Indians in Spain: Difference between revisions

Indians in Spain
Indios en España
Total population
	57,000+ (2021)
Regions with significant populations
	Madrid, Barcelona, Ceuta, Melilla, Canary Islands, Palma de Mallorca, valencia, girona, alicante
Languages
	Spanish, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Sindhi, Punjabi, English, Urdu
Related ethnic groups
	Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin, Indian Americans, British Indians

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Latest revision as of 21:12, 7 February 2026

Indians in Spain form one of the smaller populations of the Indian diaspora. According to the statistics of India's Ministry of External Affairs, they number only 35,000, or 0.07% of the population of Spain.^[2] 2009 statistics of Spain's Instituto Nacional de Estadística showed 35,686 Indian citizens in Spain; this figure does not include persons of Indian origin holding other citizenships.^[3] Most Indians originally migrated to Spain from Africa, while others came from India and Japan and Southeast Asia.^[4] According to data from 2021, Indians in Spain number more than 57,000 (0.12% of the total population).^[1]

Migration history[edit | edit source]

In 1425 CE, Gitano Romani people of Indian origin were recorded living in Spain.^[5]^[6]^[7] From 1492, after Christian Reconquista of Spain and Roma along with Moors and Jews targeted to purge Spain of non-Christians. In 1499, Ferdinand and Isabella passed the law against Roma. In 1560 the habit and the costume of Roma were banned. Roma were forced to marry non-Roma, their language and rituals banned. In the 17th century, Spain deported Romas to the Americas and Africa. In 1749, Romas were arrested in the widespread persecution.^[8]

From 1580 to 1640 CE, Portuguese India (including Goa) was under Spanish control because of the Iberian Union,^[9] which caused migration of people in both directions.

After the World War II, Sindhi traders and shopkeepers thrived in the free ports of the Spanish Canary Islands of Las Palmas and Tenerife following the imposition of import and foreign exchange restrictions in Spain after the war. They conducted a brisk trade with the North African continent from Las Palmas. When Ceuta and Melilla, parts of Spanish Morocco, were also declared as free ports, Indian businessmen set up trading houses and retail shops catering to the tourist trade.^[4]

The next wave of Indians to go to Spain were descendants of Indian labourers from former Spanish colony of Equatorial Guinea. By the mid-seventies, there were over 200 Indian trading houses in Ceuta and Melilla. With the liberalisation in import policies introduced in the eighties, business activity shifted to the port cities of Malaga and Barcelona. Madrid also attracted many Indian businessmen.^[4]

Religion[edit | edit source]

Sindhis and Sikhs form the majority of the Indian community.^[4] Spain has recognised three entities of Hinduism.^[10] The community celebrates various Indian festivals. Rath Yatras are also taken out by members of the Hare Rama Hare Krishna movement with the enthusiastic support of the Indian community.^[4] There are temples in Valencia, Ceuta, and Canary Islands.

Business[edit | edit source]

The Indian community in Spain enjoys a good reputation. Indians are considered hard working, non-political and peaceful. The Indian community has integrated well with Spanish society.^[4]

Currently, the largest Hindu community in Spain is in the Canary Islands,^[11] especially on the island of Tenerife.^[12]^[13]

Several electronics and camera stores owned by Indians in the Canary Islands have been accused of being a fraud.^[14]^[15] In 2016 the Danish TV program "Svindlerjagt" (Eng: Swindler Hunt), went to Gran Canaria to expose several electronics stores which scammed Danish customers.^[16]

Spanish people of Indian descent[edit | edit source]

Sagar Prakash Khatnani, born in Tenerife, is a prolific writer of novels.
Robert Masih Nahar, member of the Spanish senate
Ma Anand Yashu, flutist
Vashi Domínguez, entrepreneur
Raimon Panikkar, priest and advocate of interfaith dialogue
Prakash Sunderdas, economist and member of Ciudadanos.^[17]^[18]
Rakesh Narwani, filmmaker
Abhir Hathi, urbano music artist from the Canary Islands.^[19]

