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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Jalandhar}}
{{Short description|District in Punjab, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Jalandhar district
| name = Jalandhar district
| native_name             =
| native_name =  
| native_name_lang        =  
| other_name =  
| other_name               =  
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| settlement_type         = [[Districts of Punjab, India|District]]
| image_skyline = Srai Nurmahal Jalandhar,Punjab,India 13.jpg
| image_skyline           =
| image_caption = [[Serai Nurmahal]]
| image_caption           = Gurudwara Shri Guru Singh Sabha
| image_map = Jalandhar in Punjab (India).svg
| image_map               = Jalandhar in Punjab (India).svg
| image_map1 =  
| map_caption              = Location in Punjab, India
| map_alt =  
| coordinates              = {{coord|31|19|48|N|75|34|12|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption = Location in Punjab
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1       = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Punjab (India) on a white background (1).png}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2       = Region
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2       = [[Doaba]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Doaba]]
| established_title       = <!-- Established -->
| established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date         =  
| established_date =  
| named_for               = Area inside the water or King [[Jalandhara]]
| named_for = Area inside the water
| seat_type               = Headquarters
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat                     = [[Jalandhar]]
| seat = [[Jalandhar]]
| leader_title1           = Administrator of [[District]]
| leader_title1 = Administrator of [[District]]
| leader_name1             = Sh. Ghanshyam Thori
| leader_name1 = Sh. Himanshu Aggarwal, IAS
| leader_title2           = Deputy commissioner
| leader_title2 = Deputy commissioner
| unit_pref               = Metric
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2           = 2,632
| area_total_km2 = 2,632
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_m             =  
| elevation_m =  
| population_footnotes     = {{cref|‡}}
| population_footnotes = {{cref|‡}}
| population_total         = 2,193,590
| population_total = 2193590
| population_as_of         = 2011
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| demographics1_info1      = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| postal_code =  
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| postal_code_type         = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| blank1_info_sec1 = 91.4%
| postal_code             =  
| website = {{URL|http://jalandhar.nic.in}}
| blank1_name_sec1         = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1         = 82.4%
| website                 = {{URL|http://jalandhar.nic.in}}
}}
}}
'''Jalandhar district''' (''Jalandhar Zilā'') is a district in [[Doaba]] region of the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. District headquarters is [[Jalandhar]] city.
'''Jalandhar district''' is a district in [[Doaba]] region of the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India. The district headquarters is the city of [[Jalandhar]].


Before the [[Partition of India]], Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the '''Jalandhar Division''', with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, [[Ludhiana]], Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was [[Radcliffe Line|awarded to India]] when Punjab was partitioned.<ref>[http://jalandhar.nic.in/jddh.aspx Jalandhar Division], Jalandhar District Portal, retrieved 26 July 2017.</ref>
Before the [[Partition of India]], Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the '''Jalandhar Division''', with constituent districts Jalandhar, [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Ferozepur district|Ferozepur]] and [[Kangra district|Kangra]]. The entire Jalandhar Division was [[Radcliffe Line|awarded to India]] when Punjab was partitioned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://jalandhar.nic.in/jddh.aspx|title=Jalandhar Division|work=Jalandhar District Portal|access-date=26 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==History==
==History==
===Classical===
===Classical===
Later on Jalandhar was the site of the [[Katoch]] [[Rajput]] kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence is observed by the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] in the seventh century, and [[Kalhana]] records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>
[[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]]s established ancient city of Jalandhar in the 7th century, which is presently known as Jalandhar district. The City consistently had to deter invasion, which were endeavours of invaders.
 
Jalandhar was the site of the [[Katoch]] [[Rajput]] kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence is observed by the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] in the seventh century, and [[Kalhana]] records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century.&lt;ref name="auto1"&gt;Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908&lt;/ref&gt;


===Medieval===
===Medieval===
Jalandhar became part of the [[Persianate]] [[Ghaznavid Empire]] during the reign of [[Ibrahim of Ghazna|Ibrahim Shah]] sometime between 1058 and 1098, and by 1240, it was a fief of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref> In 1298, an army led by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Zafar Khan (Indian general)|Zafar Khan]] defeated in battle, and forced the retreat of invading [[Mongols]] of the [[Chagatai Khanate]].<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>
Jalandhar became part of the [[Persianate]] [[Ghaznavid Empire]] during the reign of [[Ibrahim of Ghazna|Ibrahim Shah]] sometime between 1058 and 1098, and by 1240, it was a fief of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; In 1298, an army led by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Zafar Khan (Indian general)|Zafar Khan]] defeated in battle, and forced the retreat of invading [[Mongols]] of the [[Chagatai Khanate]].&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt;


The sack and plunder of Delhi by [[Timur]] in 1398 gravely weakened the Delhi Sultanate and ushered in a period of lawlessness in the country. In 1416, the governor of Jalandhar, Malik Tughan assassinated the governor of Sirhind, and later rebelled against [[Khizr Khan]], before being defeated.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  In the following years [[Jasrath Khokhar]] led a series of raids across Jalandhar as he challenged the authority of the Sultan.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  In 1441, Jalandhar came under the authority of [[Bahlol Lodi]] who was appointed governor of Lahore province. Lodi made peace with Jasrath, rebelled and in 1450 became sovereign of Delhi.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>
The sack and plunder of Delhi by [[Timur]] in 1398 gravely weakened the Delhi Sultanate and ushered in a period of lawlessness in the country. In 1416, the governor of Jalandhar, Malik Tughan assassinated the governor of Sirhind, and later rebelled against [[Khizr Khan]], before being defeated.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; In the following years [[Jasrath Khokhar]] led a series of raids across Jalandhar as he challenged the authority of the Sultan.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; In 1441, Jalandhar came under the authority of [[Bahlol Lodi]] who was appointed governor of Lahore province. Lodi made peace with Jasrath, rebelled and in 1450 became sovereign of Delhi.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt;


===Early modern===
===Early modern===
====Mughal====
====Mughal====
When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to [[Daulat Khan Lodi]] at whose instigation he had come.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  The following year Lodi revolted and was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur’s son [[Humayun]] was expelled by [[Sher Shah Suri]] and Jalandhar became part of the [[Sur Empire]]. On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general [[Bairam Khan]] and later [[Akbar]]. Whilst Akbar had moved east to fight [[Hemu]], [[Sikandar Shah Suri|Sikandar Suri]] defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  On Akbar’s return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony was re-established.
When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to [[Daulat Khan Lodi]] at whose instigation he had come.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; The following year Lodi revolted and was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur's son [[Humayun]] was expelled by [[Sher Shah Suri]] and Jalandhar became part of the [[Sur Empire]]. On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general [[Bairam Khan]] and later [[Akbar]]. While Akbar had moved east to fight [[Hemu]], [[Sikandar Shah Suri|Sikandar Suri]] defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; On Akbar's return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony was re-established.
 
