Aligarh Muslim University: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox university
{{Infobox university
| name                 = Aligarh Muslim University
| name                   = Aligarh Muslim University
| native_name           =  
| native_name           =  
| native_name_lang     = ur
| native_name_lang       = ur
| image_size           = 200px
| image_size             = 200px
| image                 = Aligarh Muslim University logo.png
| image                 = Aligarh Muslim University logo.png
| caption               =  
| caption               =  
| motto                 = ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|ʻallam al-insān-a mā lam yaʻlam}}''
| motto                 = ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|ʻallam al-insān-a mā lam yaʻlam}}''
| motto_lang           = ar
| motto_lang             = ar
| mottoeng             = Taught man what he knew not (Qur'an 96:5)
| mottoeng               = Taught man what he knew not (Qur'an 96:5)
| founders             = [[Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]]
| founders               = [[Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]]
| established           = {{Start date and age|1875}}
| established           = {{Start date and age|1875}}
| type                 = [[Public University|Public]]
| type                   = [[Public University|Public]]
| budget               = {{INRConvert|1036|c}} (2019–20)<ref>https://api.amu.ac.in/storage//file/10132/file_management/1608550072.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
| budget                 = {{INRConvert|1036|c}} (2019–20)<ref>{{cite web |title=Details of Expenditure - Classification for Budget Estimates 2019-20 |url=https://api.amu.ac.in/storage//file/10132/file_management/1608550072.pdf |website=Aligarh Muslim University}}</ref>
| chancellor           = [[Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin]]
| chancellor             = [[Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin]]
| president             =  
| president             =  
| provost               =  
| provost               =  
| vice_chancellor       = [[Tariq Mansoor]]
| vice_chancellor       = [[Mohammad Gulrez]]
| rector               = [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]
| rector                 = [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]
| principal             =  
| principal             =  
| dean                 =  
| dean                   =  
| students              = 18,618<ref name=NIRFData>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020|title=NIRF India – Aligarh Muslim University|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2020/pdf/University/IR-O-U-0496.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918231713/https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2020/pdf/University/IR-O-U-0496.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021|website=}}</ref>
| students               = 39,367
| undergrad            = 12,610<ref name=NIRFData />
| undergrad             = 12,610<ref name=NIRFData>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020|title=NIRF India – Aligarh Muslim University|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2020/pdf/University/IR-O-U-0496.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918231713/https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2020/pdf/University/IR-O-U-0496.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021|website=}}</ref>
| postgrad             = 5,756<ref name=NIRFData />
| postgrad               = 5,756<ref name=NIRFData />
| doctoral             = 252<ref name=NIRFData />
| doctoral               = 252<ref name=NIRFData />
| city                 = [[Aligarh]]
| city                   = [[Aligarh]]
| state                 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| state                 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country               = India
| country               = India
| campus               = Urban, {{cvt|1155|acre}}
| campus                 = Urban, {{cvt|1155|acre}}
| former_names         = [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] (1875–1919)
| former_names           = [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] (1875–1919)
| colours               = {{color box|#15701B}}{{color box|#FFFFFF}}{{color box|#980E21}}
| colours               = {{color box|#15701B}}{{color box|#FFFFFF}}{{color box|#980E21}}
| other_name           = AMU
| other_name             = AMU
| mascot               =  
| mascot                 =  
| website               = {{URL|https://www.amu.ac.in/}}
| website               = {{URL|https://www.amu.ac.in/}}
| logo                 =  
| logo                   =  
| footnotes             =  
| footnotes             =  
| image_name           =  
| image_name             =  
| administrative_staff =  
| administrative_staff   =  
| faculty               =  
| faculty               =  
| academic_affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
| academic_affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
| coordinates           = {{coord|27.9150|78.0788|type:edu_region:IN-UP|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates           = {{coord|27.9150|78.0788|type:edu_region:IN-UP|display=inline,title}}
}}
}}
{{Aligarh Movement}}
{{Aligarh Movement}}


'''Aligarh Muslim University''' (abbreviated as '''AMU''') is a [[Public University|public]] [[Central University (India)|central university]] in [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, which was originally established by [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]] as the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the [[Aligarh Muslim University Act]]. It has three off-campus centres in [[AMU Malappuram Campus]] ([[Kerala]]), AMU [[Murshidabad]] centre ([[West Bengal]]), and [[Kishanganj]] Centre ([[Bihar]]).
'''Aligarh Muslim University''' (abbreviated as '''AMU''') is a [[Public University|public]] [[Central University (India)|central university]] in [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, which was originally established by [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]] as the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in 1875.<ref name=Raychaudhuri2021>{{cite book |last1=Raychaudhuri |first1=Sreerup |title=The Roots and Development of Particle Physics in India |date=2021 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-80305-6 |pages=19–52 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBQ-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48 |language=en |chapter=3. Reformers and educators}}</ref><ref name="Devine1998">{{cite book |last1=Devine |first1=Mary Elizabeth |last2=Summerfield |first2=Carol |title=International Dictionary of University Histories |date=1998 |publisher=Routledge |location=Chicago |isbn=1884964230 |pages=18–20 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tntEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|language=en |chapter=Aligarh Muslim University}}</ref> Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920,<ref name=Raychaudhuri2021/> following the [[Aligarh Muslim University Act]]. It has three off-campus centres in [[AMU Malappuram Campus]] ([[Kerala]]), [[AMU Murshidabad Centre]] ([[West Bengal]]), and [https://www.amu.ac.in/amucentres/amu-kishanganj-centre Kishanganj Centre] ([[Bihar]]).
 
The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education, and is an institute of national importance as declared under seventh schedule of the [[Constitution of India]] at its commencement.
The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education, and is an institute of national importance as declared under seventh schedule of the [[Constitution of India]] at its commencement.
The university has been ranked 801–1000 in the ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' of 2021,<ref name=Rankings_QS_W_2021/> and 10 among universities in India by the ''[[National Institutional Ranking Framework]]'' in 2021.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_U_2021 /> Various clubs and societies function under the aegis of the university and it has various notable academicians, literary figures, politicians, jurists, lawyers, and sportspeople, among others, as its alumni.


== History ==
== History ==
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=== Funding ===
=== Funding ===
The university was established as the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in 1875 by [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]],<ref name="Chambers">"Aligarh" in ''[[Chambers's Encyclopædia]]''. London: [[George Newnes Ltd|George Newnes]], 1961, Vol. 1, p. 267.</ref><ref name="Moj2015">{{cite book|author=Muhammad Moj|title=The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLi2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|year=2015|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-78308-388-6|pages=47–|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204203433/https://books.google.com/books?id=TLi2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|archive-date=4 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> starting functioning on 24 May 1875.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmYjnGDHPFwC|title=Cementing Ethics with Modernism: An Appraisal of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan's Writings|date=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=9788121210478|language=en|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226053738/https://books.google.com/books?id=kmYjnGDHPFwC|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The movement associated with Syed Ahmad Khan and the college came to be known as the [[Aligarh Movement]], which pushed to realise the need for establishing a modern education system for the Indian Muslim populace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-and-aligarh-movement-1444624799-1|title=Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement|website=Jagranjosh.com|date=12 October 2015|access-date=2016-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821090515/http://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-and-aligarh-movement-1444624799-1|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He considered competence in English and Western sciences necessary skills for maintaining Muslims' political influence.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} Khan's vision for the college was based on his visit to [[Oxford University]] and [[Cambridge University]], and he wanted to establish an education system similar to the British model.<ref name="amu history">{{cite web|title=AMU History|url=http://www.amu.ac.in/amuhistory.jsp|publisher=Aligarh Muslim University|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414124657/http://www.amu.ac.in/amuhistory.jsp|archive-date=14 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The university was established as the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in 1875 by [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref name=Raychaudhuri2021/><ref name="Moj2015">{{cite book|author=Muhammad Moj|title=The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLi2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|year=2015|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-78308-388-6|pages=47–|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204203433/https://books.google.com/books?id=TLi2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|archive-date=4 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It began to function on 24 May 1875.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmYjnGDHPFwC|title=Cementing Ethics with Modernism: An Appraisal of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan's Writings|date=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=9788121210478|language=en|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226053738/https://books.google.com/books?id=kmYjnGDHPFwC|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The movement associated with Syed Ahmad Khan and the college came to be known as the [[Aligarh Movement]], which pushed to realise the need for establishing a modern education system for the Indian Muslim populace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-and-aligarh-movement-1444624799-1|title=Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement|website=Jagranjosh.com|date=12 October 2015|access-date=2016-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821090515/http://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-and-aligarh-movement-1444624799-1|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He considered competence in English and Western sciences necessary skills for maintaining Muslims' political influence.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} Khan's vision for the college was based on his visit to [[Oxford University]] and [[Cambridge University]], and he wanted to establish an education system similar to the British model.<ref name="amu history">{{cite web|title=AMU History|url=http://www.amu.ac.in/amuhistory.jsp|publisher=Aligarh Muslim University|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414124657/http://www.amu.ac.in/amuhistory.jsp|archive-date=14 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>


