
* [[Mirza Ali Barid Shah III]] 1601–1609
* [[Amir Barid Shah III]] 1609–1619
 
===Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)===
{{main|Berar Sultanate}}
 
* [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] (1490–1504)
* [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] (1504–1530)
* [[Darya Imad Shah]] (1530–1562)
* [[Burhan Imad Shah]] (1562–1574)
* [[Tufal Khan]] 1574
 
===Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)===
{{main|Adil Shahi dynasty}}
 
* [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] (1490–1511)
* [[Ismail Adil Shah]] (1511–1534)
* [[Mallu Adil Shah]] (1534)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] (1534–1558)
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]] (1558–1579)
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] (1580–1627)
* [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur]] (1627–1657)
* [[Ali Adil Shah II]] (1657–1672)
* [[Sikandar Adil Shah]] (1672–1686)
 
===Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)===
{{main|Ahmadnagar Sultanate}}
 
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]] 1490–1510
* [[Burhan Shah I|Burhan Nizam Shah I]] 1510–1553
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] 1553–1565
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]] 1565–1588
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah II]] 1588–1589
* [[Ismail Nizam Shah]] 1589–1591
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah II]] 1591–1595
* [[Ibrahim Nizam Shah]] 1595–1596
* [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II]] 1596
* [[Bahadur Nizam Shah]] 1596–1600
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]] 1600–1610
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]] 1610–1631
* [[Hussain Nizam Shah III]] 1631–1633
* [[Murtaza Nizam Shah III]] 1633–1636
 
===Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)===
{{main|Qutb Shahi dynasty}}
 
* [[Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk]] (1518–1543)
* [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]] (1543–1550)
* [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]] (1550)
* [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]] (1550–1580)
* [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] (1580–1612)
* [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]] (1612–1626)
* [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] (1626–1672)
* [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] (1672–1686)
 
==Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam  (15th–17th century CE)==
{{main|Gatti Mudalis|Taramangalam}}
 
;List of known rulers–
*Vanagamudi Gatti
*Immudi Gatti
*Gatti Mudali
 
==Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)==
{{main|Kingdom of Cochin}}
 
Veerakerala Varma, nephew of [[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]], is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
 
# Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
# Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
# Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
# Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
# Godavarma (1637–1645)
# Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
# Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
# Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
# Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
# Goda Varma (1662–1663)
# Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
# Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
# Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
# Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
# Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
# Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
# Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
# Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
# Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
# Veera [[Kerala Varma II]] (1760–1775)
# [[Rama Varma VIII]] (1775–1790)
# [[Shaktan Thampuran]] (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
# [[Rama Varma X]] (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
# Veera [[Kerala Varma III]] (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month ([[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]]))
# [[Rama Varma XI]] (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XII]] (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XIII]] (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
# Veera [[Kerala Varma IV]] (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
# [[Ravi Varma IV]] (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XIV]] (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
# [[Kerala Varma V]] (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
# [[Rama Varma XV]] (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
# [[Rama Varma XVI]] (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
# [[Rama Varma XVII]] (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
# [[Kerala Varma VI]] (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
# [[Ravi Varma V]] (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
# [[Aikya Keralam Thampuran|Kerala Varma VII]] (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
# [[Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran|Rama Varma XVIII]] (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran
 
==Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE) ==
{{main|Koch dynasty}}
 
===Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)===
*[[Biswa Singha]] (1515–1540)
*[[Nara Narayan]] (1540–1586)
 
===Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)===
{{main|Cooch Behar State}}
 
* Lakshmi Narayan
* Bir Narayan
* Pran Narayan
* Basudev Narayan
* Mahindra Narayan
* Roop Narayan
* Upendra Narayan
* Devendra Narayan
* Dhairjendra Narayan
* Rajendra Narayan
* Dharendra Narayan
* Harendra Narayan
* Shivendra Narayan
* [[Narendra Narayan]]
* [[Nripendra Narayan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html|title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless|website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk}}</ref>
* [[Rajendra Narayan|Rajendra Narayan II]]
* [[Jitendra Narayan]] (father of [[Gayatri Devi]])
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949)
 
=== Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)===
{{main|Koch Hajo}}
* Raghudev (son of [[Chilarai]], nephew of Nara Narayan)
* Parikshit Narayan
 
=== Rulers of Darrang ===
 
* Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
* Mahendra Narayan
* Chandra Narayan
* Surya Narayan
 
=== Rulers of Beltola ===
{{Main|History of Beltola}}
 
*Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of [[Koch Hajo]], brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of [[Darrang district|Darrang]]).
*Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
*Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
*Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
*Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
*Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
*Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
*Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
*Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
*Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
*Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
*Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)
 
=== Rulers of Bijni ===
The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]].
 
* Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
* Joy Narayan
* Shiv Narayan
* Bijoy Narayan
* Mukunda Narayan
* Haridev Narayan
* Balit Narayan
* Indra Narayan
* Amrit Narayan
* Kumud Narayan
* Jogendra Narayan
* Bhairabendra Narayan
 
=== Rulers of Khaspur ===
 
The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:<ref name="bhatta94begend">{{cite book |last=Bhattacharjee |first=J B |year=1994 |chapter=Pre-colonial Political Structure of Barak Valley |editor-last=Sangma |editor-first=Milton S |title=Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao  |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |pages=71 |isbn=978-81-7387-015-6 |quote=The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong.}}</ref>
* Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
* Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
* Vijay Narayana
* Dhir Narayana
* Mahendra Narayana
* Ranjit
* Nara Singha
* Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of [[Kachari kingdom]], and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)
 
== Khandwala (Raj Darbhanga) dynasty of Mithila (1526–1947 CE) ==
{{main|Raj Darbhanga}}
 
;List of rulers–
*  Raja Mahesh Thakur (Approx. 1526–1557)
*  Raja Gopal Thakur (Approx. 1557–1600)
*  Raja Parmanand Thakur (Approx. 1600–1607)
*  Raja Purushottam Thakur (ruled 1607–1623)
*  Raja Narayan Thakur (ruled 1623–1642).
*  Raja Sundar Thakur (ruled 1642–1662)
*  Raja Mahinath Thakur (ruled 1662–1684)
*  Raja Nirpat Thakur (ruled 1684–1700)
*  Raja Raghu Singh (ruled 1700–1736)
*  Raja Bishnu Singh (ruled 1736–1740)
*  Raja Narendra Singh (ruled 1740–1760)
*  Raja Pratap Singh (ruled 1760–1776)
*  Raja Madho Singh (ruled 1776–1808)
*  Maharaja Chhatra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1808–1839)
*  Maharaja Rudra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1839–1850)
*  Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1850–1860)
*  [[Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh]] Bahadur (ruled 1860–1898)
*  Maharaja [[Rameshwar Singh Bahadur]] (ruled 1898–1929)
*  [[Kameshwar Singh|Maharaja Kameshwar Singh Bahadur]] (ruled 1929–1947), last ruler of dynasty<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL094.PDF |title=The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 94 |website=GhandiServe}}</ref>
 
==Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE)==
{{main|Mughal Empire}}
 
* [[Babur]] (1526–1530), founder of the dynasty
* [[Humayun]] (1530–1540)
* [[Akbar]] (1556–1605)
* [[Jahangir]] (1605–1627)
* [[Shah Jahan]] (1627–1657)
* [[Aurangzeb]] (1658–1707)
*[[Muhammad Azam Shah]] (1707)
* [[Bahadur Shah I]] (1707–1712)
* [[Jahandar Shah]] (1712–1713)
* [[Farrukh Siyar]] (1713–1719)
* [[Rafi ud Darajat]] (1719)
* [[Rafi ud Daulah]] (1719)
* [[Nikusiyar]] (1719)
* [[Muhammad Shah]] (first rule, 1719–1720)
* [[Muhammad Ibrahim (13th Mughal emperor)|Muhammad Ibrahim]] (1720)
* [[Muhammad Shah]] (restored) (1720–1748)
* [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] (1748–1754)
* [[Alamgir II]] (1754–1759)
* [[Shah Jahan III]] (1760)
* [[Shah Alam II]] (1759–1806)
* [[Akbar Shah II]] (1806–1837)
* [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]] (1837–1857), last of Mughals
 
==Sur Empire (1540–1555 CE)==
{{main|Sur Empire}}
 
* [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]]
* [[Islam Shah Suri]] (1545–1554)
* [[Firuz Shah Suri]] (1554)
* [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]] (1554–1555)
* [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]] (1555)
* [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] (1554–1555)
* [[Adil Shah Suri]] (1555–1556), last ruler of dynasty
 
==Bhoi dynasty (1541–1947 CE)==
{{main|Bhoi dynasty}}
 
===Gajapati of Odisha===
 
* [[Govinda Vidyadhara]] (1541–1548), founder of dynasty
* Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)
* Narasimha Ray Jena (1557–1558)<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Asiatic Society (Kolkata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFoyAQAAMAAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara+writer&pg=PA187 |title=Journal |date=1901 |language=en}}</ref>
* Raghuram Ray Chotaraya (1558–1560)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Chotraya |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref>
 
===Khurda Kingdom===
{{main|Khurda Kingdom}}
 
* [[Ramachandra Deva I]] (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568–1600)
* Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)
* Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)
* Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)
* Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)
* Divyasingha Deva I (1689–1716)
* Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)
* Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)
* Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)
* Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)
* Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)
* Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804)
'''Dhenkanal State'''
 
{{Main|Dhenkanal State}}
 
List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cENQAQAAIAAJ&q=Bhoi+Dynasty |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref>
 
* Harisingh Vidyadhara (1530 -1594)
* Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (1594 - 1615)
* Balabhadra Ray Singh (1615 - 1641)
* Nilakantha Ray Singh (1641 - 1682)
* Nrusingh Bhramarbar (1682 - 1708)
* Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (1708 - 1728)
* Braja Behari Bhramarbar (1728 - 1741)
* Damodar Bhramarbar (1741 - 1743)
* Trilochna Dev Mahendra Bahadur (1743 - 1785)
* Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (1796 - 1807)
* Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1807 - 1822)
* Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1822 - 1830)
* Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (1830 - 1873)
* Pitambar Deo (1873 - 1877)
* Dinabandhu Mahendra Bahadur (1877 - 1885)
* Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (1885 - 1918)
* Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1918 - 1948)
 
'''Titular'''
 
* Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1948 - 1965)
* [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]] (born 6 August 1941)
 
===Puri Estate===
{{main|Puri Estate}}
 
* Mukundeva Deva II (1804–1817) (exiled and continued as Raja of Puri)
* Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)
* Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)
* Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)
* Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)
* Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1947), last official ruler of dynasty<ref>{{citation |title=The Traditional Role of Gajapati Maharaja in Shri Jagannath Temple |publisher=Orissa Review |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/july/engpdf/27-30.pdf |author=Bhaskar Mishra |date=July 2011 }}</ref>
 
===Titular rulers===
 
* Ramchandra Deva IV (1947–1956)
* Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970)
* [[Dibyasingha Deb|Divyasingha Deva IV]] (1970–current, Current Raja of Puri and Titular Gajapati)
 
==Chogyal Kingdom of Sikkim (1642–1975 CE)==
{{Main|Kingdom of Sikkim|Chogyal}}
 
* [[Phuntsog Namgyal]] (1642–1670): Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.
* [[Tensung Namgyal]] (1670–1700): Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.
* [[Chakdor Namgyal]] (1700–1717): His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.
* [[Gyurmed Namgyal]] (1717–1733): Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.
* [[Phuntsog Namgyal II]] (1733–1780): Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.
* [[Tenzing Namgyal]] (1780–1793): Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
* [[Tsugphud Namgyal]] (1793–1863): The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.
* [[Sidkeong Namgyal]] (1863–1874)
* [[Thutob Namgyal]] (1874–1914): John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.
* [[Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal]] (1914): The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.
* [[Tashi Namgyal]] (1914–1963): Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.
* [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]] (1963–1975): The last Chogyal of Sikkim.
 
==Maratha Empire (1674–1947 CE)==
{{main|Maratha Empire}}
{{see also|List of Maratha dynasties and states}}
 
===Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era===
 
* [[Shivaji|Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja]] (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
* [[Sambhaji|Sambhaji Maharaja]] (1680–1689), elder son of [[Shivaji]]
* [[Rajaram Chhatrapati]] (1689–1700), younger son of [[Shivaji]]
* [[Tarabai]], regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
* [[Shivaji II]] (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the [[Kolhapur]] Chhatrapatis
 
''The Empire was divided between two branches of the family (c. 1707–1710); and the division was formalized in 1731.''
 
===Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947 CE)===
{{main|Kolhapur State}}
 
* [[Shivaji II]] (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
* [[Sambhaji II of Kolhapur]] (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
* Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
* Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
* Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
* Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
* Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
* Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
* Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
* Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
* Council of regency (1870–94)
* Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
* Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
* Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
* [[Vikramsinhrao Puar|Shahaji II of Kolhapur]] (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II
 
''The state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]] following the [[independence of India]] in 1947.''
 
===Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1950 CE)===
{{see also|History of Satara district|Satara state}}
 
* [[Shahu I]] (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
* [[Ramaraja]] (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
* Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
* Pratapsinh I (1808–1839)
* Shahaji III (1839–1848)
* Pratapsinh II (adopted)
* Rajaram III
* Pratapsinh III
* Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)
 
===The Peshwas (1713–1858 CE)===
{{main|Peshwa}}
 
Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of [[Chattrapati Shahu]], and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.
 