With the regaining of [[Humayun]], Muslim tribes such as [[Baloch people|Baloch]], Syed and [[Arain]] who were settled in [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan]] migrated to the Jalandhar Doaba region.


During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]] was founded by [[Guru Arjan]] on land granted by Akbar.<ref>Harish Dhillon, Janamsakhis, Ageless Stories, Timeless Values, Hay House, 2015</ref> The reigns of [[Jahangir]] and [[Shah Jahan]] saw significant improvements to the region’s infrastructure, and many villages were founded.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  The town of [[Phillaur]] dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, whilst the town of [[Nurmahal]] was re-established by Jahangir's consort [[Nur Jahan]], who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of [[Muhammad Shah]], evidenced by the significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>
During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]] was founded by [[Guru Arjan]] on land granted by Akbar.&lt;ref&gt;Harish Dhillon, Janamsakhis, Ageless Stories, Timeless Values, Hay House, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; The reigns of [[Jahangir]] and [[Shah Jahan]] saw significant improvements to the region's infrastructure, and many villages were founded.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; The town of [[Phillaur]] dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, while the town of [[Nurmahal]] was re-established by Jahangir's consort [[Nur Jahan]], who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of [[Muhammad Shah]], evidenced by the significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt;


====Durrani====
====Durrani====
[[Nader Shah's invasion of India]], culminating in the sack of Delhi in 1739, effectively ended Mughal imperial power. During his fourth invasion, Nurmahal was plundered and its inhabitants slaughtered.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  In 1756, [[Adina Beg]], a native of Jalandhar, assisted militarily by [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]], defeated Sarbuland Khan, the Afghan general and captured Jalandhar. In 1758, the [[Maratha Empire|Mahrattas]], at the instigation of Adina Beg, invaded the Punjab, defeating the Afghans, and installing Adina Beg as governor of the entire province.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  Adina Beg died in 1759, and in 1761 the Afghans returned, taking control of the Punjab, and driving out the Mahrattas.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>
[[Nader Shah's invasion of India]], culminating in the sack of Delhi in 1739, effectively ended Mughal imperial power. During his fourth invasion, Nurmahal was plundered and its inhabitants slaughtered.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; In 1756, [[Adina Beg]], [[Arain]] settled in Jalandhar, assisted militarily by [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]], defeated Sarbuland Khan, the Afghan general and captured Jalandhar. In 1758, the [[Marathas|Mahrattas]], at the instigation of Adina Beg, invaded the Punjab, defeating the Afghans, and installing Adina Beg as governor of the entire province.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; Adina Beg died in 1759, and in 1761 the Afghans returned, taking control of the Punjab, and driving out the Mahrattas.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt;


====Sikh====
====Sikh====
The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many [[sardar]]s dating the acquisition of their estates from 1759.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref> The [[Dallewalia Misl]], one of twelve [[Misl|Sikh Misl]]s that came to dominate the Punjab during this period originated in the southern extremities of the district. In 1766 the [[Singhpuria Misl|Faizullapuria Misl]] of [[Khushal Singh]] captured the town of Jalandhar and thereafter entrenched their power in the district.<ref name="auto2">Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85</ref>
The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many [[sardar]]s dating the acquisition of their estates from 1759.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; The [[Dallewalia Misl]], one of twelve [[Misl|Sikh Misl]]s that came to dominate the Punjab during this period originated in the southern extremities of the district. In 1766 the [[Singhpuria Misl|Faizullapuria Misl]] of [[Khushal Singh Singhpuria|Khushal Singh]] captured the town of Jalandhar and thereafter entrenched their power in the district.&lt;ref name="auto2"&gt;Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner &amp; Company, 1885, p.85&lt;/ref&gt;


In 1811, [[Ranjit Singh]] despatched [[Dewan Mokham Chand]] to annex Faizullapuria dominions in Jalandhar. By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under the control of Lahore and part of the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref name="auto2">Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85</ref> The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors.<ref name="auto2">Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85</ref>
In 1811, [[Ranjit Singh]] despatched [[Dewan Mokham Chand]] to annexe Faizullapuria dominions in [[Jalandhar]]. By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under the control of Lahore and part of the [[Sikh Empire]].&lt;ref name="auto2"/&gt; The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors.&lt;ref name="auto2"/&gt;


===Modern===
===Modern===
====British====
====British====
During both the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]  and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] no significant battle took place in Jalandhar.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref> Following the British victory in 1846, Jalandhar was ceded to the [[East India Company]] becoming part of the [[Cis-Sutlej states|Trans Sutlej States]].
During both the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]  and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] no significant battle took place in Jalandhar.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; Following the British victory in 1846, Jalandhar was ceded to the [[East India Company]] becoming part of the Trans Sutlej States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Abhijit |url=https://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/bardhan/e271_sp03/2_18.pdf |title=History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) |last2=Iyer |first2=Lakshmi |date=January 2003 |publisher=Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development |pages=39 |chapter=Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British}}&lt;/ref&gt;


When the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>  Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the [[8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot|8th Foot]] who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala]], [[John Nicholson (East India Company officer)|John Nicholson]]’s moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan.<ref>Cannon, Cannon & Cunningham (1883), pp. 103</ref>
When the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi.&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt; Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the [[8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot|8th Foot]] who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala]], [[John Nicholson (East India Company officer)|John Nicholson]]'s moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan.&lt;ref&gt;Cannon, Cannon &amp; Cunningham (1883), pp. 103&lt;/ref&gt;


In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the [[British Raj]] and in 1863 became administratively part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]].<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>
In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the [[British Raj]] and in 1863 became administratively part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]].&lt;ref name="auto1"/&gt;


The first case of the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] in the Punjab was reported in the village of [[Khatkar Kalan]] in 1897.<ref>James, C. H., Report on the outbreak of plague in the Jullundur and Hoshiarpur districts of the Punjab, 1897-98, 1898</ref>
The first case of the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] in the Punjab was reported in the village of [[Khatkar Kalan]] in 1897.&lt;ref&gt;James, C. H., Report on the outbreak of plague in the Jullundur and Hoshiarpur districts of the Punjab, 1897-98, 1898&lt;/ref&gt;


