Ravish Malhotra: Difference between revisions

Air Commodore

Ravish Malhotra
Air Commodore; Ravish Malhotra
Born	25 December 1943 (age 82); Lahore, Punjab, British India
Status	Retired
Nationality	Indian
Occupation	Test Pilot
Awards	Kirti Chakra ; Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples
	Space career
Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut
Selection	1982
Missions	Soyuz T-11
Military career
Allegiance	India
Service/branch	Indian Air Force
Years of service	1963 to 1994
Rank	Air Commodore
Service number	7673 F(P)
Spouse(s)	Mira Malhotra
Children	2

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Ravish Malhotra (born 25 December 1943 in Lahore, British India) is a retired Air Commodore of the Indian Air Force. He was an Air Force test pilot stationed at the test centre in Bangalore. He was also the Air Officer Commanding of Hindon Air Force Station near Delhi.

In 1982, he was chosen to train for spaceflight in the Soviet Union's Intercosmos program. Malhotra served as backup for Rakesh Sharma on the Soyuz T-11 mission which launched the first Indian into space, but never went to space himself. Malhotra was awarded the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples^[1] in 1984 and the Kirti Chakra in 1985.^[2]

Early life

Malhotra was born on 25 December 1943 in Lahore, in former British India to a family with three other siblings.^[3] His mother was Raj Malhotra and his father was SC Malhotra.^[2] His family moved from Lahore to Delhi after India's independence from Britain and the subsequent partition in 1947.^[3] The family first stayed at Malhotra's father's brother's house in Delhi before settling in Calcutta. Malhotra studied at St Thomas School in Calcutta. After graduation, he was admitted to the National Defence Academy (NDA). Speaking of his career choices, he would later say that he had wanted to join the Indian Navy but was instead drafted into the Indian Air Force (IAF). During the selections, he was told that his eyesight was not good enough for the navy and was selected for the Air Force, where there was a shortage of cadets at the time.^[3]^[4]

Career

Early career

After graduating from the NDA, Malhotra was commissioned as an officer in 1963 to the Vampire Squadron of the Indian Air Force flying the De Havilland Vampire. During this period he was posted to the IAF base in Barrackpore near Calcutta. He progressively graduated to flying other aircraft including the F-111 Bomber, Dassault Mystère, HAL HF-24 Marut, and later the Soviet Sukhoi Su-22.^[3]

Malhotra was part of the IAF fighter squadron that was tasked with air raids over Pakistan in 1971, after that country had launched strikes on India prior to the Bangladesh (East Pakistan) liberation war. He flew the Sukhoi Su-22 making over 17 sorties into Pakistan air space, where some of his colleagues were captured and taken prisoners of war.^[3] In one attack in the Chamb-Jaurian sector in the then Western Pakistan, his plane was at the receiving end of heavy anti-aircraft gunfire, but he nevertheless returned to the air-base in India.^[4]^[5] The war ended with the successful liberation of Bangladesh.^[3]^[4]

Indo-Soviet Space Program

After the war of 1971, Malhotra was selected for the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at the Edwards Air Force Base in California and later to the Indo-Soviet Space Program, a joint program between India and the former USSR. During this time, he would undertake tests at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine, in Bangalore and later in Moscow. The final tests would result in Malhotra, Rakesh Sharma, and two other cadets being selected to train for spaceflight in the Soviet Union's Intercosmos program in 1982.^[3]

Soyuz T-11 crew (1984). Malhotra is in the middle of the top row.

Malhotra trained at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City for over two years.^[3] The training and medium of instruction was in Russian since much of the instrumentation and other equipment markings were in Russian. In addition to physical conditioning in preparation for space flight, the cadets also worked on the simulators including sorties on the Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft which simulated near zero gravity and microgravity conditions for ~50 seconds at a time. Training also included sea recovery and survival since the Soyuz spacecraft capsule recovery was over the sea. During this time, his contact was limited to the cadets in the program, the Russian handlers, and officers from the Indian Embassy in Moscow, whom he met over the weekends.^[3] At the end of the training program, Malhotra and Sharma were shortlisted as the two members of the Indian team on the Soyuz T-11 mission to launch the first Indian into space in 1984. The two trained on multiple mission objectives including studying the effects of yoga in space as well as other biomedicine and remote sensing experiments.^[4]^[6]^[5] Malhotra remained Sharma's backup for this mission, while Sharma went on to be the first Indian in space.^[3] The decision to have Sharma go to space and Malhotra remain on the ground was taken by the Ministry of Defence in India halfway through the training program.^[4] Speaking later about the decision, Malhotra said, "I was disappointed, but you accept it, and move on with the mission". He remained on good terms with Sharma after the mission.^[3]

