Samata Party: Difference between revisions

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{{pp|small=yes}}
 
{{other uses|Samata (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Samata (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party  
{{Infobox Indian Political Party  
| party_name    = Samata Party
| party_name    = Samata Party
| colorcode  = {{party color|Samata Party}}
| colorcode  = green
| party_logo =  
| party_logo = [[File:Samata Party New.png]]
|founder          = [[George Fernandes]] and [[Nitish Kumar]]
|founder          = [[George Fernandes]]
| chairman =  [[Brahmanand Mandal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/2008/02/20/200802231346100.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313152051/http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/2008/02/20/200802231346100.html |archive-date=13 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| president =  [[Uday Mandal]]<ref>{{cite web |https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-demonstrated-against-inflation-and-unemployment-3937699.html |title=महंगाई व बेरोजगारी के खिलाप धारणा प्रदर्शन |access-date=2022-04-30 }}</ref>
| foundation = 1994
| foundation = 1994
|loksabha_leader   =  
|leader   = Uday Mandal
|rajyasabha_leader =  
|rajyasabha_leader =  
|loksabha_seats    = 0/543
|loksabha_seats    =  
|rajyasabha_seats  = {{Infobox political party/seats|0|245|hex={{party color|Samata Party}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats  =  
| ideology = [[Socialism]]
| ideology = [[Socialism]]
| symbol = [[File:Samta Party.gif|center|75px]]
| symbol =  
| website = https://samataparty.org
|eci=State Party|split=[[Janata Dal]]|abbreviation=SAP}}
|eci=State Party|split=[[Janata Dal]]|abbreviation=SAP}}
The '''Samata Party''' (SAP) is a [[political party]] in [[India]], initially formed in 1994 by [[George Fernandes]] and [[Nitish Kumar]]. It was an offshoot of the [[Janata Dal]], with the alleged [[caste]]ism of the parent party being the reason given for the split.<ref>{{cite web | title=Samata Party | url=http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/samta-party.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040601221604/http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/samta-party.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2004-06-01 | publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref> The party has [[socialist]] leanings, and at one point wielded considerable [[Politics|political]] and [[social]] influence in [[North India]], particularly in [[Bihar]]. In 2003, the bulk of the party merged with the [[Janata Dal (United)]], but a small breakaway [[Political faction|faction]] led by [[Brahmanand Mandal]], and [[Raghunath Jha]] continues to function under the name of the Samata Party.
The Samata Party (SAP) is a political party in India, initially formed in 1994 by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar, now led by Uday Mandal its National President.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-hc-samata-party-shiv-sena-flaming-torch-symbol-8218449/</ref> Samata Party once launched Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister of Bihar.<ref>https://www.outlookindia.com/national/delhi-hc-rejects-samata-party-s-claims-over-flaming-torch-flames-up-memories-of-nitish-kumar-s-installation-as-cm--news-231105</ref> It was an offshoot of the Janata Dal, with the alleged casteism of the parent party being the reason given for the split.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20040601221604/http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/samta-party.html</ref> The party has socialist leanings, and at one point wielded considerable political and social influence in North India, particularly in Bihar. In 2003 most Samata Party members joined Janata Dal (United). Only a faction led by MP Brahmanand Mandal remained in the Samata party and continued to use the party name and symbols.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hindi/regionalnews/story/2004/03/printable/040320_politics_delhi</ref><ref>https://www.rediff.com/election/2004/mar/20ec.htm</ref>
 