====Partition====
====Partition====
In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab.<ref name="auto3">J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998</ref> In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and Sikh leaders at Lahore.<ref name="auto3">J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998</ref> In June 1947, the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the [[Radcliffe Line]] was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India.<ref name="CheemaRiemer1990">{{cite book|author1=Pervaiz I Cheema|author2=Manuel Riemer|title=Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=22 August 1990|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-20942-2|pages=27–|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140644/https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|archive-date=30 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> As Jalandhar had a Muslim majority at the time it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan.<ref name="CheemaRiemer1990">{{cite book|author1=Pervaiz I Cheema|author2=Manuel Riemer|title=Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=22 August 1990|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-20942-2|pages=27–|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140644/https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|archive-date=30 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab.&lt;ref name="auto3"&gt;J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998&lt;/ref&gt; In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and Sikh leaders at Lahore.&lt;ref name="auto3"/&gt; In June 1947, the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the [[Radcliffe Line]] was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India.&lt;ref name="CheemaRiemer1990"&gt;{{cite book|author1=Pervaiz I Cheema|author2=Manuel Riemer|title=Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA27|date=22 August 1990|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-20942-2|pages=27–|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140644/https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA27|archive-date=30 July 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; As Jalandhar had a Muslim plurality at the time (45.23 per cent per the 1941 census)&lt;ref name="Census1941"/&gt; it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan.&lt;ref name="CheemaRiemer1990" /&gt;


==Administration==
==Administration==
Line 91: Line 92:
*Jalandhar-I, Jalandhar-II, [[Nakodar]], [[Phillaur]], and [[Shahkot, India|Shahkot]]
*Jalandhar-I, Jalandhar-II, [[Nakodar]], [[Phillaur]], and [[Shahkot, India|Shahkot]]


In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jal_adm.aspx|title=Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab|website=commissionerjalandhar.gov.in}}</ref>
In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jal_adm.aspx|title=Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab|website=commissionerjalandhar.gov.in|access-date=3 May 2020|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709080139/http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jal_adm.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;


*[[Adampur]], [[Bhogpur]], [[Goraya]], [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]], and [[Nurmahal]]
*[[Adampur]], [[Bhogpur]], [[Goraya]], [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]], and [[Nurmahal]]
Line 98: Line 99:
[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency]] is one of the 13 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in Punjab.
[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency]] is one of the 13 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in Punjab.


There are also nine [[Punjab Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies located in the district:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jalandhar.nic.in/constituencies/|title=Constituencies &#124; Jalandhar Web Portal &#124; India}}</ref>
There are also nine [[Punjab Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies located in the district:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jalandhar.nic.in/constituencies/|title=Constituencies &amp;#124; Jalandhar Web Portal &amp;#124; India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
*[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]], [[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Cantt]], [[Jalandhar Central Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Central]], [[Jalandhar North Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar North]], [[Jalandhar West Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar West]], [[Kartarpur Assembly Constituency|Kartarpur]], [[Nakodar Assembly Constituency|Nakodar]], [[Phillaur Assembly Constituency|Phillaur]], and [[Shahkot Assembly Constituency|Shahkot]]


*[[Adampur Assembly Constituency|Adampur]], [[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Cantt]], [[Jalandhar Central Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Central]], [[Jalandhar North Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar North]], [[Jalandhar West Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar West]], [[Kartarpur Assembly Constituency|Kartarpur]], [[Nakodar Assembly Constituency|Nakodar]], [[Phillaur Assembly Constituency|Phillaur]], and [[Shahkot Assembly Constituency|Shahkot]]
===MLA===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Constituency
! Name of MLA
! colspan="2" | Party
!Bench
|-
!30
|[[Phillaur Assembly constituency|Phillaur]] (SC)
| [[Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!31
|[[Nakodar Assembly constituency|Nakodar]]
| [[Inderjit Kaur Mann]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!32
|[[Shahkot Assembly constituency|Shahkot]]
|[[Hardev Singh Laddi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!33
| [[Kartarpur Assembly constituency|Kartarpur]] (SC)
| [[Balkar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!34
|[[Jalandhar West Assembly constituency|Jalandhar West]] (SC)
| [[Mohinder Bhagat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!35
|[[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency|Jalandhar Central]]
| [[Raman Arora]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!36
|[[Jalandhar North Assembly constituency|Jalandhar North]]
| [[Avtar Singh Junior]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!37
|[[Jalandhar Cantonment Assembly constituency|Jalandhar Cantonment]]
| [[Pargat Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!38
|[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]] (SC)
|[[Sukhwinder Singh Kotli]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|}
 