A committee was formed by the name of foundation of Muslim College and asked people to fund generously. Then Viceroy and Governor General of India, [[Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook|Thomas Baring]] gave a donation of {{INR}}10,000 while the Lt. Governor of the North Western Provinces contributed {{INR}}1,000, and by March 1874 funds for the college stood at {{INR}}1,53,920 and 8 [[Indian anna|annas]].<ref name=":0" /> Maharao Raja Mahamdar Singh Mahamder Bahadur of Patiala contributed {{INR}}58,000 while Raja Shambhu Narayan of Benaras donated {{INR}}60,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/amu-toasts-its-links-with-bhu-on-sir-syeds-bi-centenary-1548129.html|title=AMU Celebrates Its Links With BHU on Sir Syed's Bi-centenary|website=www.news18.com|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064544/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/amu-toasts-its-links-with-bhu-on-sir-syeds-bi-centenary-1548129.html|archive-date=9 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Donations also came in from the Maharaja of [[Vizianagaram]] as well.<ref>
A committee was formed by the name of foundation of Muslim College and asked people to fund generously. Then Viceroy and Governor General of India, [[Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook|Thomas Baring]] gave a donation of {{INR}}10,000 while the Lt. Governor of the North Western Provinces contributed {{INR}}1,000, and by March 1874 funds for the college stood at {{INR}}1,53,920 and 8 [[Indian anna|annas]].<ref name=":0" /> Maharao Raja Mahamdar Singh Mahamder Bahadur of Patiala contributed {{INR}}58,000 while Raja Shambhu Narayan of Benaras donated {{INR}}60,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/amu-toasts-its-links-with-bhu-on-sir-syeds-bi-centenary-1548129.html|title=AMU Celebrates Its Links With BHU on Sir Syed's Bi-centenary|website=www.news18.com|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064544/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/amu-toasts-its-links-with-bhu-on-sir-syeds-bi-centenary-1548129.html|archive-date=9 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Donations also came in from the Maharaja of [[Vizianagaram]] as well.<ref>
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=== Establishment as university ===
=== Establishment as university ===
[[File:Aligarh Muslim University Masjid.jpg|thumb|200px|Masjid at the Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[File:Aligarh Muslim University Masjid.jpg|thumb|200px|Masjid at the Aligarh Muslim University]]
Circa 1900, Muslim University Association was formed to spearhead efforts to transform the college into a university. The Government of India informed the association that a sum of rupees thirty lakhs should be collected to establish the university. Therefore, a Muslim University Foundation Committee was started and it collected the necessary funds. The contributions were made by Muslims as well as non-Muslims.<ref name="Azeez Basha">{{cite web |title = S. Azeez Basha And Anr vs Union Of India on 20 October, 1967 |author = Express Tribune |url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1801897/ |access-date = 1 January 2020 }}</ref> [[Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan]] and [[Aga Khan III]] had helped in realising the idea by collecting funds for building the Aligarh Muslim University.<ref name="Aga Khan">{{cite web |title = To sir with love: Aga Khan III&nbsp;– a tireless advocate for female education |author = Express Tribune |date = 2 November 2013 |url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/625925/to-sir-with-love-aga-khan-iii-a-tireless-advocate-for-female-education/ |access-date = 17 April 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020621/http://tribune.com.pk/story/625925/to-sir-with-love-aga-khan-iii-a-tireless-advocate-for-female-education/ |archive-date = 19 April 2014 |url-status = live }}</ref> With the MAO College as a nucleus, the Aligarh Muslim University was then established by the [[Aligarh Muslim University Act]], 1920.<ref name="amu history" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amu.ac.in/aboutamu.htm |title=Aligarh Muslim University |publisher=Amu.ac.in |access-date=8 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901221823/http://www.amu.ac.in/aboutamu.htm |archive-date=1 September 2011 }}</ref> In 1927, the [[Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged, Aligarh Muslim University]] was established and in the following year, a medical school was attached to the university. The college of [[unani medicine]], Ajmal Khan Tibbya College was established in 1927 with the Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College Hospital being established later in 1932.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/aktclibrary.jsp?did=10240 | title=History of Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, AMU | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820054116/https://www.amu.ac.in/aktclibrary.jsp?did=10240 | archive-date=20 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College And Hospital]] was established later in 1962 as a part of the university.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10146 | title=Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510202250/https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10146 | archive-date=10 May 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1935, the [[Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology]] was also established as a constituent of the university.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10147 | title=Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411235304/https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10147 | archive-date=11 April 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Circa|1900}}, Muslim University Association was formed to spearhead efforts to transform the college into a university. The Government of India informed the association that a sum of rupees thirty lakhs should be collected to establish the university. Therefore, a Muslim University Foundation Committee was started and it collected the necessary funds. The contributions were made by Muslims as well as non-Muslims.<ref name="Azeez Basha">{{cite web |title = S. Azeez Basha And Anr vs Union Of India on 20 October, 1967 |author = Express Tribune |url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1801897/ |access-date = 1 January 2020 }}</ref> [[Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan]] and [[Aga Khan III]] had helped in realising the idea by collecting funds for building the Aligarh Muslim University.<ref name="Aga Khan">{{cite web |title = To sir with love: Aga Khan III&nbsp;– a tireless advocate for female education |author = Express Tribune |date = 2 November 2013 |url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/625925/to-sir-with-love-aga-khan-iii-a-tireless-advocate-for-female-education/ |access-date = 17 April 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020621/http://tribune.com.pk/story/625925/to-sir-with-love-aga-khan-iii-a-tireless-advocate-for-female-education/ |archive-date = 19 April 2014 |url-status = live }}</ref> With the MAO College as a nucleus, the Aligarh Muslim University was then established by the [[Aligarh Muslim University Act]], 1920.<ref name="amu history" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amu.ac.in/aboutamu.htm |title=Aligarh Muslim University |publisher=Amu.ac.in |access-date=8 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901221823/http://www.amu.ac.in/aboutamu.htm |archive-date=1 September 2011 }}</ref> In 1927, the [[Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged, Aligarh Muslim University]] was established and in the following year, a medical school was attached to the university. The college of [[unani medicine]], Ajmal Khan Tibbya College was established in 1927 with the Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College Hospital being established later in 1932.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/aktclibrary.jsp?did=10240 | title=History of Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, AMU | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820054116/https://www.amu.ac.in/aktclibrary.jsp?did=10240 | archive-date=20 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College And Hospital]] was established later in 1962 as a part of the university.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10146 | title=Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510202250/https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10146 | archive-date=10 May 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1935, the [[Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology]] was also established as a constituent of the university.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10147 | title=Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411235304/https://www.amu.ac.in/principal.jsp?did=10147 | archive-date=11 April 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>


Before 1939, faculty members and students supported an all-India nationalist movement but after 1939, political sentiment shifted towards support for a Muslim separatist movement. Students and faculty members supported [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and the university came to be a center of the [[Pakistan Movement]].<ref>[[Mushirul Hasan]], "Nationalist and Separatist Trends in Aligarh, 1915–47," ''Indian Economic and Social History Review,'' (January 1985) 22#1 pp. 1–33</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/649960/flashback-aligarh-university-a-glorius-legacy|title=Flashback: Aligarh University – a glorius legacy|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=August 6, 2011}}</ref>
Before 1939, faculty members and students supported an all-India nationalist movement but after 1939, political sentiment shifted towards support for a Muslim separatist movement. Students and faculty members supported [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and the university came to be a center of the [[Pakistan Movement]].<ref>[[Mushirul Hasan]], "Nationalist and Separatist Trends in Aligarh, 1915–47," ''Indian Economic and Social History Review,'' (January 1985) 22#1 pp. 1–33</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/649960/flashback-aligarh-university-a-glorius-legacy|title=Flashback: Aligarh University – a glorius legacy|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=August 6, 2011}}</ref>
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</ref> One of his daughters was Mumtaz Jahan Haider, during whose tenure as principal, [[Abul Kalam Azad|Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad]] had visited the university and offered a grant of {{INR}}9,00,000. She was involved in the establishment of the Women's College, organised various extracurricular events, and reasserted the importance of education for Muslim women.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2019/06/13/mumtaz-jahan-haider-principal-aligarh/ |title=Mumtaz Jahan Haider: The First Principal Of Women's College Aligarh |last=Alvi |first=Albeena |date=13 June 2019 |work=Feminism in India |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621165611/https://feminisminindia.com/2019/06/13/mumtaz-jahan-haider-principal-aligarh/ |archive-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
</ref> One of his daughters was Mumtaz Jahan Haider, during whose tenure as principal, [[Abul Kalam Azad|Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad]] had visited the university and offered a grant of {{INR}}9,00,000. She was involved in the establishment of the Women's College, organised various extracurricular events, and reasserted the importance of education for Muslim women.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2019/06/13/mumtaz-jahan-haider-principal-aligarh/ |title=Mumtaz Jahan Haider: The First Principal Of Women's College Aligarh |last=Alvi |first=Albeena |date=13 June 2019 |work=Feminism in India |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621165611/https://feminisminindia.com/2019/06/13/mumtaz-jahan-haider-principal-aligarh/ |archive-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>


In 2014, then vice-chancellor [[Zameer Uddin Shah]] turned down a demand by female students to be allowed to use the [[Maulana Azad]] Library, which was males-only. Shah stated that the issue was not one of discipline, but of space as if girls were allowed in the library there would be "four times more boys", putting a strain on the library's capacity.
The professional courses are run with co-educational system. Girls students are accommodated in well established six Halls of residence where they have all facilities of living and studies. The Hostels inside these Halls are equipped with reading rooms, common rooms, sports facilities, dinning Hall etc.
<ref name=times>Eram Agha, [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/Girls-in-AMU-library-will-attract-boys-VC/articleshow/45101345.cms Girls in AMU library will ‘attract’ boys: VC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120222958/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/Girls-in-AMU-library-will-attract-boys-VC/articleshow/45101345.cms |date=20 November 2014 }}. [[The Times of India]], 11 November 2014.</ref><ref name=hindustan>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amu-v-c-under-fire-denies-banning-women-from-library/article1-1284978.aspx Irani slams AMU V-C over women in library remark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220235421/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amu-v-c-under-fire-denies-banning-women-from-library/article1-1284978.aspx |date=20 December 2014 }}. [[Hindustan Times]], 11 November 2014.</ref><ref name=deccan>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141125/nation-current-affairs/article/allow-entry-girls-inside-library-allahabad-high-court-amu Allow entry of girls inside library: Allahabad High Court to AMU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125180005/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141125/nation-current-affairs/article/allow-entry-girls-inside-library-allahabad-high-court-amu |date=25 November 2014 }}. [[Deccan Chronicle]], 25 November 2014.</ref> Although there was a separate library for the university's Women's College, it was not as well-stocked as the Maulana Azad Library<ref name=times /> [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Minister of Human Resource Development]], [[Smriti Irani]] decried Shah's defence as "an insult to daughters".<ref name=hindustan /> Responding to a petition filed by [[Human Rights Law Network]], the [[Allahabad High Court]] ruled in November 2014 that the university's ban on female students from using the library was unconstitutional, and that accommodations must be made to facilitate student's use regardless of gender.<ref name=deccan /><ref name=bbc>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30061046 India court library ban on women 'unconstitutional'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129194055/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30061046 |date=29 November 2014 }}. [[BBC News Online]], 14 November 2014.</ref> The Court gave the university time until 24 November 2014 to comply.<ref name=bbc />


