Economy of Gujarat

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Economy of Gujarat
GauravPath1.jpg
Surat
CurrencyIndian Rupee ₹
1 April – 31 March
Statistics
GDP₹19.44 lakh crore (US$270 billion) (2021–22)[1]
₹22.03 lakh crore (US$310 billion) (2022–23 est.)[1]
GDP rank3rd
GDP growth
17.4% (2021–22)[1]
13.3% (2022–23 est.)[1]
GDP per capita
₹241,507 (US$3,400) (2020–21)[1]
GDP per capita rank
10th
GDP by sector
Agriculture: 20%
Industry: 43%
Services: 37% (2020–21)[1]
Population below poverty line
Template:Decreasepositive 15% in poverty (2019–20)[2]
Increase 0.672 medium (2019) (21st)[3]
UnemploymentPositive decrease 3.9% (Nov 2020)[4]
Main industries
Increase 2nd (very easy, 2021)[5]
External
ExportsIncrease US$126.8 billion (2021-2022)[6]
Export goods
FDI stock
₹20,169 crore (US$2.8 billion) (2020-21)[7]
Public finances
15.88% of GSDP (2022–23 est.)[1]
₹−36,113 crore (US$−5.1 billion) 1.64% of GSDP (2022–23 est.)[1]
Revenues₹1.82 lakh crore (US$26 billion)(2022–23 est.)[1]
Expenses₹2.18 lakh crore (US$31 billion)(2022–23 est.)[1]

The economy of Gujarat, a state in Western India, has significant agricultural as well as industrial production within India. Major agricultural produce of the state includes cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), dates, sugar cane, milk and milk products. Gujarat is one of the most industrialised states, with significant presence in pharma, chemicals, refining and petrochemicals, ceramics, textiles, automobile etc. sectors. Gujarat recorded the lowest unemployment rate in India in 2015, with 1.2% of the labour force being unemployed.[8]

Gujarat is ranked number one in the pharmaceutical industry in India, with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.[9]

Gujarat has the longest coastline in India (1,600 km [990 mi]), and its ports (both private and public sector) handle around 40% of India's ocean cargo, with Mundra Port located in Gulf of Kutch being the largest port of India by cargo handled (144 million tons) due to its favorable location on the westernmost part of India and closeness to global shipping lanes. Gujarat also contributes around 20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports.

Contribution

The world's largest ship breaking yard is in Gujarat near Bhavnagar at Alang.

Reliance Petroleum, one of the group companies of Reliance Industries Limited founded by Dhirubhai Ambani operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar which is the world's largest grass roots refinery.[10] The company has also planned another SEZ (special economic zone), in Jamnagar.[11][12]

Legatum Institute's Global Prosperity Index 2012 recognised Gujarat as the highest-scoring among all States of India on matters of social capital.

Data

Sectors

Year GDP

(in Bil. US$PPP)

GDP per capita

(in US$ PPP)

GDP

(in Bil. US$nominal)

GDP per capita

(in US$ nominal)

GDP growth

(real)

Inflation rate

(in Percent)

Unemployment

(in Percent)

Government debt

(in % of GDP)