After returning from the Soviet Union, Malhotra was awarded the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1984 and Kirti Chakra in 1985.^[1]^[2]

Later career

Malhotra returned to his combat role in the Air Force upon his return to India and was posted as the commanding officer of the Hindan Air Force Station near the Indian capital of Delhi. He took an early retirement from the Air Force in 1995.^[3]

After his retirement from the Indian Air Force, Malhotra entered the private sector, setting up an aerospace manufacturing firm Dynamatic Aerospace. The NSE-listed company manufactures precision parts with clients including Boeing, Airbus, and Bell helicopters. He retired from the company at the age of 75.^[3]

Personal life

Malhotra is married to Mira Malhotra, a psychologist.^[7]^[8] The couple have two children.^[7] As of 2021 he continues to live in Bangalore in Southern India.^[3]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Soviets, Indian end nine-day space trip". news.google.com. Eugene Register-Guard. 12 April 1984. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 "Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India". gallantryawards.gov.in. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
↑ ^3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 Abraham, Rohan. "'Rakesh Sharma or Ravish Malhotra? Only one of us would go up into space'". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Dev, Arun (31 August 2018). "Meet Ravish Malhotra, Who Almost Became the 1st Indian in Space". TheQuint. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Burgess, Colin (19 November 2015). Interkosmos : the Eastern Bloc's early space program. ISBN 978-3-319-24163-0. OCLC 932169214. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
↑ Krishnaswamy, Murali N. (9 June 2014). "Reminiscences of a space odyssey". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Burgess, Colin; Vis, Bert (19 November 2015). Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-24163-0. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
↑ Rau, V. N. Sadasiva; Sreedharan, S. Essays For College Level & Competitive Exam. Sura Books. ISBN 978-81-7254-090-6. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.

External links

[:2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Soviets, Indian end nine-day space trip". news.google.com. Eugene Register-Guard. 12 April 1984. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

[:5-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 "Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India". gallantryawards.gov.in. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[:0-3] 3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 Abraham, Rohan. "'Rakesh Sharma or Ravish Malhotra? Only one of us would go up into space'". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

[:4-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Dev, Arun (31 August 2018). "Meet Ravish Malhotra, Who Almost Became the 1st Indian in Space". TheQuint. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

[:6-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Burgess, Colin (19 November 2015). Interkosmos : the Eastern Bloc's early space program. ISBN 978-3-319-24163-0. OCLC 932169214. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.

[6] Krishnaswamy, Murali N. (9 June 2014). "Reminiscences of a space odyssey". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[:1-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Burgess, Colin; Vis, Bert (19 November 2015). Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-24163-0. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.