Later [[Raghunath Jha]] quit the Samata Party and joined other parties. [[Brahmanand Mandal]] is the [[President (corporate title)|President]] of the Samata Party, Kumari Nambi is the Vice President, Uday Kumar Mandal is the Secretary General, Gautam Das, Santosh Kumar and Nitish Nishant Sehgal are the General Secretaries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Office Bearers – SAMATA PARTY|url=https://samataparty.org/national-office-bearers-2/|access-date=2021-12-07|language=en-US}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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In March 2000, [[Nitish Kumar]] was elected leader of the NDA for [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] post. On 3 March, he, sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] for the first time at the behest of the Vajpayee Government in the center. NDA and allies had 151 MLA whereas [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] had 159 MLA in the 324-member house. Both alliances were less than the majority mark, 163. Nithish resigned because he could not prove his numbers in the house.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/march-2000-when-nitish-quit-as-cm-before-floor-test-779422.html | title=March 2000: When Nitish quit as CM, before floor test | newspaper=Deccan Herald | first=Abhay | last=Kumar | date=24 November 2019 | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20000320-nitish-kumars-government-in-bihar-not-outvoted-as-much-as-outmanoeuvred-by-laloo-yadav-777236-2000-03-20 |  title=Nitish Kumar's government in Bihar not outvoted as much as outmanoeuvred by Laloo Yadav | publisher=India Today | first=Swapan | last=Dasgupta | date=20 March 2000 | accessdate=3 December 2021}}</ref>
In March 2000, [[Nitish Kumar]] was elected leader of the NDA for [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] post. On 3 March, he, sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] for the first time at the behest of the Vajpayee Government in the center. NDA and allies had 151 MLA whereas [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] had 159 MLA in the 324-member house. Both alliances were less than the majority mark, 163. Nithish resigned because he could not prove his numbers in the house.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/march-2000-when-nitish-quit-as-cm-before-floor-test-779422.html | title=March 2000: When Nitish quit as CM, before floor test | newspaper=Deccan Herald | first=Abhay | last=Kumar | date=24 November 2019 | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20000320-nitish-kumars-government-in-bihar-not-outvoted-as-much-as-outmanoeuvred-by-laloo-yadav-777236-2000-03-20 |  title=Nitish Kumar's government in Bihar not outvoted as much as outmanoeuvred by Laloo Yadav | publisher=India Today | first=Swapan | last=Dasgupta | date=20 March 2000 | accessdate=3 December 2021}}</ref>


[[Radhabinod Koijam]] became the second chief minister from Samata Party when was sworn in as [[Chief Minister of Manipur]] on 15 February 2001.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://in.rediff.com/news/2001/feb/15mani1.htm | publisher=Rediff | title= Koijam sworn in Manipur CM | agency=PTI | date=15 February 2001 | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref> The government was however, short-lived. The coalition he was leading fell in May the same year.<ref>[http://www.himalmag.com/september2001/report.html Himal South Asian-August-2000<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407212128/http://www.himalmag.com/september2001/report.html |date=7 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010602/edit.htm | newspaper=The Tribune | location=Chandigarh, India | title=Message from Manipur | date=2 June 2001 | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref>
[[Radhabinod Koijam]] became the second chief minister from Samata Party when was sworn in as [[Chief Minister of Manipur]] on 15 February 2001.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://in.rediff.com/news/2001/feb/15mani1.htm | publisher=Rediff | title= Koijam sworn in Manipur CM | agency=PTI | date=15 February 2001 | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref> The government was however, short-lived. The coalition he was leading fell in May the same year.<ref>[http://www.himalmag.com/september2001/report.html Himal South Asian-August-2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407212128/http://www.himalmag.com/september2001/report.html |date=7 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010602/edit.htm | newspaper=The Tribune | location=Chandigarh, India | title=Message from Manipur | date=2 June 2001 | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref>
 
==Rejection of Merger with JD(U)==
==Merger with Janata Dal (United)==
 
===Merger===
 
A faction led by then [[List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Karnataka]] [[J. H. Patel]] had lent support to the [[National Democratic Alliance]], leading to the split in the [[Janata Dal]] leading to the formation of [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] under [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under [[Sharad Yadav]] was called Janata Dal (United).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06jdu.htm | title=Samata Party breaks away from JD (U) | publisher=Rediff | date=6 January 2000 | agency=UNI | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref>
A faction led by then [[List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Karnataka]] [[J. H. Patel]] had lent support to the [[National Democratic Alliance]], leading to the split in the [[Janata Dal]] leading to the formation of [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] under [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under [[Sharad Yadav]] was called Janata Dal (United).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06jdu.htm | title=Samata Party breaks away from JD (U) | publisher=Rediff | date=6 January 2000 | agency=UNI | accessdate=3 December 2021 }}</ref>