1980 371.9 532.0 189.4 271.0 5.3% 11.3% n/a n/a
1981 431.5 603.2 196.5 274.7 6.0% 12.7% n/a n/a
1982 474.1 647.5 203.5 278.0 3.5% 7.7% n/a n/a
1983 528.6 705.3 222.0 296.3 7.3% 12.6% n/a n/a
1984 568.6 741.4 215.6 281.1 3.8% 6.5% n/a n/a
1985 617.4 787.1 237.6 302.9 5.3% 6.3% n/a n/a
1986 659.9 822.8 252.8 315.2 4.8% 8.9% n/a n/a
1987 703.0 857.7 283.8 346.2 4.0% 9.1% n/a n/a
1988 797.9 952.7 299.6 357.8 9.6% 7.2% n/a n/a
1989 878.5 1,027.0 301.2 352.2 5.9% 4.6% n/a n/a
1990 961.8 1,101.3 326.6 374.0 5.5% 11.2% n/a n/a
1991 1,004.8 1,127.4 274.8 308.4 1.1% 13.5% 5.6% 75.3%
1992 1,084.1 1,192.2 293.3 322.5 5.5% 9.9% 5.7% 77.4%
1993 1,162.5 1,253.5 284.2 306.4 4.8% 7.3% 5.7% 77.0%
1994 1,266.4 1,339.2 333.0 352.2 6.7% 10.3% 5.7% 73.5%
1995 1,390.8 1,442.9 366.6 380.3 7.6% 10.0% 5.8% 69.7%
1996 371.9 532.0 189.4 271.0 5.3% 11.3% n/a n/a
1997 431.5 603.2 196.5 274.7 6.0% 12.7% n/a n/a
1998 474.1 647.5 203.5 278.0 3.5% 7.7% n/a n/a
1999 528.6 705.3 222.0 296.3 7.3% 12.6% n/a n/a
2000 568.6 741.4 215.6 281.1 3.8% 6.5% n/a n/a
2001 617.4 787.1 237.6 302.9 5.3% 6.3% n/a n/a
2002 659.9 822.8 252.8 315.2 4.8% 8.9% n/a n/a
2003 703.0 857.7 283.8 346.2 4.0% 9.1% n/a n/a
2004 797.9 952.7 299.6 357.8 9.6% 7.2% n/a n/a
2005 878.5 1,027.0 301.2 352.2 5.9% 4.6% n/a n/a
2006 371.9 532.0 189.4 271.0 5.3% 11.3% n/a n/a
2007 431.5 603.2 196.5 274.7 6.0% 12.7% n/a n/a
2008 474.1 647.5 203.5 278.0 3.5% 7.7% n/a n/a
2009 528.6 705.3 222.0 296.3 7.3% 12.6% n/a n/a
2010 568.6 741.4 215.6 281.1 3.8% 6.5% n/a n/a
2011 617.4 787.1 237.6 302.9 5.3% 6.3% n/a n/a
2012 ₹6.16 trillion (US$86 billion) 822.8 252.8 315.2 4.8% 8.9% n/a n/a
2013 ₹7.24 trillion (US$100 billion) 857.7 283.8 346.2 4.0% 9.1% n/a n/a
2014 ₹8.08 trillion (US$110 billion) 952.7 299.6 357.8 9.6% 7.2% n/a n/a
2015 ₹9.22 trillion (US$130 billion) 1,027.0 301.2 352.2 5.9% 4.6% n/a n/a
2016 ₹10.25 trillion (US$140 billion) 532.0 189.4 271.0 5.3% 11.3% n/a n/a
2017 ₹11.67 trillion (US$160 billion) 603.2 196.5 274.7 6.0% 12.7% n/a n/a
2018 ₹13.29 trillion (US$190 billion) 647.5 203.5 278.0 3.5% 7.7% n/a n/a
2019 ₹14.92 trillion (US$210 billion) 705.3 222.0 296.3 7.3% 12.6% n/a n/a
2020 ₹16.3 trillion (US$230 billion) 741.4 215.6 281.1 3.8% 6.5% n/a n/a
2021 ₹18.8 trillion (US$260 billion) 787.1 237.6 302.9 5.3% 6.3% n/a n/a
2022 822.8 252.8 315.2 4.8% 8.9% n/a n/a
2023 n/a 857.7 283.8 346.2 4.0% 9.1% n/a n/a
2024 n/a 952.7 299.6 357.8 9.6% 7.2% n/a n/a
Sector[13] GVA (Rupees in Lakh) at current prices GVA (Rupees in Lakh) at 2011-12 prices
2019-20 % share 2019-20 % share
1 Primary Sector 27,617,048 19.37 18,973,486 17.39
1.1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing 22,282,348 15.63 14,245,950 13.06
1.11 Crops 13,956,699 9.79 8,962,827 8.21
1.12 Livestock 4,779,632 3.35 2,862,908 2.62
1.13 Forestry & logging 2,363,287 1.66 1,888,936 1.73
1.14 Fishing and aquaculture 1,182,730 0.83 531,280 0.49
1.2 Mining & quarrying 5,334,699 3.74 4,727,536 4.33
2 Secondary Sector 63,413,336 44.49 50,584,861 46.36
2.1 Manufacturing 51,064,957 35.82 40,892,857 37.48
2.2 Electricity, gas, water supply & other utility services 4,517,509 3.17 3,784,987 3.47
2.3 Construction 7,830,871 5.49 5,907,017 5.41
3 Tertairy Sector 51,512,119 36.14 39,549,816 36.25
3.1 Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants 18,051,035 12.66 14,616,582 13.40
3.11 Trade & repair services 18,051,035 12.66 14,616,582 13.40
3.2 Transport, storage, communication & services related to broadcasting 6,505,778 4.56 5,082,266 4.66
3.21 Railways 627,538 0.44 415,391 0.38
3.22 Services incidental to transport 3,851,614 2.70 3,281,339 3.01
3.26 Storage 79,223 0.06 52,051 0.05
3.27 Communication & services related to broadcasting 1,947,403 1.37 1,333,485 1.22
3.3 Financial services 7,646,745 5.36 6,273,832 5.75
3.4 Real estate, ownership of dwelling & professional services 8,470,228 5.94 5,926,791 5.43
3.5 Public administration & defence 5,010,315 3.51 3,617,774 3.32
3.6 Other services 5,828,016 4.09 4,032,571 3.70
GVA at basic prices 142,542,503 109,108,163