[8] Rau, V. N. Sadasiva; Sreedharan, S. Essays For College Level & Competitive Exam. Sura Books. ISBN 978-81-7254-090-6. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Recipient of the Kirti Chakra award}}
+{{good article}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
+{{Short description|Indian Air Force pilot}}
-{{BLP sources |date=June 2013}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}{{Infobox astronaut
-{{Infobox astronaut
 |name          =Ravish Malhotra
 |image         = Wing_Commander_Ravish_Malhotra.jpg
@@ Line 8: / Line 7: @@
 |type          = [[Intercosmos]] Research Cosmonaut
 |nationality   =Indian
-|status        =active
+|status        =Retired
 |birth_date    ={{Birth date and age|1943|12|25|df=yes}}
 |birth_place   =[[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British India]]
 |occupation    =[[Test pilot|Test Pilot]]
-|rank          =[[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]]
+|rank          =
 |selection     =[[List of astronauts by selection#1982|1982]]
-|missions       =None
+|missions       =[[Soyuz T-11]]
-|retirement    = {{end date|1994|11|04}}
+|retirement    =
-}}
+|honorific_prefix=[[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]]|module={{Infobox military person| embed = yes
+| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
+| branch = {{air force|India}}
+| rank = [[File:Indian IAF OF-6.svg|32px]] [[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]]
+| serviceyears = 1963 to 1994
+| servicenumber = 7673 F(P)
+| spouse=Mira Malhotra
+| children=2
+}}|awards=[[File:Kirti Chakra ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Kirti Chakra]] <br />[[File:Order_friendship_of_peoples_rib.png|32px]] [[Order of Friendship of Peoples|Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples]]}}
 '''Ravish Malhotra''' (born 25 December 1943 in [[Lahore]], [[British India]]) is a retired [[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]] of the [[Indian Air Force]]. He was an Air Force [[test pilot]] stationed at the test centre in [[Bangalore]]. He was also the Air Officer Commanding of [[Hindon Air Force Station]] near Delhi.
-In 1982, he was chosen to train for spaceflight in the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Intercosmos]] program. Malhotra served as backup for [[Rakesh Sharma]] on the [[Soyuz T-11]] mission which launched the first Indian into space, but never went to space himself. Malhotra was awarded the [[Kirti Chakra]]<ref>[http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/malhotra_ravish.htm Biography of Ravish Malhotra]</ref> and Soviet [[order of Friendship of Peoples]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soviets, Indian end nine-day space trip|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19840412&id=EOZVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5663,2688543|last=|first=|date=12 April 1984|website=news.google.com|publisher=Eugene Register-Guard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> in 1984.
+In 1982, he was chosen to train for spaceflight in the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Intercosmos]] program. Malhotra served as backup for [[Rakesh Sharma]] on the [[Soyuz T-11]] mission which launched the first Indian into space, but never went to space himself. Malhotra was awarded the Soviet [[Order of Friendship of Peoples]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Soviets, Indian end nine-day space trip|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19840412&id=EOZVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5663,2688543|last=|first=|date=12 April 1984|website=news.google.com|publisher=Eugene Register-Guard|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222308/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19840412&id=EOZVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5663,2688543|archive-date=28 August 2022|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> in 1984 and the [[Kirti Chakra]] in 1985.<ref name=":5" />
-'''Ravish Malhotra ''' qualified as a test pilot and the highly experienced Wing Commander Malhotra was chosen to undergo training in Russia for the Indo-Soviet Space mission planned in 1984. He successfully completed the extremely demanding training schedule with credit and distinction.
+== Early life ==
+Malhotra was born on 25 December 1943 in [[Lahore]], in former [[British India]] to a family with three other siblings.<ref name=":0" /> His mother was Raj Malhotra and his father was SC Malhotra.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Gallantry Awards {{!}} Ministry of Defence, Government of India |url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/20 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=gallantryawards.gov.in |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222054/https://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/20 |url-status=live }}</ref> His family moved from Lahore to Delhi after India's [[India independence|independence from Britain]] and the subsequent [[Partition of India|partition]] in 1947.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Abraham|first=Rohan|title='Rakesh Sharma or Ravish Malhotra? Only one of us would go up into space'|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ravish-malhotra-learnt-russian-in-3-months-for-indo-soviet-space-mission/articleshow/70339620.cms|access-date=2021-12-30|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054339/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ravish-malhotra-learnt-russian-in-3-months-for-indo-soviet-space-mission/articleshow/70339620.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The family first stayed at Malhotra's father's brother's house in Delhi before settling in [[Calcutta]]. Malhotra studied at [[St Thomas School, Kolkata|St Thomas School]] in Calcutta. After graduation, he was admitted to the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] (NDA). Speaking of his career choices, he would later say that he had wanted to join the [[Indian Navy]] but was instead drafted into the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF). During the selections, he was told that his eyesight was not good enough for the navy and was selected for the Air Force, where there was a shortage of cadets at the time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
-'''Service No'''   7678
+== Career ==
-'''Branch :'''   F(P)
+=== Early career ===
+After graduating from the NDA, Malhotra was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned as an officer]] in 1963 to the ''Vampire Squadron'' of the Indian Air Force flying the [[De Havilland Vampire]]. During this period he was posted to the IAF base in [[Barrackpore]] near Calcutta. He progressively graduated to flying other aircraft including the [[F-111B|F-111 Bomber]], [[Dassault Mystère]], [[HAL HF-24 Marut]], and later the Soviet [[Sukhoi Su-22]].<ref name=":0" />
-'''Rank :'''     Wing Commander