=== Minority institution status ===
=== Minority institution status ===
Aligarh Muslim University is considered to be institution of national importance, under the seventh schedule of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(35).pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117202534/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(35).pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol9p21b.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073051/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol9p21b.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1967, a constitution bench of the Supreme Court had held that the university is not a minority educational institution protected under the Indian constitution; the verdict had been given in case to which the university was not a party.<ref name="minority1">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/amu-issue-referred-to-constitution-bench/article26252401.ece | title=AMU issue referred to Constitution Bench | work=The Hindu | date=12 February 2019 | access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> In 1981, an amendment was made to the Aligarh Muslim University Act, following which in 2006 the [[Allahabad High Court]] struck down the provision of the act which accorded the university minority educational institution status.<ref name="minority2">{{cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/minority-status-to-aligarh-muslim-university-supreme-court-refers-issue-to-7-judge-bench-2034103.html | title=Minority Status to Aligarh Muslim University to be Decided by Supreme Court's 7-judge Bench | work=News18 | date=12 February 2019 | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213125133/https://www.news18.com/news/india/minority-status-to-aligarh-muslim-university-supreme-court-refers-issue-to-7-judge-bench-2034103.html | archive-date=13 February 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2016, the Indian government stated that it would not appeal against the decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amu-row-centre-to-withdraw-upas-appeal-push-for-non-minority-status/1/634704.html|title=AMU row: Centre to withdraw UPAs appeal, push for non-minority status|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|access-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610130325/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amu-row-centre-to-withdraw-upas-appeal-push-for-non-minority-status/1/634704.html|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-government-seeks-more-time-from-sc-to-file-application-in-aligarh-muslim-university-case/articleshow/51682504.cms|title=Modi government seeks more time from SC to file application in Aligarh Muslim University case |newspaper=The Economic Times|date=4 April 2016|access-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629162009/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-government-seeks-more-time-from-sc-to-file-application-in-aligarh-muslim-university-case/articleshow/51682504.cms|archive-date=29 June 2016|url-status=live|last1=Rautray|first1=Samanwaya}}</ref> In February 2019, the issue was referred by the [[Supreme Court of India]] to a constitution bench of seven judges.<ref name="minority2"/><ref name="minority1"/>
Aligarh Muslim University is considered to be an institution of national importance, under the seventh schedule of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(35).pdf |title=Seventh Schedule (Article 246) List 1 - Union List |access-date=11 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117202534/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(35).pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol9p21b.htm |title=Constituent Assembly of India - Volume IX |date=30 August 1949 |access-date=11 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073051/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol9p21b.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1967, a constitution bench of the Supreme Court had held that the university is not a minority educational institution protected under the Indian constitution; the verdict had been given in case to which the university was not a party.<ref name="minority1">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/amu-issue-referred-to-constitution-bench/article26252401.ece | title=AMU issue referred to Constitution Bench | work=The Hindu | date=12 February 2019 | access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> In 1981, an amendment was made to the Aligarh Muslim University Act, following which in 2006 the [[Allahabad High Court]] struck down the provision of the act which accorded the university minority educational institution status.<ref name="minority2">{{cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/minority-status-to-aligarh-muslim-university-supreme-court-refers-issue-to-7-judge-bench-2034103.html | title=Minority Status to Aligarh Muslim University to be Decided by Supreme Court's 7-judge Bench | work=News18 | date=12 February 2019 | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213125133/https://www.news18.com/news/india/minority-status-to-aligarh-muslim-university-supreme-court-refers-issue-to-7-judge-bench-2034103.html | archive-date=13 February 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2016, the Indian government stated that it would not appeal against the decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amu-row-centre-to-withdraw-upas-appeal-push-for-non-minority-status/1/634704.html|title=AMU row: Centre to withdraw UPAs appeal, push for non-minority status|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|access-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610130325/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amu-row-centre-to-withdraw-upas-appeal-push-for-non-minority-status/1/634704.html|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-government-seeks-more-time-from-sc-to-file-application-in-aligarh-muslim-university-case/articleshow/51682504.cms|title=Modi government seeks more time from SC to file application in Aligarh Muslim University case |newspaper=The Economic Times|date=4 April 2016|access-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629162009/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-government-seeks-more-time-from-sc-to-file-application-in-aligarh-muslim-university-case/articleshow/51682504.cms|archive-date=29 June 2016|url-status=live|last1=Rautray|first1=Samanwaya}}</ref> In February 2019, the issue was referred by the [[Supreme Court of India]] to a constitution bench of seven judges.<ref name="minority2"/><ref name="minority1"/>


==Campus==
==Campus==
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Other notable buildings in the campus includes the [[Maulana Azad Library]], [[Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery, Aligarh Muslim University|Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery]], Kennedy Auditorium, Musa Dakri Museum, the Cultural Education Centre, [[Siddons Union Club|Siddons Debating Union Hall]] and Sir Syed House.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University {{!}}{{!}} Sir Syed Academy|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/ssacademy.jsp?did=10019&lid=About%20Us|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University {{!}}{{!}} Musa Dakri Museum|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/museum.jsp|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University time capsule update|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/aligarh-muslim-university-time-capsule-update/cid/1790983|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
Other notable buildings in the campus includes the [[Maulana Azad Library]], [[Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery, Aligarh Muslim University|Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery]], Kennedy Auditorium, Musa Dakri Museum, the Cultural Education Centre, [[Siddons Union Club|Siddons Debating Union Hall]] and Sir Syed House.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University {{!}}{{!}} Sir Syed Academy|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/ssacademy.jsp?did=10019&lid=About%20Us|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University {{!}}{{!}} Musa Dakri Museum|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/museum.jsp|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University time capsule update|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/aligarh-muslim-university-time-capsule-update/cid/1790983|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>


The main university gate is called Bab-e-Syed. In 2020 a new gate called Centenary Gate was built to celebrate the centenary year of the university.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AMU VC urged to name centenary gate after Sardar Patel or Ambedkar or Ashfaqullah Khan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/amu-vc-urged-to-name-centenary-gate-after-sardar-patel-or-ambedkar-or-ashfaqullah-khan/articleshow/78311143.cms|access-date=2020-11-26|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
The main university gate is called Bab-e-Syed. In 2020 a new gate called Centenary Gate was built to celebrate the centenary year of the university.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AMU VC urged to name centenary gate after Sardar Patel or Ambedkar or Ashfaqullah Khan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/amu-vc-urged-to-name-centenary-gate-after-sardar-patel-or-ambedkar-or-ashfaqullah-khan/articleshow/78311143.cms|access-date=2020-11-26|website=The Times of India|date=25 September 2020 }}</ref>


== Organisation and administration ==
== Organisation and administration ==
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===Faculties===
===Faculties===
[[File:Student_Union_Hall,_Aligarh_Muslim_University.jpg|thumb|Student Union Hall, Aligarh Muslim University]]
Aligarh Muslim University's academic departments are divided into 13 faculties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University - Faculties|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/faculties.jsp|access-date=2020-11-25|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref>
Aligarh Muslim University's academic departments are divided into 13 faculties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aligarh Muslim University - Faculties|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/faculties.jsp|access-date=2020-11-25|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref>


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In addition the university also maintains 15 Centres, 3 Institutes, 10 schools including [[Minto Circle]] and the [[Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged, Aligarh Muslim University|Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.amu.ac.in/faculties.jsp |title = Aligarh Muslim University&nbsp;– Faculties |publisher = Amu.ac.in |access-date = 2015-10-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150909043449/http://www.amu.ac.in/faculties.jsp |archive-date = 9 September 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> The university's [[Faculty of Theology, Aligarh Muslim University|Faculty of Theology]] has two departments, one for the [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] school of thought and another for the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] school of thought.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/ugc-s-audit-report-on-amu-demonstrates-its-ignorance-of-law/story-d736JowcfiGH1sAm33iGVM.html |title=UGC's audit report on AMU demonstrates its ignorance of law |last=Mustafa |first=Faizan |date=23 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128235502/https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/ugc-s-audit-report-on-amu-demonstrates-its-ignorance-of-law/story-d736JowcfiGH1sAm33iGVM.html |archive-date=28 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In addition the university also maintains 15 Centres, 3 Institutes, 10 schools including [[Minto Circle]] and the [[Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged, Aligarh Muslim University|Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.amu.ac.in/faculties.jsp |title = Aligarh Muslim University&nbsp;– Faculties |publisher = Amu.ac.in |access-date = 2015-10-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150909043449/http://www.amu.ac.in/faculties.jsp |archive-date = 9 September 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> The university's [[Faculty of Theology, Aligarh Muslim University|Faculty of Theology]] has two departments, one for the [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] school of thought and another for the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] school of thought.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/ugc-s-audit-report-on-amu-demonstrates-its-ignorance-of-law/story-d736JowcfiGH1sAm33iGVM.html |title=UGC's audit report on AMU demonstrates its ignorance of law |last=Mustafa |first=Faizan |date=23 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128235502/https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/ugc-s-audit-report-on-amu-demonstrates-its-ignorance-of-law/story-d736JowcfiGH1sAm33iGVM.html |archive-date=28 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Aligarh Muslim University has established three centres at [[Malappuram]] ([[Kerala]]; the [[AMU Malappuram Campus]]), [[Murshidabad]] ([[West Bengal]]) and [[Kishanganj]] ([[Bihar]]), while a site has been identified for [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], ([[Maharashtra]]) centre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 3, 2018|first=Shruti|last=Ganapatye|title=Aligarh Muslim University renews idea for campus in state|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/aligarh-muslim-university-renews-idea-for-campus-in-state/articleshow/66483651.cms|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref name="mp.amu.ac.in">{{cite web|url=http://mp.amu.ac.in/Information%20Bulletin_malapuram.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812234440/http://mp.amu.ac.in/Information%20Bulletin_malapuram.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>
Aligarh Muslim University has established three centres at [[Malappuram]] ([[Kerala]]; the [[AMU Malappuram Campus]]), [[Murshidabad]] ([[West Bengal]]) and [[Kishanganj]] ([[Bihar]]), while a site has been identified for [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], ([[Maharashtra]]) centre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 3, 2018|first=Shruti|last=Ganapatye|title=Aligarh Muslim University renews idea for campus in state|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/aligarh-muslim-university-renews-idea-for-campus-in-state/articleshow/66483651.cms|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref name="mp.amu.ac.in">{{cite web|url=http://mp.amu.ac.in/Information%20Bulletin_malapuram.pdf |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University - |title=Special Brochure for AMU Murshidabad and Malappuram Centres |access-date=2014-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812234440/http://mp.amu.ac.in/Information%20Bulletin_malapuram.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>