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==Ideology==
==Ideology==
The party follows the socialist ideology, in particular that of [[Ram Manohar Lohia]].<ref name=SP1>{{cite web|title=Samata Party|url=http://samataparty.com/|publisher=Samata Party|access-date=8 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617054409/http://samataparty.com/|archive-date=17 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The party follows the socialist ideology, in particular that of [[Ram Manohar Lohia]].<ref name="SP1">{{cite web|title=Samata Party|url=http://samataparty.com/|publisher=Samata Party|access-date=8 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617054409/http://samataparty.com/|archive-date=17 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
==In politics==
==In politics==
In the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 general elections]] for the 14th [[Lok Sabha]] (2009-2014), it had contested in 11 seats and was defeated in all of them. It had secured a total of 31324 votes which was only 0.02 percent of the total number of votes cast in that state.<ref>{{cite web|title=PERFORMANCE OF GENERAL ELECTIONS - INDIA, 2009 - REGISTERED (UNRECOGNISED) PARTIES & INDEPENDENTS|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|year=2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926021554/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> For the Lok Sabha elections of 2014, the Samata Party decided to forgo any alliance, stating that it would not ally with the Congress at any cost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-10237767.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214024456/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-10237767.html |archive-date=14 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
In the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 general elections]] for the 14th [[Lok Sabha]] (2009-2014), it had contested in 11 seats and was defeated in all of them. It had secured a total of 31324 votes which was only 0.02 percent of the total number of votes cast in that state.<ref>{{cite web|title=PERFORMANCE OF GENERAL ELECTIONS - INDIA, 2009 - REGISTERED (UNRECOGNISED) PARTIES & INDEPENDENTS|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|year=2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926021554/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> For the Lok Sabha elections of 2014, the Samata Party decided to forgo any alliance, stating that it would not ally with the Congress at any cost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-10237767.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214024456/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-10237767.html |archive-date=14 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[]
[]
==Electoral Performances==
==Electoral Performances==
 
===Lok Sabha (Lower House) ===
=== Lok Sabha (Lower House) ===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#00f;"
|- style="background:#00f;"
! Lok Sabha Term
!Lok Sabha Term
! Indian<br />General Election
! Indian<br />General Election
! Seats<br />contested
!Seats<br />contested
! Seats<br />won
!Seats<br />won
! % of<br /> votes
! % of<br /> votes
! % of votes in<br />seats contested
! % of votes in<br />seats contested
|-
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha]]
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 81
|81
| 8
| 8
| 72,56,086
|72,56,086
| 2.2%
|2.2%
|-
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha]]
|[[12th Lok Sabha]]
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 57
|57
| 12
|12
| 64,91,639
| 64,91,639
| 1.8%
| 1.8%
Line 82: Line 72:
| 40
| 40
| 0
| 0
| 2,01,276
| 2,01,276
| 0.1%
|0.1%
|-
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha]]
|[[15th Lok Sabha]]
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 11
| 11
| 0
|0
|  
|
| 0.0%
|0.0%
|-
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 10
|10
| 0
|0
|  
|
| 0.0%
|0.0%
|-
|-
|}
|}
=== Vidhan Sabha (Lower House) ===
=== Vidhan Sabha (Lower House) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#00f;"
|- style="background:#00f;"
! Vidhan Sabha Term
!Vidhan Sabha Term
! State
!State
! <br />elections
!
<br />elections
! Seats<br />contested
! Seats<br />contested
! Seats<br />won
! Seats<br />won
! % of<br /> votes
! % of<br /> votes
! Party Votes
!Party Votes
|-
|-
| 11th Assembly
|11th Assembly
| Bihar
|Bihar
| 1995
|1995
| 310
|310
| 7
|7
| 24,40,275
|24,40,275
| 7.1%
| 7.1%
|-
|-
| 12th Assembly
| 12th Assembly
| Bihar
|Bihar
| 2000
|2000
| 120
|120
| 34
|34
| 32,05,746
|32,05,746
| 8.7%
|8.7%
|-
|-
| 7th Assembly
|7th Assembly
| Manipur
|Manipur
| 1995
| 1995
| 23
|23
| 2
| 2
| 70,887
|70,887  
| 6.2%
|6.2%
|-
|-
| 8th Assembly
|8th Assembly
| Manipur
| Manipur
| 2000
| 2000
| 36
|36
| 1
| 1
| 84,215
|84,215
| 6.7%
|6.7%
|-
|-
| 9th Assembly
|9th Assembly
| Manipur
| Manipur
| 2005
|2005
| 31
|31
| 3
| 3
| 1,09,912
|1,09,912
| 8.3%
|8.3%
|-
|-
|  
|
| Nagaland
|Nagaland
| 2003
|2003
| 4
| 4
| 1
|1
| 10,456
|10,456
| 1.2%
|1.2%
|-
|-
|}
|}
 