+Malhotra was part of the IAF fighter squadron that was tasked with air raids over Pakistan in 1971, after that country had launched strikes on India prior to the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh (East Pakistan) liberation war]]. He flew the Sukhoi Su-22 making over 17 sorties into Pakistan air space, where some of his colleagues were captured and taken [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]].<ref name=":0" /> In one attack in the [[Chamb-Jaurian]] sector in the then Western Pakistan, his plane was at the receiving end of heavy anti-aircraft gunfire, but he nevertheless returned to the air-base in India.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> The war ended with the successful liberation of Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Dev|first=Arun|date=2018-08-31|title=Meet Ravish Malhotra, Who Almost Became the 1st Indian in Space|url=https://www.thequint.com/videos/news-videos/rakesh-sharmas-back-up-for-indian-space-mission-was-ravish-malhotra|access-date=2021-12-30|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230071119/https://www.thequint.com/videos/news-videos/rakesh-sharmas-back-up-for-indian-space-mission-was-ravish-malhotra|url-status=live}}</ref>
-'''Unit :''' Indo Soviet Space
+=== Indo-Soviet Space Program ===
+After the war of 1971, Malhotra was selected for the [[U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School]] at the [[Edwards Air Force Base]] in California and later to the Indo-Soviet Space Program, a joint program between India and the former USSR. During this time, he would undertake tests at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine, in Bangalore and later in Moscow. The final tests would result in Malhotra, [[Rakesh Sharma]], and two other cadets being selected to train for spaceflight in the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Intercosmos]] program in 1982.<ref name=":0" />
-'''Reference :'''   Gazette of India, 19 May 1984 - No.58 - Pres/85 dated 7 May 1985
+[[File:Soyuz T-11 primary and backup crew.jpg|thumb|[[Soyuz T-11]] crew (1984). Malhotra is in the middle of the top row.|left]]
+Malhotra trained at the [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]] in [[Star City, Russia|Star City]] for over two years.<ref name=":0" /> The training and medium of instruction was in Russian since much of the instrumentation and other equipment markings were in Russian. In addition to physical conditioning in preparation for space flight, the cadets also worked on the simulators including sorties on the [[Ilyushin Il-76]] aircraft which simulated near zero gravity and microgravity conditions for ~50 seconds at a time. Training also included sea recovery and survival since the [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] spacecraft capsule recovery was over the sea. During this time, his contact was limited to the cadets in the program, the Russian handlers, and officers from the [[Indian Embassy in Moscow]], whom he met over the weekends.<ref name=":0" /> At the end of the training program, Malhotra and Sharma were shortlisted as the two members of the Indian team on the [[Soyuz T-11]] mission to launch the first Indian into space in 1984. The two trained on multiple mission objectives including studying the effects of [[yoga]] in space as well as other [[biomedicine]] and [[remote sensing]] experiments.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnaswamy |first=Murali N. |date=2014-06-09 |title=Reminiscences of a space odyssey |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/reminiscences-of-a-space-odyssey/article6097054.ece |access-date=2022-08-27 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827233427/https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/reminiscences-of-a-space-odyssey/article6097054.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=Colin |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/932169214 |title=Interkosmos : the Eastern Bloc's early space program |date=19 November 2015 |isbn=978-3-319-24163-0 |oclc=932169214 |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222051/http://worldcat.org/title/932169214 |url-status=live }}</ref> Malhotra remained Sharma's backup for this mission, while Sharma went on to be the first Indian in space.<ref name=":0" /> The decision to have Sharma go to space and Malhotra remain on the ground was taken by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in India halfway through the training program.<ref name=":4" /> Speaking later about the decision, Malhotra said, "I was disappointed, but you accept it, and move on with the mission". He remained on good terms with Sharma after the mission.<ref name=":0" />
+After returning from the Soviet Union, Malhotra was awarded the Soviet [[Order of Friendship of Peoples]] in 1984 and [[Kirti Chakra]] in 1985.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
+=== Later career ===
+Malhotra returned to his combat role in the Air Force upon his return to India and was posted as the [[commanding officer]] of the [[Hindan Air Force Station]] near the Indian capital of Delhi. He took an early retirement from the Air Force in 1995.<ref name=":0" />
+After his retirement from the Indian Air Force, Malhotra entered the private sector, setting up an aerospace manufacturing firm [[Dynamatic Technologies|Dynamatic Aerospace]]. The [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]]-listed company manufactures precision parts with clients including [[Boeing]], [[Airbus]], and [[Bell Helicopter|Bell helicopters]]. He retired from the company at the age of 75.<ref name=":0" />
+== Personal life ==
+Malhotra is married to Mira Malhotra, a psychologist.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Colin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MG__CgAAQBAJ&dq=Ravish+Malhotra+mira&pg=PA317 |title=Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program |last2=Vis |first2=Bert |date=2015-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-24163-0 |language=en |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222051/https://books.google.com/books?id=MG__CgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA317&dq=Ravish+Malhotra+mira&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rau |first1=V. N. Sadasiva |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qF6V0C7pBaYC&dq=Ravish+Malhotra+mira&pg=PA15 |title=Essays For College Level & Competitive Exam |last2=Sreedharan |first2=S. |publisher=Sura Books |isbn=978-81-7254-090-6 |language=en |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222051/https://books.google.com/books?id=qF6V0C7pBaYC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA15&dq=Ravish+Malhotra+mira&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> The couple have two children.<ref name=":1" /> As of 2021 he continues to live in [[Bangalore]] in Southern India.<ref name=":0" />
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
-{{Indian space programme}}
+== External links ==
+{{commons category}}
+* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/7673 Air Commodore Ravish Malhotra: Service Record] at [[Bharat Rakshak]]
+* [[Soyuz T-10]] [http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-t11.htm Mission Report] at [https://spacefacts.de Spacefacts.de]
+{{Indian space programme|state=collapsed}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Malhotra, Ravish}}
+[[Category:1943 births]]
+[[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:Punjabi people]]
 [[Category:Indian Air Force officers]]
 [[Category:Indian astronauts]]
-[[Category:1943 births]]
-[[Category:Living people]]
 [[Category:Military personnel from Lahore]]
-[[Category:Punjabi people]]
 [[Category:Military personnel from Punjab, India]]
 [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples]]
-{{India-mil-bio-stub}}
-{{astronaut-stub}}
 [[Category:Recipients of the Kirti Chakra]]
-[[Category:Kirti Chakra]]