==Villages==
{{main|Category:Villages in Jalandhar district}}
&lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;
&lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Abadan, Jalandhar]]
*[[Achan Chak]]
*[[Adagil]]
*[[Addhi Khuyi]]
*[[Ade Kali]]
*[[Adhi, Jalandhar]]
*[[Adraman]]
*[[Aemakazi]]
*[[Aidalpur]]
*[[Ajtani]]
*[[Akalpur]]
*[[Akbarpur Kalan]]
*[[Akbarpur Khurd]]
*[[Akhara, Bhogpur]]
*[[Akuwal]]
*[[Aladinpur]]
*[[Alamgir, Bhogpur]]
*[[Alampur, Jalandhar]]
*[[Alewali]]
*[[Ali Chak]]
*[[Ali Khel, Jalandhar]]
*[[Alipur-1]]
*[[Alipur-2]]
*[[Aliwal, Jalandhar]]
*[[Allowal]]
*[[Ambgarh]]
*[[Ambia Tohva]]
*[[Angi Kiri]]
*[[Anihar]]
*[[Apra, Punjab]]
*[[Arjanwal]]
*[[Ashahoor]]
*[[Ashaur]]
*[[Athola]]
*[[Atta, Jalandhar]]
*[[Atti, Jalandhar]]
*[[Aujla]]
*[[Aujla Dhak]]
*[[Aulakh, Nakodar]]
*[[Awan Chaharmi]]
*[[Awan Khalsa]]
*[[Baloki]]
*[[Chachowal]]
*[[Chananpur]]
*[[Chandpur, Punjab|Chandpur]]&lt;ref name=census30354&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30354-chandpur-punjab.html |title=Village population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Chuhan]]
*[[Chukhiara]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30261-chukhiara-punjab.html|title=Village Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Damudarpur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30261-damudarpur-punjab.html|title=Village Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Dhandaur]]
*[[Dhandauri]]
*[[Dhandwar]]
*[[Dhepur]]
*[[Diwali (village)|Diwali]]
*[[Ghurial]]
*[[Goalpind]]
*[[Hardo Pharala]]
*[[Hazara, Punjab|Hazara]]
*[[Isharwal, Jalandhar|Isharwal]]
*[[Jago Sangha]]&lt;ref name=census32263&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=32263|title=Village Population per Census India|work=censusindia.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Jalbhe]]
*[[Kandola, Punjab|Kandola]]
*[[Kandola Khurd]]
*[[Kapur Pind]]
*[[Kathar, Punjab|Kathar]]
*[[Khojpur, Punjab|Khojpur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30219-khojpur-punjab.html|title=Village Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Kot Kalan]]
*[[Kotli Jamiat Singh]]
*[[Kotli Sheikhan]]
*[[Lesariwala]]
*[[Mander, Punjab|Mander]]
*[[Mianwal Araian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/29806-mianwal-araian-punjab.html | title=Mianwal Araian Village Population - Shahkot - Jalandhar, Punjab }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Nagra, Jalandhar|Nagra]]
*[[Nawan Qila]]
*[[Partappura]]
*[[Sagarpur, Punjab|Sagarpur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sagarpur Village Population - Phillaur - Jalandhar, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30093-sagarpur-punjab.html |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Salaich]]
*[[Sanoura]]
*[[Sarnana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sarnana Population - Jalandhar, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30264-sarnana-punjab.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |access-date=13 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Satowali]]
*[[Chhatowali|Sattowali]]
*[[Sitalpur, Jalandhar|Sitalpur]]
*[[Sundar Tatar]]&lt;ref name=census30232&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30232-sundar-tatar-punjab.html|title=Sundar Tatar Population per Census 2011|work=census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col end}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{bar box|width = 300px
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=721579|13=1911|14=630769|15=1921|16=647086|17=1931|18=742659|19=1941|20=887080|21=1951|22=829858|23=1961|24=981801|25=1971|26=1175196|27=1981|28=1406587|29=1991|30=1649937|31=2001|32=1962761|33=2011|34=2193590|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901}}&lt;/ref&gt;|align=right}}
| barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
 
| title   = Religion in Jalandhar district<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/590-jalandhar.html|title=Jalandhar District Population Census 2011, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density}}</ref>
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Jalandhar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 21,93,590&lt;ref name="districtcensus"&gt;{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Jalandhar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/998/download/3006/DH_2011_0303_PART_A_DCHB_JALANDHAR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal to the nation of [[Latvia]]&lt;ref name="cia"&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Latvia 2,204,708, July 2011 est.}}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state of [[New Mexico]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a ranking of 208th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The district has a population density of {{convert| 831 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.16%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Jalandhar has a [[sex ratio]] of 913 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 91.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 38.95% of the population.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;
 
===Gender===
The table below shows the sex ratio of Jalandhar district through decades.
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sex ratio of Jalandhar district&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-decadal-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=20 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Census year!!Ratio
|-
|2011||915
|-
|2001||887
|-
|1991||897
|-
|1981||890
|-
|1971||883
|-
|1961||867
|-
|1951||857
|-
|1941||859
|-
|1931||841
|-
|1921||807
|-
|1911||783
|-
|1901||848
|}
 
The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Jalandhar district.
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Jalandhar district&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-rural-and-urban-child-population-0-6-years-and-their-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Year!!Urban!!Rural
|-
|2011||865||885
|-
|2001||793||817
|}
 
=== Religion ===
{{bar box
| title    = Religion in Jalandhar district (2011)&lt;ref name="religion" /&gt;
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1    = Religion
| left1    = Religion
| right1  = Percent
| right1  = Percent
| float    = left
| bars    =  
| bars    =  
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|63.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|63.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|#FFFF00|32.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|32.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|1.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Punjab, India|Islam]]|green|1.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|1.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Punjab, India|Christianity]]|blue|1.19}}
{{bar percent|Others|#9955BB|0.74}}}}{{historical populations|11=1901|12=721579|13=1911|14=630769|15=1921|16=647086|17=1931|18=742659|19=1941|20=887080|21=1951|22=829858|23=1961|24=981801|25=1971|26=1175196|27=1981|28=1406587|29=1991|30=1649937|31=2001|32=1962761|33=2011|34=2193590|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901}}</ref>|align=right}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|0.52}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.22}}
|float=right}}
 
Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Hindus and Sikhs are in roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant.&lt;ref name="religion" /&gt;
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Jalandhar District
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]&lt;br/&gt;group
! colspan="2" |2011&lt;ref name="religion"&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 1,394,329
| {{Percentage | 1394329 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 718,363
| {{Percentage | 718363 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 30,233
| {{Percentage | 30233 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 26,016
| {{Percentage | 26016 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 24,649
| {{Percentage | 24649 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
!Total Population
!2,193,590
!{{Percentage | 2193590 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|}
 
The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Jalandhar district.
 