References[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Población (Españoles/Extranjeros) por país de nacimiento y sexo".
↑ Singhvi 2000, p. 137
↑ INE 2009
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Singhvi 2000, p. 154
↑ Viellieard, Jeanne, Pèlerins d'Espagne a la fin de Moten âge (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2016, retrieved 20 May 2018
↑ Unión Romaní Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Modern Spain. p. 171.
↑ Persecution of Roma, Minority Rights Org, accessed 17 Feb 2025.
↑ Souza, Teotonio R. De (1979). Medieval Goa: A Socio-economic History. Concept. ISBN 978-0-86186-272-6.
↑ IRF 2006
↑ ""Nuestros negocios son ahora las inmobiliarias, la medicina y el derecho"". Web.eldia.es. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ Tenerife, La Opinión de. "Los hindúes honran a sus dioses en Arona". Laopinion.es. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ Tenerife, La Opinión de. "Vikram Misri: "La comunidad india de Tenerife es una de las mayores del país"". Laopinion.es. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ "The Tenerife Camera Scam - How it Works". Etenerfife.com. 2 April 2013. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ "Cheap Electronics in Gran Canaria – A Word of Warning – The Cunning Canary". Cunningcanary.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Svindlerjagt - Season 1 - Episode 6 - Kanal 5 (Home) - Dplay -". Dplay.dk. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ "Piku Sunderdas aclara que no deja la política, ni tampoco Ciudadanos — El Pueblo de Ceuta". Elpueblodeceuta.es. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ Actualidad, Ceuta (17 May 2016). "Sunderdas será el candidato de Ciudadanos al Congreso". Ceuta Actualidad. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
↑ "Abhir Hathi entre chulería y tristeza". Metal Magazine. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

Sources[edit | edit source]

Singhvi, L. M. (2000), "Other Countries of Europe" (PDF), Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora, New Delhi: Ministry of External Affairs, pp. 133–156, archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2003, retrieved 29 January 2008
"Spain", International Religious Freedom Report, United States: Department of State, 2006
"Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más).", Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales, Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2009, archived from the original on 14 December 2009, retrieved 13 June 2009

Template:Indian diaspora Template:Ethnic groups of Spain Template:Immigration to Spain

[Ine2021-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Población (Españoles/Extranjeros) por país de nacimiento y sexo".

[2] Singhvi 2000, p. 137

[Ine-3] INE 2009

[Singhvi-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Singhvi 2000, p. 154

[5] Viellieard, Jeanne, Pèlerins d'Espagne a la fin de Moten âge (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2016, retrieved 20 May 2018

[6] Unión Romaní Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine.

[7] Modern Spain. p. 171.

[8] Persecution of Roma, Minority Rights Org, accessed 17 Feb 2025.

[9] Souza, Teotonio R. De (1979). Medieval Goa: A Socio-economic History. Concept. ISBN 978-0-86186-272-6.

[10] IRF 2006

[11] ""Nuestros negocios son ahora las inmobiliarias, la medicina y el derecho"". Web.eldia.es. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[12] Tenerife, La Opinión de. "Los hindúes honran a sus dioses en Arona". Laopinion.es. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[13] Tenerife, La Opinión de. "Vikram Misri: "La comunidad india de Tenerife es una de las mayores del país"". Laopinion.es. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[14] "The Tenerife Camera Scam - How it Works". Etenerfife.com. 2 April 2013. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[15] "Cheap Electronics in Gran Canaria – A Word of Warning – The Cunning Canary". Cunningcanary.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.^{[permanent dead link]}