* [[Balaji Vishwanath]] (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
* [[Bajirao|Peshwa Bajirao I]] (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
* [[Peshwa|Balaji Bajirao]] (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
* [[Madhavrao Ballal]] (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
* [[Narayanrao Bajirao]] (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
* [[Raghunath Rao Bajirao]] (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
* [[Sawai Madhavrao]] (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
* [[Baji Rao II]] (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
* [[Nana Sahib]] (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)
 
===Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947 CE)===
{{main|Gaekwad dynasty|Baroda State}}
 
* [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1721–1732)
* [[Damaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1732–1768)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (1768–1771)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I]] (1771–1789)
* [[Manaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1789–1793)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (restored) (1793–1800)
* [[Anand Rao Gaekwad]] (1800–1818)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II]] (1818–1847)
* [[Ganpat Rao Gaekwad]] (1847–1856)
* [[Khande Rao Gaekwad]] (1856–1870)
* [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad]] (1870–1875)
* [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] (1875–1939)
* [[Pratap Singh Gaekwad]] (1939–1951)
 
===Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947 CE)===
{{main|Scindia|Gwalior State}}
 
*[[Ranojirao Scindia]] (1731–19 July 1745)
*[[Jayapparao Scindia]] (1745–25 July 1755)
*[[Jankojirao I Scindia]] (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
* Meharban [[Dattaji Rao Scindia]], Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
* ''Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763''
*[[Kedarjirao Scindia]] (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
*[[Manajirao Scindia Phakade]] (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
*[[Mahadaji Scindia]] (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
*[[Daulatrao Scindia]] (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
*[[Jankoji Rao Scindia II]] (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
*[[Jayajirao Scindia]] (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
*[[Madho Rao Scindia]] (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
*[[George Jivajirao Scindia]] (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961
 
''Following the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].''
 
*[[Madhavrao Scindia]] (6 February 1949; died 2001)
*[[Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia]] (born 1 January 1971)
 
===Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948 CE)===
{{main|Holkar|Indore State}}
 
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar|Malharrao Holkar (I)]] (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
* Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
* [[Rajmata Ahilya Devi Holkar|Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar]] (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
* [[Tukojirao Tanaji Holkar|Tukojirao Holkar (I)]] (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
* Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
* [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar II|Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II]] (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
* [[Marthand Rao Holkar|Martandrao Malharrao Holkar]] (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
* [[Hari Rao Holkar|Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar]] (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
* [[Khande Rao Holkar II|Khanderao Harirao Holkar II]] (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)
* [[Tukojirao Holkar II|Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II]] (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
* [[Shivajirao Holkar|Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar]] (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
* [[Tukojirao Holkar III|Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III]] (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
* [[Yashwant Rao Holkar II|Yashwantrao Holkar II]] (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)
 
''Following the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]]. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.''
 
===Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1738–1854 CE)===
{{main|Nagpur kingdom}}
 
* [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji I]] (1738–1755)
* [[Janoji Bhonsle|Janoji]] (1755–1772)
* [[Sabaji Bhonsle|Sabaji]] (1772–1775)
* [[Mudhoji I Bhonsle|Mudhoji I]] (1775–1788)
* [[Raghoji II Bhonsle|Raghoji II]] (1788–1816)
* [[Parsoji Bhonsle]] (1800–1850)
* [[Mudhoji II Bhonsle|Mudhoji II]] (1816–1818)
* [[Raghoji III Bhonsle|Raghoji III]] (1818–1853)


''The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.''<ref>{{cite book |author=Prabhakar Gadre |date=1994 |title=Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company |location=Jaipur, India |publisher=Publication Scheme |page=257 |isbn=978-81-85263-65-6 |quote=Cogent arguments were advanced against the lapse of Nagpur State. But ... the view of the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie, pravailed and the Nagpur kingdom was annexed on 13th March, 1854.}}</ref>
=== Other lists of monarchs ===
 
* [[List of Tamil monarchs]]
== Thanjavur Maratha kingdom  (c. 1674–1855 CE) ==
* [[List of rulers of Assam]]
{{Main|Thanjavur Maratha kingdom}}
* [[List of rulers of Malwa]]
 
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]
The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of [[Thanjavur]] principality of [[Tamil Nadu]] between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was [[Thanjavur Marathi dialect|Thanjavur Marathi]]. [[Venkoji]], Shahaji's son and Shivaji's half brother, was the founder of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anwar|first=Kombai S.|date=2018-04-26|title=Thanjavur emerged as a thriving cultural capital under the Marathas|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/thanjavur-emerged-s-a-thriving-cultural-capital-under-the-marathas/article23681249.ece|access-date=2021-04-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[List of rulers of Odisha]]
 
* [[List of rulers of India]]
;List of rulers
* [[Lists of ancient kings]]
* [[Venkoji]]
* [[List of heads of state of India]]
* [[Shahuji I of Thanjavur]]
* [[List of Manipuri kings]]
* [[Serfoji I]]
* [[List of monarchs of Kashmir]]
* [[Tukkoji]]
* [[Legendary early Chola kings]]
* [[Pratapsingh of Thanjavur]]
* [[List of monarchs of Magadha]]
* [[Thuljaji]]
* [[Puru and Yadu Dynasties|List of Lunar dynasty kings]]
* [[Serfoji II]]
* [[List of Ikshvaku dynasty kings in Hinduism|List of Solar dynasty kings]]
* [[Shivaji II of Thanjavur]]
* [[List of Jat dynasties and states]]
 
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]
== Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur (1683–1947 CE) ==
* [[List of Brahmin dynasties and states]]
{{Main|Bharatpur State}}
* [[List of Jain states and dynasties]]
;List of rulers
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
{{Sinsinwar Jat}}
* [[List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate]]
 
* [[List of dynasties and rulers of Rajasthan]]
==The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)==
 
===Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770 CE)===
{{main|Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad}}
 
* [[Murshid Quli Jafar Khan]] (1707–1727)
* [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan|Sujauddin Khan]] (1727–1739)
* [[Sarfraz Khan]] (1739–1740)
* [[Alivardi Khan]] (1740–1756)
* [[Siraj Ud Daulah]] (1756–1757)
* [[Mir Jafar]] (1757–1760)
* [[Mir Qasim]] (1760–1763)
* [[Mir Jafar]] (1763–1765)
* [[Najm ud Daulah]] (1765–1766)
* [[Saif ud Daulah]] (1766–1770)
 
===Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858 CE)===
{{main|Oudh State}}
 
* [[Saadat Ali Khan I]] (1719–1737)
* [[Safdarjung]] (1737–1753)
* [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] (1753–1775)
* [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] (1775–1797)
* [[Wazir Ali Khan]] (1797–1798)
* [[Saadat Ali Khan II]] (1798–1814)
* [[Ghazi-ud-Din Haider]] (1814–1827)
* [[Nasiruddin Haider]] (1827–1837)
* [[Muhammad Ali Shah]] (1837–1842)
* [[Amjad Ali Shah]] (1842–1847)
* [[Wajid Ali Shah]] (1847–1856)
* [[Birjis Qadra]] (1856–1858)
 
===Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948 CE)===
{{main|Hyderabad State|Nizam of Hyderabad}}
 
* [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I]] (1720–1748)
* [[Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad|Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah]] (1748–1750)
* [[Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat|Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang]] (1750–1751)
* [[Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang|Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang]] (1751–1762)
* [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II]] (1762–1803)
* [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Asif Jah III|Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III]] (1803–1829)
* [[Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asif Jah IV|Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV]] (1829–1857)
* [[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V|Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V]] (1857–1869)
* [[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI|Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI]] (1869–1911)
* [[Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII|Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII]] (1911–1948)
 
==Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1949 CE)==
{{main|Travancore}}
;List of rulers–
* [[Marthanda Varma]] (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
* [[Dharma Raja]] (1758–1798 CE)
* [[Balarama Varma]] (1798–1810CE)
* [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]] (1810–1815 CE)
* [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]] (1815–1829 CE)
* [[Swathi Thirunal]] (1829–1846 CE)
* [[Uthram Thirunal]] (1846–1860 CE)
* [[Ayilyam Thirunal]] (1860–1880 CE)
* [[Visakham Thirunal]] (1880–1885 CE)
* [[Moolam Thirunal]] (1885–1924 CE)
* [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]] (1924–1931 CE)
* [[Chithira Thirunal]] (1931–1949 CE)
 
== Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (1769 – 1858 CE) ==
{{main|Newalkar|Jhansi State}}
;List of rulers–
* Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
* Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
* Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
* Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
* Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
* [[Gangadhar Rao]] (1843–1853)
* [[Rani Lakshmi Bai]] as regent of [[Anand Rao|Damodar Rao]] of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3BzmTdQLioC&pg=PA227|title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide|author1=Guida M. Jackson|author2=Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1999|page=227|isbn=9781576070918}}</ref>
 
==Sikh Empire (1801–1849 CE)==
{{main|Sikh Empire}}
;List of rulers-
* [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839 CE), founder of Sikh Empire
* [[Kharak Singh]] (b. 1801, d. 1840 CE), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
* [[Nau Nihal Singh]] (b. 1821, d. 1840 CE), grandson of Ranjit Singh
* [[Chand Kaur]] (b. 1802, d. 1842 CE) was briefly [[Regent]]
* [[Sher Singh]] (b. 1807, d. 1843 CE), son of Ranjit Singh
* [[Duleep Singh]] (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893 CE), youngest son of Ranjit Singh
 
The British Empire annexed the Punjab in 1845–49 CE; after the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|Second]] [[Anglo-Sikh War (disdambiguation)|Anglo-Sikh Wars]]
 
== Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952 CE) ==
{{main|Dogra dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
|-
|[[Gulab Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|100px]]||1846–1856 CE|| Founder of [[Dogra dynasty]] and the first [[Maharaja]] of the [[Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir]], the second largest princely state under the [[British Raj]], which was created after the defeat of the [[Sikh Empire]] in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]. The [[Treaty of Amritsar (1846)]] formalised the sale by the British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the [[Treaty of Lahore]].
|-
|[[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Ranbir Singh]]||[[File:Maharajah Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|100px]]||1856–1885 CE|| Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to poor health. He allied with the British during the [[Sepoy Mutiny]]. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to [[Siege of Delhi|besiege Delhi]]. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex [[Gilgit]] which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the [[Ranbir Penal Code]] during his reign.
|-
|[[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Pratap Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja Partab Singh (1848 - 1925).jpg|100px]]||1885–1925 CE|| Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of all the Dogra rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh's era was a period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He established local self governing bodies, democratic processes, educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had undergone significant social and cultural transformation.
|-
|[[Hari Singh]]||[[File:Maharaja hari singh ji.jpg|100px]]||1925–1952 CE||  Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state, introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship to the low [[Caste system in India|castes]]. He signed the [[Dominion of India|Instrument of Accession]] of Jammu and Kashmir to the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] on 26 October 1947, through which the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by Government of India under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].
|-
|[[Karan Singh]]<br /><small>(Prince Regent)</small>||[[File:Dr-Karan-Singh-sept2009.jpg|100px]]||1949–1952 CE|| Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of eighteen and served till the monarchy's abolition in 1952. He was appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir|Governor of the State]] in 1964 CE.
|-
|}
 
==Emperors/Empresses of India (1857–1947 CE)==
{{main|Emperor of India|British Raj}}
* Queen-Empress [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] (1876–1901 CE)
* King-Emperor [[Edward VII]] (1901–1910 CE)
* King-Emperor [[George V]] (1910–1936 CE)
* King-Emperor [[Edward VIII]] (1936 CE)
* King-Emperor [[George VI]] (1936–1947 CE){{refn|name=Emperor1947a|group=nb|The title "[[Emperor of India]]" did not disappear with Indian independence from Great Britain in 1947, but in 1947, as when India became the [[Dominion of India]] (1947–1950) after independence in 1947, George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948, and thereafter he remained monarch of India until it became the [[Republic of India]] in 1950.<ref name=gazette1948-06-22a>{{London Gazette |issue=38330 |date=22 June 1948 |page=3647 }} Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.]('Section 7: ...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.'). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the [[Style of the British sovereign#Styles of British sovereigns|Style and Titles]] 'George VI by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith', and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.</ref>}}
 
==Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)==
{{main|Dominion of India}}
* [[George VI]], King of India (1947–1950 CE) retained the title "[[Emperor of India]]" until 22 June 1948.
 
==Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956 CE)==
{{main|Dominion of Pakistan}}
* [[George VI]], King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
* [[Elizabeth II]], Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)
 
==See also==
* [[Greater India]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[History of Hinduism]]
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[History of Sri Lanka]]
* [[History of South India]]
* [[List of Tamil monarchs]]
* [[List of rulers of Assam]]
* [[List of rulers of Malwa]]
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]
* [[List of rulers of Odisha]]
* [[Middle kingdoms of India]]
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]
* [[List of wars involving India]]
* [[Outline of South Asian history]]
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]
* [[List of Hindu empires and dynasties]]
* [[List of Hindu empires and dynasties]]
* [[Mahisapala dynasty|List of Ahir Dynasties and rulers]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}
{{reflist|group=nb}}
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
Line 6,158: Line 5,348:


===Books===
===Books===
*{{citation | last = Gnyawali| first = Surya Bikram | title = The Malla Kings of Western Nepal | journal = Regmi Research Series | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = 265–268 | date = 1 December 1971 | orig-year = 1962 | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_03.pdf| access-date = }}
* {{cite book |last=Baruah |first=S. L. |title=Last Days of Ahom Monarchy |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |location=New Delhi |year=1993 |oclc=31777697}}
*{{cite book |last1=Handa |first1=O. C. (Omacanda) |title=History of Uttaranchal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC |year=2002 |publisher= Indus Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788173871344}}
* {{cite book |last=Gait |first=Edward A. |title=A History of Assam |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co |location=Calcutta |year=1906}}
* {{citation | last = Gnyawali| first = Surya Bikram | title = The Malla Kings of Western Nepal | journal = Regmi Research Series | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = 265–268 | date = 1 December 1971 | orig-year = 1962 | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_03.pdf| access-date = }}
* {{cite book |last=Gogoi |first=Padmeshwar |title=The Tai and the Tai kingdoms |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1968 |oclc=199460}}
* {{cite book |last1=Handa |first1=O. C. (Omacanda) |title=History of Uttaranchal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC |year=2002 |publisher= Indus Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788173871344}}
* {{cite book |first=Roma |last=Niyogi |title=The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty |publisher=Oriental |year=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJQBAAAAMAAJ |oclc=5386449 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Badri Datt|author-link=Badri Datt Pandey|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shyam Prakashan|location=[[Almora]]|isbn=81-85865-01-9}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Badri Datt|author-link=Badri Datt Pandey|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shyam Prakashan|location=[[Almora]]|isbn=81-85865-01-9}}
*{{cite book |first=Mark Aurel |last=Stein |author-link=Mark Aurel Stein |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989a |orig-year=1900 |isbn=978-81-208-0369-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dfT2D8mnukC |access-date=2011-07-11}}
* {{cite book |first=Ram Vallabh |last=Somani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |publisher=Mateshwari |year=1976 |oclc=2929852 }}
*{{cite book |first=Mark Aurel |last=Stein |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989b |orig-year=1900 |isbn=978-81-208-0370-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC |access-date=2011-07-10}}
* {{cite book |first=Mark Aurel |last=Stein |author-link=Mark Aurel Stein |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989a |orig-year=1900 |isbn=978-81-208-0369-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dfT2D8mnukC |access-date=2011-07-11}}
* {{cite book |first=Mark Aurel |last=Stein |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989b |orig-year=1900 |isbn=978-81-208-0370-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC |access-date=2011-07-10}}
* {{cite book |last=Thakur |first=Laxman S. |chapter=The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe |editor=K. K. Kusuman |title=A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA287 |year=1990 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-214-1 |pages=285–293}}
* {{cite book |last=Thakur |first=Laxman S. |chapter=The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe |editor=K. K. Kusuman |title=A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA287 |year=1990 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-214-1 |pages=285–293}}
*{{citation | last = Tucci | first = Giuseppe | title = Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal | publisher = David Brown Book Company | year = 1956| isbn = 9788857526843| url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.6480/}}
* {{cite book |last=Tucci |first=Giuseppe |title=Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal |publisher=David Brown Book Company |year=1956 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.6480/}} [https://knowledgekart.in/blog/list-of-indian-kings-serial-wise-for-upsc/ List of Indian Kings Serial Wise]
 
==Sources and external links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090119095422/http://paradoxplace.com/Insights/Civilizations/Mughals/Mughals.htm Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace–Great Mughal Emperors of India]


{{Middle kingdoms of India}}
{{Middle kingdoms of India}}
{{list of lists | rulers | listcat=Lists of Indian rulers}}
{{list of lists | monarchs | listcat=Lists of Indian monarchs}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:India, rulers}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:India, monarchs}}
[[Category:Lists of rulers]]
[[Category:Indian monarchs|*]]
[[Category:Indian rulers]]
[[Category:India history-related lists|monarchs]]
[[Category:India history-related lists|rulers]]

Revision as of 02:57, 19 March 2026



This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.

The Indian subcontinent, the main centre of Indian culture

The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts[1][2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.

Vedic India (c. 2000s – 200s BCE)

See also: Outline of ancient India, Iron Age in India, Vedic Period, Janapada, and Mahajanapada

Kingdom of Magadha

List of monarchs of Magadha

Kingdom of Kashmir

List of monarchs of Kashmir

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)

Kings of Gandhara

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE)

List of Kuru kings

Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)

Haiheyas

  1. Maharaj Adarsh
  2. Maharaj Ayu
  3. Maharaj Nahusha
  4. Maharaj Yayati
  5. Maharaj Yadu
  6. Sahasrajit
  7. Satajit
  8. Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
  9. Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
  10. Netra
  11. Kunti
  12. Sohanji
  13. Mahishman was the founder of Mahishmati on the banks of River Narmada.
  14. Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Trishanku)
  15. Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
  16. Durdama
  17. Bhima
  18. Samhata
  19. Kanaka
  20. Dhanaka
  21. Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Rohitashva)
  22. Sahasrabahu Kartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by Lord Parashurama.
  23. Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
  24. Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
  25. Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
  26. Madhu
  27. Vrshni

Pradyota dynasty

Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Kings of Videha

  1. Videgha Mathava - Founder of Videha
  2. Nimi - Earliest ancestor of Janaka Dynasty
  3. Mithi - First Janaka and founder of Mithila
  4. Udavasu - Second Janaka
  5. Nandivardhana - Third Janaka
  6. Suketu - Fourth Janaka
  7. Devarata Janaka - Fifth Janaka
  8. Brihadvrata
  9. Mahavira
  10. Sudhriti
  11. Dristaketu
  12. Haryasva
  13. Maru
  14. Pratindhaka
  15. Kritiratha
  16. Devamidha
  17. Vibhuta
  18. Mahidhrata
  19. Kirtirata
  20. Mahorama
  21. Svarnorama
  22. Hrasvaroma
  23. Seeradhvaja (father of Sita in Ramayana) - Twenty first Janaka
  24. Bhaanumaan
  25. Shatadyumna
  26. Shuchi
  27. Oorjanaamaa
  28. Kriti
  29. Anjana
  30. Kurujit
  31. Arishtanemi
  32. Shrutaayu
  33. Supaarshva
  34. Srinjaya
  35. Kshemaavee
  36. Anenaa
  37. Bhaumaratha
  38. Satyaratha
  39. Upagu
  40. Upagupta
  41. Svaagata
  42. Svaananda
  43. Suvarchaa
  44. Supaarshwa
  45. Subhaasha
  46. Sushruta
  47. Jaya
  48. Vijaya
  49. Rita
  50. Sunaya
  51. Veetahavya
  52. Dhriti
  53. Bahulashva
  54. Kriti

Apart from the above list of Janakas, there more Janakas mentioned in different texts

  1. Karala Janaka
  2. Dharmadhwaja Janaka
  3. Janadeva Janaka

Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)

Kings of Kalinga

Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)

Kings of Kosala:[3]

Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)

Kings of Panchala:

  • Rishin
  • Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
  • Brihatkaya
  • Puranjaya
  • Riksha
  • Bramhyaswa
  • Aramyaswa
  • Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of Kampilya capital of Panchala Kingdom)
  • Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
  • Dritimana
  • Drdhanemi
  • Sarvasena, (founder of Ujjain Kingdom)
  • Mitra
  • Rukmaratha
  • Suparswa
  • Sumathi
  • Sannatimana
  • Krta
  • Pijavana
  • Somadutta
  • Jantuvahana
  • Badhrayaswa
  • Brihadhishu
  • Brihadhanu
  • Brihadkarma
  • Jayaratha
  • Visvajit
  • Seinyajit
  • Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
  • Samara
  • Sadashva
  • Ruchiraswa
  • Pruthusena
  • Prapti
  • Prthaswa
  • Sukrthi
  • Vibhiraja
  • Anuha
  • Bramhadatta II
  • Vishwaksena
  • Dandasena
  • Durmukha
  • Durbuddhi
  • Dharbhya
  • Divodasa
  • Sivana I
  • Mitrayu
  • Maitrayana
  • Soma
  • Sivana II
  • Sadasana
  • Sahadeva
  • Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
  • Prishati, (son of Somaka)
  • Drupada, (son of Prishata)
  • Dhrishtadyumna, (was the son of Drupada, Draupadi and Shikhandi were the daughters of Drupada)
  • Keśin Dālbhya
  • Pravahana Jaivali
  • Achyuta, (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by Gupta ruler Samudragupta.)

Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

Kings of Anga:

Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)

Kings of Kamboja:

Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)

Rulers of Shakya:

Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

Portrait Name Birth Death Reign (BCE) Marriages Claim
Start End
Vijaya Vijaya ?
Sinhapura
son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali 		505
Tambapanni 		543 505 Kuveni
two children Pandu Princes 		Founded Kingdom
Marriage to Kuveni
Upatissa
(regent) 		- - 505 504 Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
Panduvasdeva - - 504 474 Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya - - 474 454 Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa
(regent) 		- - 454 437 Younger brother of Abhaya

Ancient and early medieval Southern Indian dynasties

See also: History of Southern India and Tamilakam

Pandya dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1650 CE)

Main article: Pandya dynasty

Early Pandyans

Main article: Early Pandyan kingdom
  • Koon Pandiyan - (Earliest Known Pandyan king)
  • Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan), he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi
  • Pudappandiyan
  • Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
  • Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
  • Nan Maran
  • Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)
  • Maran Valudi
  • Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
  • Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)

Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)

  • Sundara Pandyan I
  • Vira Pandyan I
  • Vira Pandyan II
  • Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
  • Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
  • Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
  • Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
  • Jatavarman Chola Pandya
  • Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
  • Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
  • Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
  • Kulasekara Pandyan III
  • Vira Pandyan III
  • Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
  • Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)

Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)

Main article: Pandalam dynasty

Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)

Main article: Tenkasi Pandyas

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

  • Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463)
  • Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473)
  • Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)
  • Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
  • Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543)
  • Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552)
  • Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
  • Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)
  • Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
  • Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
  • Kollankondan (1618–1650)[citation needed]

Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE)

Ancient Chera kings

Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)

Makotai Cheras

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):

  • Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
  • Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
  • Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
  • Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
  • Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
  • Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
  • Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
  • Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
  • Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
  • Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
  • Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
  • Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
  • Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
  • Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
  • Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
  • Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
  • Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
  • Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
  • Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
  • Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
  • Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
  • Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
  • Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
  • Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
  • Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
  • Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
  • Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
  • Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
  • Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
  • Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)

Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1279 CE)

Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE)

Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)

Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE–1200 CE)

Main article: Velirs

Major dynasties of Velir are-

Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE–800 CE)

Main article: Ay dynasty

Early Ay Kings

Medieval Ay Kings

Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE)

Main article: Pallava dynasty § Chronology

Kadamba dynasties (c. 345–1310 CE)

Principality of Banavasi (c. 345–540 CE)

Main article: Kadamba dynasty

Banavasi branch rulers-

  • Mayurasharma (345–365)
  • Kangavarma (365–390)
  • Bhageerath (390–415)
  • Raghu (415–435)
  • Kakusthavarma (435–455)
  • Santivarma (455–460)
  • Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
  • Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
  • Ravivarma (485–519)
  • Harivarma (519–530)

Triparvatha branch rulers-

  • Krishna Varma I (455–475)
  • Vishnuvarma (475–485)
  • Simhavarma (485–516)
  • Krishna Varma II (516–540)

Principality of Goa (c. 960–1345 CE)

Main article: Kadambas of Goa
  • Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
  • Nagavarma
  • Guhalladeva I
  • Shashathadeva II
  • Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
  • Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
  • Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
  • Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
  • Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
  • Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
  • Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
  • Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
  • Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
  • Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
  • Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
  • Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
  • Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty

Principality of Hangal (c. 980–1275 CE)

Main article: Kadambas of Hangal
known rulers are-
  • Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
  • Kamadeva
  • Somadeva
  • Mayuravarma

Other minor Kadamba principalities

Kadambas of Halasi
Kadambas of Bankapur
Kadambas of Bayalnad
Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
Kadambas of Uchchangi
Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)

Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

List of rulers of Banavasi

Vishnukundina dynasty of Denduluru (c. 420–624 CE)