Industrial

One of India's most industrialized states, Gujarat maintains a variety of industries, the principal ones being general and electrical engineering and the manufacture of textiles, vegetable oils, chemicals, soda ash, and cement. New industries include the production of fertilizers and petrochemicals. Major resources produced by the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugarcane, and petrol. The state is rich in calcite, gypsum, manganese, lignite, bauxite, limestone, agate, feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Gujarat produces about 91% of India's required amount of soda ash and gives the country about 66% of its national requirement of salt. Chemical Industries in Gujarat count for more than 35% of Indian Chemicals production.

In recent years, Gujarat has gained a prominent place in India's automobile industry, with several automobile plants being set up in the state - Suzuki Motor Gujarat in Hansalpur near Ahmedabad, Tata Motors and Ford India in Sanand, MG Motor, Hero Motocorp, JCB in Halol, Honda Motors and Scooters India in Vithalapur, etc.

It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. Kalol Khambat and Ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Dhuvaran has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil and gas. The Tarapur nuclear station in Maharashtra supplies the remaining power. Also on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometers southeast of Bhavnagar, is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). General Motors produces the ‘Astra’ car at Halol near Vadodara. Jalalpur is a large town of Gujarat, where several small and large textile industrial units have been established. Surat, a city by the Gulf of Khambat, is a hub of the global diamond trade.

During the period 1960–1990, Gujarat established itself as a leader in various industrial sectors including textiles, engineering, chemicals, petrochemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals, dairy, cement and ceramics, and gems and jewellery. The post-liberalization period saw Gujarat's state domestic product (SDP) rising at an average growth rate of 14% per annum in real terms (from 1994 to 2002).

Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar and Vapi are the hub of chemical industries in the state, having number of manufacturing units (private as well as state owned) manufacturing dyes, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, pigments, colors, etc. Rajkot city is the hub of engineering manufacturing and has many companies manufacturing auto components, auto engines, CNC machines, forging & casting parts, etc. The state operating companies like GNFC, GSPC, GSFC, GMDC are a few among flagship companies of the state.

Agriculture

Gujarat is the largest producer of major cash crop like cotton, groundnut, tobacco, cumin, sesamum, etc. in India. Other major crops produced are rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, tur and gram. Gujarat has an agricultural economy the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.

Animal husbandry and dairying have played a vital role in the rural economy of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a cooperative basis and has more than a million members. Gujarat is the largest processor of milk in India. Amul milk co-operative federation products are well known all over India and is Asia's biggest dairy.[14] Among livestock raised are buffalo and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 209.70 lakh livestock in Gujarat state. As per the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002–03 the Gujarat produced 6.09 million tonnes of milk, 385 million eggs and 2.71 million kg of wool. Gujarat also contributes inputs to industries like textiles, oil and soap.