[16] "Svindlerjagt - Season 1 - Episode 6 - Kanal 5 (Home) - Dplay -". Dplay.dk. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[17] "Piku Sunderdas aclara que no deja la política, ni tampoco Ciudadanos — El Pueblo de Ceuta". Elpueblodeceuta.es. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[18] Actualidad, Ceuta (17 May 2016). "Sunderdas será el candidato de Ciudadanos al Congreso". Ceuta Actualidad. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[19] "Abhir Hathi entre chulería y tristeza". Metal Magazine. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{distinguish|Spanish Indians}}
+{{short description|Ethnic group}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
+{{Infobox ethnic group
-[https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l1/&file=00000006.px]{{Infobox ethnic group
+| group            = Indians in Spain<br>Indios en España
-| group            = Indians in Spain
+| population       = 57,000+ (2021)<ref name="Ine2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l1/&file=00000006.px|title=Población (Españoles/Extranjeros) por país de nacimiento y sexo}}</ref>
-| population       = 57000+ (2021)<ref name="Ine2021">[https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l1/&file=00000006.px]</ref>
 | popplace         = [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]], [[Canary Islands]], [[Palma (Majorca)|Palma de Mallorca]], [[valencia]], [[girona]], [[alicante]]
-| langs            = [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Hindi]],   [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[English language|English]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]]
+| langs            = [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]],
+[[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]],   [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[English language|English]], [[Urdu]]
 | related-c        = [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin]], [[Indian Americans]], [[British Indians]]
 | native_name      =
@@ Line 13: / Line 15: @@
 }}
-'''Indians in Spain''' form one of the smaller populations of the Indian diaspora. According to the statistics of India's [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], they number only 35,000, or 0.07% of the [[Demographics of Spain|population of Spain]].<ref>{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=137}}</ref> 2009 statistics of Spain's [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] showed 35,686 Indian citizens in Spain; this figure does not include persons of Indian origin holding other citizenships.<ref name="Ine">{{harvnb|INE|2009}}</ref> Most Indians originally migrated to Spain from [[Africa]], while others came from [[India]] and even [[Japan]] and Southeast Asia.<ref name="Singhvi">{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=154}}</ref> The overwhelming majority of Indians in Spain live in the Barcelona area (over 26,000 as of 2019). {{Cn|date=May 2020}} According to Data from 2021, indians number 57000+ (0.12% of the total population).<ref name="Ine2021" />
+'''Indians in Spain''' form one of the smaller populations of the Indian diaspora. According to the statistics of India's [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], they number only 35,000, or 0.07% of the [[Demographics of Spain|population of Spain]].<ref>{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=137}}</ref> 2009 statistics of Spain's [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] showed 35,686 Indian citizens in Spain; this figure does not include persons of Indian origin holding other citizenships.<ref name="Ine">{{harvnb|INE|2009}}</ref> Most Indians originally migrated to Spain from [[Africa]], while others came from [[India]] and [[Japan]] and Southeast Asia.<ref name="Singhvi">{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=154}}</ref> According to data from 2021, Indians in Spain number more than 57,000 (0.12% of the total population).<ref name="Ine2021" />
 == Migration history ==
-Sindhi traders and shopkeepers thrived in the free ports of the Spanish [[Canary Islands]] of [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]] and [[Tenerife]] following the imposition of import and foreign exchange restrictions in Spain after [[World War II]]. They conducted a brisk trade with the North African continent from [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]]. When [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]], parts of Spanish Morocco, were also declared as free ports, Indian businessmen set up trading houses and retail shops catering to the tourist trade.<ref name="Singhvi" />
+In 1425 CE, [[Gitanos|Gitano]] [[Timeline_of_Romani_history#Spain|Romani people]] of Indian origin were recorded [[Romani people in Spain|living in Spain]].<ref>{{citation | url =http://195.220.134.232/numerisation/tires-a-part-www-nb/0000005430031.pdf | title = Pèlerins d'Espagne a la fin de Moten âge | first = Jeanne | last = Viellieard | access-date = 2018-05-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160820031222/http://195.220.134.232/numerisation/tires-a-part-www-nb/0000005430031.pdf | archive-date = 2016-08-20 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.unionromani.org/docgit.htm Unión Romaní] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509124051/http://www.unionromani.org/docgit.htm |date=2008-05-09 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Modern Spain|page=171}}</ref> From 1492, after Christian Reconquista of Spain and Roma along with Moors and Jews targeted to purge Spain of non-Christians. In 1499, Ferdinand and Isabella passed the law against Roma. In 1560 ''the habit and the costume'' of Roma were banned. Roma were forced to marry non-Roma, their language and rituals banned. In the 17th century, Spain deported Romas to the Americas and Africa. In 1749, Romas were arrested in the widespread persecution.<ref>[https://minorityrights.org/communities/roma-gypsies-2/ Persecution of Roma], Minority Rights Org, accessed 17 Feb 2025.</ref>