== Academics ==
== Academics ==
[[File:Hostel,_aligargh_Muslim_University,_Aligarh.jpg|thumb|Hostel, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh]]


===Courses===
===Courses===
Aligarh Musilim University offers over 300 degrees and is organised around 12 faculties offering courses in a range of technical and vocational subjects, as well as interdisciplinary subjects. In 2011, it opened two new centres in West Bengal and Kerala for the study of MBAs and Integrated Law.
Aligarh Musilim University offers over 300 degrees and is organised around 12 faculties offering courses in a range of technical and vocational subjects, as well as interdisciplinary subjects. In 2011, it opened two new centres in West Bengal and Kerala for the study of MBAs and Integrated Law.
The university has around 28,000 students and a faculty of almost 1,500 teaching staff. Students are drawn from all states in India and several different countries, with most of its international students coming from Africa, West Asia and Southeast Asia. Admission into the university is entrance based.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-17|title=Aligarh Muslim University|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/aligarh-muslim-university|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref>
The university has around 28,000 students and a faculty of almost 1,500 teaching staff. Students are drawn from all states in India and several different countries, with most of its international students coming from Africa, West Asia and Southeast Asia. Admission into the university is entrance based.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-17|title=Aligarh Muslim University|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/aligarh-muslim-university|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Straghey_Hall,_Aligarh_Muslim_University,_Aligarh.jpg|thumb|Straghey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh]]


=== Rankings ===
=== Rankings ===
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| type = University and College
| type = University and College
<!----------International---------->
<!----------International---------->
| ARWU_W_2020 = 801-900
| ARWU_W_2022 = 801–900
| THE_W_2021 = 801–1000
| THE_W_2023 = 801–1000
| THES_A_2020 = 201–250
| THES_A_2022 = 201–250
| THES_E_2020 = 201–250
| THES_E_2022 = 251–300
| QS_W_2021 = 801–1000
| QS_W_2023 = 1001–1200
| QS_A_2020 = 251–260
| QS_A_2023 = 271–280
| QS_BRICS_2019 = 138
<!----------General---------->
<!----------General---------->
| NIRF_O_2021 = 18
| NIRF_O_2021 = 10
| NIRF_U_2021 = 10
| NIRF_U_2021 = 10
| WEEK_U_2019 = 6
| OUTLOOK_U_2020 = 9
| OUTLOOK_U_2020 = 14
<!----------Engineering---------->
<!----------Engineering---------->
| IT_E_2020 = 32
| IT_E_2020 = 32
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<!----------Law---------->
<!----------Law---------->
| NIRF_L_2021 = 11
| NIRF_L_2021 = 11
| IT_L_2019 = 8
<!----------Business---------->
<!----------Business---------->
| NIRF_B_2021 = 49
| NIRF_B_2021 = 49
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}}
}}


Internationally, AMU was ranked 801–1000 in the ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' of 2021.<ref name=Rankings_QS_W_2021/> The same rankings ranked it 251–260 in Asia in 2020<ref name=Rankings_QS_A_2020/> and 138 among [[BRICS]] nations in 2019.<ref name=Rankings_QS_BRICS_2019/> It was ranked 801–1000 in the world by the ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' of 2021,<ref name=Rankings_THE_W_2021/> 201–250 in Asia<ref name=Rankings_THES_A_2020/> and 201–250 among Emerging Economies in 2020.<ref name=Rankings_THES_E_2020/> It was ranked 18 in India overall by the ''[[National Institutional Ranking Framework]]'' in 2020<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_O_2021 /> and tenth among universities.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_U_2021 />
Internationally, AMU was ranked 1001–1200 in the ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' of 2023<ref name=Rankings_QS_W_2023/> and 271–280 in Asia.<ref name=Rankings_QS_A_2023/> It was ranked 801–1000 in the world by the ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' of 2023,<ref name=Rankings_THE_W_2023/> 201–250 in Asia in 2022<ref name=Rankings_THES_A_2022/> and 251–300 among emerging economies.<ref name=Rankings_THES_E_2022/> AMU was also ranked 901–1000 in the ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]'' of 2022.<ref name=Rankings_ARWU_W_2022/>
 
In India, AMU was ranked 18 overall by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2020<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_O_2021 /> and tenth among universities.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_U_2021 />


Among government engineering colleges, the Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, the engineering college of the university, was ranked 32 by ''[[India Today]]'' in 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best ENGINEERING Colleges 2020: List of Top ENGINEERING Colleges 2020 in India - Page31|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2020/ranks/1824927?page=31|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.indiatoday.in}}</ref> and 35 by the ''[[National Institutional Ranking Framework]]'' among engineering colleges in 2020.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_E_2021 />
Among government engineering colleges, the Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, the engineering college of the university, was ranked 32 by ''[[India Today]]'' in 2020<ref name=Rankings_IT_E_2020 /> and 35 by the ''[[National Institutional Ranking Framework]]'' among engineering colleges in 2020.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_E_2021 />


The [[Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University|Faculty of Law]] has ranked 11th in India by ''India Today'' in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best LAW Colleges 2020: List of Top LAW Colleges 2020 in India - Page10|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2020/ranks/1824929?page=10|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.indiatoday.in}}</ref> The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College]], the medical school of the university, has been ranked 19th by ''India Today'' in 2020.<ref name=Rankings_IT_M_2020 />
The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College]], the medical school of the university, has been ranked 19th by ''India Today'' in 2020.<ref name=Rankings_IT_M_2020 />


=== Libraries ===
=== Libraries ===
[[File:Maulana Azad Library.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University]]
{{Main|Maulana Azad Library}}
{{Main|Maulana Azad Library}}
[[File:Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University.jpg|thumb|right|Maulana Azad Library, AMU]]
The Maulana Azad Library is the primary library of the university, consisting of a central library and over 100 departmental and college libraries. It houses royal decrees of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperors such as Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan.<ref name="intoday1">{{cite web |url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-universities-rankings-2012-aligarh-muslim-university/1/189328.html |title = AMU at 5th spot on India Today Universities Rankings 2012 |publisher = Indiatoday.intoday.in |access-date = 2015-10-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120521174913/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-universities-rankings-2012-aligarh-muslim-university/1/189328.html |archive-date = 21 May 2012 |url-status = live }}</ref> The foundation of the library was laid in 1877 at the time of establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College by [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton]], then viceroy of India and it was named after him as Lytton Library. The present seven-storied building was inaugurated by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first prime Minister of independent India, in 1960 and the library was named after [[Abul Kalam Azad]], popularly known as Maulana Azad, the first education minister of the independent India.<ref name="intoday1" /><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.amu.ac.in/amulib.jsp?did=10066&lid=About%20the%20Library |title = Aligarh Muslim University &#124;&#124; M.A. Library |publisher = Amu.ac.in |access-date = 2015-10-01 }}</ref>
The Maulana Azad Library is the primary library of the university, consisting of a central library and over 100 departmental and college libraries. It houses royal decrees of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperors such as Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan.<ref name="intoday1">{{cite web |url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-universities-rankings-2012-aligarh-muslim-university/1/189328.html |title = AMU at 5th spot on India Today Universities Rankings 2012 |publisher = Indiatoday.intoday.in |access-date = 2015-10-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120521174913/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-universities-rankings-2012-aligarh-muslim-university/1/189328.html |archive-date = 21 May 2012 |url-status = live }}</ref> The foundation of the library was laid in 1877 at the time of establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College by [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton]], then viceroy of India and it was named after him as Lytton Library. The present seven-storied building was inaugurated by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first prime Minister of independent India, in 1960 and the library was named after [[Abul Kalam Azad]], popularly known as Maulana Azad, the first education minister of the independent India.<ref name="intoday1" /><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.amu.ac.in/amulib.jsp?did=10066&lid=About%20the%20Library |title = Aligarh Muslim University &#124;&#124; M.A. Library |publisher = Amu.ac.in |access-date = 2015-10-01 }}</ref>


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== Student life ==
== Student life ==
===AMU Journal===
[[File:AMU Journal Logo.jpg|thumb|right|Logo of AMU Journal]]
AMU Journal is an independent student and alumni-run educational community and media organization,<ref>{{cite news |title=Aligarh Muslim University Student Start Online Portal to Disseminate AMU-Related News |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/aligarh-muslim-university-student-start-online-portal-to-disseminate-amu-related-news-4367276.html |access-date=6 November 2021|website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amujournal.com|title=oficial AMU Journal website |website=amujournal.com|access-date=2020-09-05}}</ref> it was started in the year 2016 by a group of AMU Students to raise campus issues and to provide News and information about Happening Events inside the university but later it became an educational community. On 17 October 2021 AMU Journal website was re-launched by [[Public relations officer]], Proctor and Deputy Proctor, Aligarh Muslim University in collaboration with the Training and Placement Office, AMU.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aligarh Muslim University launches student run AMU journal's website |url=https://news.careers360.com/aligarh-muslim-university-launches-student-run-amu-journal-website |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
=== Traditions ===
=== Traditions ===
[[Sherwani]] is worn by male students of the university and is a traditional attire of the university. It is required to be worn during official programs<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2012jun16/lt_gen_zameeruddin_shah_reviving_%25E2%2580%2598sherwani_culture%25E2%2580%2599_amu.html#.VwVXX0997IU|title=Is Lt Gen Zameeruddin Shah reviving 'Sherwani Culture' in AMU?|website=TwoCircles.net|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014235422/http://twocircles.net/2012jun16/lt_gen_zameeruddin_shah_reviving_%25E2%2580%2598sherwani_culture%25E2%2580%2599_amu.html#.VwVXX0997IU|archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The university provides sherwanis at a subsidized price.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-amu-students-wearing-sherwani-no-issue/1111631/|title=For AMU students, wearing sherwani no issue |website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504224610/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-amu-students-wearing-sherwani-no-issue/1111631/|archive-date=4 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2013, [[Zameer Uddin Shah]], the then Vice Chancellor of the university, insisted that male students have to wear sherwani if they wanted to meet him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/689270/this-isnt-the-first-time-the-aligarh-muslim-university-vc-has-said-something-outrageous|title=This isn't the first time the Aligarh Muslim University VC has said something outrageous|last=Bhalla|first=Sahil|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417174009/http://scroll.in/article/689270/this-isnt-the-first-time-the-aligarh-muslim-university-vc-has-said-something-outrageous|archive-date=17 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Sherwani]] is worn by male students of the university and is a traditional attire of the university. It is required to be worn during official programs<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2012jun16/lt_gen_zameeruddin_shah_reviving_%25E2%2580%2598sherwani_culture%25E2%2580%2599_amu.html#.VwVXX0997IU|title=Is Lt Gen Zameeruddin Shah reviving 'Sherwani Culture' in AMU?|website=TwoCircles.net|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014235422/http://twocircles.net/2012jun16/lt_gen_zameeruddin_shah_reviving_%25E2%2580%2598sherwani_culture%25E2%2580%2599_amu.html#.VwVXX0997IU|archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The university provides sherwanis at a subsidized price.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-amu-students-wearing-sherwani-no-issue/1111631/|title=For AMU students, wearing sherwani no issue |website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504224610/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-amu-students-wearing-sherwani-no-issue/1111631/|archive-date=4 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2013, [[Zameer Uddin Shah]], the then Vice Chancellor of the university, insisted that male students have to wear sherwani if they wanted to meet him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/689270/this-isnt-the-first-time-the-aligarh-muslim-university-vc-has-said-something-outrageous|title=This isn't the first time the Aligarh Muslim University VC has said something outrageous|last=Bhalla|first=Sahil|website=Scroll.in|date=11 November 2014 |language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417174009/http://scroll.in/article/689270/this-isnt-the-first-time-the-aligarh-muslim-university-vc-has-said-something-outrageous|archive-date=17 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>