==List of Chief Ministers==
== List of Chief Ministers ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! No
! No
! Name<br />{{small|Constituency}}
!Name<br />{{small|Constituency}}
! colspan=2| Term of office
! colspan="2" |Term of office
! Tenure length
!Tenure length
! Party
!Party
! State
! State
! Assembly
!Assembly
|-  
|-
| 1
|1
| [[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
| 3 March 2000
|3 March 2000
| 10 March 2000
|10 March 2000
| {{age in years and days|2000|03|03|2000|03|10}}
|{{age in years and days|2000|03|03|2000|03|10}}
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samata Party}}" | Samata Party
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samata Party}}" |Samata Party
| [[Bihar]]
|[[Bihar]]
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|12th Assembly]]  
|[[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|12th Assembly]]
|-
|-
| 2
|2
| [[Radhabinod Koijam]]
|[[Radhabinod Koijam]]
| 15 February 2001
|15 February 2001
| 1 June 2001
|1 June 2001
| {{age in years and days|2001|02|15|2001|06|01}}
|{{age in years and days|2001|02|15|2001|06|01}}
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samata Party}}" | Samata Party
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samata Party}}" |Samata Party
| [[Manipur]]
|[[Manipur]]
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|8th Assembly]]  
|[[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|8th Assembly]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
 
== See also==
==See also==
*[[List of political parties in India]]
* [[List of political parties in India]]
==References==
 
==References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==External links==
==External links==
* {{official|https://samataparty.org/}}
* {{official|https://samataparty.org/}}
{{Janata Parivar parties}}
{{Janata Parivar parties}}
[[Category:Samata Party| ]]
[[Category:Samata Party| ]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]

Latest revision as of 12:34, 17 November 2022

For other uses, see Samata (disambiguation).


Samata Party
AbbreviationSAP
LeaderUday Mandal
PresidentUday Mandal[1]
FounderGeorge Fernandes
Founded1994
Split fromJanata Dal
IdeologySocialism
ECI StatusState Party
Website
https://samataparty.org

The Samata Party (SAP) is a political party in India, initially formed in 1994 by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar, now led by Uday Mandal its National President.[2] Samata Party once launched Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister of Bihar.[3] It was an offshoot of the Janata Dal, with the alleged casteism of the parent party being the reason given for the split.[4] The party has socialist leanings, and at one point wielded considerable political and social influence in North India, particularly in Bihar. In 2003 most Samata Party members joined Janata Dal (United). Only a faction led by MP Brahmanand Mandal remained in the Samata party and continued to use the party name and symbols.[5][6]

History[edit | edit source]

In the general elections of 1996, the Samata Party formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janta Party and won eight seats, six of which were in Bihar and one each in Uttar Pradesh and Odisha. Before the election, the party was largely rooted only in Bihar. In the 1998 general elections, again in alliance with Bharatiya Janta Party, it won twelve seats, ten from Bihar and two from Uttar Pradesh.

In March 2000, Nitish Kumar was elected leader of the NDA for Chief Minister of Bihar post. On 3 March, he, sworn in as the Chief Minister of Bihar for the first time at the behest of the Vajpayee Government in the center. NDA and allies had 151 MLA whereas Lalu Prasad Yadav had 159 MLA in the 324-member house. Both alliances were less than the majority mark, 163. Nithish resigned because he could not prove his numbers in the house.[7][8]

Radhabinod Koijam became the second chief minister from Samata Party when was sworn in as Chief Minister of Manipur on 15 February 2001.[9] The government was however, short-lived. The coalition he was leading fell in May the same year.[10][11]

Rejection of Merger with JD(U)[edit | edit source]

A faction led by then Chief Minister of Karnataka J. H. Patel had lent support to the National Democratic Alliance, leading to the split in the Janata Dal leading to the formation of Janata Dal (Secular) under H. D. Deve Gowda, who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under Sharad Yadav was called Janata Dal (United).[12]

The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lok Shakti and the Samata Party.