List of rulers of Denduluru

Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

Main articles: Chalukya dynasty, Eastern Chalukyas, Chalukyas of Vemulavada, and Western Chalukya Empire
Ruler Born Reign Capital/
Ruling part		 Consort Death Notes
Jayasimha I ? 500–520 Badami ?
at least one child 		520 First ruler of the dynasty.
Ranaraga ?
Son of Jayasimha I 		520–540 540
Pulakeshin I ?
Son of Ranaraga 		540–567 Durlabhadevi
at least two children 		567
Kirtivarman I ?
Sons of Pulakeshin I and Durlabhadevi 		567–592 ?
at least two children 		592
Mangalesha 592–610 ?
at least one child 		610
Pulakeshin II ?
First son of Kirtivarman I 		610–642 ?
five children 		642 Children of Kirtivarman I, divided their inheritance.
Kubja Vishnuvardhana I ?
Second son of Kirtivarman I 		610–641 Vengi (Eastern) ?
two children 		641
Jayasimha I[4] ?
First son of Vishnuvardhana I 		641–673 ? 673
Adityavarman ?
First son of Pulakeshin II 		642–645 Badami ?
one child 		645 Children of Pulakeshin II, divided their inheritance. The second son's filiation is however not certain, and based on chronology and in the name Chalukya which was adopted also by his descendants.
Satyashraya ?
Second son (?) of Pulakeshin II 		642–675[5] Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		675
Abhinavaditya ?
Son of Adityavarman 		645–646 Badami ? 645
Chandraditya ?
Third son of Pulakeshin II 		646–649 Vijaya-Bhattarika
one child 		649
Regency of Vijaya-Bhattarika (649–655) Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya ?
Son of Chandraditya and Vijaya-Bhattarika 		649–655 Badami ? 655
Vikramaditya I ?
Fourth son of Pulakeshin II 		655–680 Gangamahadevi
at least one child 		680
Indra Bhattaraka ?
Second son of Vishnuvardhana I 		673 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		673
Vishnuvardhana II ?
Son of Indra Bhattaraka 		673–682 ?
at least one child 		682
Prithvipathi ?
Son of Satyashraya 		675–700 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		700
Vinayaditya ?
Son of Vikramaditya I 		680–696 Badami ?
at least one child 		696
Mangi Yuvaraja ?
Son of Vishnuvardhana II 		682–706 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		706
Vijayaditya I ?
Son of Vinayaditya 		696–733 Badami ?
at least one child 		733
Maharaja ?
Son of Prithvipathi 		700–725 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		725
Jayasimha II ?
Sons of Vishnuvardhana II 		706–718 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		718
Kokkli 718–719 719
Vishnuvardhana III 719–755 755
Rajaditya ?
Son of Maharaja 		725–750 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		750
Vikramaditya II ?
Son of Vijayaditya I 		733–746 Badami ?
at least one child 		746
Kirtivarman II Rahappa ?
Son of Vikramaditya II 		746–757 757
Annexed to the Rashtrakuta Empire
Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I ?
Son of Rajaditya 		750–775 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		775 Considered the first effectively independent ruler of Vemulavada. Vassal of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
Vijayaditya I Bhattaraka [uk] ?
Sons of Vishnuvardhana II 		755–772 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		772 His sister Silamahadevi married Dhruva Dharavarsha, ruler of the Rashtrakuta Empire.
Vishnuvardhana IV Vishnuraja 772–808 Silabhattarika of the Rashtrakuta Empire
three children 		808 Married his first cousin.
Arikesari I ?
Son of Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I 		775–800 Vemulavada ?
at least two children 		800
Narasimha I ?
Son of Arikesari I 		800–825 ?
at least one child 		825
Vijayaditya II [uk] ?
Son of Vishnuvardhana IV and Silabhattarika of the Rashtrakuta Empire 		808–847 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		847
Yuddhamalla II ?
Son of Narasimha I 		825–850 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		850
Kali Vishnuvardhana V ?
Son of Vijayaditya II [uk] 		847–849 Vengi (Eastern) Shilamadevi of the Rashtrakuta Empire
three children 		849 Married Shilamadevi, niece of Queen Silabhattarika.
Gunaga Vijayaditya III ?
Sons of Vishnuvardhana V and Shilamadevi of the Rashtrakuta Empire 		849–892 ?
at least one child 		892 Children of Vishnuvardhana V, ruled jointly.
Yuvaraja Vikramaditya I 892?
Yuddhamalla I 892?
Baddega I Soladaganda ?
Son of Yuddhamalla II 		850–895 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		895
Bhima I Dronarjuna [uk] ?
Son of Vikramaditya I 		892–921 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		921
Yuddhamalla III ?
Son of Baddega I Soladaganda 		895–915 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		925
Narasimha II ?
Son of Yuddhamalla III 		915–930 930
Vijayaditya IV [uk] ?
First son of Bhima I 		921 Vengi (Eastern) ?
two children 		921 Beginning of a civil war in Vengi. During the seven years of the war (921–928), six different kings sat on Vengi's throne.
Vishnuvardhana VI[6] ?
First son of Vijayaditya IV [uk] 		921–927 ?
at least one child 		927
Vijayaditya V ?
First son of Vishnuvardhana VI 		927 ? 927 Ruled for fifteen days.
Tala I ?
Son of Yuddhamalla I 		927 ?
at least one child 		927 Ruled for one month.
Vikramaditya II [uk] ?
Second son of Bhima I 		927–928 ? 928
Bhima II ?
Second son of Vishnuvardhana VI 		928 ? 928
Yuddhamalla II [uk] ?
Son of Tala I 		928–935 ?
At least one child 		935 End of the war. However, the throne still moved between different branches of the family.
Arikesari II ?
Son of Narasimha II 		930–941 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		941
Vishnuvardhana VII [uk][7] ?
Second son of Vijayaditya IV [uk] 		935–947 Vengi (Eastern) ?
at least one child 		947
Bhadradeva Baddega II ?
Sons of Arikesari II 		941–946 Vemulavada ?
at least one child 		946 Children of Arikesari II, ruled jointly.
Vagaraja 941–950 ?
at least one child 		950
Vijayaditya VI [uk][8] ?
First son of Bhima II 		947–970 Vengi (Eastern) ?
At least one child 		970
Arikesari III ?
Son of Bhadradeva Baddega II 		950–968 Vemulavada ? 968
Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire
Danarnava ?
Second son of Bhima II 		970–973 Vengi (Eastern) ?
At least one child 		973
Jata Choda Bhima [uk] ? 973–999 ? 999 Non-dynastic usurper.
Tailapa II Ahvamalla[9] ?
Son of Vikramaditya (IV) Chalukya 		973–997 Kalyani (Western) ?
at least one child 		997 Grandson in fifth generation of a brother of Vikramaditya II of Badami. While Vengi was being taken by an usurper on the demise of the Rashtrakuta Empire, Tailapa proclaimed independence from the latter and built a new empire of his own, that saw the re-emergence of the Chalukya dynasty's power.
Satyashraya ?
Son of Tailapa II 		997–1008 ?
at least one child 		1008
Shaktivarman [uk] ?
First son of Danarnava 		999–1011 Vengi (Eastern) ?
At least one child 		1011
Vikramaditya V[10] ?
First son of Prince Dasavarman and Princess Bhagyavati 		1008–1015 Kalyani (Western) ? 1015 Paternal nephew of Satyashraya.
Vimaladitya [uk] ?
Second son of Danarnava 		1011–1018 Vengi (Eastern) Kundavai of the Chola Empire
one child

?
one child 		1018
Jayasimha II[11] ?
Second son of Prince Dasavarman and Princess Bhagyavati 		1015–1043 Kalyani (Western) Suggaladevi
at least one child 		1043
Rajaraja Narendra ?
Son of Vimaladitya [uk] and Kundavai of the Chola Empire 		1018–1031

1035–1061		 Vengi (Eastern) Amangaidevi of the Chola Empire
one child 		1061 Rajaraja had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom.
Vijayaditya VII [bg] ?
Son of Vimaladitya [uk] 		1031–1035

1061–1075		 ? 1075 Half-brother of Rajaraja, had support from Western Chalukya. After his death Vengi was incorporated in the Chola Empire.
Annexed to the Chola Empire (1061-1118); Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire (since 1118)
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla ?
Son of Jayasimha II and Suggaladevi 		1043–1068 Kalyani (Western) ?
two children 		1068
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla ?
Sons of Someshvara I 		1068–1076 ?
at least one child 		1076
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla 1076–1126 Chandaladevi
Kethaladevi
Savaladevi

at least one child 		1126
Someshvara III ?
Son of Vikramaditya VI 		1126–1138 ?
at least one child 		1138
Jagadhekamalla II ?
Son of Someshvara III 		1138–1151 ?
at least one child 		1151
Tailapa III ?
Son of Jagadhekamalla II 		1151–1164 ?
at least one child 		1164
Jagadhekamalla III ?
Son of Tailapa III 		1164–1183 ?
at least one child 		1183
Someshvara IV ?
Son of Jagadhekamalla III 		1183–1200 ?
at least one child 		1200
Annexed to the Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasties

Middle Kingdoms (c. 250s BCE – 550s CE)

Main article: Middle kingdoms of India

Satavahana dynasty (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)

See also: Satavahana dynasty

List of Satavahana emperors

Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

Main article: Mahameghavahana dynasty
  • Maharaja Vasu
  • Maharaja Mahamegha Vahana
  • Sobhanaraja
  • Chandraja
  • Ksemaraja
  • Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
  • Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)[12][13]
  • Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
  • Vaduka
  • Galaveya
  • Mana-Sada
  • Siri-Sada
  • Maha-Sada
  • Sivamaka-Sada
  • Asaka-Sada

Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)

List of Manipuri kings

Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)

The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:

Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)

List of Indo-Greek Kings

Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)

List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

Kushan dynasty (c. 1 – 375 CE)

List of Kushan emperors

Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)

List of Indo-Parthian kings

Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)

List of Indo-Sasanian kings

Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)

List of Alchon Hun Kings

Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

Kings of Banavasi

Khokhra (Nagvanshi) chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)

List of Nagvanshi chiefs

Naga Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE)

Kings of Padmavati

Chandra dynasty of Samatata (c. 202–1050 CE)

Rulers of Samatata

Kingdom of Abhira (c. 203–370 CE)

Main article: Abhira dynasty
  • Abhira Sivadatta
  • Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
  • Abhira Ishwarsena alias Mahaksatrapa Isvaradatta
  • Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena

Principality of Khoh (c. 221–1028 CE)

Prince of Khoh

Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE)

Main articles: Gupta Empire and Later Gupta dynasty

List of Gupta emperors Later Gupta rulers

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

Vakataka family tree

Aulikara Kingdom of Malwa (c. 300 – 550 CE)

List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)

Kingdom of Kamarupa (c. 350–650 CE)

Kings of Kamarupa

Western Ganga of Talakad (c. 350–1424 CE)

Rulers of Talakad

Eastern Ganga of Kalinga (c. 493-1947 CE)

Eastern Ganga of Kalinga

Other minor Ganga states

Principality of Gudari Kataka
Main article: Gudari, Rayagada

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.[14]

  • Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
  • Svarna Bhanu
  • Kalasandha Deva
  • Chudanga Deva
  • Harimani Deva
  • Narasimha Deva
  • Ananta Deva
  • Padmanabha Deva
  • Pitambara Deva
  • Vasudeva
  • Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
Principality of Chikiti (c. 881–1950 CE)

Prince of Chikiti

Parlakhemundi Estate#Rulers (c. 1309–1950)

Zamindars of Parlakhemundi

Traikutaka dynasty of Aparanta (c. 370–520 CE)

Rulers of Aparanta

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Kings of Vallabhi

Rai Kingdom of Sindh (c. 489–632 CE)

Kings of Sindh (Rai)

Kabul Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties):

Pushyabhuti/Vardhan dynasty (c. 500 – 647 CE)

List of Vardhan kings

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)

Rulers of Jantia

Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)

Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE)

Main article: Gauda Kingdom

Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE)

Main article: Pala Empire

Template:List of Pala rulers

Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE)

Kingdom of Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE)

Kings of Malwa (Kalachuri)

Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (Later Kalachuris) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Tripuri
Rulers-

Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Ratnapura

The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:[16]

  • Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
  • Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
  • Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
  • Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
  • Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
  • Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)
  • Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)
  • Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
  • Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
  • Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
  • Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
  • Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)

Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (Southern Kalachuris) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Kalyani
Rulers-
  • Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
  • Sovideva (1168–1176)
  • Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama
  • Sankama (1176–1180)
  • Ahavamalla (1180–83)
  • Singhana (1183–84), last ruler

Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE)

Main article: Patola Shahis
Regin of known rulers is disputed-[17][18]
  • Somana (Mid 6th century CE)
  • Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE)
  • Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE)
  • Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE)
  • Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE)
  • Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE)
  • Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE)
  • Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)
  • Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler

Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE)

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE)

Main article: Pratiharas of Mandavyapura

R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.

  • Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
  • Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
  • Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
  • Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
  • Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
  • Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
  • Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
  • Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
  • Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
  • Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
  • Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
  • Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
  • Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler

Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
List of rulers–
List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Nagabhata I 730–760
2 Kakustha and Devaraja 760–780
3 Vatsaraja 780–800
4 Nagabhata II 800–833
5 Ramabhadra 833–836
6 Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I 836–885
7 Mahendrapala I 885–910
8 Bhoja II 910–913
9 Mahipala I 913–944
10 Mahendrapala II 944–948
11 Devapala 948–954
12 Vinayakapala 954–955
13 Mahipala II 955–956
14 Vijayapala II 956–960
15 Rajapala 960–1018
16 Trilochanapala 1018–1027
17 Yasahpala 1024–1036

Other Pratihara Branches

Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-

Rajogarh Branch

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE)

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–

Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[19]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE)
1 Chahamana (mythical)
2 Vasu-deva c. 551 CE (disputed)
3 Samanta-raja 684–709
4 Nara-deva 709–721
5 Ajaya-raja I 721–734
6 Vigraha-raja I 734–759
7 Chandra-raja I 759–771
8 Gopendra-raja 771–784
9 Durlabha-raja I 784–809
10 Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I 809–836
11 Chandra-raja II 836–863
12 Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II 863–890
13 Chandana-raja 890–917
14 Vakpati-raja 917–944
15 Simha-raja 944–971
16 Vigraha-raja II 971–998
17 Durlabha-raja II 998–1012
18 Govinda-raja III 1012–1026
19 Vakpati-raja II 1026–1040
20 Viryarama 1040 (few months)
21 Chamunda-raja 1040–1065
22 Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala 1065–1070
23 Vigraha-raja III alias Visala 1070–1090
24 Prithvi-raja I 1090–1110
25 Ajaya-raja II 1110–1135
26 Arno-raja alias Ana 1135–1150
27 Jagad-deva 1150
28 Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva 1150–1164
29 Apara-gangeya 1164–1165
30 Prithvi-raja II 1165–1169
31 Someshvara 1169–1178
32 Prithviraja III Rai Pithora 1177–1192
33 Govinda-raja IV 1192–1193
34 Hari-raja 1193–1194

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Naddula

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Lakshmana 950–982
2 Shobhita 982–986
3 Baliraja 986–990
4 Vigrahapala 990–994
5 Mahindra 994–1015
6 Ashvapala 1015–1019
7 Ahila 1019–1024
8 Anahilla 1024–1055
9 Balaprasada 1055–1070
10 Jendraraja 1070–1080
11 Prithvipala 1080–1090
12 Jojalladeva 1090–1110
13 Asharaja 1110–1119
14 Ratnapala 1119–1132
15 Rayapala 1132–1145
16 Katukaraja 1145–1148
17 Alhanadeva 1148–1163
18 Kelhanadeva 1163–1193
19 Jayatasimha 1193–1197

Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Jalor

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[20]

Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2​1⁄2 days later.[21][22]

List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Kirti-pala 1160–1182
2 Samara-simha 1182–1204
3 Udaya-simha 1204–1257
4 Chachiga-deva 1257–1282
5 Samanta-simha 1282–1305
6 Kanhada-deva 1292–1311
7 Virama-deva 1311

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Govinda-raja 1192
2 Balhana-deva
3 Prahlada-deva
4 Viranarayana
5 Vagabhata
6 Jaitra-simha
7 Shakti-deva
8 Hammira-deva 1283–1311

Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE)

Main article: Kingdom of Mewar

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:

  1. Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
  2. Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur)
  3. Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern Dhor)

Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)

Main articles: Guhila dynasty and Gahlot
List of Guhila dynasty rulers
Nu. King (Rawal) Reign (CE)
1 Rawal Guhil 566–586
2 Rawal Bhoj 586–606
3 Rawal Mahendra I 606–626
4 Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) 626–646
5 Rawal Shiladitya 646–661
6 Rawal Aprajeet 661–688
7 Rawal Mahendra II 688–716
8 Bappa Rawal 728–753
9 Rawal Khuman I 753–773
10 Rawal Mattat 773–793
11 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I 793–813
12 Rawal Sinh 813–828
13 Rawal Khuman II 828–853
14 Rawal Mahayak 853–878
15 Rawal Khuman III 878–926
16 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II 926–951
17 Rawal Allat 951–971
18 Rawal Narwahan 971–973
19 Rawal Saliwahan 973–977
20 Rawal Shakti Kumar 977–993
21 Rawal Amba Prasad 993–1007
22 Rawal Shuchivarma 1007–1021
23 Rawal Narvarma 1021–1035
24 Rawal Keertivarma 1035–1051
25 Rawal Yograj 1051–1068
26 Rawal Vairath 1068–1088
27 Rawal Hanspal 1088–1103
28 Rawal Vair Singh 1103–1107
29 Rawal Vijai Singh 1107–1116
30 Rawal Ari Singh I 1116–1138
31 Rawal Chaudh Singh 1138–1148
32 Rawal Vikram Singh 1148–1158
33 Rawal Ran Singh 1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34 Rawal Khshem Singh 1168–1172
35 Rawal Samant Singh 1172–1179
36 Rawal Kumar Singh 1179–1191
37 Rawal Mathan Singh 1191–1211
38 Rawal Padam Singh 1211–1213
39 Rawal Jaitra Singh 1213–1252
40 Rawal Tej Singh 1252–1273
41 Rawal Samar Singh 1273–1302
42 Rawal Ratan Singh 1302–1303

Branching of Guhil dynasty

During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.

