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The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web |url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html |archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> | The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web |url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html |archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228041748/http://astronautix.com/s/sross.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 28, 2016|title=SROSS}}</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> | ||
== Satellites in series == | == Satellites in series == | ||
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=== SROSS C === | === SROSS C === | ||
The third, SROSS 3 (also known as SROSS C), attained a lower-than-planned orbit on 20 May 1992. The GRB monitored celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range 20–3000 keV. SROSS C and C2 carried a gamma-ray burst (GRB) experiment and a Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) experiment. The GRB experiment operated from 25 May 1992 until reentry on 14 July 1992. The instrument consisted of a main and a redundant CsI(Na) scintillator operating in the energy range 20–3000 keV. The crystals were 76 mm (main) and 37 mm (redundant) in diameter. Each had a thickness of 12.5 mm. A 'burst mode' was triggered by the 100–1024 keV count rate exceeding a preset limit during a 256 or 1024 ms time integration. In this mode, 65 s of temporal and 2 s of spectral data prior to the trigger are stored, as well as the subsequent 16 s of spectral data and 204 s of temporal data. The low resolution data consists of two energy channels (20–100 keV and 100–1024 keV) from 65 s before the trigger to 204 s after the trigger in 256 ms integrations. The 20–1024 keV rates are also recorded with a 2 ms resolution for 1 s prior to 1 s after trigger and a 16 ms resolution for 1s prior to 8 s after the trigger. Energy spectra are conducted with a 124 channel PHA. Four pre-trigger spectra and 32 post-trigger spectra are recorded for every burst with a 512 ms integration time.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html</ref> The RPA measured temperature, density and characteristics of electrons in the Earth's ionosphere.<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> The GRB experiment computer system used the [[RCA 1802|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_069_09_0732_0739_0.pdf|title=Cosmic gamma ray bursts - Recent developments and observations from SROSS satellites|date=10 Nov 1995|website=Current Science Research Journal}}</ref> | The third, SROSS 3 (also known as SROSS C), attained a lower-than-planned orbit on 20 May 1992. The GRB monitored celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range 20–3000 keV. SROSS C and C2 carried a gamma-ray burst (GRB) experiment and a Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) experiment. The GRB experiment operated from 25 May 1992 until reentry on 14 July 1992. The instrument consisted of a main and a redundant CsI(Na) scintillator operating in the energy range 20–3000 keV. The crystals were 76 mm (main) and 37 mm (redundant) in diameter. Each had a thickness of 12.5 mm. A 'burst mode' was triggered by the 100–1024 keV count rate exceeding a preset limit during a 256 or 1024 ms time integration. In this mode, 65 s of temporal and 2 s of spectral data prior to the trigger are stored, as well as the subsequent 16 s of spectral data and 204 s of temporal data. The low resolution data consists of two energy channels (20–100 keV and 100–1024 keV) from 65 s before the trigger to 204 s after the trigger in 256 ms integrations. The 20–1024 keV rates are also recorded with a 2 ms resolution for 1 s prior to 1 s after trigger and a 16 ms resolution for 1s prior to 8 s after the trigger. Energy spectra are conducted with a 124 channel PHA. Four pre-trigger spectra and 32 post-trigger spectra are recorded for every burst with a 512 ms integration time.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov">{{Cite web|url=http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html|title = Stretched Rohini Satellite Series 3 & C2}}</ref> The RPA measured temperature, density and characteristics of electrons in the Earth's ionosphere.<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> The GRB experiment computer system used the [[RCA 1802|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_069_09_0732_0739_0.pdf|title=Cosmic gamma ray bursts - Recent developments and observations from SROSS satellites|date=10 Nov 1995|website=Current Science Research Journal}}</ref> | ||
=== SROSS C2 === | === SROSS C2 === | ||