Automobile

After Tata Motors relocated the Nano manufacturing plant to Sanand, a small town near Ahmedabad, Gujarat has emerged as a car manufacturing hub.[15] Major multinational automobile companies like Suzuki Motor, Ford India, Honda and Hero MotoCorp have plants in operation in Gujarat.[16] Gujarat also leads in upcoming hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturing facilities. Suzuki, in partnership with Denso and Toshiba, is building a lithium ion battery manufacturing facility at a cost of 1700 crore. Suzuki is planning to launch electric cars as well as electric bikes by 2020.[17] The India-based JSW Group has signed an agreement to invest Rs 4000 crore to promote manufacturing electric vehicles in the state, which includes vehicle manufacturing, production of batteries, and storage solutions. MG Motors, a subsidiary of China's largest automobile company SAIC Motors, has bought General Motors' manufacturing facility in Halol, Gujarat, and is planning to start production by 2019. Tata Motors is also planning to produce electric cars from its Sanand plant.[18]

Pharmaceutical

Gujarat is ranked number one in the pharmaceutical industry in India, with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.[9]

Banking and finance

Gujarat has one of the best banking networks in the country and the banking business in the state is well supported by the thriving trade, commerce and industries.

The country’s first international financial services centre (IFSC) at Gujarat International Finance-Tec City (GIFT City) in Gandhinagar, when American multinational IBM inaugurated the IBM Software Labs at GIFT-IFSC. Conceptualized a decade and half ago as an IFSC, the pace of growth, participation and investment at GIFT City has seen unprecedented growth in the past three years. Institutions such as Bank of America,Standard Chartered Bank, Hongkong & Shanghai Bank Corporation Ltd, Citibank NA, Barclays Bank, Deutsche Bank, and JPMorgan Chase Bank National Association have set up IFSC Banking Units (IBUs) in GIFT city,Gujarat.By January 2021, the total banking transactions already reached $51 billion at GIFT IFSC. With GIFT City offering opportunities to foreign banks to book India-linked offshore businesses, more players are setting foot in Gujarat.[19]

State Government revenue and spending

Article 246[20] of the Indian Constitution, distributes legislative powers including taxation, between the Parliament of India and the State Legislature.[20]

The constitution does not have provision for the central government and the States to have concurrent power of taxation.[21] The tables below lists the thirteen taxes to be levied by the Central government and nineteen taxes by States including Gujarat.[21]

Central government of India

SL. No. Taxes as per Union List
82 Income tax: Taxes on income other than agricultural income.
83 Custom Duty: Duties of customs including export duties
84 Excise Duty: Duties of excise on the following goods manufactured or produced in India namely (a)Petroleum crude (b)high speed diesel (c)motor spirit (commonly known as petrol) (d)natural gas (e) aviation turbine fuel and (f)Tobacco and tobacco products
85 Corporation Tax
86 Taxes on capital value of assets, exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies, taxes on capital of companies
87 Estate duty in respect of property other than agricultural land
88 Duties in respect of succession to property other than agricultural land
89 Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on railway fares and freight.
90 Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and futures markets
92A Taxes on sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce
92B Taxes on the consignment of goods in the course of inter-State trade or commerce
97 All residuary types of taxes not listed in any of the three lists of Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution

[22]

State governments

SL. No. Taxes as per State List
45 Land revenue, including the assessment and collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues etc.
46 Taxes on agricultural income
47 Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land.
48 Estate Duty in respect of agricultural land
49 Taxes on lands and buildings.
50 Taxes on mineral rights.
51 Duties of excise for following goods manufactured or produced within the State (i) alcoholic liquors for human consumption, and (ii) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics.
53 Electricity Duty:Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity[23]
54 Taxes on sale of petroleum crude, high speed diesel, motor spirit (commonly known as petrol), Natural gas aviation turbine fuel and alcohol liquor for human consumption but not including sale in the course of inter state or commerce or sale in the source of international trade or commerce such goods.
56 Taxes on goods and passengers carried by roads or on inland waterways.
57 Taxes on vehicles suitable for use on roads.
58 Taxes on animals and boats.
59 Tolls.
60 Taxes on profession, trades, callings and employments.
61 Capitation taxes.
62 Taxes on entertainment and amusements to be extent levied and collected by a panchayat or Municipality or a regional council or a district council.
63 Stamp duty

Goods and Services Tax

The tax came into effect from 1 July 2017 through the implementation of the One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India by the Indian government. The GST replaced existing multiple taxes levied by the central and state governments. It an indirect tax (or consumption tax) used on the supply of goods and services. It is a comprehensive, multistage, destination-based tax: comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few state taxes. Multi-staged as it is, the GST is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer and as a destination-based tax, it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.

