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{{short description|India's first satellite}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Aryabhatta
| name                  = Aryabhata
| image                = Aryabhata Satellite.jpg
| image                = Aryabhata Satellite.jpg
| image_size            = 270px
| image_size            = 270px
Line 7: Line 10:
| operator              = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| operator              = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| website              =
| website              =
| COSPAR_ID            = 1965-033A
| COSPAR_ID            =  
| SATCAT                = 7752
| Satcat              =  
| mission_duration     = 4 days achieved
| mission duration     = Planned: 6 months <br /> Active till: {{time interval| March 1981 |19 April 1975 07:30|show=ymd|sep=,}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| spacecraft_bus        =
| spacecraft_bus        =
| manufacturer          =
| manufacturer          =
| dry_mass              =
| dry_mass              =
| launch_mass          = 360&nbsp;kg (794&nbsp;lb)
| launch_mass          = {{Convert|360|kg|lbs}}<ref name=Brit/><ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| power                = 46&nbsp;watts
| power                = 46&nbsp;watts<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| launch_date          ={{start-date|19 April 1975, 07:30|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=22 January 2014}}</ref>
| launch_date          ={{start-date|19 April 1975, 07:30|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>
| launch_rocket        = [[Kosmos-3M]]
| launch_rocket        = [[Kosmos-3M]]<ref name="AB_URSC">{{cite web |title=Aryabhata |url=https://www.ursc.gov.in/experimental-satellites/html/aryabhata.jsp |website=URSC.gov.in |access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref>
| launch_site          = [[Kapustin Yar]] [[Kapustin Yar Site 107|107/2]]
| launch_site          = [[Kapustin Yar]] [[Kapustin Yar Site 107|107/2]]
| launch_contractor    =
| launch_contractor    =
| last_contact          = {{end-date|24 April 1975}}
| last_contact          = {{end-date| March 1981}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| decay_date            = 10 February 1992
| decay_date            = 10 February 1992<ref name="AB_ISRO">{{cite web |title=Aryabhata |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/aryabhata-1 |website=ISRO.gov.in |access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref>
| orbit_epoch          = 19 May 1975<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=22 January 2014}}</ref>
| orbit_epoch          = 19 May 1975<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>
| orbit_reference      = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_reference      = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime          = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_regime          = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_periapsis      = {{convert|568|km|mi}}
| orbit_periapsis      = {{convert|563|km|mi}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{convert|611|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{convert|619|km|mi}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| orbit_inclination    = 50.6&nbsp;degrees
| orbit_inclination    = 50.7&nbsp;degrees<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
| orbit_period          = 96.46&nbsp;minutes
| orbit_period          = 96.46&nbsp;minutes
| apsis                = gee
| apsis                = gee
}}
}}
[[File:1984 CPA 5493.jpg|thumb|right|1984 USSR stamp featuring [[Bhaskara (satellite)|Bhaskara]]-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites]]
'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite (artificial)|satellite]]. It got its name from the Indian [[astronomer]] of the same name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx |title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref>


== References ==
'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite]],<ref name=Brit>"Aryabhata" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.</ref> named after [[Aryabhata|the famous Indian astronomer.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx |title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref> It was launched on 19 April 1975<ref name="Brit" /> from [[Kapustin Yar]], a [[Soviet]] rocket launch and development site in [[Astrakhan Oblast]] using a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle. It was built by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]], and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet [[Interkosmos]] programme which provided access to space for friendly states.
{{reflist}}


{{multistub|sci|Asia}}
==Launch==
It was launched by India on 19 April 1975<ref name=Brit/> from [[Kapustin Yar]], a [[Russia]]n rocket launch and development site in [[Astrakhan Oblast]] using a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by [[Udupi Ramachandra Rao|UR Rao]] and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching various different Indian satellites.<ref>{{cite book|last=Harvey|first=Brian|title=The Japanese and Indian space programmes : two roads into space|date=2000|publisher=Springer [u.a.]|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=1-85233-199-2|page=133}}</ref>