The AMU Tarana or anthem was composed by poet and university student [[Majaz]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=AMU Tarana or Anthem|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/pdf/taranaeng.pdf|website=Aligarh Muslim University}}</ref> It is an abridged version of Majaz's 1933 poem "Narz-e-Aligarh".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full nazm by Asrarul Haq Majaz|url=https://www.rekhta.org/nazms/nazr-e-aligadh-sarshaar-e-nigaah-e-nargis-huun-paa-basta-e-gesu-e-sumbul-huun-asrarul-haq-majaz-nazms|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Rekhta}}</ref> In 1955, Khan Ishtiaq Mohammad, a university student, composed the song and it was adopted as the official anthem of the university. The song is played during every function at the university along with the National Anthem.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 17, 2015|first=Eram |last=Agha|title=Majaz's Tarana gets a remix |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/Majazs-Tarana-gets-a-remix/articleshow/49427341.cms|access-date=2020-11-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
The AMU Tarana or anthem was composed by poet and university student [[Majaz]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=AMU Tarana or Anthem|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/pdf/taranaeng.pdf|website=Aligarh Muslim University}}</ref> It is an abridged version of Majaz's 1933 poem "Narz-e-Aligarh".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full nazm by Asrarul Haq Majaz|url=https://www.rekhta.org/nazms/nazr-e-aligadh-sarshaar-e-nigaah-e-nargis-huun-paa-basta-e-gesu-e-sumbul-huun-asrarul-haq-majaz-nazms|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Rekhta}}</ref> In 1955, Khan Ishtiaq Mohammad, a university student, composed the song and it was adopted as the official anthem of the university. The song is played during every function at the university along with the National Anthem.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 17, 2015|first=Eram |last=Agha|title=Majaz's Tarana gets a remix |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/Majazs-Tarana-gets-a-remix/articleshow/49427341.cms|access-date=2020-11-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
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===Clubs and societies===
===Clubs and societies===
The university has sports and cultural clubs functioning under its aegis. The [[Siddons Union Club]] is the debating club of the university.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amusu.in/the-siddons-union-club/|title=The Siddons Union Club|date=20 February 2019}}</ref> It was established in the year 1884 and was named after [[Henry George Impey Siddons]], the first principal of the MAO college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/AMU-A-students-union-with-no-party-allegiance/articleshow/44927377.cms|title=AMU: A students' union with no party allegiance |date=October 24, 2014|first=Eram |last=Agha |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811202442/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/AMU-A-students-union-with-no-party-allegiance/articleshow/44927377.cms|archive-date=11 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It has hosted a politicians, writers, Nobel laureates, players, and journalists, including the [[Dalai Lama]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Abul Kalam Azad]], [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/hall-of-free-speech-at-centre-of-portrait-row/cid/1344249|title=Hall of free speech at centre of portrait row|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref> Sporting clubs include the [[Cricket Club, Aligarh Muslim University]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=je7DBAAAQBAJ|title=A Corner of a Foreign Field: The Indian History of a British Sport|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|date=2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=9789351186939|language=en|access-date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528205243/https://books.google.com/books?id=je7DBAAAQBAJ|archive-date=28 May 2016|url-status=live|edition=New and Updated}}</ref> and the [[Muslim University Riding Club]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/galloping-to-glory/article1491063.ece|title=Galloping to glory|date=2011-02-26|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-04-06}}</ref>
The university has sports and cultural clubs functioning under its aegis. The [[Siddons Union Club]] is the debating club of the university.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amusu.in/the-siddons-union-club/|title=The Siddons Union Club|date=20 February 2019}}</ref> It was established in the year 1884 and was named after [[Henry George Impey Siddons]], the first principal of the MAO college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/AMU-A-students-union-with-no-party-allegiance/articleshow/44927377.cms|title=AMU: A students' union with no party allegiance |date=October 24, 2014|first=Eram |last=Agha |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811202442/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/AMU-A-students-union-with-no-party-allegiance/articleshow/44927377.cms|archive-date=11 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It has hosted politicians, writers, Nobel laureates, players, and journalists, including the [[Dalai Lama]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Abul Kalam Azad]], [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/hall-of-free-speech-at-centre-of-portrait-row/cid/1344249|title=Hall of free speech at centre of portrait row|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref> Sporting clubs include the [[Cricket Club, Aligarh Muslim University]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=je7DBAAAQBAJ|title=A Corner of a Foreign Field: The Indian History of a British Sport|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|date=2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=9789351186939|language=en|access-date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528205243/https://books.google.com/books?id=je7DBAAAQBAJ|archive-date=28 May 2016|url-status=live|edition=New and Updated}}</ref> and the [[Muslim University Riding Club]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/galloping-to-glory/article1491063.ece|title=Galloping to glory|date=2011-02-26|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-04-06}}</ref>


The Raleigh Literary Society of the university hosts competitive events, plays, and performances,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://thetheatretimes.com/contemporary-adaptations-amus-raleigh-literary-societys-waiting-godot-hayadavana/ | title=Political Adaptations: Raleigh Literary Society's "Waiting for Godot" and "Hayadavana" | work=The Theatre Times | date=8 December 2016 | access-date=2 October 2019 | author=Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914173404/https://thetheatretimes.com/contemporary-adaptations-amus-raleigh-literary-societys-waiting-godot-hayadavana/ | archive-date=14 September 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.aapkatimes.com/raleigh-literary-society-of-amu-organises-a-series-of-competitions/ | title=Raleigh Literary Society of AMU organises a series of competitions | work=Aapka Times | date=25 February 2017 | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102014148/http://www.aapkatimes.com/raleigh-literary-society-of-amu-organises-a-series-of-competitions/ | archive-date=2 November 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> including performances of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays.<ref name= "Raleigh">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/aligarh-and-its-shakespeare-wallahs/article8505088.ece | title=Aligarh and its Shakespeare wallahs | work=The Hindu | date=22 April 2016 | access-date=2 October 2019 | author=Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424103813/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/aligarh-and-its-shakespeare-wallahs/article8505088.ece | archive-date=24 April 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> The society is named after [[Shakespeare]] critic [[Walter Raleigh (professor)|Sir Walter Raleigh]], who had served as the English professor at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College from 1885 to 1887.<ref name= "Raleigh"/>
The Raleigh Literary Society of the university hosts competitive events, plays, and performances,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://thetheatretimes.com/contemporary-adaptations-amus-raleigh-literary-societys-waiting-godot-hayadavana/ | title=Political Adaptations: Raleigh Literary Society's "Waiting for Godot" and "Hayadavana" | work=The Theatre Times | date=8 December 2016 | access-date=2 October 2019 | author=Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914173404/https://thetheatretimes.com/contemporary-adaptations-amus-raleigh-literary-societys-waiting-godot-hayadavana/ | archive-date=14 September 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.aapkatimes.com/raleigh-literary-society-of-amu-organises-a-series-of-competitions/ | title=Raleigh Literary Society of AMU organises a series of competitions | work=Aapka Times | date=25 February 2017 | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102014148/http://www.aapkatimes.com/raleigh-literary-society-of-amu-organises-a-series-of-competitions/ | archive-date=2 November 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> including performances of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays.<ref name= "Raleigh">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/aligarh-and-its-shakespeare-wallahs/article8505088.ece | title=Aligarh and its Shakespeare wallahs | work=The Hindu | date=22 April 2016 | access-date=2 October 2019 | author=Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424103813/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/aligarh-and-its-shakespeare-wallahs/article8505088.ece | archive-date=24 April 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> The society is named after [[Shakespeare]] critic [[Walter Raleigh (professor)|Sir Walter Raleigh]], who had served as the English professor at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College from 1885 to 1887.<ref name= "Raleigh"/>


The [[The Law Society (Aligarh Muslim University)|Law Society]] of the university was founded in 1894 as a non-profit student organization. The society publishes law reviews and organizes events, both academic and social, from annual fest to freshers social and farewell party for final year students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/lawsociety.jsp?did=10206&lid=About|title=Aligarh Muslim University &#124;&#124; Law Society|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/aligarh-muslim-university-vice-chancellor-releases-law-society-review-and-newsletter/|title=Aligarh Muslim University Vice Chancellor releases Law Society Review and Newsletter|work=India Education Diary Bureau|date=1 November 2019}}</ref>
The [[The Law Society (Aligarh Muslim University)|Law Society]] of the university was founded in 1894 as a non-profit student organization. The society publishes law reviews and organizes events, both academic and social, from annual fest to freshers social and farewell party for final year students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amu.ac.in/lawsociety.jsp?did=10206&lid=About|title=Aligarh Muslim University &#124;&#124; Law Society|website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/aligarh-muslim-university-vice-chancellor-releases-law-society-review-and-newsletter/|title=Aligarh Muslim University Vice Chancellor releases Law Society Review and Newsletter|work=India Education Diary Bureau|date=1 November 2019}}</ref>
===AMU Journal===
[[File:AMU Journal Logo.jpg|thumb|right|Logo of AMU Journal]]
AMU Journal is an independent student and alumni-run educational community and media organization,<ref>{{cite news |title=Aligarh Muslim University Student Start Online Portal to Disseminate AMU-Related News |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/aligarh-muslim-university-student-start-online-portal-to-disseminate-amu-related-news-4367276.html |access-date=6 November 2021|website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amujournal.com|title=oficial AMU Journal website |website=amujournal.com|access-date=2020-09-05}}</ref> it was started in the year 2016 by a group of AMU Students to raise campus issues and to provide News and information about Happening Events inside the university but later it became an educational community. On 17 October 2021 AMU Journal website was re-launched by [[Public relations officer]], Proctor and Deputy Proctor, Aligarh Muslim University in collaboration with the Training and Placement Office, AMU.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aligarh Muslim University launches student run AMU journal's website |url=https://news.careers360.com/aligarh-muslim-university-launches-student-run-amu-journal-website |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>