Economy of regions

Districts of Gujarat, 2013
Rank[24] City Name District Population GDP GDP per capita Literacy
1 Ahmedabad Ahmedabad 6,357,693 $68 billion 92.30 %
2 Surat Surat 5,935,000 $59.9 billion 87.74 %
3 Vadodara Vadodara 2,065,771 $10.7 thousand[25] 78.92
4 Rajkot Rajkot 1,390,640
5 Bhavnagar Bhavnagar 605,882
6 Jamnagar Jamnagar 479,920
7 Junagadh Junagadh 319,462
8 Gandhinagar Gandhinagar 292,167
9 Gandhidham Kutch 248,705
10 Nadiad Kheda 225,071
11 Morbi Morbi 210,451
12 Anand Anand 209,410
13 Mehsana Mehsana 190,753
14 Surendranagar Dudhrej Surendranagar 177,851
15 Veraval Gir Somnath 171,121
16 Navsari Navsari 171,109
17 Bharuch Bharuch 169,007
18 Vapi Valsad 163,630
19 Porbandar Porbandar 152,760
20 Bhuj Kutch

Energy

Energy is an essential building block in the economic development of Gujarat . In an effort to meet the demands of rapid industrialization, the energy sector of Gujarat has undergone significant growth in past few years. Areas like resource exploration, capacity additions and sectoral reforms have been revolutionized. The energy sector can be categorized primarily in to Power, Oil & Gas respectively. The power sector includes generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The power sector has grown considerably over the years and is able to support infrastructure development in the state. As far as oil & gas sector is concerned, the state has major contribution in areas of exploration & production, LNG terminal infrastructure, pipeline networks, refining, petro marketing and city gas distribution.

Electricity

Electricity generation for the state of Gujarat is handled by the Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited. The major distributors of electricity in Gujarat are Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Ltd., Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Ltd., Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. and Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.. These institutions are subsidiaries of Guvnl with the transmission of electricity of handled by Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited.

Installed Capacity

The total installed capacity of Gujarat is 42208 MegaWatt (MW). Most of the electricity in Gujarat is generated through coal. Hydropower is the second largest means of producing electricity in the state. Gujarat also has significant installed capacities of Natural Gas, Renewables and Nuclear power plants. As of 2021-22, the share of electricity generated through coal stands at 16302 MW with a percentage share of 40 percent. The share of Hydropower is at 41 percentage with a capacity of 16588 MW. The contribution of Natural gas stands at 16 percent with a capacity of 6587 MW. The installed capacity of Renewable energy is 2 percent with a capacity of 772 MW. Finally, 559 MW is capacitated by Nuclear Power having a share of 1 percentage.[26][27]

Renewable Energy

Main article: Solar power in Gujarat

As of March 31, 2022 the installed capacity of Renewable Energy sources of Gujarat is 13578 MW. The installed capacity of Wind energy stands at 6662 MW, Solar energy has an installed capacity of 6717 MW and other Renewable sources stand at 199 MW.[26]

The locations of major solar parks in Gujarat have been mentioned in Solar power in Gujarat page.

Nuclear Energy

Currently, the state of Gujarat has an installed Nuclear Power capacity of 559 MW.[28] The only Nuclear power plant in Gujarat is the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station.

The two existing units at the Kakrapar atomic power station feature pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWR) of 220MW capacity each. As of May 2020, unit one of the Kakrapar atomic power station generated 30,683 million units of electricity while unit two produced 32,442 million units[29]

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Gujarat
From top and L-R: Sabarmati Ashram, Gujarati attire, Somnath Temple, Rann of Kutch, Dwarkadhish Temple, Statue of Unity, Laxmi Vilas Palace at Vadodara.

India's first world heritage city, Ahemdabad, is in Gujarat. Gujarat is the sixth largest state in India, located in the western part of India, with a coastline of 1,600 km (990 mi) (the longest in India). It is one of the most popular states in the country, with an annual footfall of 19.81 million tourists in 2010–11.[30] Gujarat offers scenic beauty from Great Rann of Kutch to the hills of Saputara. It is the world's sole home of pure Asiatic lions.[31]

During the Sultanate reign, Hindu craftsmanship mixed with Islamic architecture, giving rise to the Indo-Saracenic style. Many structures in the state are built in this fashion.