First (Rawal Branch)

Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)

Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.

Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)

"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

List of Rana branch rulers
Nu. King (Rana) Reign (CE)
1 Rahapa/Karna 1168 CE
2 Narapati
3 Dinakara
4 Jasakarna
5 Nagapala
6 Karnapala
7 Bhuvanasimha
8 Bhimasimha
9 Jayasimha
10 Lakhanasimha
11 Arisimha
12 Hammir Singh 1326 CE

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)

Main articles: Sisodia dynasty and List of ranas of Mewar
Picture King (Maharana) Reign
Hammir Singh 1326–1364
Kshetra Singh 1364–1382
Lakha Singh 1382–1421
Mokal Singh 1421–1433
Rana Kumbha 1433–1468
Udai Singh I 1468–1473
Rana Raimal 1473–1508
Rana Sanga 1508–1527
Ratan Singh II 1528–1531
Vikramaditya Singh 1531–1536
Vanvir Singh 1536–1540
Udai Singh II 1540–1572
Maharana Pratap 1572–1597
Amar Singh I 1597–1620
Karan Singh II 1620–1628
Jagat Singh I 1628–1652
Raj Singh I 1652–1680
Jai Singh 1680–1698
Amar Singh II 1698–1710
Sangram Singh II 1710–173
Jagat Singh II 1734–1751
Pratap Singh II 1751–1754
Raj Singh II 1754–1762
Ari Singh II 1762–1772
Hamir Singh II 1772–1778
Bhim Singh 1778–1828
Jawan Singh 1828–1838
Sardar Singh 1838–1842
Swarup Singh 1842–1861
Shambhu Singh 1861–1874
Sajjan Singh 1874–1884
Fateh Singh 1884–1930
Bhupal Singh 1930–1948

1948-1955
(titular)
Titular Maharanas
Bhagwat Singh 1955–1984
Mahendra Singh 1984–2024
Vishvaraj Singh 2024–present

Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

Main articles: Karkota dynasty and Kashmir
  • Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
  • Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
  • Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
  • Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
  • Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
  • Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
  • Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
  • Prithivyapida I (768–772)
  • Sangramapida (772–779)
  • Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
  • Lalitapida (813–825)
  • Sangramapida II (825–832)
  • Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)
Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are
  • Ajitapida
  • Anangapida
  • Utpalapida
  • Sukhavarma

Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

Main article: Brahman dynasty of Sindh

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[23]

Under the Umayyad Caliphate
  • Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from Brahmanabad
  • Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
  • Shishah (until 724 CE)

Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)

Main articles: Mlechchha dynasty and Kamarupa
  • Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
  • Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
  • Palaka
  • Kumara
  • Vajradeva
  • Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
  • Balavarman II
  • Jivaraja
  • Digleswaravarman
  • Salambha[24]
  • Harjjaravarman (815–832)
  • Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
  • Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
  • Balavarman III (860–880)
  • Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty

Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)

Main article: Garhwal Kingdom

Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[25][26]

Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs
No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned
1 Kanak Pal 688–699 11 21 Vikram Pal 1116–1131 15 41 Vijay Pal 1426–1437 11
2 Shyam Pal 699–725 26 22 Vichitra Pal 1131–1140 9 42 Sahaj Pal 1437–1473 36
3 Pandu Pal 725–756 31 23 Hans Pal 1141–1152 11 43 Bahadur Shah 1473–1498 25
4 Abhijat Pal 756–780 24 24 Som Pal 1152–1159 7 44 Man Shah 1498–1518 20
5 Saugat Pal 781–800 19 25 Kadil Pal 1159–1164 5 45 Shyam Shah 1518–1527 9
6 Ratna Pal 800–849 49 26 Kamadev Pal 1172–1179 7 46 Mahipat Shah 1527–1552 25
7 Shali Pal 850–857 7 27 Sulakshan Dev 1179–1197 18 47 Prithvi Shah 1552–1614 62
8 Vidhi Pal 858–877 19 28 Lakhan Dev 1197–1220 23 48 Medini Shah 1614–1660 46
9 Madan Pal 877–894 17 29 Anand Pal II 1220–1241 21 49 Fateh Shah 1660–1708 48
10 Bhakti Pal 895–919 24 30 Purva Dev 1241–1260 19 50 Upendra Shah 1708–1709 1
11 Jayachand Pal 920–948 28 31 Abhay Dev 1260–1267 7 51 Pradip Shah 1709–1772 63
12 Prithvi Pal 949–971 22 32 Jayaram Dev 1267–1290 23 52 Lalit Shah 1772–1780 8
13 Medinisen Pal 972–995 23 33 Asal Dev 1290–1299 9 53 Jayakrit Shah 1780–1786 6
14 Agasti Pal 995–1014 19 34 Jagat Pal 1299–1311 12 54 Pradyumna Shah 1786–1804 18
15 Surati Pal 1015–1036 21 35 Jit Pal 1311–1330 19 55 Sudarshan Shah 1804–1859 55
16 Jay Pal 1037–1055 18 36 Anant Pal II 1330–1358 28 56 Bhawani Shah 1859–1871 12
17 Anant Pal I 1056–1072 16 37 Ajay Pal 1358–1389 31 57 Pratap Shah 1871–1886 15
18 Anand Pal I 1072–1083 11 38 Kalyan Shah 1389–1398 9 58 Kirti Shah 1886–1913 27
19 Vibhog Pal 1084–1101 17 39 Sundar Pal 1398–1413 15 59 Narendra Shah 1913–1946 33
20 Suvayanu Pal 1102–1115 13 40 Hansadev Pal 1413–1426 13 60 Manabendra Shah 1946–1949 3

Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

Main article: Mallabhum kingdom

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.[27] (also known as Mallabhoom),[28]

Name of the king[29][30] Reign
Adi Malla 694–710
Jay Malla 710–720
Benu Malla 720–733
Kinu Malla 733–742
Indra Malla 742–757
Kanu Malla 757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla 764–775
Shur Malla 775–795
Kanak Malla 795–807
Kandarpa Malla 807–828
Sanatan Malla 828–841
Kharga Malla 841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla 862–906
Yadav Malla 906–919
Jagannath Malla 919–931
Birat Malla 931–946
Mahadev Malla 946–977
Durgadas Malla 977–994
Jagat Malla 994–1007
Ananta Malla 1007–1015
Rup Malla 1015–1029
Sundar Malla 1029–1053
Kumud Malla 1053–1074
Krishna Malla 1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla 1084–1097
Prakash Malla 1097–1102
Pratap Malla 1102–1113
Sindur Malla 1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla 1129–1142
Banamali Malla 1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla 1156–1167
Jiban Malla 1167–1185
Ram Malla 1185–1209
Gobinda Malla 1209–1240
Bhim Malla 1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla 1263–1295
Prithwi Malla 1295 -1319
Tapa Malla 1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla 1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla 1345–1358
Shur Malla II 1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla 1370–1407
Madan Malla 1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla 1420–1437
Uday Malla 1437–1460
Chandra Malla 1460–1501
Bir Malla 1501–1554
Dhari Malla 1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) 1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev 1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev 1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev 1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev 1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II 1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev 1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev 1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev 1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II 1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev 1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi 1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev 1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency) 1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur 1930–1947

Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)

Main article: Chand kings

Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:

King Reign
Som Chand 700–721
Atm Chand 721–740
Purn Chand 740–758
Indra Chand 758–778
Sansar Chand 778–813
Sudha Chand 813–833
Hamir Chand 833–856
Vina Chand 856–869
Vir Chand 1065–1080
Rup Chand 1080–1093
Laxmi Chand 1093–1113
Dharm Chand 1113–1121
Karm Chand 1121–1140
Ballal Chand 1140–1149
Nami Chand 1149–1170
Nar Chand 1170–1177
Nanaki Chand 1177–1195
Ram Chand 1195–1205
Bhishm Chand 1205–1226
Megh Chand 1226–1233
Dhyan Chand 1233–1251
Parvat Chand 1251–1261
Thor Chand 1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II 1275–1296
Trilok Chand 1296–1303
Damaru Chand 1303–1321
Dharm Chand 1321–1344
Abhay Chand 1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand 1374–1419
Harihar Chand 1419–1420
Udyan Chand 1420–1421
Atma Chand II 1421–1422
Hari Chand II 1422–1423
Vikram Chand 1423–1437
Bharati Chand 1437–1450
Ratna Chand 1450–1488
Kirti Chand 1488–1503
Pratap Chand 1503–1517
Tara Chand 1517–1533
Manik Chand 1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III 1542–1551
Purna Chand 1551–1555
Bhishm Chand 1555–1560
Balo Kalyan Chand 1560–1568
Rudra Chand 1568–1597
Laxmi Chand 1597–1621
Dilip Chand 1621–1624
Vijay Chand 1624–1625
Trimal Chand 1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand 1638–1678
Udyot Chand 1678–1698
Gyan Chand 1698–1708
Jagat Chand 1708–1720
Devi Chand 1720–1726
Ajit Chand 1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V 1729–1747
Deep Chand 1747–1777
Mohan Chand 1777–1779]]
Pradyumn Chand 1779–1786
Mohan Chand 1786–1788
Shiv Chand 1788
Mahendra Chand 1788–1790

Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)

Main article: Katyuri kings

The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[31]

List–
  • Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
  • Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
  • Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
  • Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
  • Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
  • Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
  • Istanga (915–930 CE)
  • Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
  • Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
  • Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
  • Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
  • Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
  • Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
  • Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
  • Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
  • Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE)

Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

Main article: Varman dynasty of Kannauj

Rashtrakuta Empire (c. 753–982 CE)

Main article: Rashtrakuta Empire
Serial no. Regnal names Reign Notes
1 Dantidurga (Founder) 753–756 CE Founder of dynasty
2 Krishna I 756–774 CE
3 Govinda II 774–780 CE
4 Dhruva Dharavarsha 780–793 CE
5 Govinda III 793–814 CE
6 Amoghavarsha 814–878 CE Longest reigning monarch and founded of Manyakheta city, which became the capital of the dynasty.[33]
7 Krishna II 878–914 CE
8 Indra III 914–929 CE
9 Amoghavarsha II 929–932 CE
10 Govinda IV 930–935 CE
11 Amoghavarsha III 934–939 CE
12 Krishna III 939–967 CE
13 Khottiga Amoghavarsha 967–972 C
14 Karka II or Amoghhavarsha IV 972–973 CE
15 Indra IV (only a claimer for the lost throne.) 973–982 CE He was the only a claimer for the lost throne.

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)

Main article: Tomara dynasty

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[34]

  • Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
  • The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
  • Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.[35]

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources[36][37]
# Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript) Length of reign
Years Months Days
1 Ananga Pāla Bilan Dev 736 18 0 0
2 Vasu Deva 754 19 1 18
3 Gangya Ganggeva 773 21 3 28
4 Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) Prathama Mahi Pāla 794 19 6 19
5 Jaya Deva Saha Deva Jadu Pāla 814 20 7 28
6 Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla Indrajita (I) Nai Pāla 834 14 4 9
7 Udiraj (or Adereh) Nara Pāla Jaya Deva Pāla 849 26 7 11
8 Vijaya (or Vacha) Indrajita (II) Chamra Pāla 875 21 2 13
9 Biksha (or Anek) Vacha Raja Bibasa Pāla 897 22 3 16
10 Rīksha Pāla Vira Pāla Sukla Pāla 919 21 6 5
11 Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) Go-Pāla Teja Pāla 940 20 4 4
12 Go-Pāla Tillan Dev Mahi Pāla 961 18 3 15
13 Sallakshana Pāla Suvari Sursen 979 25 10 10
14 Jaya Pāla Osa Pāla Jaik Pāla 1005 16 4 3
15 Kunwar Pāla Kumara Pāla 1021 29 9 18
16 Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla) Ananga Pāla Anek Pāla 1051 29 6 18
17 Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) Teja Pāla Teja Pāla 1081 24 1 6
18 Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) Mahi Pāla Jyūn Pāla 1105 25 2 23
19 Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) Mukund Pāla Ane Pāla 1130 21 2 15
Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) Prithvi Pala 1151

Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .

Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)

Main article: Shilahara

Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:

South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)

List of rulers–
  1. Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
  2. Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
  3. Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
  4. Avasara I (845–870 CE)
  5. Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
  6. Avasara II (895–920 CE)
  7. Indraraja (920–945 CE)
  8. Bhima (945–970 CE)
  9. Avasara III (970–995 CE)
  10. Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)

North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)

List of rulers–
  1. Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
  2. Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
  3. Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
  4. Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
  5. Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
  6. Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
  7. Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
  8. Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
  9. Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
  10. Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
  11. Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
  12. Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
  13. Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
  14. Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
  15. Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
  16. Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
  17. Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
  18. Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
  19. Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
  20. Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
  21. Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
  22. Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
  23. Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)

List of rulers–
  1. Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
  2. Naivarman (960–980 CE)
  3. Chandra (980–1000 CE)
  4. Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
  5. Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
  6. Guhala I (1050 CE)
  7. Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
  8. Chandraditya (1050 CE)
  9. Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
  10. Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
  11. Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
  12. Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
  13. Gonka II (1108 CE)
  14. Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
  15. Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
  16. Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)

Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

Main article: Ayudha dynasty
  • Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
  • Indrayudha
  • Chakrayudha (until 810)[39][40]

Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

Main article: Chandelas of Jejakabhukti

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[41][42]

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

Main article: Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
  • Dridhaprahara
  • Seunachandra (850–874)
  • Dhadiyappa (874–900)
  • Bhillama I (900–925)
  • Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
  • Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
  • Bhillama II (975–1005)
  • Vesugi I (1005–1020)
  • Bhillama III (1020–1055)
  • Vesugi II (1055–1068)
  • Bhillama III (1068)
  • Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
  • Airamadeva (1085–1115)
  • Singhana I (1115–1145)
  • Mallugi I (1145–1150)
  • Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
  • Govindaraja (1160)
  • Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
  • Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
  • Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
  • Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
  • Singhana II (1200–1247)
  • Kannara (1247–1261)
  • Mahadeva (1261–1271)
  • Amana (1271)
  • Ramachandra (1271–1312)
  • Singhana III (1312–1313)
  • Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
  • Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE)

Main article: Paramara dynasty
See also: List of rulers of Malwa

According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."[44] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

List of Paramara dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 King Paramar (Legendary)
2 Upendra Krishnraja early 9th century
3 Vairisimha (I) early 9th century
4 Siyaka (I) mid of 9th century
5 Vakpatiraj (I) late 9th to early 10th century
6 Vairisimha (II) mid of 10th century
7 Siyaka (II) 940–972
8 Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja 972–990
9 Sindhuraja 990–1010
10 Bhoja 1010–1055
11 JayasimhaI 1055–1070
12 Udayaditya 1070–1086
13 Lakshmadeva 1086–1094
14 Naravarman 1094–1133
15 Yashovarman 1133–1142
16 Jayavarman I 1142–1143
17 Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the Solanki king Kumarapala 1143–1175
18 Vindhyavarman 1175–1194
19 Subhatavarman 1194–1209
20 Arjunavarman I 1210–1215
21 Devapala 1215/1218–1239
22 Jaitugideva 1239–1255
23 Jayavarman II 1255–1274
24 Arjunavarman II 1274–1285
25 Bhoja II 1285–1301
26 Mahalakadeva 1301–1305

After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa region, but not in other Parmar states.

Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE)

Main article: Utpala dynasty
Ruler Reign
Avantivarman 853/855 – 883 CE
Shankaravarman 883 – 902 CE
Gopalavarman 902 – 904 CE
Sankata 904 CE
Sugandha 904 – 906 CE
Partha 906 – 921 CE
Nirjitavarman 921 – 922 CE
Chakravarman 922 – 933 CE
Shuravarman I 933 – 934 CE
Partha (2nd reign) 934 – 935 CE
Chakravarman (2nd reign) 935 CE
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) 935 – 936 CE
Chakravarman (3rd reign) 936 – 937 CE
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") 937 – 939 CE
Shuravarman II 939 CE
Yashaskara-deva 939 CE
Varnata 948 CE
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) 948 CE
Parvagupta 948 – 950 CE
Kshemagupta 950 – 958 CE
Abhimanyu II 958 – 972 CE
Nandigupta 972 – 973 CE
Tribhuvanagupta 973 – 975 CE
Bhimagupta 975 – 980 CE
Didda 980 to 1009/1012 CE

Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the Lohara dynasty.

Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE)

Main article: Somavamshi dynasty

Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:[45]

Name (IAST) Regnal name (IAST) Reign
Janmejaya I Mahābhavagupta I c. 882–922
Yayāti I Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) c. 922–955
Bhīmaratha Mahābhavagupta II c. 955–980
Dharmaratha Mahāśivagupta II c. 980–1005
Nahuṣa (Nahusha) Mahābhavagupta III c. 1005–1021
Yayāti II Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III c. 1025–1040
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) Mahābhavagupta IV c. 1040–1065
Janmejaya II Mahāśivagupta IV c. 1065–1085
Purañjaya Mahābhavagupta V c. 1085–1110
Karṇadeva Mahāśivagupta V c. 1100–1110

Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE)

Main article: Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)
S.nu King Reign (CE)
1 Brahma Pala 900–920
2 Ratna Pala 920–960
3 Indra Pala 960–990
4 Go Pala aka Gopalavarman 990–1015
5 Harsha Pala 1015–1035
6 Dharma Pala 1035–1060
7 Jaya Pala 1075–1100

Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE)

Main article: Paramaras of Chandravati

The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[46][47] The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:

Regional Name IAST Name Reign (CE)
Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja c. 930–950
Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha c. 970–990
Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000
Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020
Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040
Punya-pala or Purna-pala Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla c. 1040–1050
Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II c. 1060–1090
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva c. 1090–1115
Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145
Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160
Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ?
Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220

Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE)

Main article: History of Ladakh

Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE)

Main article: Maryul
Known Maryul rulers are-

Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE)

Main article: Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[48][49][50]

  • Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)
  • Unknown ruler (c. 1485–1510)
  • Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
  • Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
  • Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575)
  • Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595)
  • Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600)
  • Jamyang Namgyal (c. 1595–1616)
  • Sengge Namgyal (first rule, c. 1616–1623)
  • Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624)
  • Sengge Namgyal (second rule, c. 1624–1642)
  • Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694)
  • Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691)
  • Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729)
  • Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739)
  • Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753)
  • Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782)
  • Tseten Namgyal (c. 1782–1802)
  • Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)
  • Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842)
Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.

Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)

Main article: Chaulukya dynasty

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[51][52]

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)

Main article: Kachchhapaghata dynasty

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

  • Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
  • Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
  • Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
  • Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
  • Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
  • Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
  • Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
  • Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
  • Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
  • Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
  • Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

  • Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
  • Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
  • Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
  • Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
  • Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

  • Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
  • Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
  • Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
  • Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty[53][54]

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

Main article: Jaipur State
See also: Kachhwaha and Dhundhar

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and established the Kachwaha dynasty,[55] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

Rulers

  • 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)[56]
  • 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dulha Rao (d. 1036)[56]
  • 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)[56]
  • 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)[56]
  • 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)[56]
  • 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)[56]
  • 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)[56]
  • 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)[56]
  • 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)[56]
  • 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)[56]
  • 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)[56]
  • 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)[56]
  • 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)[56]
  • 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)[56]
  • 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)[56]
  • 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)[56]
  • 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)[56]
  • 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)[57]
  • 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 Puranmal (d. 1534)[58]
  • 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 Bhim Singh (d. 1537)
  • 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 Ratan Singh (d. 1548)
  • 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 Askaran (d. 1599)
  • 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 Bharmal (d. 1574)
  • 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
  • 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
  • 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
  • 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
  • 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
  • 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
  • 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
  • 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
  • Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)[59]
  • 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: Prithvi Singh II[60]
  • 1778 – 1803: Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
  • 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818)
  • 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
  • 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
  • Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
  • 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
  • 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
  • 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[61]

Titular rulers

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

Main article: Hoysala Empire
  • Nripa Kama (1000–1045)

Template:Hoysala Kings sidebar

Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)

Main article: Lohara dynasty

The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,[62][63] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.

First Lohara dynasty

Ruler Reign[64] ! Ascension year
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) 25 Years 1003 CE
Hariraja 22 days 1028 CE
Ananta-deva 35 Years 1028 CE
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) 26 Years 1063 CE
Utkarsha 22 days 1089 CE
Harsha 12 Years died in 1101 CE

Second Lohara dynasty

  • Radda (Shankharaja)
  • Salhana
  • Sussala
  • Bhikshachara
  • Sussala (2nd reign)
  • Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)

Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)

Main article: Khasa Malla kingdom

The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:[65]

List–
  • Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
  • Chaap/Cāpa
  • Chapilla/Cāpilla
  • Krashichalla
  • Kradhichalla
  • Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
  • Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
  • Jitari Malla
  • Ananda Malla
  • Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
  • Sangrama Malla
  • Aditya Malla
  • Kalyana Malla
  • Pratapa Malla
  • Punya Malla
  • Prithvi Malla
  • Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)

Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE)

Main article: Kalahandi State
  • Raghunath Sai (1005–1040)
  • Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072)
  • Birabar Deo (1072–1108)
  • Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142)
  • Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173)
  • Harichandra Deo (1173–1201)
  • Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234)
  • Gopinath Deo (1234–1271)
  • Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306
  • Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337)
  • Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366)
  • Haria Deo (1366–1400)
  • Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436)
  • Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468)
  • Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496)
  • Anku Deo (1496–1528)
  • Pratap Deo (1528–1564)
  • Raghunath Deo (1564–1594)
  • Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627)
  • Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658)
  • Dusmant Deo (1658–1693)
  • Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721)
  • Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747)
  • Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771)
  • Purusottam Deo (1771–1796)
  • Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831)
  • Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853)
  • Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881)
  • Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897)
  • Court of Wards (1897–1917)
  • Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939)
  • Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947)

Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE)

Main article: Sena dynasty
List of Sena dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Hemanta Sen 1070–1096
2 Vijay Sen 1096–1159
3 Ballal Sen 1159–1179
4 Lakshman Sen 1179–1206
5 Vishwarup Sen 1206–1225
6 Keshab Sen 1225–1230

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Main article: Kakatiya dynasty
  • Beta I (1000–1030)
  • Prola I (1030–1075)
  • Beta II (1075–1110)
  • Prola II (1110–1158)
  • Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
  • Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
  • Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
  • Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
  • Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]

Gahadavala dynasty (1072–1237)

Main article: Gahadavala dynasty
List of rulers–

Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)

Main article: Karnat dynasty
See also: History of Mithila
List of rulers–[70][71]
S.N. Ruler Regin
1 Nanyadeva 1097–1147
2 Gangadeva 1147–1187
3 Narsimhadeva 1187–1227
4 Ramasimhadeva 1227–1285
5 Shaktisimhadeva 1285–1295
6 Harisimhadeva 1295–1324

Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)

Main article: Chutia Kingdom
List of rulers
  • Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
  • Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
  • Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
  • Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
  • Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
  • Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
  • Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
  • Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
  • Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
  • Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
  • Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
  • Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
  • Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
  • Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
  • Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
  • Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty

Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)

Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE)

Main article: List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)

Main article: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)

Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)

Main article: Khalji dynasty

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)

Main article: Tughlaq dynasty

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)

Main article: Jaunpur Sultanate
  • Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
  • Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
  • Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
  • Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
  • Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
  • Hussain Shah (1458–1479)

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)

Main article: Sayyid dynasty

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)

Main article: Lodi dynasty

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)

Main article: Kadava dynasty
  • Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
  • Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE)

Main articles: Kingdom of Marwar and Rathore dynasty

Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE)
Name Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Siha 1226 1273
2 Rao Asthan 1273 1292
3 Rao Doohad 1292 1309
4 Rao Raipal 1309 1313
5 Rao Kanhapal 1313 1323
6 Rao Jalansi 1323 1328
7 Rao Chado 1328 1344
8 Rao Tida 1344 1357
9 Rao Kanha Dev 1357 1374
10 Rao Viram Dev 1374 1383
11 Rao Chandra 1383 1424
12 Rao Kanha 1424 1427
13 Rao Ranmal 1427 1438
Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE)
Name Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Jodha 12 May 1438 6 April 1489
2 Rao Satal 6 April 1489 March 1492
3 Rao Suja March 1492 2 October 1515
4 Rao Biram Singh 2 October 1515 8 November 1515
5 Rao Ganga 8 November 1515 9 May 1532
6 Rao Maldeo 9 May 1532 7 November 1562
7 Rao Chandra Sen 7 November 1562 1581
8 Raja Udai Singh 4 August 1583 11 July 1595
9 Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal 11 July 1595 7 September 1619
10 Maharaja Gaj Singh I 7 September 1619 6 May 1638
11 Maharaja Jaswant Singh 6 May 1638 28 December 1678
12 Maharaja Ajit Singh 19 February 1679 24 June 1724
13 Raja Indra Singh 9 June 1679 4 August 1679
14 Maharaja Abhai Singh 24 June 1724 18 June 1749
15 Maharaja Ram Singh First reign 18 June 1749 July 1751
16 Maharaja Bakht Singh July 1751 21 September 1752
17 Maharaja Vijay Singh 21 September 1752 31 January 1753
18 Maharaja Ram Singh 31 January 1753 September 1772
19 Maharaja Vijay Singh September 1772 17 July 1793
20 Maharaja Bhim Singh 17 July 1793 19 October 1803
21 Maharaja Man Singh 19 October 1803 4 September 1843
22 Maharaja Sir Takht Singh 4 September 1843 13 February 1873
23 Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II 13 February 1873 11 October 1895
24 Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh 20 March 1911
25 Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh 20 March 1911 3 October 1918
26 Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh 3 October 1918 9 June 1947
27 Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh 9 June 1947 7 April 1949
28 (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur 26 January 1952 Present

Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)