===Cultural festivals===
===Cultural festivals===
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*AMU Kishanganj Centre, Bihar
*AMU Kishanganj Centre, Bihar


== Notable alumni and faculties ==
== Notable alumni and faculty ==
{{Main|List of Aligarh Muslim University alumni|Category:Aligarh Muslim University faculty|List of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University}}
{{Main|List of Aligarh Muslim University alumni|Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University|List of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University}}
Following is a list of alumni from the university.<ref>https://www.amu.ac.in/pdf/Alumni.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
Following is a list of alumni from the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominent Alumni Aligarh Muslim University |url=https://www.amu.ac.in/pdf/Alumni.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713225953/http://www.amu.ac.in/pdf/Alumni.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2015 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref>
*Alumni from the field of literature and cinema include – [[Hakim Ahmad Shuja]], [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]], [[Syed Mujtaba Ali]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beaninspirer.com/syed-mujtaba-ali-pioneer-language-movement/|title=Syed Mujtaba Ali – the Pioneer of the Language Movement &#124; BeAnInspirer|date=13 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/literature/syed-mujtaba-ali-rebel-5464|title = Syed Mujtaba Ali as a Rebel|date = 7 March 2015}}</ref> [[Anubhav Sinha]], [[Naseeruddin Shah|NaseerUddin Shah]], [[Hasrat Mohani]], [[Ahmed Ali (writer)|Ahmed Ali]] and [[Wadeh Rashid Hasani Nadwi]].
*Alumni from the field of literature and cinema include – [[Hakim Ahmad Shuja]], [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]], [[Syed Mujtaba Ali]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beaninspirer.com/syed-mujtaba-ali-pioneer-language-movement/|title=Syed Mujtaba Ali – the Pioneer of the Language Movement &#124; BeAnInspirer|date=13 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/literature/syed-mujtaba-ali-rebel-5464|title = Syed Mujtaba Ali as a Rebel|date = 7 March 2015}}</ref> [[Anubhav Sinha]], [[Naseeruddin Shah|NaseerUddin Shah]], [[Hasrat Mohani]], [[Ahmed Ali (writer)|Ahmed Ali]] and [[Wadeh Rashid Hasani Nadwi]].{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
*Alumni from the field of politics include – [[Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan]] KBE, first Muslim Premier of the Punjab; [[Tufail Ahmad Manglori|Maulvi Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori]], Indian independence activist and historian;<ref name="TMG2013">{{cite web |title=Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/9629-syed-tufail-ahmad-manglori/ |publisher=[[The Milli Gazette]] |access-date=3 November 2020 |language=en |date=26 November 2013}}</ref> [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]], second governor-general and second prime minister of Pakistan; [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]], second president of Pakistan; Malik Ghulam Mohammad, First finance minister of Pakistan and Governor General of Pakistan (1951–56) he was co-owner of Mahindra and Mohammed, now called Mahindra & Mahindra, Shri Liaqat Ali Khan, First Prime Minister of Pakistan, [[Mohamed Amin Didi]], first president of [[Maldives]]; [[M. A. G. Osmani|Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani]], Commander-in-chief of Bangladesh Forces during the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh War of Independence]]; [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]], third prime minister of [[Bangladesh]]; [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]], third president of India;<ref>{{cite web |title = Encyclopædia Britannica- Biography |url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zakir-Husain |website = Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date = 1 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002025213/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zakir-Husain |archive-date = 2 October 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]], an Indian independence activist; [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]], twelfth vice-president of India;<ref>{{cite web |title = Hamid Ansari: From diplomat to Vice-President |url = http://www.firstpost.com/politics/hamid-ansari-from-diplomat-to-vice-president-409707.html |website = [[Firstpost]] |date = 8 August 2012 |access-date = 1 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104155745/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/hamid-ansari-from-diplomat-to-vice-president-409707.html |archive-date = 4 November 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> [[Arif Mohammad Khan]], twenty-second governor of Kerala;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arif-mohammad-khan-a-good-orator/story-ewIGCiWZmQXb7T76e2D8NP.html|title=Arif Mohammad Khan a good orator|date=2019-09-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903203220/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arif-mohammad-khan-a-good-orator/story-ewIGCiWZmQXb7T76e2D8NP.html|archive-date=3 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anwara Taimur]] the first and yet only female chief minister of the Indian state of [[Assam]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sevendiary.com/anwara-taimur-lady-cm-assam/|title=Anwara Taimur&nbsp;– The First Lady CM of Assam|website=sevendiary.com|date=21 February 2013|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713231116/http://sevendiary.com/anwara-taimur-lady-cm-assam/|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sheikh Abdullah]] and [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], respectively third and sixth chief minister of the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]];<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah | encyclopedia=Britannica | publisher=Britannia | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Muhammad-Abdullah | access-date=3 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331034648/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Muhammad-Abdullah | archive-date=31 March 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-life-and-career-of-mufti-mohammad-sayeed-302599-2016-01-07 | title=The life and career of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed | work=India Today | date=7 January 2016 | access-date=3 October 2019 | location=Jammu}}</ref> and [[Sahib Singh Verma]], fourth chief minister of the Indian union territory of [[Delhi]].
*Alumni from the field of politics include – [[Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan]] KBE, first Muslim Premier of the Punjab; [[Tufail Ahmad Manglori|Maulvi Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori]], Indian independence activist and historian;<ref name="TMG2013">{{cite web |title=Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/9629-syed-tufail-ahmad-manglori/ |publisher=[[The Milli Gazette]] |access-date=3 November 2020 |language=en |date=26 November 2013}}</ref> Sir [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]], second governor-general and second prime minister of Pakistan; [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]], second president of Pakistan; Mian Fahim Ud-Din, First Military Accountant General of Pakistan; Malik Ghulam Mohammad, First finance minister of Pakistan and Governor General of Pakistan (1951–56) he was co-owner of Mahindra and Mohammed, now called Mahindra & Mahindra, Shri Liaqat Ali Khan, First Prime Minister of Pakistan, [[Mohamed Amin Didi]], first president of [[Maldives]]; [[M. A. G. Osmani|Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani]], Commander-in-chief of Bangladesh Forces during the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh War of Independence]]; [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]], third prime minister of [[Bangladesh]]; [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]], third president of India;<ref>{{cite web |title = Encyclopædia Britannica- Biography |url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zakir-Husain |website = Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date = 1 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002025213/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zakir-Husain |archive-date = 2 October 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]], an Indian independence activist; [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]], twelfth vice-president of India;<ref>{{cite web |title = Hamid Ansari: From diplomat to Vice-President |url = http://www.firstpost.com/politics/hamid-ansari-from-diplomat-to-vice-president-409707.html |website = Firstpost |date = 8 August 2012 |access-date = 1 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104155745/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/hamid-ansari-from-diplomat-to-vice-president-409707.html |archive-date = 4 November 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> [[Arif Mohammad Khan]], twenty-second governor of Kerala;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arif-mohammad-khan-a-good-orator/story-ewIGCiWZmQXb7T76e2D8NP.html|title=Arif Mohammad Khan a good orator|date=2019-09-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903203220/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arif-mohammad-khan-a-good-orator/story-ewIGCiWZmQXb7T76e2D8NP.html|archive-date=3 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anwara Taimur]] the first and yet only female chief minister of the Indian state of [[Assam]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sevendiary.com/anwara-taimur-lady-cm-assam/|title=Anwara Taimur&nbsp;– The First Lady CM of Assam|website=sevendiary.com|date=21 February 2013|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713231116/http://sevendiary.com/anwara-taimur-lady-cm-assam/|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sheikh Abdullah]] and [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], respectively third and sixth chief minister of the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]];<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah | encyclopedia=Britannica | publisher=Britannia | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Muhammad-Abdullah | access-date=3 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331034648/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Muhammad-Abdullah | archive-date=31 March 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-life-and-career-of-mufti-mohammad-sayeed-302599-2016-01-07 | title=The life and career of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed | work=India Today | date=7 January 2016 | access-date=3 October 2019 | location=Jammu}}</ref> and [[Sahib Singh Verma]], fourth chief minister of the Indian union territory of [[Delhi]].
*Alumni from the field of law include – Justice [[Baharul Islam]], Justice [[Ram Prakash Sethi]], Justice [[Saiyed Saghir Ahmad]], Justice [[Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali]] (all judges of Supreme Court of India), [[Farah Omar|Haji Farah Omar]], [[N. R. Madhava Menon]] & [[Faizan Mustafa]].
*Alumni from the field of law include – Justice [[Baharul Islam]], Justice [[Ram Prakash Sethi]], Justice [[Saiyed Saghir Ahmad]], Justice [[Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali]] (all judges of Supreme Court of India), [[Farah Omar|Haji Farah Omar]], [[N. R. Madhava Menon]] & [[Faizan Mustafa]].{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
*Alumni from the field of sports include – [[Dhyan Chand]], [[Lala Amarnath]] and [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Some hearts still beat for hockey here |url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/some-hearts-still-beat-for-hockey-here/1/136704.html |website = India Today |access-date = 1 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002114830/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/some-hearts-still-beat-for-hockey-here/1/136704.html |archive-date = 2 October 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> and Iranian footballers [[Majid Bishkar]] and [[Jamshid Nassiri]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|date=9 November 2018|url=http://www.goaldentimes.org/majid-bishkar-and-jamshid-nassiri/|title=Majid Bishkar And Jamshid Nassiri : Indian Football’s Iconic Iranian Duo|work=Goalden Times|accessdate=26 June 2021|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214204839/https://www.goaldentimes.org/majid-bishkar-and-jamshid-nassiri/}}</ref>
*Alumni from the field of science include – Professor [[Syed Ziaur Rahman]], Professor [[Bushra Ateeq]].{{cn|date=March 2023}}
*Alumni from the field of sports include – [[Dhyan Chand]], [[Lala Amarnath]] and [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Some hearts still beat for hockey here |url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/some-hearts-still-beat-for-hockey-here/1/136704.html |website = India Today |access-date = 1 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002114830/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/some-hearts-still-beat-for-hockey-here/1/136704.html |archive-date = 2 October 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> and Iranian footballers [[Majid Bishkar]] and [[Jamshid Nassiri]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|date=9 November 2018|url=http://www.goaldentimes.org/majid-bishkar-and-jamshid-nassiri/|title=Majid Bishkar And Jamshid Nassiri : Indian Football's Iconic Iranian Duo|work=Goalden Times|accessdate=26 June 2021|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214204839/https://www.goaldentimes.org/majid-bishkar-and-jamshid-nassiri/}}</ref>
*Alumni from the field of business and entrepreneurship include - [[Frank F Islam]].{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
*Other notable alumni include – Indian historian [[Mohammad Habib]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/amuhalls.jsp?did=10081 | title=Mohammad Habib Hall | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411205252/https://www.amu.ac.in/amuhalls.jsp?did=10081 | archive-date=11 April 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> French mathematician [[André Weil]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~aknapp/BorelOnWeil.pdf|title=Borel, Armand|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022714/http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~aknapp/BorelOnWeil.pdf|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Mufti Mohammad Sayeed – A suave politician|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-a-suave-politician/|website = The Indian Express|date = 2016-01-07|access-date = 2016-01-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109232503/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-a-suave-politician/|archive-date = 9 January 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> and [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]], the co-founder of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]].
*Other notable alumni include – Indian historian [[Mohammad Habib]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amu.ac.in/amuhalls.jsp?did=10081 | title=Mohammad Habib Hall | publisher=Aligarh Muslim University | access-date=2 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411205252/https://www.amu.ac.in/amuhalls.jsp?did=10081 | archive-date=11 April 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> French mathematician [[André Weil]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~aknapp/BorelOnWeil.pdf|title=Borel, Armand|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022714/http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~aknapp/BorelOnWeil.pdf|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Mufti Mohammad Sayeed – A suave politician|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-a-suave-politician/|website = The Indian Express|date = 2016-01-07|access-date = 2016-01-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109232503/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-a-suave-politician/|archive-date = 9 January 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> and [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]], the co-founder of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]].
*[[Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi]] Muslim scholar and historian who served as director of the Institute of Islamic Studies
*[[Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi]] Muslim scholar and historian who served as director of the Institute of Islamic Studies{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
*[[Bijan Abdolkarimi]] Iranian philosopher
*[[Bijan Abdolkarimi]] Iranian philosopher{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
*[[Naseem uz Zafar Baquiri]] Medical Practitioner, Poet
*[[Naseem uz Zafar Baquiri]] Medical Practitioner, Poet{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
*[[Tika Lal Taploo]] Lawyer
*[[Tika Lal Taploo]] Lawyer{{Cn|date=July 2022}}