{|class="wikitable sort"
|+Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Jalandhar district&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-population-religion-punjab | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Religion!!Urban (2011)!!Rural (2011)!!Urban (2001)!!Rural (2001)!!Urban (1991)!!Rural (1991)
|-
|Hindu||8,63,936||5,30,393||6,72,889||4,85,979||4,60,102||5,09,318
|-
|Sikh||2,52,274||4,66,089||2,30,709||5,10,132||1,42,700||6,00,666
|-
|Muslim||14,363||12,408 ||9,835||9,092||4,452||4,048
|-
|Christian||17,825||11,653||8,216 ||12,271||1,381||7,231
|-
|Other religions||14,363||11,876 ||9,835||13,243||4,452||720
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Religion in tehsils of Jalandhar district (2011)&lt;ref name="religion" /&gt;
!Tehsil
!Hinduism (%)
!Sikhism (%)
!Islam (%)
!Christianity (%)
!Others (%)
|-
|Shahkot
| align="right" |31.84
| align="right" style="background:darkkhaki" |66.51
| align="right" |0.52
| align="right" |0.84
|0.29
|-
|Nakodar
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |52.71
| align="right" |44.07
| align="right" |1.27
| align="right" |1.10
|0.85
|-
|Phillaur
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |61.86
| align="right" |34.17
| align="right" |1.39
| align="right" |0.43
|2.15
|-
|Jalandhar - I
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |72.66
| align="right" |23.34
| align="right" |1.50
| align="right" |1.36
|1.14
|-
|Jalandhar - II
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |55.91
| align="right" |40.48
| align="right" |1.43
| align="right" |1.74
|0.44
|}
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Jalandhar District ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]&lt;br/&gt;group
! colspan="2" |1881&lt;ref name="Census1881A"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Census1881B"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Census1881C"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan="2" |1891&lt;ref name="Census1891"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |pages=14 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan="2" |1901&lt;ref name="Census1901"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan="2" |1911&lt;ref name="Census1911"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Census1911B"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan="2" |1921&lt;ref name="Census1921"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan="2" |1931&lt;ref name="Census1931"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan="2" |1941&lt;ref name="Census1941"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |pages=42 |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 358,601
| {{Percentage | 358601 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 413,469
| {{Percentage | 413469 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 421,011
| {{Percentage | 421011 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 357,051
| {{Percentage | 357051 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 366,586
| {{Percentage | 366586 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 419,556
| {{Percentage | 419556 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 509,804
| {{Percentage | 509804 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 338,292
| {{Percentage | 338292 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 380,916
| {{Percentage | 380916 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 368,051
| {{Percentage | 368051 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 265,378
| {{Percentage | 265378 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 244,995
| {{Percentage | 244995 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 268,822
| {{Percentage | 268822 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 311,010
| {{Percentage | 311010 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 90,320
| {{Percentage | 90320 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 110,790
| {{Percentage | 110790 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 125,817
| {{Percentage | 125817 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 176,227
| {{Percentage | 176227 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 206,130
| {{Percentage | 206130 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 249,571
| {{Percentage | 249571 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 298,741
| {{Percentage | 298741 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 1,631
| {{Percentage | 1631 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 1,645
| {{Percentage | 1645 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 1,713
| {{Percentage | 1713 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 2,404
| {{Percentage | 2404 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 4,088
| {{Percentage | 4088 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 4,323
| {{Percentage | 4323 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 6,233
| {{Percentage | 6233 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 690
| {{Percentage | 690 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 760
| {{Percentage | 760 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 969
| {{Percentage | 969 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 842
| {{Percentage | 842 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 736
| {{Percentage | 736 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 1,379
| {{Percentage | 1379 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 789,555
! {{Percentage | 789555 | 789555 | 2 }}
! 907,583
! {{Percentage | 907583 | 907583 | 2 }}
! 917,587
! {{Percentage | 917587 | 917587 | 2 }}
! 801,920
! {{Percentage | 801920 | 801920 | 2 }}
! 822,544
! {{Percentage | 822544 | 822544 | 2 }}
! 943,721
! {{Percentage | 943721 | 943721 | 2 }}
! 1,127,190
! {{Percentage | 1127190 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Jalandhar District (1921)&lt;ref name="Census1921"/&gt;
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersC|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Jalandhar Tehsil
| 77,101
| {{Percentage | 77101 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 142,435
| {{Percentage | 142435 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 66,119
| {{Percentage | 66119 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 3,255
| {{Percentage | 3255 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 477
| {{Percentage | 477 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 289396 | 2 }}
! 289,396
! {{Percentage | 289396 | 289396 | 2 }}
|-
! Nawanshahr Tehsil
| 72,500
| {{Percentage | 72500 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 56,258
| {{Percentage | 56258 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 48,620
| {{Percentage | 48620 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 112
| {{Percentage | 112 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 202
| {{Percentage | 202 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 177692 | 2 }}
! 177,692
! {{Percentage | 177692 | 177692 | 2 }}
|-
! Phillaur Tehsil
| 58,401
| {{Percentage | 58401 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 55,408
| {{Percentage | 55408 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 50,787
| {{Percentage | 50787 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 201
| {{Percentage | 201 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 164806 | 2 }}
! 164,806
! {{Percentage | 164806 | 164806 | 2 }}
|-
! Nakodar Tehsil
| 36,993
| {{Percentage | 36993 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 112,485
| {{Percentage | 112485 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 40,604
| {{Percentage | 40604 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 520
| {{Percentage | 520 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 48
| {{Percentage | 48 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 190650 | 2 }}
! 190,650
! {{Percentage | 190650 | 190650 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Jalandhar District (1941)&lt;ref name="Census1941"/&gt;
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Jalandhar Tehsil
| 123,718
| {{Percentage | 123718 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 226,623
| {{Percentage | 226623 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 86,996
| {{Percentage | 86996 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 4,656
| {{Percentage | 4656 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 768
| {{Percentage | 768 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 249
| {{Percentage | 249 | 443010 | 2 }}
! 443,010
! {{Percentage | 443010 | 443010 | 2 }}
|-
! Nawanshahr Tehsil
| 81,019
| {{Percentage | 81019 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 74,449
| {{Percentage | 74449 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 79,972
| {{Percentage | 79972 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 92
| {{Percentage | 92 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 496
| {{Percentage | 496 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 236028 | 2 }}
! 236,028
! {{Percentage | 236028 | 236028 | 2 }}
|-
! Phillaur Tehsil
| 66,507
| {{Percentage | 66507 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 72,814
| {{Percentage | 72814 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 79,736
| {{Percentage | 79736 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 294
| {{Percentage | 294 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 219369 | 2 }}
! 219,369
! {{Percentage | 219369 | 219369 | 2 }}
|-
! Nakodar Tehsil
| 39,766
| {{Percentage | 39766 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 135,918
| {{Percentage | 135918 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 52,037
| {{Percentage | 52037 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 929
| {{Percentage | 929 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 124
| {{Percentage | 124 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 228783 | 2 }}
! 228,783
! {{Percentage | 228783 | 228783 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Note2: [[Tehsil]] religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
|}
 
 
=== Language ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption=Languages of Jalandhar district (2011)&lt;ref name="languages"/&gt;
|label1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value1 = 88.15 |color1 = pink
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 9.83 |color2 = Orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 2.02 |color3 = Grey
}}
 
At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and 9.83% [[Hindi]] as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas.&lt;ref name="languages"&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10219/download/13331/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0300.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
{{clear}}
 
==Health==
The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Jalandhar, as of year 2020.
 