+From 1580 to 1640 CE, [[Portuguese India]] (including Goa) was under Spanish control because of the [[Iberian Union]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Souza |first=Teotonio R. De |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtIiAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=spain |title=Medieval Goa: A Socio-economic History |date=1979 |publisher=Concept |isbn=978-0-86186-272-6 |language=en}}</ref> which caused migration of people in both directions.
+After the [[World War II]], Sindhi traders and shopkeepers thrived in the free ports of the Spanish [[Canary Islands]] of [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]] and [[Tenerife]] following the imposition of import and foreign exchange restrictions in Spain after the war. They conducted a brisk trade with the North African continent from [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]]. When [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]], parts of Spanish Morocco, were also declared as free ports, Indian businessmen set up trading houses and retail shops catering to the tourist trade.<ref name="Singhvi" />
 The next wave of Indians to go to Spain were descendants of Indian labourers from former [[Spanish Empire|Spanish colony]] of [[Equatorial Guinea]]. By the mid-seventies, there were over 200 Indian trading houses in Ceuta and Melilla. With the liberalisation in import policies introduced in the eighties, business activity shifted to the port cities of Malaga and Barcelona. Madrid also attracted many Indian businessmen.<ref name="Singhvi" />
@@ Line 24: / Line 31: @@
 == Business ==
-The Indian community in Spain enjoys a good reputation. Indians are considered hard working, non-political and peaceful. The Indian community has integrated well with Spanish society.<ref name="Singhvi" /> There are many Indian restaurants in the island of [[Majorca|Mallorca]].
+The Indian community in Spain enjoys a good reputation. Indians are considered hard working, non-political and peaceful. The Indian community has integrated well with Spanish society.<ref name="Singhvi" />
-The majority of Indian people living in Spain have their own business such as stores, restaurants, call centres, grocery stores, clothes store, construction firm, telecommunication shops, bar, dance and Bhangra groups etc.{{citation needed|date=June 2009}}
 Currently, the largest Hindu community in Spain is in the [[Canary Islands]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.eldia.es/canarias/2007-12-16/22-negocios-son-ahora-inmobiliarias-medicina-derecho.htm|title="Nuestros negocios son ahora las inmobiliarias, la medicina y el derecho"|date=16 December 2007|website=Web.eldia.es|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> especially on the island of [[Tenerife]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laopinion.es/tenerife/2015/08/03/hindues-honran-dioses-arona/621265.html|title=Los hindúes honran a sus dioses en Arona|first=La Opinión de|last=Tenerife|website=Laopinion.es|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laopinion.es/tenerife/2015/04/18/comunidad-india-tenerife-mayores-pais/601531.html|title=Vikram Misri: "La comunidad india de Tenerife es una de las mayores del país"|first=La Opinión de|last=Tenerife|website=Laopinion.es|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>
-Several electronics and camera stores owned by Indians in the Canary Islands have been accused of being a fraud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etenerife.com/holidays-in-tenerife/tenerife-camera-scam/|title=The Tenerife Camera Scam - How it Works|date=2 April 2013|website=Etenerfife.com|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cunningcanary.com/959/cheap-electronics-in-gran-canaria-a-word-of-warning/#.WEnZvObhA2w|title=Cheap Electronics in Gran Canaria – A Word of Warning – The Cunning Canary|website=Cunningcanary.com|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> In 2016 the Danish TV program "Svindlerjagt" (Eng: Swindler Hunt), went to Gran Canaria to expose several electronics stores which scammed Danish customers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dplay.dk/svindlerjagt-3/season-1-episode-6/|title=Svindlerjagt - Season 1 - Episode 6 - Kanal 5 (Home) - Dplay -|website=Dplay.dk|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>