Main article: Ahom dynasty
The list of Swargadeos of the Ahom Kingdom
Years Reign Ahom name Other names succession End of reign Capital
1228–1268 40y Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo
1268–1281 13y Suteuphaa son of Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo
1281–1293 8y Subinphaa son of Suteuphaa natural death Charaideo
1293–1332 39y Sukhaangphaa son of Subinphaa natural death Charaideo
1332–1364 32y Sukhrangpha son of Sukhaangphaa natural death Charaideo
1364–1369 5y Interregnum[72]
1369–1376 7y Sutuphaa brother of Sukhrangphaa[73] assassinated[74] Charaideo
1376–1380 4y Interregnum
1380–1389 9y Tyao Khamti brother of Sutuphaa assassinated[75] Charaideo
1389–1397 8y Interregnum
1397–1407 10y Sudangphaa Baamuni Konwar son of Tyao Khaamti[76] natural death Charagua
1407–1422 15y Sujangphaa son of Sudangphaa natural death
1422–1439 17y Suphakphaa son of Sujangpha natural death
1439–1488 49y Susenphaa son of Suphakphaa natural death
1488–1493 5y Suhenphaa son of Susenphaa assassinated[77]
1493–1497 4y Supimphaa son of Suhenphaa natural death
1497–1539 42y Suhungmung Swarganarayan,
Dihingiaa Rojaa I 		son of Supimphaa assassinated[78] Bakata
1539–1552 13y Suklenmung Garhgayaan Rojaa son of Suhungmung natural death Garhgaon
1552–1603 51y Sukhaamphaa Khuraa Rojaa son of Suklenmung natural death Garhgaon
1603–1641 38y Susenghphaa Prataap Singha,
Burhaa Rojaa,
Buddhiswarganarayan 		son of Sukhaamphaa natural death Garhgaon
1641–1644 3y Suramphaa Jayaditya Singha,
Bhogaa Rojaa 		son of Susenghphaa deposed[79] Garhgaon
1644–1648 4y Sutingphaa Noriyaa Rojaa brother of Suramphaa deposed[80] Garhgaon
1648–1663 15y Sutamla Jayadhwaj Singha,
Bhoganiyaa Rojaa 		son of Sutingphaa natural death Garhgaon/Bakata
1663–1670 7y Supangmung Chakradhwaj Singha cousin of Sutamla[81] natural death Bakata/Garhgaon
1670–1672 2y Sunyatphaa Udayaditya Singha brother of Supangmung[82] deposed[83]
1672–1674 2y Suklamphaa Ramadhwaj Singha brother of Sunyatphaa poisoned[84]
1674–1675 21d Suhung[85] Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung deposed[86]
1675-1675 24d Gobar Roja great-grandson of Suhungmung[87] deposed[88]
1675–1677 2y Sujinphaa[89] Arjun Konwar,
Dihingia Rojaa II 		grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain deposed, suicide[90]
1677–1679 2y Sudoiphaa Parvatia Rojaa great-grandson of Suhungmung[91] deposed, killed[92]
1679–1681 3y Sulikphaa Ratnadhwaj Singha,
Loraa Rojaa 		Samaguria family deposed, killed[93]
1681–1696 15y Supaatphaa Gadadhar Singha son of Gobar Rojaa natural death Borkola
1696–1714 18y Sukhrungphaa Rudra Singha son of Supaatphaa natural death Rangpur
1714–1744 30y Sutanphaa Siva Singha son Sukhrungphaa natural death
1744–1751 7y Sunenphaa Pramatta Singha brother of Sutanphaa natural death
1751–1769 18y Suremphaa Rajeswar Singha brother of Sunenphaa natural death
1769–1780 11y Sunyeophaa Lakshmi Singha brother of Suremphaa natural death
1780–1795 15y Suhitpangphaa Gaurinath Singha son of Sunyeophaa natural death Jorhat
1795–1811 16y Suklingphaa Kamaleswar Singha great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha[94] natural death, smallpox Jorhat
1811–1818 7y Sudingphaa (1) Chandrakaanta Singha brother of Suklingphaa deposed[95] Jorhat
1818–1819 1y Purandar Singha (1) descendant of Suremphaa[95] deposed[96] Jorhat
1819–1821 2y Sudingphaa (2) Chandrakaanta Singha fled the capital[97]
1821–1822 1y Jogeswar Singha 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler[98] removed[99]
1833–1838 Purandar Singha (2)[100]

Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)

Main article: Vaghela dynasty

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

  • Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
  • Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
  • Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
  • Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
  • Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.

Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)

Main article: Jaffna Kingdom
List of rulers–

Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)

Main article: Twipra Kingdom

Manikya dynasty

Main article: Manikya dynasty
List of rulers–
  • Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
  • Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
  • Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)
Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Maha Manikyac. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I1462–1487
Pratap Manikya1487
Vijaya Manikya I1488
Mukut Manikya1489
Dhanya Manikya1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya1515–1520
Deva Manikya1520–1530
Indra Manikya I1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II1532–1563
Ananta Manikya1563–1567
Udai Manikya I1567–1573
Joy Manikya I1573–1577
Amar Manikya1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya1600
Yashodhar Manikya1600–1623
Interregnum1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya1626–1660
Govinda Manikya1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya1661–1667
Govinda Manikya1661–1673
Rama Manikya1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II1685–1693
Narendra Manikya1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II1714–1725
Jagat Manikya1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II1729
Mukunda Manikya1729–1739
Joy Manikya IIc. 1739–1744
Indra Manikya IIc. 1744–1746
Udai Manikya IIc. 1744
Joy Manikya II1746
Vijaya Manikya III1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya1740s/1750s
Interregnum1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya1806–1809
Durga Manikya1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya1947–1949
1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)

On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[102]

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

Main articles: Nayaka dynasties and Kingdom of Kandy
See also: Musunuri Nayakas, Recherla Nayakas, Pemmasani Nayaks, Nayaks of Gingee, Nayakas of Keladi, Thanjavur Nayak kingdom, Madurai Nayak dynasty, Nayakas of Chitradurga, and Nayaks of Kandy

The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.

Nayaka dynasty

See also: Nayaka dynasties
Ruler Reign Capital
Prolaya 1323-1333 Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Kapaya 1333-1368 Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Warangal annexed to Recherla
Singama I 1335-1361 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha I 1361-1384
Singama II 1384-1399
Anavotha II 1399-1421
Mada 1421-1430
Singama III 1430-1475
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire
Kumaravira Timma I 1441-1462 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Chenna Vibhudu 1462-1505
Vaiyappa 1464-1490 Gingee
(Gingee line)[103]
Tubaki Krishnappa 1490-1520 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Chaudappa 1499-1530 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Ramalinga 1505-1540 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra 1520-1540 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Viswanatha 1529-1564 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Sadashiva 1530-1566[104] Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chevappa 1532-1580 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Bangaru Timma 1540-1565 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Muthialu 1540-1570 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Krishnappa I 1564-1572 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Narasimha 1565-1598 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Sankanna I 1566-1570 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Timanna 1568-1589 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Sankanna II the Younger
(Chikka Sankanna)		 1570-1580 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Venkatappa 1570-1600 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Virappa 1572-1595 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Ramaraja 1580-1586 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Achuthappa 1580-1614 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Venkatappa I the Elder
(Hiriya Venkatappa)		 1586-1629 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna-Madakari I 1589-1602 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Krishnappa II 1595-1601 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Timma 1598-1623 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Varadappa 1600-1620 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Muthu Krishnappa 1601-1609 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Kasturi Rangappa I 1602-1652 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Muthu Virappa I 1609-1623 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Raghunatha 1614-1634 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Appa 1620-1649 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate
Chenna Timma 1623-1652 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Tirumala 1623-1659 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Virabhadra 1629-1645 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Vijaya Raghava 1634-1673 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire
Shivappa 1645-1660 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari II 1652-1674 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Kumaravira Timma II 1652-1685 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda
Muthu Virappa II 1659 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Chokanatha I 1659-1682
Venkatappa II the Younger
(Chikka Venkatappa)		 1660-1662 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Bhadrappa 1662-1664
Somashekara I 1664-1672
Chennamma 1672-1697
Obanna II 1674-1675 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Shoora Kantha 1675-1676
Chikanna 1676-1686
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689)
Aranga Krishna
Muthu Virappa III		 1682-1689 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Madakari III 1686-1688 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Donne Rangappa 1688-1689
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704)
Vijayaranga
Chokanatha II		 1689-1732 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Bharamana 1689-1721 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basavappa 1697-1714 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara II 1714-1739
Madakari IV 1721-1748 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Meenakshi 1732-1736 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic
Basavappa 1739-1754 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha 1739-1747 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha 1747-1782
Kasturi Rangappa II 1748-1758 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basappa 1754-1759 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari V 1758-1779 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Virammaji 1759-1763 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha 1782-1798 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha 1798-1815[105][106]
Kandy becomes a British colony

Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

Main article: Nayaks of Vellore

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

  • Chinna Bommi Reddy
  • Thimma Reddy Nayak
  • Lingama Nayak

Other Nayaka kingdoms

Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)

Main article: Reddy Kingdom
List of rulers–
  • Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
  • Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
  • Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
  • Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
  • Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
  • Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
  • Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty

Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)

Main article: Oiniwar dynasty
List of rulers–

According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[109]

  • Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
  • Atirupa Thakur
  • Vishwarupa Thakur
  • Govinda Thakur
  • Lakshman Thakur
  • Kameshwar Thakur
  • Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
  • Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
  • Kirti Singh
  • Bhava Singh Deva
  • Deva Simha Singh
  • Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406[110][111]
  • Lakhima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled for 12 years from Raj Banauli. She committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.[110][112]
  • Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431[110]
  • Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
  • Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
  • Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
  • Dhir Singh Deva
  • Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
  • Rambhadra Deva
  • Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE

Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE)

Main articles: Vijayanagara Empire and List of Vijayanagara emperors

Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire South India.[113]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE)
Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE)
1 Harihara I 1336–1356
2 Bukka Raya I 1356–1377
3 Harihara II 1377–1404
4 Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405
5 Bukka Raya II 1405–1406
6 Deva Raya 1406–1422
7 Ramachandra Raya 1422
8 Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424
9 Deva Raya II 1424–1446
10 Mallikarjuna Raya 1446–1465
11 Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485
12 Praudha Raya 1485
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE)
13 Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491
14 Thimma Bhupala 1491
15 Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE)
16 Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503
17 Viranarasimha Raya 1503–1509
18 Krishnadevaraya 1509–1529
19 Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542
20 Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE)
21 Aliya Rama Raya 1542–1565
22 Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572
23 Sriranga Deva Raya 1572–1586
24 Venkatapati Deva Raya 1586–1614
25 Sriranga II 1614–1617
26 Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632
27 Peda Venkata Raya 1632–1642
28 Sriranga III 1642–1646/1652

Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)

Main article: Bahmani Sultanate

Bengal Sultanate (c. 1357–1576 CE)

Main article: Bengal Sultanate

Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE)

Main article: Malwa Sultanate
Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)
  • Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
  • Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
  • Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
  • Masud Khan (1436)
Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)

Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)

Main article: Baro-Bhuyan
List of Kingdoms and their rulers are

Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)

  • Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
  • Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
  • Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
  • Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)

Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE)

Main article: Tomaras of Gwalior

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[114][115]

Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST) Reign Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[116]
Uddharaṇa-deva 1400–1402 CE Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)[117]
Virāma-deva 1402–1423 CE Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings)
Gaṇapati-deva 1423–1425 CE Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha 1425–1459 CE Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva 1459–1480 CE Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla 1480–1486 CE Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha 1486–1516 CE Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya 1516–1523 CE Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE)

Main articles: Kingdom of Mysore and Wadiyar dynasty
List of rulers

Gajapati Empire (c. 1434–1541 CE)

Main article: Gajapati Empire
Rulers–
Picture King Reign
Kapilendra Deva 1434–1467
Purushottama Deva 1467–1497
Prataparudra Deva 1497–1540
Kalua Deva 1540–1541
Kakharua Deva 1541

Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465–1947 CE)

Main articles: Bikaner State and Rathore dynasty
Rulers–
Name Reign Began (in CE) Reign Ended (in CE)
1 Rao Bika 1465 1504
2 Rao Narayan Singh 1504 1505
3 Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) 1505 1526
4 Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) 1526 1542
5 Rao Kalyan Mal 1542 1574
6 Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) 1574 1612
7 Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) 1612 1613
8 Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya 1613 1631
9 Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) 1631 1667
10 Anup Singh 1669 1698
11 Rao Sarup Singh 1698 1700
12 Rao Sujan Singh 1700 1735
13 Rao Zorawar Singh 1735 1746
14 Rao Gaj Singh 1746 1787
15 Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) 1787 1787
16 Rao Pratap Singh 1787 1787
17 Rao Surat Singh 1787 1828
18 Rao Ratan Singh 1828 1851
19 Rao Sardar Singh 1851 1872
20 Dungar Singh 1872 1887
21 Ganga Singh 1887 1943
22 Sadul Singh 1943 1947
23 Karni Singh 1947 1971

Deccan Sultanates (c. 1490–1686 CE)

Main article: Deccan Sultanates

Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)

Main article: Bidar Sultanate

Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)

Main article: Berar sultanate

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)

Main article: Adil Shahi dynasty

Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)

Main article: Ahmadnagar Sultanate

Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)

Main article: Qutb Shahi dynasty

Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam (c. 15th–17th century CE)

Main articles: Gatti Mudalis and Taramangalam
List of known rulers–
  • Vanagamudi Gatti
  • Immudi Gatti
  • Gatti Mudali

Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE)

Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)

List of Maharajas of Cochin

Koch Kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE)

List of Maharajas of Koch

Mughal Empire (c. 1526–1857 CE)

List of emperors of the Mughal Empire

Sur Empire (c. 1540–1555 CE)

List of rulers of the Sur Empire

Gajapati of Odisha

Lists of Gajapatis

Khurda Kingdom

List of rulers of Khurda

Kingdom of Sikkim (c. 1642–1975 CE)

List of Chogyals of Sikkim

Maratha Empire (c. 1674–1818 CE)

Main articles: List of Maratha rulers and List of Maratha dynasties and states

List of Chhatrapatis of the Marathas

Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE)

List of Thanjavur Maratha rulers

The Peshwas (c. 1713–1858 CE)

List of Peshwas

Baroda State (c. 1721–1947 CE)

List of Maharajas of Baroda

Gwalior State (c. 1731–1947 CE)

List of Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior

Indore State (c. 1731–1948 CE)

List of Maharajas of Indore

Kingdom of Bengal (c. 1717–1757 CE)

Main article: Nawabs of Bengal

List of rulers-

Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur and Deeg (c. 1683–1947 CE)

Main article: Bharatpur State
List of rulers

Template:Sinsinwar Jat

Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE)

Main article: Pudukkottai state
Rulers-

Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE)

Main article: Sivaganga estate
Rulers–[118]
  • Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), founder of kingdom
  • Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
  • Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)
  • Vellacci (1790–1793)
  • Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last independent ruler
Zamindar under British rule (1803–1947)

Kingdom of Travancore (c. 1729–1949 CE)

Main article: Travancore
Rulers–

Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (c. 1769–1858 CE)

Main articles: Newalkar and Jhansi State
List of rulers–
  • Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
  • Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
  • Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
  • Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
  • Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
  • Gangadhar Rao (1843–1853)
  • Rani Lakshmi Bai as regent of Damodar Rao of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)[119]