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+ District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Jalandhar, year 2020
&lt;ref name="niti.gov.in"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Jalandhar-Punjab.pdf|title=District Nutrition Profile - Jalandhar, Punjab|date=March 2022|publisher=Poshan|website=www.niti.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611214248/https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Jalandhar-Punjab.pdf|archive-date=11 June 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Indicators!!Number of children (&lt;5 years)!! Percent (2020)!! Percent (2016)
|-
|Stunted||38,536||25%||29%
|-
|Wasted||15,967||10%||17%
|-
|Severely wasted||6,834||4%||6%
|-
|Underweight||25,877||17%||25%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||2,827||2%||1%
|-
|Anemia||96,595||69%||60%
|-
|Total children||155,323||||
|}


According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Jalandhar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,193,590,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Latvia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Latvia 2,204,708, July 2011 est.
The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Jalandhar of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=2011-09-30 |quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 209th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 831 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was  11.16%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Jalandhar has a [[sex ratio]] of  913 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 82.4%.<ref name=districtcensus/>


==Management Colleges==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
*Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus, Jalandhar (Punjab)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apeejay.edu/aimtc|title=Top MBA ,MCA Colleges in North India, Punjab, Jalandhar - Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus}}</ref>
|+District nutritional profile of Jalandhar of women of 15–49 years, in 2020&lt;ref name="niti.gov.in"/&gt;
!Indicators!!Number of women (15–49 years)!! Percent (2020)!!Percent (2016)
|-
|Underweight (BMI &lt;18.5&amp;nbsp;kg/m^2)||85,534||12%||7%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||347,827||48%||27%
|-
|Hypertension||234,262||33%||12%
|-
|Diabetes||128,120||18%||NA
|-
|Anemia (non-preg)||412,752||57%||54%
|-
|Anemia (preg)||NA||NA||49%
|-
|Total women (preg)||35,199||||
|-
|Total women||720,586||||
|}


==See also==
The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year.
*[[Ambia Tohva]]
 
*[[Chandpur, Punjab]]
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
*[[Khaira Majha]]
|+Road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/road-accidents-punjab | title = Road Accidents in Punjab | website = punjab.data.gov.in | date = 21 January 2022 | access-date = 1 October 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Shekhe Pind]]
!Year!!Accidents!!Killed!!Injured!!Vehicles Involved
*[[Mand Pind]]
|-
|2022||273||197||127||456
|-
|2021||354||306||127||415
|-
|2020||317||223||155||381
|-
|2019||380||322||163||463
|}
 
==Economy==
Jalandhar has a major [[sports items]] manufacturing industry. It produces around 90% of all sports items produced in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/jalandhar/business/industries.html|title=Jalandhar Industries}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
==Notable people==
*[[Hoon Balakram]], a [[mathematician]], civil servant and Bombay High Court judge
*[[Prakash Chandra Sood]], a [[nuclear physicist]] and professor and receiver of [[Padam Shri]]
*[[Harminder Dua]], an [[Indian-British]] medical doctor and prominent researcher in the field of [[ophthalmology]], known for discovery of a previously unknown layer of the human cornea now called [[Dua's layer]]
*[[Guru Prakash Dutta]], a [[cell biologist]] and [[immunologist]], known for his contributions to [[experimental protozoology]] and immunology
*[[Satya Paul Agarwal]], an [[neurosurgeon]], academician, public health administrator, secretary general of the [[Indian Red Cross Society]] and recipient of [[Padam Bhushan]] award
*[[Satinder Singh]], a 400-meter [[hurdling|hurdle]] athlete
*[[Fauja Singh]], a British [[marathon]] runner
*[[Davinder Singh Kang]], a [[javelin throw]] athlete
*[[Diljit Dosanjh]], a singer and actor
*[[Achal Kumar Jyoti]], a retired [[IAS officer]] who served as 21st [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] from 6 July 2017 to 23 January 2018
*[[Dilbagh Singh]], the head of the Indian Air Force from 1981 to 1984, as [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]
*[[Malkiat Singh (IPS)]] - Former DGP and Chairman UPPSC
*[[Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota]] - Former DGP Punjab Police
*[[Sukhjeet Singh]] - Indian [[field hockey]] player
*[[Harbhajan Singh]] - Indian [[Cricket]] Player


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}} 10. https://jalandhar.nic.in/list-of-deputy-commissioner/
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}
*[https://jalandhar.nic.in/list-of-deputy-commissioner/ List of Deputy Commissioner | Jalandhar Web Portal | India]


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 155: Line 912:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalandhar District}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalandhar District}}
[[Category:Jalandhar district| ]]
[[Category:Jalandhar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Punjab, India]]

Revision as of 16:29, 5 March 2026


Jalandhar district
District of Punjab
Serai Nurmahal
Serai Nurmahal
Location in Punjab
Location in Punjab
Country India
State Punjab
RegionDoaba
Named forArea inside the water
HeadquartersJalandhar
Government
 • Administrator of DistrictSh. Himanshu Aggarwal, IAS
Area
 • Total2,632 km2 (1,016 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[‡]
 • Total2,193,590
 • Density830/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Literacy91.4%
Websitejalandhar.nic.in

Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.<ref>"Jalandhar Division". Jalandhar District Portal. Retrieved 26 July 2017.</ref>

History

Classical

Parmar Rajputs established ancient city of Jalandhar in the 7th century, which is presently known as Jalandhar district. The City consistently had to deter invasion, which were endeavours of invaders.

Jalandhar was the site of the Katoch Rajput kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence is observed by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang in the seventh century, and Kalhana records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>

Medieval

Jalandhar became part of the Persianate Ghaznavid Empire during the reign of Ibrahim Shah sometime between 1058 and 1098, and by 1240, it was a fief of the Delhi Sultanate.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1298, an army led by Ulugh Khan and Zafar Khan defeated in battle, and forced the retreat of invading Mongols of the Chagatai Khanate.<ref name="auto1"/>

The sack and plunder of Delhi by Timur in 1398 gravely weakened the Delhi Sultanate and ushered in a period of lawlessness in the country. In 1416, the governor of Jalandhar, Malik Tughan assassinated the governor of Sirhind, and later rebelled against Khizr Khan, before being defeated.<ref name="auto1"/> In the following years Jasrath Khokhar led a series of raids across Jalandhar as he challenged the authority of the Sultan.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1441, Jalandhar came under the authority of Bahlol Lodi who was appointed governor of Lahore province. Lodi made peace with Jasrath, rebelled and in 1450 became sovereign of Delhi.<ref name="auto1"/>

Early modern

Mughal

When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to Daulat Khan Lodi at whose instigation he had come.<ref name="auto1"/> The following year Lodi revolted and was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur's son Humayun was expelled by Sher Shah Suri and Jalandhar became part of the Sur Empire. On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general Bairam Khan and later Akbar. While Akbar had moved east to fight Hemu, Sikandar Suri defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district.<ref name="auto1"/> On Akbar's return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony was re-established.

