List of Jat dynasties and states

This article is a list of Jat dynasties, states, and princely states. The Jats are a traditionally agricultural community spread out across Pakistan and Northern India, specifically in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Western UP, Sindh, and AJK. During the medieval and colonial eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.

Maharaja Surajmal, ruler of Bharatpur State at its zenith

Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire

List of dynasties and states[edit | edit source]

Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.

Dynasties[edit | edit source]

Rohilla dynasty^[1]^[2]^[3] (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)^[4]
- Kingdom of Rohilkhand (1721-1774)
- Rampur State (1774-1947)
Phulkian dynasty^[5]^[6]^[7] (Sidhu-Brar)
- Patiala State (1762-1947)
- Nabha State (1763-1947)
- Faridkot State (1763-1948)
- Jind State (1763-1948)
Majithia family^[8] (Shergill)
Mauleheri family^[9] (Panwar)

States[edit | edit source]

Gohad State (1505-1805)
Dholpur State (1805-1947)
Hathras State (1712-1947)
Mursan State (1735-1947)
Bharatpur State^[10]^[11] (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)
9 out of the 12 Sikh Misls (1748-1799):
- Bhangi Misl^[12] (Dhillon)
- Kanhaiya Misl^[13] (Sandhu)
- Nakai Misl^[14] (Sandhu)
- Nishanwalia Misl^[15] (Shergill & Gill)
- Phulkian Misl^[16] (Sidhu-Brar)
- Shaheedan Misl^[17] (Sandhu)
- Singhpuria Misl^[18] (Virk)
- Singh Krora Misl^[19] (Virk & Dhaliwal)
- Sukerchakia Misl^[20]^[21]^[22] (Sandhawalia)
Kalsia State^[23] (1763-1948, Sandhu)
Kaithal State^[24] (1767-1843, Sidhu)
Ladwa State^[25] (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)
Sikh Empire^[26]^[27] (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)
Bahawalpur State^[28]^[29] (1748-1955, Daudpotra)
Ballabgarh estate^[30] (1705-1858, Tewatia)
Unchagaon estate ^[31] ^[32](18th-century to 1947, Pilania)
Bahanpur estate^[33]^[34](18th-century to 1947, Pilania)

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). Rethinking Early Modern India. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. ISBN 978-81-7304-308-6. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."
↑ Irvine, W. (1971). Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 118. Retrieved 2022-07-30. Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.
↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1980]. History of the Sikhs. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-215-0213-9. OCLC 165428303. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."
↑ Society, Pakistan Historical (1994). Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Pakistan Historical Society.
↑ D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. p. 35. ISBN 9781349115563.
↑ Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024.
↑ Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. ISBN 0-8364-2883-8. OCLC 29703420. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024.
↑ Rekhi, Gurnam Singh (1999). Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics (PDF). Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 15. ...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.
↑ Stokes, Eric (1978). The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521297707.
↑ Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). An Advanced History of Modern India. Macmillan. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-230-32885-3.
↑ Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. doi:10.2307/2052551. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2052551. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."
↑ Sidhu, Kuldip Singh (1994). Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars. National Book Shop. p. 204. ISBN 978-8-171-1-61652. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
↑ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980). Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty. Gur Das Kapur. p. 552. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
↑ Chhabra, G. S. (1960). The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1. Sharanjit. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
↑ McLeod, W. H. (2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-810-8-63446. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
↑ D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. p. 35. ISBN 9781349115563.
↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (2001). History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls (illustrated ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 580. ISBN 978-8-121-5-01651. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
↑ Punjab (India) (1987). Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar. Controller of Print. and Stationery. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (2001). history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls (3, illustrated, revised ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 580. ISBN 978-8-121-5-01651. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
↑ Service, Tribune News. "Braving the ravages of time". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
↑ Das, Veena (2004). Handbook of Indian Sociology (2 ed.). New York. p. 502. ISBN 978-0-195-6-68315. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ Gill, Surjit S. (2003). Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective. Labuan Sikh Society. p. 138. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
↑ Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-81-321-1589-2.
↑ Low, D. A. (1991). Political Inheritance of Pakistan (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. ISBN 9781349115563. "Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."
↑ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980). Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty. Gur Das Kapur. p. 365.
↑ Gill, Surjit S. (2003). Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective. Labuan Sikh Society.
↑ Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy. Punjabi University. p. 86. ISBN 978-81-7380-772-5. OCLC 557676461. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."
↑ Gilmartin, David (2020-04-14). Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-35553-8.
↑ Wink, André (2025). "The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands". The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. IV. Leiden: Brill. p. 100. ISBN 978-90-04-72921-6.
↑ Kolff, Dirk H. A. (2010-08-13). Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830. BRILL. p. 162. ISBN 978-90-04-18802-0. the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.
↑ Unchagaon Jat Chiefs Website www.jatchiefs.com official website 2025 (History).
↑ Bates, Crispin (2013). Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality. SAGE Publishing India. p. 130. ISBN 978-81-321-1589-2.
↑ "A Study of Bahanpur Haveli and Unchagaon Fort" (PDF). International Journal of History. International Journal of History. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
↑ Sahil Singh Baliyan :. "Pilania Zamindars of Bahanpur and Unchagaon". Jat Chiefs Office website. Sahil Singh. Retrieved 31 July 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links[edit | edit source]