SROSS-C2 was launched on 4 May 1994. The [[gamma ray]] burst experiments on board SROSS-C2 are an improved version of the GRB payload flown successfully on the SROSS-C satellite. The improvements include enhancements of the on-board memory and a better measurement of the background spectra after a burst event. These improvements led to the discovery of twelve candidate events detected up to 15 February 1995, out of a total of 993 triggers.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov"/> The SROSS-C2 spacecraft is one of the satellites included in the [[InterPlanetary Network|Interplanetary Network]]<ref>http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/</ref> The SROSS C2 satellite also used an [[RCA 1802|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor for the GRB experiment.<ref>{{Cite | SROSS-C2 was launched on 4 May 1994. The [[gamma ray]] burst experiments on board SROSS-C2 are an improved version of the GRB payload flown successfully on the SROSS-C satellite. The improvements include enhancements of the on-board memory and a better measurement of the background spectra after a burst event. These improvements led to the discovery of twelve candidate events detected up to 15 February 1995, out of a total of 993 triggers.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov"/> The SROSS-C2 spacecraft is one of the satellites included in the [[InterPlanetary Network|Interplanetary Network]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/|title=IPN3 Home Page}}</ref> The SROSS C2 satellite also used an [[RCA 1802|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor for the GRB experiment.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1997A%26A...322..778K/0000780.000.html|title=Recent gamma-ray burst observations from the SROSS-C2 satellite|date=7 Aug 1995|website=The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System|bibcode=1997A&A...322..778K}}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Latest revision as of 09:43, 22 April 2022
| Manufacturer | ISRO |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | India |
| Operator | ISRO |
| Applications | Gamma ray astronomy |
| Specifications | |
| Launch mass | 106–150 kilograms (234–331 lb) |
| Power | ~100 watts |
| Batteries | Ni-Cd |
| Equipment | Gamma-Ray Burst Retarded Potential Analyser[citation needed] |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Design life | 2 years |
| Dimensions | |
| Production | |
| Status | Retired |
| Built | 4 |
| Launched | 4 |
| Retired | 1 |
| Lost | 3 |
| Maiden launch | SROSS-A 24 March 1987 |
| Last launch | SROSS-C2 4 May 1994 |
| Related spacecraft | |
| Derived from | Rohini |
The Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation as follow ons to the Rohini Satellites[1] for conducting astrophysics, Earth Remote Sensing, and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.[2] These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle.[1]
Satellites in series[edit | edit source]
SROSS A And SROSS B[edit | edit source]
The first two satellites in the series did not make it into orbit due to launch vehicle failure. SROSS-A carried two retro-reflectors for laser tracking.[1] SROSS-B carried two instruments; a West German Monocular Electro Optical Stereo Scanner (MEOSS) and ISRO's 20-3000keV Gamma-ray Burst Experiment (GRB).[1]
SROSS C[edit | edit source]
The third, SROSS 3 (also known as SROSS C), attained a lower-than-planned orbit on 20 May 1992. The GRB monitored celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range 20–3000 keV. SROSS C and C2 carried a gamma-ray burst (GRB) experiment and a Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) experiment. The GRB experiment operated from 25 May 1992 until reentry on 14 July 1992. The instrument consisted of a main and a redundant CsI(Na) scintillator operating in the energy range 20–3000 keV. The crystals were 76 mm (main) and 37 mm (redundant) in diameter. Each had a thickness of 12.5 mm. A 'burst mode' was triggered by the 100–1024 keV count rate exceeding a preset limit during a 256 or 1024 ms time integration. In this mode, 65 s of temporal and 2 s of spectral data prior to the trigger are stored, as well as the subsequent 16 s of spectral data and 204 s of temporal data. The low resolution data consists of two energy channels (20–100 keV and 100–1024 keV) from 65 s before the trigger to 204 s after the trigger in 256 ms integrations. The 20–1024 keV rates are also recorded with a 2 ms resolution for 1 s prior to 1 s after trigger and a 16 ms resolution for 1s prior to 8 s after the trigger. Energy spectra are conducted with a 124 channel PHA. Four pre-trigger spectra and 32 post-trigger spectra are recorded for every burst with a 512 ms integration time.[3] The RPA measured temperature, density and characteristics of electrons in the Earth's ionosphere.[1] The GRB experiment computer system used the RCA CDP1802 microprocessor.[4]
SROSS C2[edit | edit source]
SROSS-C2 was launched on 4 May 1994. The gamma ray burst experiments on board SROSS-C2 are an improved version of the GRB payload flown successfully on the SROSS-C satellite. The improvements include enhancements of the on-board memory and a better measurement of the background spectra after a burst event. These improvements led to the discovery of twelve candidate events detected up to 15 February 1995, out of a total of 993 triggers.[3] The SROSS-C2 spacecraft is one of the satellites included in the Interplanetary Network[5] The SROSS C2 satellite also used an RCA CDP1802 microprocessor for the GRB experiment.[6]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-04-11. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "SROSS". Archived from the original on December 28, 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Stretched Rohini Satellite Series 3 & C2".
- ↑ "Cosmic gamma ray bursts - Recent developments and observations from SROSS satellites" (PDF). Current Science Research Journal. 10 Nov 1995.
- ↑ "IPN3 Home Page".
- ↑ "Recent gamma-ray burst observations from the SROSS-C2 satellite". The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. 7 Aug 1995. Bibcode:1997A&A...322..778K.