It is also the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the great iconic figures of India's Independence movement.

Amitabh Bachchan is currently the brand ambassador of Gujarat Tourism. The ‘Khushboo Gujarat Ki' campaign by Amitabh Bachchan has grown tourism in Gujarat by 14 per cent, twice the national growth rate.[32]

The Statue of Unity has emerged as a major tourist destination in Gujarat. It attracted average 15,036 visitors in the month of November, 2019.[33][34]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Gujarat Budget Analysis 2022-23". PRS Legislative. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  2. ↑ "SDGs India Index". NITI Aayog. 31 December 2019.
  3. ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  4. ↑ "Unemployment Rate in India". Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. p. 1. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  5. ↑ "Gujarat climbs to second spot on ease of doing business list | Ahmedabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. Jul 1, 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  6. ↑ "Gujarat tops in share of India's exports, aided by soaring petroleum product prices". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  7. ↑ "FDI". Indian Express. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Indian Economy At a Glance [Infographic] - Quickonomics". Quickonomics. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Despite Covid-19, fresh investments flowing into Gujarat's Pharma Sector". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  10. ↑ "Milestones". Archived from the original on April 23, 2006. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  11. ↑ "India talking of Gujarat's SEZ model: Narendra Modi". domain-b.com. 2006-11-02. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  12. ↑ "Mukesh Ambani wants to build another ShanghaiReal Estate - Indiatimes". Realestate.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  13. ↑ "Economy of Gujarat - StatisticsTimes.com". statisticstimes.com. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  14. ↑ Mitul Thakkar, TNN Sep 14, 2006, 12.53am IST (2006-09-14). "Amul to become world's largest liquid milk brand – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ PTI (2017-07-13). "Nano project led to Gujarat as car manufacturing hub: Ratan Tata – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  16. ↑ Ketan Thakkar (2018-02-09). "Gujarat set to become the Detroit of India – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  17. ↑ Ketan Thakkar (2018-07-05). "Not just cars, Suzuki to bring in electric bikes – Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  18. ↑ Maulik Pathak, Amrit Raj (2017-09-28). "Gujarat set to become India's first electric vehicle hub – Livemint". livemint.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  19. ↑ May 28, Niyati Parikh / TNN / Updated:; 2022; Ist, 07:03. "8 International Banks Set Up Offices At Gift City | Ahmedabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2022-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA". Act of 26 November 1949.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Distribution of Powers between Centre, States and Local Governments, archived from the original on 11 June 2007, retrieved 2009-04-18
  22. ↑ "Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation - Government Of India". mospi.nic.in. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  23. ↑ "THE KERALA ELECTRICITY DUTY ACT, 1963". ACT 23 of 1963 (PDF).
  24. ↑ "District wise Statistics | NITI Aayog, (National Institution for Transforming India), Government of India". niti aayog. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  25. ↑ "Metroverse | Harvard Growth Lab". metroverse.cid.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Western Region Load Dispatch Centre Annual MIS Report 2021-22, Western Region Load Dispatch Centre
  27. ↑ "Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission 22nd Annual Report (English)" (PDF). Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission. 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ↑ "Ministry of Power, Annual Report 2021-22" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ↑ "Kakrapar Atomic Power Plant Expansion - NS Energy". Retrieved 2022-11-06.
  30. ↑ "Statement Showing The Details of Tourist ?Visited Gujarat During The Year 2010-11" (PDF). Gujaratourism.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  31. ↑ "Vice President Ansari arrives at Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, IBN Live News". Ibnlive.in.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  32. ↑ Our Bureau. "Business Line : Industry & Economy / Economy : TAAI award for Gujarat Tourism". Thehindubusinessline.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  33. ↑ "Statue of Unity gets more visitors daily than Statue of Liberty: SSNNL". @businessline. Archived from the original on 2020-06-20. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  34. ↑ "With 15k visitors a day, Statue of Unity overtakes Statue of Liberty". The Times of India. December 7, 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-06-20. Retrieved 2020-06-20.

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