Princely States of India A-J at WorldStatesmen
Princely States of India K-Z at WorldStatesmen

[1] Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). Rethinking Early Modern India. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. ISBN 978-81-7304-308-6. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."

[Irvine_1971_p.118-2] Irvine, W. (1971). Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 118. Retrieved 2022-07-30. Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.

[3] Gupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1980]. History of the Sikhs. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-215-0213-9. OCLC 165428303. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."

[4] Society, Pakistan Historical (1994). Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Pakistan Historical Society.

[5] D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. p. 35. ISBN 9781349115563.

[6] Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024.

[7] Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. ISBN 0-8364-2883-8. OCLC 29703420. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024.

[:1-8] Rekhi, Gurnam Singh (1999). Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics (PDF). Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 15. ...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.

[9] Stokes, Eric (1978). The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521297707.

[10] Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). An Advanced History of Modern India. Macmillan. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-230-32885-3.

[11] Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. doi:10.2307/2052551. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2052551. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."

[12] Sidhu, Kuldip Singh (1994). Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars. National Book Shop. p. 204. ISBN 978-8-171-1-61652. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

[13] Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980). Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty. Gur Das Kapur. p. 552. Retrieved 26 July 2021.

[14] Chhabra, G. S. (1960). The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1. Sharanjit. Retrieved 24 July 2021.

[15] McLeod, W. H. (2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-810-8-63446. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

[16] D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. p. 35. ISBN 9781349115563.

[17] Gupta, Hari Ram (2001). History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls (illustrated ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 580. ISBN 978-8-121-5-01651. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

[18] Punjab (India) (1987). Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar. Controller of Print. and Stationery. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

[19] Gupta, Hari Ram (2001). history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls (3, illustrated, revised ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 580. ISBN 978-8-121-5-01651. Retrieved 24 July 2021.

[20] Service, Tribune News. "Braving the ravages of time". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2022-10-05.

[21] Das, Veena (2004). Handbook of Indian Sociology (2 ed.). New York. p. 502. ISBN 978-0-195-6-68315. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[22] Gill, Surjit S. (2003). Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective. Labuan Sikh Society. p. 138. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

[23] Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-81-321-1589-2.

[24] Low, D. A. (1991). Political Inheritance of Pakistan (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. ISBN 9781349115563. "Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."

[25] Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980). Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty. Gur Das Kapur. p. 365.

[26] Gill, Surjit S. (2003). Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective. Labuan Sikh Society.

[27] Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy. Punjabi University. p. 86. ISBN 978-81-7380-772-5. OCLC 557676461. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."

[28] Gilmartin, David (2020-04-14). Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-35553-8.

[29] Wink, André (2025). "The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands". The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. IV. Leiden: Brill. p. 100. ISBN 978-90-04-72921-6.

[30] Kolff, Dirk H. A. (2010-08-13). Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830. BRILL. p. 162. ISBN 978-90-04-18802-0. the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.

[31] Unchagaon Jat Chiefs Website www.jatchiefs.com official website 2025 (History).

[Bates2013-32] Bates, Crispin (2013). Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality. SAGE Publishing India. p. 130. ISBN 978-81-321-1589-2.

[33] "A Study of Bahanpur Haveli and Unchagaon Fort" (PDF). International Journal of History. International Journal of History. Retrieved 31 July 2026.

[34] Sahil Singh Baliyan :. "Pilania Zamindars of Bahanpur and Unchagaon". Jat Chiefs Office website. Sahil Singh. Retrieved 31 July 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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List of Jat dynasties and states

Contents

List of dynasties and states[edit | edit source]

Dynasties[edit | edit source]

States[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Further reading[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]