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
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*{{Cite journal |last=Graff |first=Violette|title=Aligarh's Long Quest for 'Minority' Status: AMU (Amendment) Act, 1981|journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=11 August 1990 |volume=25 |issue=32 |pages=1771–1781|jstor = 4396615}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Graff |first=Violette|title=Aligarh's Long Quest for 'Minority' Status: AMU (Amendment) Act, 1981|journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=11 August 1990 |volume=25 |issue=32 |pages=1771–1781|jstor = 4396615}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Hasan |first1=Mushirul |last2=Qadri |first2=Mohd. Afzal Husain |title=Nationalist and separatist trends in Aligarh, 1915–47  |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |date=1 March 1985 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1177/001946468502200101|s2cid=144414983 }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Hasan |first1=Mushirul |last2=Qadri |first2=Mohd. Afzal Husain |title=Nationalist and separatist trends in Aligarh, 1915–47  |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |date=1 March 1985 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1177/001946468502200101|s2cid=144414983 }}
*[[Syed Mujtaba Ali]] Bangladeshi Writer
*{{Cite journal |last1=Minault |first1=Gail |last2=Lelyveld |first2=David |title=The Campaign for a Muslim University, 1898–1920 |year=1974|journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=145–189 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00005448|jstor=311636}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Minault |first1=Gail |last2=Lelyveld |first2=David |title=The Campaign for a Muslim University, 1898–1920 |year=1974|journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=145–189 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00005448|jstor=311636}}
*{{Cite news |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/history-of-aligarh-muslim-university/article8523802.ece |title=History of Aligarh Muslim University |last=Noorani |first=A. G. |date=13 May 2016 |work=The Frontline |access-date=2 October 2019}}
*{{Cite news |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/history-of-aligarh-muslim-university/article8523802.ece |title=History of Aligarh Muslim University |last=Noorani |first=A. G. |date=13 May 2016 |work=The Frontline |access-date=2 October 2019}}
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|40em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only -->
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only -->
{{Commons category|Aligarh Muslim University}}
 
* {{Official website|https://www.amu.ac.in/}}
* {{Official website|https://www.amu.ac.in/}}
*[https://www.amucontrollerexams.com/ AMU Controller of Exam for admission]
*[https://www.amucontrollerexams.com/ AMU Controller of Exam for admission]

Latest revision as of 19:36, 21 July 2023


Aligarh Muslim University
File:Aligarh Muslim University logo.png
Other name
AMU
Former names
Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (1875–1919)
Motto
ʻallam al-insān-a mā lam yaʻlam
Motto in English
Taught man what he knew not (Qur'an 96:5)
TypePublic
Established1875; 149 years ago (1875)
FoundersSir Syed Ahmed Khan
Academic affiliations
UGC, NAAC, AIU
Budget₹1,036 crore (US$150 million) (2019–20)[1]
ChancellorSyedna Mufaddal Saifuddin
Vice-ChancellorMohammad Gulrez
RectorGovernor of Uttar Pradesh
Students39,367
Undergraduates12,610[2]
Postgraduates5,756[2]
252[2]
Location
Aligarh
,
Uttar Pradesh
,
India

27°54′54″N 78°04′44″E / 27.9150°N 78.0788°E / 27.9150; 78.0788Coordinates: 27°54′54″N 78°04′44″E / 27.9150°N 78.0788°E / 27.9150; 78.0788
CampusUrban, 1,155 acres (467 ha)
Colours   
Websitewww.amu.ac.in
Part of a series on
Aligarh Movement
Syed Ahmed Khan.jpg
Notable ideas
Notable members
Notable institutes
Publications
Associated Movements

Aligarh Muslim University (abbreviated as AMU) is a public central university in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875.[3][4] Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920,[3] following the Aligarh Muslim University Act. It has three off-campus centres in AMU Malappuram Campus (Kerala), AMU Murshidabad Centre (West Bengal), and Kishanganj Centre (Bihar).

The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education, and is an institute of national importance as declared under seventh schedule of the Constitution of India at its commencement.

History

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the founder of Aligarh Muslim University
Bab-e-Syed, entrance to the university

Funding

The university was established as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.[3][5] It began to function on 24 May 1875.[6] The movement associated with Syed Ahmad Khan and the college came to be known as the Aligarh Movement, which pushed to realise the need for establishing a modern education system for the Indian Muslim populace.[7] He considered competence in English and Western sciences necessary skills for maintaining Muslims' political influence.[citation needed] Khan's vision for the college was based on his visit to Oxford University and Cambridge University, and he wanted to establish an education system similar to the British model.[8]

A committee was formed by the name of foundation of Muslim College and asked people to fund generously. Then Viceroy and Governor General of India, Thomas Baring gave a donation of ₹10,000 while the Lt. Governor of the North Western Provinces contributed ₹1,000, and by March 1874 funds for the college stood at ₹1,53,920 and 8 annas.[6] Maharao Raja Mahamdar Singh Mahamder Bahadur of Patiala contributed ₹58,000 while Raja Shambhu Narayan of Benaras donated ₹60,000.[9] Donations also came in from the Maharaja of Vizianagaram as well.[10] The college was initially affiliated to the University of Calcutta for the matriculate examination but became an affiliate of Allahabad University in 1885. [6] The seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, HEH Mir Osman Ali Khan made a remarkable donation of ₹5,00,000 to this institution in the year 1918. [11][12][13]

Establishment as university

Masjid at the Aligarh Muslim University

c. 1900, Muslim University Association was formed to spearhead efforts to transform the college into a university. The Government of India informed the association that a sum of rupees thirty lakhs should be collected to establish the university. Therefore, a Muslim University Foundation Committee was started and it collected the necessary funds. The contributions were made by Muslims as well as non-Muslims.[14] Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan and Aga Khan III had helped in realising the idea by collecting funds for building the Aligarh Muslim University.[15] With the MAO College as a nucleus, the Aligarh Muslim University was then established by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, 1920.[8][16] In 1927, the Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged, Aligarh Muslim University was established and in the following year, a medical school was attached to the university. The college of unani medicine, Ajmal Khan Tibbya College was established in 1927 with the Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College Hospital being established later in 1932.[17] The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College And Hospital was established later in 1962 as a part of the university.[18] In 1935, the Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology was also established as a constituent of the university.[19]

Before 1939, faculty members and students supported an all-India nationalist movement but after 1939, political sentiment shifted towards support for a Muslim separatist movement. Students and faculty members supported Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the university came to be a center of the Pakistan Movement.[20][21]

Women's education

Dr. Sheikh Abdullah ("Papa Mian") is the founder of the women's college of Aligarh Muslim University and had pressed for women's education, writing articles while also publishing a monthly women's magazine, Khatoon. To start the college for women, he had led a delegation to the Lt. Governor of the United Provinces while also writing a proposal to Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal. Begum Jahan had allocated a grant of ₹ 100 per month for the education of women. On 19 October 1906, he successfully started a school for girls with five students and one teacher at a rented property in Aligarh.[22] The foundation stone for the girls' hostel was laid by him and his wife, Waheed Jahan Begum ("Ala Bi") after struggles on 7 November 1911.[22] Later, a high school was established in 1921, gaining the status of an intermediate college in 1922, finally becoming a constituent of the Aligarh Muslim University as an undergraduate college in 1937.[23] Later, Dr. Abdullah's daughters also served as principals of the women's college.[22] One of his daughters was Mumtaz Jahan Haider, during whose tenure as principal, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad had visited the university and offered a grant of ₹9,00,000. She was involved in the establishment of the Women's College, organised various extracurricular events, and reasserted the importance of education for Muslim women.[24]

The professional courses are run with co-educational system. Girls students are accommodated in well established six Halls of residence where they have all facilities of living and studies. The Hostels inside these Halls are equipped with reading rooms, common rooms, sports facilities, dinning Hall etc.