In October 2003, George Fernandes, the president of the party, announced that the party would be merging with the Janata Dal (United).[13] The Janata Dal (United) was part of the ruling coalition in the National Democratic Alliance.

Ideology[edit | edit source]

The party follows the socialist ideology, in particular that of Ram Manohar Lohia.[14]

In politics[edit | edit source]

In the 2009 general elections for the 14th Lok Sabha (2009-2014), it had contested in 11 seats and was defeated in all of them. It had secured a total of 31324 votes which was only 0.02 percent of the total number of votes cast in that state.[15] For the Lok Sabha elections of 2014, the Samata Party decided to forgo any alliance, stating that it would not ally with the Congress at any cost.[16] []

Electoral Performances[edit | edit source]

Lok Sabha (Lower House)[edit | edit source]

Lok Sabha Term Indian
General Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
11th Lok Sabha 1996 81 8 72,56,086 2.2%
12th Lok Sabha 1998 57 12 64,91,639 1.8%
14th Lok Sabha 2004 40 0 2,01,276 0.1%
15th Lok Sabha 2009 11 0 0.0%
16th Lok Sabha 2014 10 0 0.0%

Vidhan Sabha (Lower House)[edit | edit source]

Vidhan Sabha Term State


elections

Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		Party Votes
11th Assembly Bihar 1995 310 7 24,40,275 7.1%
12th Assembly Bihar 2000 120 34 32,05,746 8.7%
7th Assembly Manipur 1995 23 2 70,887 6.2%
8th Assembly Manipur 2000 36 1 84,215 6.7%
9th Assembly Manipur 2005 31 3 1,09,912 8.3%
Nagaland 2003 4 1 10,456 1.2%

List of Chief Ministers[edit | edit source]

No Name
Constituency 		Term of office Tenure length Party State Assembly
1 Nitish Kumar 3 March 2000 10 March 2000 7 days Samata Party Bihar 12th Assembly
2 Radhabinod Koijam 15 February 2001 1 June 2001 106 days Samata Party Manipur 8th Assembly

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "महंगाई व बेरोजगारी के खिलाप धारणा प्रदर्शन". {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-demonstrated-against-inflation-and-unemployment-3937699.html" ignored (help)
  2. ↑ https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-hc-samata-party-shiv-sena-flaming-torch-symbol-8218449/
  3. ↑ https://www.outlookindia.com/national/delhi-hc-rejects-samata-party-s-claims-over-flaming-torch-flames-up-memories-of-nitish-kumar-s-installation-as-cm--news-231105
  4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20040601221604/http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/samta-party.html
  5. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/hindi/regionalnews/story/2004/03/printable/040320_politics_delhi
  6. ↑ https://www.rediff.com/election/2004/mar/20ec.htm
  7. ↑ Kumar, Abhay (24 November 2019). "March 2000: When Nitish quit as CM, before floor test". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  8. ↑ Dasgupta, Swapan (20 March 2000). "Nitish Kumar's government in Bihar not outvoted as much as outmanoeuvred by Laloo Yadav". India Today. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  9. ↑ "Koijam sworn in Manipur CM". Rediff. PTI. 15 February 2001. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  10. ↑ Himal South Asian-August-2000 Archived 7 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ "Message from Manipur". The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. 2 June 2001. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  12. ↑ "Samata Party breaks away from JD (U)". Rediff. UNI. 6 January 2000. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  13. ↑ Gargi Parsai (31 October 2003). "Fernandes to head Janata Dal (United)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012.
  14. ↑ "Samata Party". Samata Party. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  15. ↑ "PERFORMANCE OF GENERAL ELECTIONS - INDIA, 2009 - REGISTERED (UNRECOGNISED) PARTIES & INDEPENDENTS" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2012.
  16. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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