With the regaining of Humayun, Muslim tribes such as Baloch, Syed and Arain who were settled in Sindh and Balochistan migrated to the Jalandhar Doaba region.

During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of Kartarpur was founded by Guru Arjan on land granted by Akbar.<ref>Harish Dhillon, Janamsakhis, Ageless Stories, Timeless Values, Hay House, 2015</ref> The reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan saw significant improvements to the region's infrastructure, and many villages were founded.<ref name="auto1"/> The town of Phillaur dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, while the town of Nurmahal was re-established by Jahangir's consort Nur Jahan, who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of Muhammad Shah, evidenced by the significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor.<ref name="auto1"/>

Durrani

Nader Shah's invasion of India, culminating in the sack of Delhi in 1739, effectively ended Mughal imperial power. During his fourth invasion, Nurmahal was plundered and its inhabitants slaughtered.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1756, Adina Beg, Arain settled in Jalandhar, assisted militarily by Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, defeated Sarbuland Khan, the Afghan general and captured Jalandhar. In 1758, the Mahrattas, at the instigation of Adina Beg, invaded the Punjab, defeating the Afghans, and installing Adina Beg as governor of the entire province.<ref name="auto1"/> Adina Beg died in 1759, and in 1761 the Afghans returned, taking control of the Punjab, and driving out the Mahrattas.<ref name="auto1"/>

Sikh

The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many sardars dating the acquisition of their estates from 1759.<ref name="auto1"/> The Dallewalia Misl, one of twelve Sikh Misls that came to dominate the Punjab during this period originated in the southern extremities of the district. In 1766 the Faizullapuria Misl of Khushal Singh captured the town of Jalandhar and thereafter entrenched their power in the district.<ref name="auto2">Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85</ref>

In 1811, Ranjit Singh despatched Dewan Mokham Chand to annexe Faizullapuria dominions in Jalandhar. By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under the control of Lahore and part of the Sikh Empire.<ref name="auto2"/> The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors.<ref name="auto2"/>

Modern

British

During both the First Anglo-Sikh War and Second Anglo-Sikh War no significant battle took place in Jalandhar.<ref name="auto1"/> Following the British victory in 1846, Jalandhar was ceded to the East India Company becoming part of the Trans Sutlej States.<ref>Banerjee, Abhijit; Iyer, Lakshmi (January 2003). "Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British". History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) (PDF). Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development. p. 39.</ref>

When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi.<ref name="auto1"/> Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the 8th Foot who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by Randhir Singh of Kapurthala, John Nicholson's moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan.<ref>Cannon, Cannon & Cunningham (1883), pp. 103</ref>

In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the British Raj and in 1863 became administratively part of Punjab province.<ref name="auto1"/>

The first case of the plague in the Punjab was reported in the village of Khatkar Kalan in 1897.<ref>James, C. H., Report on the outbreak of plague in the Jullundur and Hoshiarpur districts of the Punjab, 1897-98, 1898</ref>

Partition

In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab.<ref name="auto3">J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998</ref> In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by Congress and Sikh leaders at Lahore.<ref name="auto3"/> In June 1947, the Indian Independence Act 1947 stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the Radcliffe Line was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India.<ref name="CheemaRiemer1990">Pervaiz I Cheema; Manuel Riemer (22 August 1990). Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-349-20942-2. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</ref> As Jalandhar had a Muslim plurality at the time (45.23 per cent per the 1941 census)<ref name="Census1941"/> it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan.<ref name="CheemaRiemer1990" />

Administration

The district is divided into five tehsils:

In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils:<ref>"Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab". commissionerjalandhar.gov.in. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.</ref>

Constituencies

Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 13 Lok Sabha constituencies in Punjab.

There are also nine Punjab Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the district:<ref>"Constituencies &#124; Jalandhar Web Portal &#124; India".</ref>

MLA

No. Constituency Name of MLA Party Bench
30 Phillaur (SC) Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary Indian National Congress Opposition
31 Nakodar Inderjit Kaur Mann Aam Aadmi Party Government
32 Shahkot Hardev Singh Laddi Indian National Congress Opposition
33 Kartarpur (SC) Balkar Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
34 Jalandhar West (SC) Mohinder Bhagat Aam Aadmi Party Government
35 Jalandhar Central Raman Arora Aam Aadmi Party Government
36 Jalandhar North Avtar Singh Junior Indian National Congress Opposition
37 Jalandhar Cantonment Pargat Singh Indian National Congress Opposition
38 Adampur (SC) Sukhwinder Singh Kotli Indian National Congress Opposition

Villages

Main page: Category:Villages in Jalandhar district

<!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901721,579—    
1911630,769−1.34%
1921647,086+0.26%
1931742,659+1.39%
1941887,080+1.79%
1951829,858−0.66%
1961981,801+1.70%
19711,175,196+1.81%
19811,406,587+1.81%
19911,649,937+1.61%
20011,962,761+1.75%
20112,193,590+1.12%
source:<ref>"Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901".</ref>

According to the 2011 census Jalandhar district has a population of 21,93,590<ref name="districtcensus">"District Census Hand Book – Jalandhar" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.</ref> roughly equal to the nation of Latvia<ref name="cia">US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Latvia 2,204,708, July 2011 est.</ref> or the US state of New Mexico.<ref>"2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. New Mexico - 2,059,179</ref> This gives it a ranking of 208th in India (out of a total of 640).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of 831 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,150/sq mi) .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.16%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Jalandhar has a sex ratio of 913 females for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a literacy rate of 91.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 38.95% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

Gender

The table below shows the sex ratio of Jalandhar district through decades.

Sex ratio of Jalandhar district<ref>"District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</ref>
Census year Ratio
2011 915
2001 887
1991 897
1981 890
1971 883
1961 867
1951 857
1941 859
1931 841
1921 807
1911 783
1901 848

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Jalandhar district.

Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Jalandhar district<ref>"District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2023.</ref>
Year Urban Rural
2011 865 885
2001 793 817

Religion

Religion in Jalandhar district (2011)<ref name="religion" />
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 63.56%
Sikhism
 
 32.75%
Islam
 
 1.38%
Christianity
 
 1.19%
Buddhism
 
 0.52%
Other or not stated
 
 0.22%

Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Hindus and Sikhs are in roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant.<ref name="religion" />

Religion in Jalandhar District
Religious<br/>group 2011<ref name="religion">"Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.</ref>
Pop. %
Hinduism 1,394,329 63.56%
Sikhism 718,363 32.75%
Islam 30,233 1.38%
Christianity 26,016 1.19%
Others 24,649 1.12%
Total Population 2,193,590 100%

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Jalandhar district.