Minority institution status

Aligarh Muslim University is considered to be an institution of national importance, under the seventh schedule of the Constitution of India.[25][26] In 1967, a constitution bench of the Supreme Court had held that the university is not a minority educational institution protected under the Indian constitution; the verdict had been given in case to which the university was not a party.[27] In 1981, an amendment was made to the Aligarh Muslim University Act, following which in 2006 the Allahabad High Court struck down the provision of the act which accorded the university minority educational institution status.[28] In April 2016, the Indian government stated that it would not appeal against the decision.[29][30] In February 2019, the issue was referred by the Supreme Court of India to a constitution bench of seven judges.[28][27]

Campus

Top: The Syedna Taher Saifuddin School. Left: Victoria Gate. Right: Sir Syed House.

The campus of Aligarh Muslim University is spread over 467.6 hectares in the city of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. The nearest railways station is the Aligarh Junction. It is a residential university with most of the staff and students residing on the campus. There are 19 halls of residence for students (13 for boys and 6 for girls) with 80 hostels.[31] The Halls are administered by a Provost and a number of teacher wardens who look after different hostels. Each Hall maintains a Dining Hall, a Common Room with facilities for indoor games, a Reading Room, Library, Sports Clubs and a Literary.[32] The Halls are named after people associated with the Aligarh Movement and the university.

Sir Syed Hall is the oldest Hall of the university. It houses many heritage buildings such as Strachey Hall, Mushtaq Manzil, Asman Manzil, Nizam Museum and Lytton Library, Victoria Gate, and Jama Masjid.[33]

The campus also maintains a cricket ground, Willingdon Pavilion, a synthetic hockey ground and a park, Gulastan-e-Syed.[34]

Other notable buildings in the campus includes the Maulana Azad Library, Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery, Kennedy Auditorium, Musa Dakri Museum, the Cultural Education Centre, Siddons Debating Union Hall and Sir Syed House.[35][36][37]

The main university gate is called Bab-e-Syed. In 2020 a new gate called Centenary Gate was built to celebrate the centenary year of the university.[38]

Organisation and administration

Governance

The university's formal head is the chancellor, though this is a titular figure, and is not involved with the day-to-day running of the university. The chancellor is elected by the members of the University Court. The university's chief executive is the vice-chancellor, appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the court. The court is the supreme governing body of the university and exercises all the powers of the university, not otherwise provided for by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, and the statutes, ordinances and regulations of the university.[39]

In 2018, Mufaddal Saifuddin was elected chancellor and Ibne Saeed Khan, the former Nawab of Chhatari was elected the pro-Chancellor. Syed Zillur Rahman was elected honorary treasurer.[40] On 17 May 2017, Tariq Mansoor assumed office as the 39th vice-chancellor of the university.[41]

Faculties

Student Union Hall, Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University's academic departments are divided into 13 faculties.[42]

Colleges

Aligarh Muslim University maintains 7 colleges.[43]

  • Women's College
  • Zakir Hussain College of Engineering & Technology
  • Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College
  • Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College
  • Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College
  • Community College
  • Academic Staff College

In addition the university also maintains 15 Centres, 3 Institutes, 10 schools including Minto Circle and the Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged[44] The university's Faculty of Theology has two departments, one for the Shi'a school of thought and another for the Sunni school of thought.[45]

Aligarh Muslim University has established three centres at Malappuram (Kerala; the AMU Malappuram Campus), Murshidabad (West Bengal) and Kishanganj (Bihar), while a site has been identified for Aurangabad, (Maharashtra) centre.[46][47]

Academics

Hostel, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Courses

Aligarh Musilim University offers over 300 degrees and is organised around 12 faculties offering courses in a range of technical and vocational subjects, as well as interdisciplinary subjects. In 2011, it opened two new centres in West Bengal and Kerala for the study of MBAs and Integrated Law. The university has around 28,000 students and a faculty of almost 1,500 teaching staff. Students are drawn from all states in India and several different countries, with most of its international students coming from Africa, West Asia and Southeast Asia. Admission into the university is entrance based.[48]

Straghey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Rankings

University and College rankings
General – India
Outlook India (Universities) (2020)[49]9
Engineering – India
India Today (2020)[50]32
Medical – India
India Today (2020)[51]19

Internationally, AMU was ranked 1001–1200 in the QS World University Rankings of 2023[52] and 271–280 in Asia.[53] It was ranked 801–1000 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023,[54] 201–250 in Asia in 2022[55] and 251–300 among emerging economies.[56] AMU was also ranked 901–1000 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2022.[57]

In India, AMU was ranked 18 overall by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2020[58] and tenth among universities.[59]

Among government engineering colleges, the Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, the engineering college of the university, was ranked 32 by India Today in 2020[50] and 35 by the National Institutional Ranking Framework among engineering colleges in 2020.[60]

The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, the medical school of the university, has been ranked 19th by India Today in 2020.[51]

Libraries

Main article: Maulana Azad Library
Maulana Azad Library, AMU

The Maulana Azad Library is the primary library of the university, consisting of a central library and over 100 departmental and college libraries. It houses royal decrees of Mughal emperors such as Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan.[61] The foundation of the library was laid in 1877 at the time of establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College by Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, then viceroy of India and it was named after him as Lytton Library. The present seven-storied building was inaugurated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime Minister of independent India, in 1960 and the library was named after Abul Kalam Azad, popularly known as Maulana Azad, the first education minister of the independent India.[61][62]

The social science cyber library was inaugurated by Pranab Mukherjee, then President of India, on 27 December 2013.[63] In 2015, it was accredited with the International Organization for Standardization certification.[64]

Student life

Traditions

Sherwani is worn by male students of the university and is a traditional attire of the university. It is required to be worn during official programs[65] The university provides sherwanis at a subsidized price.[66] In early 2013, Zameer Uddin Shah, the then Vice Chancellor of the university, insisted that male students have to wear sherwani if they wanted to meet him.[67]

The AMU Tarana or anthem was composed by poet and university student Majaz.[68] It is an abridged version of Majaz's 1933 poem "Narz-e-Aligarh".[69] In 1955, Khan Ishtiaq Mohammad, a university student, composed the song and it was adopted as the official anthem of the university. The song is played during every function at the university along with the National Anthem.[70]

Students' Union

Main article: Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union

Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union (AMUSU) is the university-wide representative body for students at the university. It is an elected body.

Clubs and societies

The university has sports and cultural clubs functioning under its aegis. The Siddons Union Club is the debating club of the university.[71] It was established in the year 1884 and was named after Henry George Impey Siddons, the first principal of the MAO college.[72] It has hosted politicians, writers, Nobel laureates, players, and journalists, including the Dalai Lama, Mahatma Gandhi, Abul Kalam Azad, Jawahar Lal Nehru.[73] Sporting clubs include the Cricket Club, Aligarh Muslim University[74] and the Muslim University Riding Club.[75]

The Raleigh Literary Society of the university hosts competitive events, plays, and performances,[76][77] including performances of Shakespeare's plays.[78] The society is named after Shakespeare critic Sir Walter Raleigh, who had served as the English professor at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College from 1885 to 1887.[78]

The Law Society of the university was founded in 1894 as a non-profit student organization. The society publishes law reviews and organizes events, both academic and social, from annual fest to freshers social and farewell party for final year students.[79][80]

AMU Journal

Logo of AMU Journal

AMU Journal is an independent student and alumni-run educational community and media organization,[81][82] it was started in the year 2016 by a group of AMU Students to raise campus issues and to provide News and information about Happening Events inside the university but later it became an educational community. On 17 October 2021 AMU Journal website was re-launched by Public relations officer, Proctor and Deputy Proctor, Aligarh Muslim University in collaboration with the Training and Placement Office, AMU.[83]

Cultural festivals

Every year the various clubs of the university organize their own cultural festivals. Two notable fests are the University Film Club's Filmsaaz and the Literary Club's AMU Literary Festival.

Old Boys' Association

Old Boys' Association is the alumni network of the university. It was established in the year 1898 and has been statutory recognition under AMU, Act 1920.[84]

AMU Campuses

Notable alumni and faculty

Main articles: List of Aligarh Muslim University alumni, Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University, and List of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University

Following is a list of alumni from the university.[85]

In popular culture

Further reading

  • Ahmad, Aijaz (2015). Aligarh Muslim University: An Educational and Political History, 1920–47. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5085-3673-4.
  • Graff, Violette (11 August 1990). "Aligarh's Long Quest for 'Minority' Status: AMU (Amendment) Act, 1981". Economic and Political Weekly. 25 (32): 1771–1781. JSTOR 4396615.
  • Hasan, Mushirul; Qadri, Mohd. Afzal Husain (1 March 1985). "Nationalist and separatist trends in Aligarh, 1915–47". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 22 (1): 1–33. doi:10.1177/001946468502200101. S2CID 144414983.
  • Syed Mujtaba Ali Bangladeshi Writer
  • Minault, Gail; Lelyveld, David (1974). "The Campaign for a Muslim University, 1898–1920". Modern Asian Studies. 8 (2): 145–189. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00005448. JSTOR 311636.
  • Noorani, A. G. (13 May 2016). "History of Aligarh Muslim University". The Frontline. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  • Ahmed, Fakhar Uddin Ali (2010). Arabic studies in educational institutions of Assam since 1947 (Thesis). India: Gauhati University. pp. 208–211.

References

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  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "NIRF India – Aligarh Muslim University" (PDF). 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Raychaudhuri, Sreerup (2021). "3. Reformers and educators". The Roots and Development of Particle Physics in India. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 19–52. ISBN 978-3-030-80305-6.
  4. ↑ Devine, Mary Elizabeth; Summerfield, Carol (1998). "Aligarh Muslim University". International Dictionary of University Histories. Chicago: Routledge. pp. 18–20. ISBN 1884964230.
  5. ↑ Muhammad Moj (2015). The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies. Anthem Press. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-78308-388-6. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
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External links

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