Phulkian Dynasty of Punjab (c. 1763–1947)

Phulkian dynasty

Maharaja of Patiala

Nabha State

Jind State

Sikh Empire (c. 1801–1849 CE)

Maharaja of Punjab

Smaller Muslim polities

Dogra dynasty of Kashmir and Jammu (c. 1846–1952 CE)

Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu

Modern India (c. 1850s onwards)

Indian Empire (1858–1947 CE)

Main articles: British Raj and Emperor of India
Portrait Name Birth Reign Death Consort Imperial Durbar Royal House
Victoria 24 May 1819 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 22 January 1901 None[lower-alpha 1] 1 January 1877
(represented by Lord Lytton) 		Hanover
Edward VII 9 November 1841 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 6 May 1910

Alexandra of Denmark

1 January 1903
(represented by Lord Curzon) 		Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
George V 3 June 1865 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 20 January 1936

Mary of Teck

12 December 1911 Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(1910–1917)
Windsor
(1917–1936)
File:His Majesty King Edward VIII in Garter Robes (cropped).jpg Edward VIII 23 June 1894 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 28 May 1972 None None[lower-alpha 2] Windsor
George VI 14 December 1895 11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947[120] 6 February 1952

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

None[lower-alpha 3] Windsor

Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)

Main articles: Dominion of India and List of heads of state of India § Monarch of India (1947–1950)
Portrait Name Birth Reign Death Consort Royal House
George VI 14 December 1895 15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950[120] 6 February 1952

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

Windsor

See also

Other lists of monarchs

Notes

  1. ↑ Victoria's husband Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861.
  2. ↑ Edward VIII abdicated after less than one year of reign.
  3. ↑ A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to poverty and demands for independence.[121]

References

  1. ↑ Cunningham, Alexander (1877). Inscriptions of Asoka.
  2. ↑ Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircar p.30
  3. ↑ Misra, V.S. (2007). Ancient Indian Dynasties, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 81-7276-413-8, pp.283-8, 384
  4. ↑ The numbering in Eastern Chalukya is independent from the main branch of the family.
  5. ↑ Ruling dates for the Vemulavada Chalukyas are estimated.
  6. ↑ Known alternatively as Amma I.
  7. ↑ Alternatively known as Bhima III.
  8. ↑ Alternatively known as Amma II.
  9. ↑ Numbered after his non-ruling great-great-grandfather Tailapa I.
  10. ↑ Numbered after his great-grandfather Vikramaditya IV and an unknown or non-existent Vikramaditya III. The numbering follows Vikramaditya II of Badami.
  11. ↑ Numbered after Jayasimha I of Badami. Also known as Jagadhekamalla I.
  12. ↑ Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (2006). Political History Of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing. p. 348. ISBN 9788130702919. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  13. ↑ R. T. Vyas; Umakant Premanand Shah (1995). Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects. Abhinav Publications. p. 31. ISBN 9788170173168. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  14. ↑ "The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu" (PDF). www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  15. ↑ V. V. Mirashi (1974). Bhavabhuti. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1180-5.
  16. ↑ P. C. Roy (1980). "The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura". The Coinage of Northern India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-122-5.
  17. ↑ von Hinüber, Oskar. "Bronzes of the Ancient Buddhist Kingdom of Gilgit". www.metmuseum.org.
  18. ↑ "Metropolitan Museum of Art". www.metmuseum.org.
  19. ↑ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. Nand Kishore & Sons. pp. 51–70. OCLC 11038728.
  20. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. xvi. OCLC 12737199.
  21. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma (1975) [First published 1959]. Early Chauhān Dynasties (2nd ed.). S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8426-0618-9.
  22. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
  23. ↑ Wink, André (1996) [First published 1990]. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. I (3rd ed.). BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-90-04-09249-5.
  24. ↑ Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978). Inscriptions of Ancient Assam. Guwahati: Gauhati University. p. 105.
  25. ↑ "Kingdom that Mughals could never win". The Tribune. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  26. ↑ International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Vol. 6. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1885. p. 451.
  27. ↑ "Bishnupur". Britannica. Mallabhum kingdom
  28. ↑ Steemers, Koen (2000). Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ... James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. p. 377. ISBN 1902916166.
  29. ↑ Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009). Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur. A Mittal Publication. pp. 31–43. ISBN 978-81-8324-294-3.
  30. ↑ Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921). History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal (the University of Michigan ed.). Calcutta. pp. 128–130. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  31. ↑ Handa 2002, p. 28 to 32.
  32. ↑ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [First published 1988]. Ancient Indian History and Civilization (2nd ed.). New Age International. pp. 264–668. ISBN 81-224-1198-3.
  33. ↑ Georg Bühler, 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276
  34. ↑ Alexander Cunningham, ed. (1871). Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884. Vol. I. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 141–145. OCLC 421335527.
  35. ↑ D. C. Ganguly (1981). R. S. Sharma (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985). Vol. 3, Part 1. Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans. p. 704.
  36. ↑ Alexander Cunningham 1871, p. 149.
  37. ↑ Jagbir Singh (2002). The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility. Aavishkar. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-7910-016-5.
  38. ↑ "Nasik History - Ancient Period". State Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
  39. ↑ Sen 1999, p. 264.
  40. ↑ "Kannauj after Harsha". Jagran Josh. 14 October 2015.
  41. ↑ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4.
  42. ↑ Sullerey, Sushil Kumar (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.
  43. ↑ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  44. ↑ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 329. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
  45. ↑ Smith, Walter (1994). The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-81-208-0793-8.
  46. ↑ Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 22 (1): 103. JSTOR 41490376.
  47. ↑ Dániel Balogh (2010). "A Copperplate Land Grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63 (3): 270. doi:10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3. JSTOR 23659005.
  48. ↑ Petech, Luciano (1977). The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. pp. 171–172.
  49. ↑ Sali, M. L. (20 April 1998). India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector. APH Publishing. ISBN 9788170249641. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via Google Books.
  50. ↑ Kaul, H. N. (20 April 1998). Rediscovery of Ladakh. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173870866. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via Google Books.
  51. ↑ Romila Thapar (2008). Somanatha. Penguin. p. 236. ISBN 9780143064688.
  52. ↑ A. K. Majumdar (1956). Chaulukyas of Gujarat. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 199. OCLC 4413150.
  53. ↑ Michael D. Willis (1996). "Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers". South Asian Studies. 12 (1): 14. doi:10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506.
  54. ↑ "Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010)". Bhopal: Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project). Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  55. ↑ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966). Raja Man Singh of Amber. pp. 1.
  56. ↑ 56.00 56.01 56.02 56.03 56.04 56.05 56.06 56.07 56.08 56.09 56.10 56.11 56.12 56.13 56.14 56.15 56.16 Prasad (1966, pp. 1–3)
  57. ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [1984]. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938. Orient Longman. p. 31. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
  58. ↑ Sarkar (1994, p. 33)
  59. ↑ Sarkar (1994, p. 259)
  60. ↑ Sarkar (1994, p. 260)
  61. ↑ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10
  62. ↑ Stein 1989b, p. 433.
  63. ↑ Thakur 1990, p. 287.
  64. ↑ Stein, Marc Aurel (1979) [First published 1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir. Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 133–138. ISBN 9780896841017.
  65. ↑ Tucci 1956, p. 66.
  66. ↑ Sen 1999, p. 272.
  67. ↑ Niyogi 1959, pp. 115–117.
  68. ↑ Niyogi 1959, p. 38.
  69. ↑ Niyogi 1959, p. 41.
  70. ↑ Hodgson, B. H. (1835). "Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province". Journal of the Asiatic Society. 4: 121−124.
  71. ↑ Chaudhary, Radhakrishna. Mithilak Itihas (in हिन्दी). Ram Vilas Sahu. pp. 70–112. ISBN 9789380538280.
  72. ↑ Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968, p. 273). Gait and others do not record this (Gait 1906, p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993, p. 282)
  73. ↑ Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968, p. 273)
  74. ↑ Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the Chutiya kingdom on a barge ride on Suffry river (Gogoi 1968:273).
  75. ↑ Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968:274).
  76. ↑ Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung (Gogoi 1968:274–275).
  77. ↑ Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968:282).
  78. ↑ Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968:309).
  79. ↑ Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968:386). He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.
  80. ↑ Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi 1968:391–392).
  81. ↑ Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja), the second son of Suhungmung (Gogoi 1968:448).
  82. ↑ The Maju Gohain, the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968, p. 470)
  83. ↑ Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group (Gogoi 1968:479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of Gadadhar Singha.
  84. ↑ Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968:484).
  85. ↑ Deyell, John S. Ahom Language Coins of Assam.
  86. ↑ The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968:486).
  87. ↑ Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of Suhungmung Dihingiya Roja.
  88. ↑ Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the Saraighatias (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by Atan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968:486–488). Their target was the de facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.
  89. ↑ After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more Prince rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung)
  90. ↑ Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the de facto ruler, Atan Burhagohain, but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi 1968:489).
  91. ↑ Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968:490).
  92. ↑ Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. Atan Burhagohain, the powerful minister, had been executed earlier (Gogoi 1968:492–493).
  93. ↑ Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by Gadadhar Singha (Gogoi 1968:496–497).
  94. ↑ Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of Gadadhar Singha. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign (Baruah 1993:148–150).
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993:221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of Suremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906:223).
  96. ↑ Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993:221–222).
  97. ↑ Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of Bagyidaw king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993:223).
  98. ↑ Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of Bagyidaw. He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993:223).
  99. ↑ Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993:225).
  100. ↑ Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam (Baruah 1993:244).
  101. ↑ "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna". Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  102. ↑ Suresh K. Sharma, Documents on North-East India: Tripura, pp. 93-95
  103. ↑ The list presented for the Gingee line follows Srinivasachari, which takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464.
  104. ↑ Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. Coin & Currency Institute. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  105. ↑ Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946). History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.). Waltair: Andhra University. p. 81.: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."
  106. ↑ Rama Rao, M. (1947). "The Fall of Warangal and After". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 10: 295. JSTOR 44137150. It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs.
  107. ↑ Howes, Jennifer (1 January 1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 28. ISBN 07-0071-585-1.
  108. ↑ Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu. Oxford University Press. p. 18.
  109. ↑ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 155–157. ISBN 9788175330344.
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 Love Songs of Vidyāpati. Translated by Bhattacharya, Deben. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 1963.
  111. ↑ Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915). Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna. London: The Old Bourne Press.
  112. ↑ Upendra Thakur (1956). History of Mithila. Mithila Institute. pp. 320–322.
  113. ↑ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.
  114. ↑ Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984). Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history. Arnold-Heinemann. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1.
  115. ↑ B. D. Misra (1993). Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland. Manohar. pp. 27–46. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.
  116. ↑ Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6. OCLC 500687579.
  117. ↑ Sant Lal Katare (1975). "Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior". Journal of the Oriental Institute. XXIII. Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346.
  118. ↑ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720
  119. ↑ Guida M. Jackson; Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 227. ISBN 9781576070918.
  120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.
  121. ↑ Vickers, Hugo (2006), Elizabeth: The Queen Mother, Arrow Books/Random House, p. 175, ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7

Books


Timeline and
cultural period 		Northwestern India
(Punjab-Sapta Sindhu) 		Indo-Gangetic Plain Central India Southern India
Upper Gangetic Plain
(Ganga-Yamuna doab) 		Middle Gangetic Plain Lower Gangetic Plain
IRON AGE
Culture Late Vedic Period Late Vedic Period
(Srauta culture)[lower-alpha 1]
Painted Grey Ware culture 		Late Vedic Period
(Shramanic culture)[lower-alpha 2]
Northern Black Polished Ware 		Pre-history
 6th century BCE Gandhara Kuru-Panchala Magadha Adivasi (tribes) Assaka
Culture Persian-Greek influences "Second Urbanisation"
Rise of Shramana movements
Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga 		Pre-history
 5th century BCE (Persian conquests) Shaishunaga dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Assaka
 4th century BCE (Greek conquests) Nanda empire
HISTORICAL AGE
Culture Spread of Buddhism Pre-history
 3rd century BCE Maurya Empire Satavahana dynasty
Sangam period
(300 BCE – 200 CE)
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Cheras
Culture Preclassical Hinduism[lower-alpha 3] - "Hindu Synthesis"[lower-alpha 4] (ca. 200 BC - 300 CE)[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6]
Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition
Mahayana Buddhism
 2nd century BCE Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Empire
Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty 		Satavahana dynasty
Sangam period
(300 BCE – 200 CE)
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Cheras
 1st century BCE
 1st century CE

Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians

Kuninda Kingdom
 2nd century Kushan Empire
 3rd century Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom Kushan Empire Western Satraps Kamarupa kingdom Adivasi (tribes)
Culture "Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. CE 320-650)[lower-alpha 7]
Puranas
Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
 4th century Kidarites Gupta Empire
Varman dynasty 		Andhra Ikshvakus
Kalabhra dynasty
Kadamba Dynasty
Western Ganga Dynasty
 5th century Hephthalite Empire Alchon Huns Vishnukundina
Kalabhra dynasty
 6th century Nezak Huns
Kabul Shahi 		Maitraka Adivasi (tribes) Vishnukundina
Badami Chalukyas
Kalabhra dynasty
Culture Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100)[lower-alpha 8]
Advaita Vedanta - Tantra
Decline of Buddhism in India
 7th century Indo-Sassanids Vakataka dynasty
Empire of Harsha 		Mlechchha dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Badami Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan Kingdom (Revival)
Pallava
 8th century Kabul Shahi Pala Empire Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan Kingdom
Kalachuri
 9th century Gurjara-Pratihara Rashtrakuta dynasty
Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan Kingdom
Medieval Cholas
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
10th century Ghaznavids Pala dynasty
Kamboja-Pala dynasty 		Kalyani Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas
Medieval Cholas
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
Rashtrakuta
References and sources for table

References

  1. ↑ Samuel
  2. ↑ Samuel
  3. ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
  4. ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
  5. ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
  6. ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
  7. ↑ Michaels (2004) p.40
  8. ↑ Michaels (2004) p.41

Sources

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