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Jalandhar district<ref>"Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.</ref>
Religion Urban (2011) Rural (2011) Urban (2001) Rural (2001) Urban (1991) Rural (1991)
Hindu 8,63,936 5,30,393 6,72,889 4,85,979 4,60,102 5,09,318
Sikh 2,52,274 4,66,089 2,30,709 5,10,132 1,42,700 6,00,666
Muslim 14,363 12,408 9,835 9,092 4,452 4,048
Christian 17,825 11,653 8,216 12,271 1,381 7,231
Other religions 14,363 11,876 9,835 13,243 4,452 720
Religion in tehsils of Jalandhar district (2011)<ref name="religion" />
Tehsil Hinduism (%) Sikhism (%) Islam (%) Christianity (%) Others (%)
Shahkot 31.84 66.51 0.52 0.84 0.29
Nakodar 52.71 44.07 1.27 1.10 0.85
Phillaur 61.86 34.17 1.39 0.43 2.15
Jalandhar - I 72.66 23.34 1.50 1.36 1.14
Jalandhar - II 55.91 40.48 1.43 1.74 0.44
Religious groups in Jalandhar District (British Punjab province era)
Religious<br/>group 1881<ref name="Census1881A">"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 26 December 2024.</ref><ref name="Census1881B">"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 26 December 2024.</ref><ref name="Census1881C">"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658. Retrieved 26 December 2024.</ref> 1891<ref name="Census1891">Edward Maclagan, Sir (1891). "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25318669. Retrieved 26 December 2024.</ref> 1901<ref name="Census1901">"Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref> 1911<ref name="Census1911">"Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref><ref name="Census1911B">Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref> 1921<ref name="Census1921">"Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref> 1931<ref name="Census1931">"Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref> 1941<ref name="Census1941">India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref>
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 358,601 45.42% 413,469 45.56% 421,011 45.88% 357,051 44.52% 366,586 44.57% 419,556 44.46% 509,804 45.23%
Hinduism [lower-alpha 1] 338,292 42.85% 380,916 41.97% 368,051 40.11% 265,378 33.09% 244,995 29.79% 268,822 28.49% 311,010 27.59%
Sikhism 90,320 11.44% 110,790 12.21% 125,817 13.71% 176,227 21.98% 206,130 25.06% 249,571 26.45% 298,741 26.5%
Christianity 1,631 0.21% 1,645 0.18% 1,713 0.19% 2,404 0.3% 4,088 0.5% 4,323 0.46% 6,233 0.55%
Jainism 690 0.09% 760 0.08% 969 0.11% 842 0.1% 736 0.09% 1,379 0.15% 1,395 0.12%
Zoroastrianism 2 0% 3 0% 24 0% 18 0% 9 0% 70 0.01% 7 0%
Buddhism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Judaism N/A N/A 0 0% 2 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 19 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total population 789,555 100% 907,583 100% 917,587 100% 801,920 100% 822,544 100% 943,721 100% 1,127,190 100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Jalandhar District (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>
Tehsil Hinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[lower-alpha 2] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Jalandhar Tehsil 77,101 26.64% 142,435 49.22% 66,119 22.85% 3,255 1.12% 477 0.16% 9 0% 289,396 100%
Nawanshahr Tehsil 72,500 40.8% 56,258 31.66% 48,620 27.36% 112 0.06% 202 0.11% 0 0% 177,692 100%
Phillaur Tehsil 58,401 35.44% 55,408 33.62% 50,787 30.82% 201 0.12% 9 0.01% 0 0% 164,806 100%
Nakodar Tehsil 36,993 19.4% 112,485 59% 40,604 21.3% 520 0.27% 48 0.03% 0 0% 190,650 100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Jalandhar District (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>
Tehsil Hinduism [lower-alpha 1] Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[lower-alpha 3] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Jalandhar Tehsil 123,718 27.93% 226,623 51.16% 86,996 19.64% 4,656 1.05% 768 0.17% 249 0.06% 443,010 100%
Nawanshahr Tehsil 81,019 34.33% 74,449 31.54% 79,972 33.88% 92 0.04% 496 0.21% 0 0% 236,028 100%
Phillaur Tehsil 66,507 30.32% 72,814 33.19% 79,736 36.35% 294 0.13% 7 0% 11 0.01% 219,369 100%
Nakodar Tehsil 39,766 17.38% 135,918 59.41% 52,037 22.75% 929 0.41% 124 0.05% 9 0% 228,783 100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.<br/><br/>Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.


Language

Languages of Jalandhar district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>

  Punjabi (88.15%)
  Hindi (9.83%)
  Others (2.02%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke Punjabi and 9.83% Hindi as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas.<ref name="languages">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.</ref>

Health

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Jalandhar, as of year 2020.

District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Jalandhar, year 2020 <ref name="niti.gov.in">"District Nutrition Profile - Jalandhar, Punjab" (PDF). www.niti.gov.in. Poshan. March 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2024.</ref>
Indicators Number of children (<5 years) Percent (2020) Percent (2016)
Stunted 38,536 25% 29%
Wasted 15,967 10% 17%
Severely wasted 6,834 4% 6%
Underweight 25,877 17% 25%
Overweight/obesity 2,827 2% 1%
Anemia 96,595 69% 60%
Total children 155,323

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Jalandhar of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.

District nutritional profile of Jalandhar of women of 15–49 years, in 2020<ref name="niti.gov.in"/>
Indicators Number of women (15–49 years) Percent (2020) Percent (2016)
Underweight (BMI <18.5&nbsp;kg/m^2) 85,534 12% 7%
Overweight/obesity 347,827 48% 27%
Hypertension 234,262 33% 12%
Diabetes 128,120 18% NA
Anemia (non-preg) 412,752 57% 54%
Anemia (preg) NA NA 49%
Total women (preg) 35,199
Total women 720,586

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year.

Road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year<ref>"Road Accidents in Punjab". punjab.data.gov.in. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</ref>
Year Accidents Killed Injured Vehicles Involved
2022 273 197 127 456
2021 354 306 127 415
2020 317 223 155 381
2019 380 322 163 463

Economy

Jalandhar has a major sports items manufacturing industry. It produces around 90% of all sports items produced in Punjab.<ref>"Jalandhar Industries".</ref>

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ↑ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ↑ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

External links

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