[[Category:Satellites]]
On 19 April 1975, the satellite's 96.46-minute orbit had an [[Apsis|apogee]] of {{convert|619|km|mi}} and a perigee of {{convert|563|km|mi}}, at an inclination of 50.7 degrees.<ref name="satcat"/><ref name="AB_ISRO"/> It was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics. The spacecraft was a 26-sided polyhedron {{convert|1.4|m|ft}} in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were covered with solar cells.<ref name="AB_URSC"/> A power failure halted experiments after four days and 60 orbits with all signals from the spacecraft lost after five days of the operation.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} Spacecraft mainframe remained active till March 1981.<ref name="AB_ISRO"/> Due to orbital decay the satellite entered Earth's atmosphere on 11 February 1992.<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
[[Category:India]]
 
==Legacy==
 
*It was named after the 5th century astronomer and mathematician from India by Aryabhatta.<ref>{{cite book|last=Harvey|first=Brian|title=The Japanese and Indian Space Programmes: Two Roads into Space|date=2000|publisher=Springer|location=London|isbn=1-85233-199-2|page=134}}</ref>
* The satellite's image appeared on the reverse of [[Indian 2-rupee note|Indian two rupee banknotes]] between 1976 and 1997 ([[Pick catalog]]).<ref name="AB_URSC"/>
 
<gallery class="center" heights="200px" mode=packed>
File:1984 CPA 5493.jpg|1984 [[Stamps of the Soviet Union|USSR stamp]] featuring [[Bhaskara (satellite)|Bhaskara]]-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites
File:2 Rupees (Reverse) Aryabhata.jpg|Illustration of Aryabhata spacecraft on {{INR}}[[Indian 2-rupee note|2 currency bill]]
</gallery>
 
==See also==
 
* [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
{{Commons category|Aryabhata (satellite)}}
* [http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/aryabhata.html NASA HEASARC Page].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020211065517/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htm Astronautix Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027104057/http://geocities.com/hari_ghk/arya.htm India in Space Page]
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/SpacecraftQuery.jsp NSSDC Master Catalog Search]
 
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1975}}
 
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aryabhata (Satellite)}}
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1992]]
[[Category:1975 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1975 in India]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:First artificial satellite of a country]]
[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1975]]

Latest revision as of 23:52, 13 August 2023


Aryabhata
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
File photo of Aryabhata, India's first indigenously built satellite.
Mission typeAstrophysics
OperatorISRO
COSPAR ID{{#property:P247}}
Spacecraft properties
Launch mass360 kilograms (790 lb)[1][2]
Power46 watts[2]
Start of mission
Launch date19 April 1975, 07:30 (1975-04-19UTC07:30Z) UTC[3]
RocketKosmos-3M[4]
Launch siteKapustin Yar 107/2
End of mission
Last contactMarch 1981 (1981-04)[2]
Decay date10 February 1992[2]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Perigee altitude563 kilometres (350 mi)[2]
Apogee altitude619 kilometres (385 mi)[2]
Inclination50.7 degrees[2]
Period96.46 minutes
Epoch19 May 1975[5]
 

Aryabhata was India's first satellite,[1] named after the famous Indian astronomer.[6] It was launched on 19 April 1975[1] from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the ISRO, and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states.

Launch[edit | edit source]

It was launched by India on 19 April 1975[1] from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching various different Indian satellites.[7]

On 19 April 1975, the satellite's 96.46-minute orbit had an apogee of 619 kilometres (385 mi) and a perigee of 563 kilometres (350 mi), at an inclination of 50.7 degrees.[5][2] It was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics. The spacecraft was a 26-sided polyhedron 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were covered with solar cells.[4] A power failure halted experiments after four days and 60 orbits with all signals from the spacecraft lost after five days of the operation.[citation needed] Spacecraft mainframe remained active till March 1981.[2] Due to orbital decay the satellite entered Earth's atmosphere on 11 February 1992.[2]

Legacy[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Aryabhata" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "Aryabhata". ISRO.gov.in. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  3. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Aryabhata". URSC.gov.in. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  6. ↑ "Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite".
  7. ↑ Harvey, Brian (2000). The Japanese and Indian space programmes : two roads into space. London [u.a.]: Springer [u.a.] p. 133. ISBN 1-85233-199-2.
  8. ↑ Harvey, Brian (2000). The Japanese and Indian Space Programmes: Two Roads into Space. London: Springer. p. 134. ISBN 1-85233-199-2.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Orbital launches in 1975

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