v t e Indian space programme
Department of Space (DoS)
Organisations	Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Antrix Corporation Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) New Space India Limited (NSIL) Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU) Integrated Space Cell Defence Space Agency Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)
Programmes	Bhaskara GAGAN GSAT INSAT IRNSS IRS Cartosat RISAT Rohini SROSS Chandrayaan Human Spaceflight Programme
Satellites	APPLE Aryabhata HAMSAT IMS-1 Megha-Tropiques NISAR SARAL South Asia Satellite SRE SRE II Kalpana-1 CARE
Space observatories	Astrosat Aditya-L1 (planned) XPoSat (planned) AstroSat-2 (proposed)
Lunar and planetary spacecraft	Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-2 Chandrayaan-3 (planned, 2022) Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (proposed) Mars Orbiter Mission Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed) Shukrayaan-1 (proposed)
Crewed spacecraft	Gaganyaan (Under development)
Rockets	Engines CE-7.5 CE-20 Vikas Orbital SLV ASLV PSLV Launches GSLV Mk I Mk II Launches Mk III Suborbital Rohini ATV Concepts ULV Under development RLV Technology Demonstration Programme RLV-TD HEX SSLV SCE-200
Facilities	Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) Master Control Facility (MCF) Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE) Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) ISRO Propulsion Complex Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)
Legislation	Space Activities Bill
Private companies	Pixxel Skyroot Aerospace Satellize AgniKul Cosmos Dhruva Space Bellatrix Aerospace TeamIndus
Related	SAGA-220 (supercomputer) RESPOND
List of Indian satellites List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches List of ISRO missions List of ISRO chairpersons

Air Commodore Ravish Malhotra

Born	(1943-12-25) 25 December 1943 (age 82) Lahore, Punjab, British India
Status	Retired
Nationality	Indian
Occupation	Test Pilot
Awards	Kirti Chakra Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples
Space career
Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut
Selection	1982
Missions	Soyuz T-11


Military career
Allegiance	India
Service/branch	Indian Air Force
Years of service	1963 to 1994
Rank	Air Commodore
Service number	7673 F(P)
Spouse(s)	Mira Malhotra
Children	2