+Several electronics and camera stores owned by Indians in the Canary Islands have been accused of being a fraud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etenerife.com/holidays-in-tenerife/tenerife-camera-scam/|title=The Tenerife Camera Scam - How it Works|date=2 April 2013|website=Etenerfife.com|access-date=29 August 2017|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831012906/http://www.etenerife.com/holidays-in-tenerife/tenerife-camera-scam/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cunningcanary.com/959/cheap-electronics-in-gran-canaria-a-word-of-warning/#.WEnZvObhA2w|title=Cheap Electronics in Gran Canaria – A Word of Warning – The Cunning Canary|website=Cunningcanary.com|access-date=29 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2016 the Danish TV program "Svindlerjagt" (Eng: Swindler Hunt), went to Gran Canaria to expose several electronics stores which scammed Danish customers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dplay.dk/svindlerjagt-3/season-1-episode-6/|title=Svindlerjagt - Season 1 - Episode 6 - Kanal 5 (Home) - Dplay -|website=Dplay.dk|access-date=29 August 2017|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830011108/http://www.dplay.dk/svindlerjagt-3/season-1-episode-6/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 == Spanish people of Indian descent ==
@@ Line 37: / Line 43: @@
 * [[Vashi Domínguez]], entrepreneur
 * [[Raimon Panikkar]], priest and advocate of interfaith dialogue
-* Prakash Sunderdas, economist and member of [[Ciudadanos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elpueblodeceuta.es/not/10126/piku-sunderdas-aclara-que-no-deja-la-politica-ni-tampoco-ciudadanos|title=Piku Sunderdas aclara que no deja la política, ni tampoco Ciudadanos — El Pueblo de Ceuta|website=Elpueblodeceuta.es|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceutaactualidad.com/articulo/generales-2016/piku-sunderdas-sera-candidato-ciudadanos-congreso/20160517143434025104.html|title=Sunderdas será el candidato de Ciudadanos al Congreso|first=Ceuta|last=Actualidad|website=Ceuta Actualidad|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>
+* Prakash Sunderdas, economist and member of [[Ciudadanos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elpueblodeceuta.es/not/10126/piku-sunderdas-aclara-que-no-deja-la-politica-ni-tampoco-ciudadanos|title=Piku Sunderdas aclara que no deja la política, ni tampoco Ciudadanos — El Pueblo de Ceuta|website=Elpueblodeceuta.es|date=7 September 2016 |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceutaactualidad.com/articulo/generales-2016/piku-sunderdas-sera-candidato-ciudadanos-congreso/20160517143434025104.html|title=Sunderdas será el candidato de Ciudadanos al Congreso|first=Ceuta|last=Actualidad|website=Ceuta Actualidad|date=17 May 2016|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>
+* Rakesh Narwani, filmmaker
+* Abhir Hathi, [[Urbano music|urbano]] music artist from the Canary Islands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abhir Hathi entre chulería y tristeza |url=https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/interview/abhir-hathi |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=Metal Magazine}}</ref>
 == See also ==
+{{Portal|India|Spain}}
 * [[Hinduism in Spain]]
+* [[India–Spain relations]]
+* ''[[Gitanos]]''
 == References ==
@@ Line 47: / Line 58: @@
 === Sources ===
-*{{citation|last=Singhvi|first=L. M.|chapter=Other Countries of Europe|pages=133–156|title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs|publication-place=New Delhi|url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|year=2000|access-date=29 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030417123000/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2003|url-status=dead}}
+*{{citation|last=Singhvi|first=L. M.|chapter=Other Countries of Europe|pages=133–156|title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs|publication-place=New Delhi|chapter-url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|year=2000|access-date=29 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030417123000/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2003|url-status=dead}}
-*{{citation|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71409.htm|publisher=Department of State|publication-place=United States|year=2006|chapter=Spain|title=International Religious Freedom Report|ref=CITEREFIRF2006}}
+*{{citation|chapter-url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71409.htm|publisher=Department of State|publication-place=United States|year=2006|chapter=Spain|title=International Religious Freedom Report|ref=CITEREFIRF2006}}
-*{{citation|title=Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales |chapter=Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más). |year=2009 |access-date=2009-06-13 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] |publication-place=Spain |ref=CITEREFINE2009 |url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.PX&type=pcaxis&L=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214005318/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=%2Ft20%2Fe245%2Fp04%2Fprovi%2Fl0%2F&file=00000010.PX&type=pcaxis&L=0 |archive-date=2009-12-14 }}
+*{{citation|title=Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales |chapter=Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más). |year=2009 |access-date=2009-06-13 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] |publication-place=Spain |ref=CITEREFINE2009 |chapter-url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.PX&type=pcaxis&L=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214005318/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=%2Ft20%2Fe245%2Fp04%2Fprovi%2Fl0%2F&file=00000010.PX&type=pcaxis&L=0 |archive-date=2009-12-14 }}
-{{NRI-PIO}}
+{{Indian diaspora}}
+{{Ethnic groups of Spain}}
 {{Immigration to Spain}}
-[[Category:Ethnic groups in Spain]]
 [[Category:Asian diaspora in Spain]]
 [[Category:Indian diaspora by country|Spain]]
 [[Category:Indian diaspora in Europe|Spain]]
 [[Category:Spanish people of Indian descent| ]]